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167:, which consisted literally of a transposition of her unmade and disheveled bed, surrounded by shed clothing and other bedroom detritus, directly from her bedroom to the Tate. In this sense the artist gives the audience time and a stage to contemplate an object. As such, found objects can prompt philosophical reflection in the observer ranging from disgust to indifference to nostalgia to empathy.
280:, a urinal signed with the pseudonym "R. Mutt", and generally attributed to Duchamp, confounded the art world. In the same year, Duchamp indicated in a letter to his sister, Suzanne Duchamp, that a female friend was centrally involved in the conception of this work. As he writes: "One of my female friends who had adopted the pseudonym Richard Mutt sent me a porcelain urinal as a sculpture."
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1125:—a genre of art that started umpteen years ago with a guy in New York who took a urinal and cleverly refashioned it into a fountain. Found art is created when odd, disparate, unlikely, even long-abandoned castoffs are put together with other similarly unexpected remnants to create something new and, if all goes as planned, lovely.
302:. Norton, who recently had separated from her husband, was living at the time in an apartment owned by her parents at 110 West 88th Street in New York City, and this address is partially discernible (along with "Richard Mutt") on the paper entry ticket attached to the object, as seen in Stieglitz's photograph.
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that it cannot be recognized, as is the case with ready-mades. Recent critical theory, however, would argue that the mere designation and relocation of any object, ready-mades included, constitutes a modification of the object because it changes our perception of its utility, its lifespan, or its status.
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By the time of the
Surrealist Exhibition of Objects in 1936 a whole range of sub-classifications had been devised—including found objects, ready-made objects, perturbed objects, mathematical objects, natural objects, interpreted natural objects, incorporated natural objects, Oceanic objects, American
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As an art form, found objects tend to include the artist's output—at the very least an idea about it, i.e. the artist's designation of the object as art—which is nearly always reinforced with a title. There is usually some degree of modification of the found object, although not always to the extent
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On the surface, anyway, there is no mystery about the making of the great bulk of works of artifactual art; they are crafted in various traditional ways—painted, sculpted, and the like. (Later, I will attempt to go below the surface a bit.) There is, however, a puzzle about the artifactuality of
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Creating and using trash art can expose people to hazardous substances. For instance, older computer and electronic components can contain lead (in solder and insulation). Jewelry made from these items may require careful handling. In France, trash art became known as "Poubellisme", art made from
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to be early examples of found objects. Found and collected in natural settings, the rocks are changed only minimally for display, seldom beyond the addition of a display stand, and are meant to be contemplated as idealized representations of nature. Geological processes, chief among them
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headline "For 1,000 years art has been one of our great civilising forces. Today, pickled sheep and soiled beds threaten to make barbarians of us all". A more unexpected rejection in 1999 came from artists—some of whom had previously worked with found objects—who founded the
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indicates that
Duchamp may have fabricated his found objects. Exhaustive research of mundane items like snow shovels and bottle racks in use at the time failed to reveal identical matches. The urinal, upon close inspection, is non-functional. However, there are accounts of
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some relatively recent works of art: Duchamp's readymades, found art, and the like. Some deny that such things are art because, they claim, they are not artifacts made by artists. It can, I think, be shown that they are the artifacts of artists. (In
110:(1917), a standard urinal purchased from a hardware store and displayed on a pedestal, resting on its back. In its strictest sense the term "ready-made" is applied exclusively to works produced by Marcel Duchamp, who borrowed the term from the
604:, who uses found sounds from the natural world in his music, has stated that incorporating the "soundscape" of ecosystems into music may be an effective means of communicating important messages about issues such as climate change.
132:
Found objects derive their identity as art from the designation placed upon them by the artist and from the social history that comes with the object. This may be indicated by either its anonymous wear and tear (as in collages of
428:, "It's not a symbol. I have changed the physical substance of the glass of water into that of an oak tree. I didn't change its appearance. The actual oak tree is physically present, but in the form of a glass of water."
