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67:
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139:
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282:. The dimensions were 62 metres (202 ft) on the northwest side, 63 metres (207 ft) on the northeast side, 62 metres (202 ft) on the southeast side, and 61 metres (200 ft) on the southwest side paralleling Wah-wese Creek. About a dozen Europeans manned the fort. The only contact with the outside world was the twice yearly HBC steamboat.
74:
289:
was appointed foreman over a crew of immigrant coalminers. Many of the
Scottish miners refused to undertake non-mining work, and also were unhappy that the company provided limited protection against armed attacks outside the fort. Workers who refused to perform their duties were put in irons and
330:
and forced to return to their homelands, spreading smallpox throughout the
Pacific Northwest coast. Groups of Kwakwakaʼwakw thus brought smallpox from Victoria to the Fort Rupert area. HBC employee Hamilton Moffat inoculated over 100 tribal members near Fort Rupert with
306:
297:
The two cannons were not in working order, since any attempt to defend the fort against an attack by overwhelming numbers would be pointless. Individual
Nahwitti would climb the outside walls and leer down at the occupants.
760:
318:
settlement quickly sprang up, housing about 600–700 people. Visits by royal naval officers sought to diffuse inter-tribal warfare, but also burned down houses for refusal to hand over tribesmen wanted for murder.
367:
The Hunt family ran a general store, which passed to descendants, the
Cadwallader family. An 1890 ledger entry mentions a $ 96.50 theft, Cadwallader tracking down the two suspects, and the restitution extracted.
50:
364:
salvaged items from the ruins, including metal objects such as knives, nails, and hammers. Allegedly, they also took iron and brass eight-pounder cannons and kept them in their village, Ku-Kultz.
246:
437:
At the Fort Rupert site, all that remains are various footings, drains, the huge stone chimney of the factor's residence, the Hunt family cemetery, and the collapsed
Cadwallader store.
1399:
768:
1404:
357:, but returned in 1872. By 1882, the HBC had abandoned the fort. In 1885, Hunt purchased the entire site for $ 1,500. In 1889, a fire consumed the former officers' quarters.
183:
66:
258:
in the early 1840s had been a mistake, the HBC sought a new location partly motivated by
Admiralty interest in coal. In 1849, men under the charge of Captain
1074:
859:
1300:
1295:
335:. Nonetheless, smallpox spread throughout northern Vancouver Island. Over the summer of 1862, smallpox reduced the Kwakwakaʼwakw population by over 50%.
868:
341:, as part of slave or child sacrifices, was practised among the tribes into the 1870s. Two decades later, corpses had been substituted in the ritual.
290:
placed on rations. Deserters risked death at the hands of the
Nahwitti. Mining ceased in 1852. Dunsmuir was reassigned to the HBC coal operations at
1484:
1202:
323:
396:(Kwagyewlth or Kwakiutl) and the Komoyue subgroup, where totem pole carving, and completion of artwork and traditional crafts can be observed. The
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1021:
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101:
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The fort continued as a trading post, but business declined in the 1860s. An 1863 fire destroyed four houses and took one life. In 1868,
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believed to be from the fort. Subsequently, scuba divers stumbled across six cannons on a sandy beach of an isolated bay in the region.
427:
151:
1479:
1238:
1469:
670:
The Coming of the Spirit of
Pestilence: Introduced Infectious Diseases and Population Decline Among Northwest Coast Indians, 1774–1874
354:
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1345:
1394:
934:
852:
715:
1365:
228:
204:
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623:""Lo! The poor Indian!" Colonial Responses to the 1862-63 Smallpox Epidemic in British Columbia and Vancouver Island"
410:, though difficult to find, exist on the sandstone formations in the higher tidal zones below the former fort site.