141:). The context into which it is placed is also a highly relevant factor. The idea of dignifying commonplace objects in this way was originally a shocking challenge to the accepted distinction between what was considered
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takes trash from the beach and creates dresses, vests, and other clothes. Many organizations sponsor junk art competitions. Trash art may also have a social purpose, of raising awareness of trash.
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where commercially mass-produced items would be arranged in the art gallery as sculpture. The focus of this variety of sculpture was on the marketing, display of products. These artists included
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found and identified seventeen unpublished works in a private collection, classified as a national treasure on May 7, 2021, by the French
Ministry of Culture, including
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exhibitions in Paris between 1883 and 1893. According to Johann Naldi, this work is the oldest known readymade and was a source of inspiration for Marcel
Duchamp.
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exhibited modified found objects, such as rocks with a hole in them stuffed with fur and fat, a van with sledges trailing behind it, and a rusty girder.
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They embody the original impulse to elevate a found object to fine art status, not unlike a "readymade," where a commonplace artifact is viewed as art.
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group and issued a manifesto denouncing such work in favour of a return to painting with the statement "Ready-made art is a polemic of materialism".
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507:. These works primarily comprise components that have been discarded. Often they come quite literally from the trash. One example of trash art is
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616:. It has been rejected by the general public and journalists, and supported by public museums and art critics. In his 2000 Dimbleby lecture,
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1490:"Australian artist Paul Yore speaks about censorship in art, queer culture and Catholic kitsch as ACCA exhibition surveys his career"
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queerness", "bad taste aesthetic", in order to challenge people's perceptions, and to examine excess consumption in society.
104:, consisting of completely unaltered everyday objects selected by Duchamp and designated as art. The most famous example is
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The found object in art has been a subject of polarised debate in
Britain throughout the 1990s due to the use of it by the
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who combined it with traditional art by sticking combs onto a painting to represent hair. A well-known work by Man Ray is
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149:. Although it may now be accepted in the art world as a viable practice, it continues to arouse questioning, as with the
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400:, defined ready-mades as "manufactured objects raised to the dignity of works of art through the choice of the artist".
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that are not normally considered materials from which art is made, often because they already have a non-art function.
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1350:"Marcel Duchamp's Impossible Bed and Other 'Not' Readymade Objects: A Possible Route of Influence From Art To Science"
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in 1915 to describe a common object that had been selected and not materially altered in any way. Duchamp assembled
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Found Art is a term coined to describe works which are composed in part or entirety of natural or salvaged objects.
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consisting of a green carriage curtain suspended from a wooden cylinder. This work was certainly exhibited at the
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in 1913 by attaching a common front wheel and fork to the seat of a common stool. This was not long after his
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Many modern artists are notable for their use of found objects in their art. These include the following:
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first publicly utilized the idea when he pasted a printed image of chair caning onto his painting titled
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363:(1921), which is an iron with nails sticking out from its flat underside, thus rendering it useless.
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1772:"Pablo Picasso's Bull's Head | A Magical Metamorphosis of the Ordinary | Masterpiece by Eric Gibson"
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211:, give the rocks their distinctive qualities, rather than any modification by an artist or artisan.
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argues that the piece is more in line with the scatological aesthetics of
Duchamp's friend, the
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468:, 1985, which consisted of two basketballs floating in water, which half-fills a glass tank.
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Des souteneurs encore dans la force de l'âge et le ventre dans l'herbe boivent de l'absinthe
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1867:, Volume 10 of Blackwell Companions to Art History, John Wiley & Sons, May 2, 2016,
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Art and
Interpretation: An Anthology of Readings in Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Art
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The combination of several found objects is a type of ready-made sometimes known as an
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129:') while living in New York, and especially to works dating from 1913 to 1921.
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advocated such kinds of "difficult" art, while quoting opposition such as the
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288:, than Duchamp's. The other possible, and more probable, "female friend" is
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2017:
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1246:"17 œuvres des Arts incohérents : un trésor redécouvert dans une malle"
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137:) or by its recognizability as a consumer icon (as in the sculptures of
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Des souteneurs encore dans la force de l'âge et le ventre dans l'herbe
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Art made from trash found on the streets of New York City by artist
1183:"Interpreting the natural: contemporary visions of scholars' rocks"
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is thought to have perfected the concept several years later when
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1363:"Tate Collection - The Handsome Pork-Butcher by Francis Picabia"
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objects and
Surrealist objects. At this time Surrealist leader,
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1611:"Bjork emerges from her internal battle, with strings attached"
1227:"Dix-neuf œuvres des Arts incohérents classées trésor national"
77:
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975:, ancient Chinese art inspired by the shape of found roots.