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No First
Nations settlements existed in the immediate area. To take advantage of the new trading post, a
227:. The unincorporated community on Beaver Harbour is about 11 kilometres (7 mi) by road southeast of
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270:, the first HBC governor, the strong fortifications were to provide protection from the fierce
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In 1835, the HBC became aware of coal deposits in the area, but no market existed until a
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thousands of indigenous people were evicted from large semi-permanent camps near
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407:
116:
103:
1335:
1045:
431:
423:
240:
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761:"Artillery preserved in British Columbia, Victoria, Maritime Museum of BC"
666:"A final disaster: the 1862 smallpox epidemic in coastal British Columbia"
641:
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275:
889:
291:
279:
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144:
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A welcome pole in front of U'gwamalis Hall, the Band Office for the
27:
For the former Hudson's Bay
Company trading post on James Bay, see
375:
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245:
841:
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696:
604:
602:
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558:
521:
519:
672:. University of British Columbia Press. pp. 172–201.
274:
warriors in the vicinity. The 5-metre (18 ft) high
219:(HBC) fort on the east coast near the northern tip of
747:
Historic Treasures and Lost Mines of British Columbia
388:
The present-day village of Fort Rupert is a historic
285:
In 1851, final construction was complete. That year,
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808:Ghost Towns & Mining Camps of Vancouver Island
1400:Areas disputed by Canada and the United States
702:
608:
576:
564:
525:
510:
853:
833:. Archaeological Society of British Columbia.
8:
1405:Proposed provinces and territories of Canada
789:
732:
549:
537:
360:Following further deterioration, the nearby
860:
846:
838:
664:Boyd, Robert; Boyd, Robert Thomas (1999).
38:
869:Former colonies and territories in Canada
640:
324:1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic
463:
193:
131:
96:
59:
47:
310:Kwakwaka'wakw house, Fort Rupert, 1885
825:Simonsen, Bjorn; Judd, Carol (2011).
181:
169:
149:
7:
628:Canadian Bulletin of Medical History
345:Hunt general store replaced the fort
806:Paterson, T.W.; Basque, G. (1999).
428:Maritime Museum of British Columbia
266:, erected Fort Rupert. Named after
73:
25:
243:presence emerged a decade later.
36:Place in British Columbia, Canada
1436:
1424:
1423:
1395:Territorial evolution after 1867
157:
137:
72:
65:
49:
1485:Ghost towns in British Columbia
716:"Coronada Mercury, 28 Dec 1889"
353:Robert Hunt was transferred to
452:List of Kwakwaka'wakw villages
1:
18:Fort Rupert, British Columbia
1301:British Columbia (1866–1871)
1296:British Columbia (1858–1866)
302:Early First Nations presence
1475:History of British Columbia
86:Location of Fort Rupert in
1501:
1465:Hudson's Bay Company forts
1208:British Arctic Territories
703:Paterson & Basque 1999
609:Paterson & Basque 1999
577:Paterson & Basque 1999
565:Paterson & Basque 1999
540:, pp. 16, 18, 20. 22.
526:Paterson & Basque 1999
511:Paterson & Basque 1999
430:has a cast iron 9-pounder
418:Apparently, a cannon from
268:Prince Rupert of the Rhine
26:
1470:Northern Vancouver Island
1418:
472:"Fort Rupert (community)"
372:Present-day First Nations
278:held a cannon in the two
254:Realizing the closing of
235:Coal & fortifications
97:
60:
48:
810:. Sunfire Publications.
790:Simonsen & Judd 2011
765:www.silverhawkauthor.com
733:Simonsen & Judd 2011
621:Van Rijn, Kiran (2006).
550:Simonsen & Judd 2011
538:Simonsen & Judd 2011
215:is the site of a former
1311:North-Western Territory
1286:Queen Charlotte Islands
447:Royal eponyms in Canada
1480:Kwakwaka'wakw villages
792:, pp. 16, 22, 23.
492:"Beaver Harbour (bay)"
400:of the Kwagu'ł is the
385:
311:
251:
117:50.69444°N 127.41194°W
745:Barlee, N.L. (1976).
642:10.3138/cbmh.23.2.541
497:BC Geographical Names
477:BC Geographical Names
402:Kwakiutl First Nation
382:Kwakiutl First Nation
379:
309:
260:William Henry McNeill
249:
1410:Population of Canada
1261:Prince Edward Island
827:"The Midden, Spring"
217:Hudson's Bay Company
122:50.69444; -127.41194
1203:Newfoundland (1583)
414:Archaeological site
205:778, 236, & 672
113: /
55:Fort Rupert in 1878
29:Waskaganish, Quebec
1234:Nova Scotia (1710)
1098:Nova Scotia (1621)
900:L'Anse aux Meadows
386:
312:
252:
250:Fort Rupert, 1851.
1452:
1451:
1443:Canada portal
1281:Columbia District
1108:Port Royal Colony
1075:Pacific Northwest
885:Named territories
771:on April 19, 2021
679:978-0-295-97837-6
590:Gunboat Frontier
210:
209:
184:Regional District
16:(Redirected from
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1379:Sverdrup Islands
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1291:Vancouver Island
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767:. Archived from
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333:smallpox vaccine
225:British Columbia
221:Vancouver Island
189:Mount Waddington
177:Vancouver Island
165:British Columbia
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1326:Important sites
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1131:Russian America
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1056:Fort San Miguel
1051:Important sites
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983:Annapolis Royal
974:Important sites
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392:village of the
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287:Robert Dunsmuir
256:Fort McLoughlin
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749:. Canada West.
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635:(2): 541–560.
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1336:Avalon (1620)
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1023:
1022:List of forts
1019:
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1015:List of towns
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817:1-895811-80-5
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735:, p. 20.
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705:, p. 67.
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611:, p. 65.
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579:, p. 38.
578:
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567:, p. 66.
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552:, p. 18.
551:
546:
543:
539:
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531:
528:, p. 64.
527:
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513:, p. 62.
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467:
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445:
444:
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435:
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429:
426:in 1976. The
425:
422:was taken to
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413:
411:
409:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
390:Kwakwaka'wakw
383:
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358:
356:
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344:
342:
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316:Kwakwaka'wakw
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126:
98:Coordinates:
89:
68:
52:
40:
34:
30:
19:
1434:
1422:
1356:Fort Langley
1341:York Factory
1331:Cuper's Cove
1070:Newfoundland
1060:Nootka Sound
1020:
1013:
935:Isle St-Jean
922:
830:
807:
785:
775:February 23,
773:. Retrieved
769:the original
764:
755:
746:
740:
728:
719:
710:
685:February 10,
683:. Retrieved
669:
659:
632:
626:
616:
595:Google Books
593:, p. 35, at
588:
584:
572:
545:
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366:
359:
355:Fort Simpson
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238:
212:
211:
33:
1266:Cape Breton
1219:New Britain
1065:Expeditions
965:Terre Neuve
831:www.uvic.ca
408:Petroglyphs
339:Cannibalism
322:During the
213:Fort Rupert
120: /
108:127°24′43″W
80:Fort Rupert
43:Fort Rupert
1459:Categories
1213:New Albion
1175:Nova Dania
1004:Louisbourg
979:Port Royal
940:Île Royale
924:New France
800:References
229:Port Hardy
196:Area codes
105:50°41′40″N
1366:Norwegian
1321:Red River
1315:districts
1046:New Spain
1009:Plaisance
955:Louisiana
458:Footnotes
432:carronade
424:Vancouver
264:John Work
241:steamboat
1429:Category
1351:Victoria
1306:Stickeen
1140:American
1085:Scottish
999:Montreal
651:17214129
441:See also
420:Ku-Kultz
362:Nahwitti
328:Victoria
280:bastions
276:stockade
272:Nahwitti
152:Province
1388:Related
1346:Halifax
1190:British
1185:English
1118:Russian
1033:Spanish
890:Vinland
394:Kwagu'ł
292:Nanaimo
133:Country
1374:Claims
1251:Canada
1239:Quebec
1198:Claims
1170:Claims
1162:Danish
1147:Claims
1126:Claims
1093:Claims
1041:Claims
989:Quebec
945:Canada
930:Acadia
918:Claims
910:French
895:Sites:
814:
676:
649:
351:factor
172:Region
162:
145:Canada
142:
1248:Upper
1244:Lower
1103:Sites
877:Norse
1246:and
812:ISBN
777:2021
687:2021
674:ISBN
647:PMID
1215:(?)
1187:and
637:doi
201:250
1461::
1058:,
829:.
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718:.
695:^
668:.
645:.
633:23
631:.
625:.
601:^
557:^
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