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Heal the Bay. News and Blog feature story, no date given.
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I claimed, I now think mistakenly, that artifactuality is
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In the 1980s, a variation of found objects emerged called
375:(1925), made of scrap metal, rubber and other materials.
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Spanish artist
Francisco de Pajaro ("Art is trash" or "
80:
created from undisguised, but often modified, items or
3679:
1819:"The Richard Mutt Case: Looking for Marcel Duchamp's
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definition of Objet trouvé at the MoMA Art Terms page
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The use of found objects was quickly taken up by the
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In the 1960s found objects were present in both the
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1637:"At the Intersection of Art, Science and Community"
1339:(New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994), p. 239, note 17.
1293:Baroness Elsa: Gender, Dada and Everyday Modernity
1265:Arts incohérents, discoveries and new perspectives
318:being with Duchamp when he purchased the original
1852:, paper magazine featuring internet image finders
1295:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2002, 224.
1080:and found art, but I will not discuss this here.)
499:A specific subgenre of found objects is known as
1836:"Environmental Art and Land Art as objet trouvé"
522:A permanent yet evolving example of junk art on
457:(who later moved on to do other kinds of work).
30:"Readymade" redirects here. For other uses, see
3375:Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America
1831:(See section "The medium modifies the message")
1095:Found Art: Discovering Beauty in Foreign Places
1000:Art from Found Materials, Discarded and Natural
270:was attracting the attention of critics at the
1858:fan scarf remix knitting pattern by Schalalala
580:Found sounds have been used by acts including
2883:
2203:Cinema / television / video
1893:
1586:"The Books: Making Music Through Found Sound"
1419:"There's No Need to be Afraid of the Present"
1147:Chilvers, Ian & Glaves-Smith, John eds.,
542:
8:
2737:Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree
292:(later Varèse), who contributed an essay to
537:Artists who create art from trash include:
382:. Another such example is Marcel Duchamp's
120:
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1920:
1900:
1886:
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1198:
1149:Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art
27:Non-standard material used in work of art
1844:– An extended examination of the subject
1680:"Arman, 76, Found-Object Sculptor, Dies"
1451:"Styrofoam Cups: From Trash to Fashion."
367:began making large-scale assemblages in
3686:
1525:and C. W. Davis, Methuen, Toronto, 1979
989:
1187:Creative Arts in Education and Therapy
554:, who uses trash to create a kind of "
534:contents of "poubelles" (trash bins).
272:International Exhibition of Modern Art
240:
1842:"Readymade, found object, photograph"
1716:Official Louis (Lou) Hirshman website
286:Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven
7:
1267:. Paris: Lienart. pp. 164–183.
1498:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1436:Marshall Raeburn Found Object Art:
1287:Duchamp, Marcel trans. and qtd. in
1244:Philippe, Dagen (3 February 2021).
1092:Tankersley, Leeana (14 June 2009).
3474:Index of painting-related articles
1864:A Companion to Dada and Surrealism
1535:Randall, Mac (12 September 2000).
25:
1784:from the original on 31 May 2023.
1561:"Four Tet Looks Back on 'Rounds'"
1488:Heath, Nicola (6 November 2022).
932:Classificatory disputes about art
571:. It is an important part of the
202:One curator considers East Asian
3689:
1165:Marcel Duchamp and the Readymade
1038:Dayton, Eric (2 February 1999).
214:In 2017–2018, the French expert
198:, carriage curtain, before 1897.
1537:Exit Music: The Radiohead Story
1225:Philippe, Dagen (10 May 2021).
957:Found footage (disambiguation)
1:
2666:Pierre Menard, Author of the
2512:Archetypal literary criticism
2072:Literature / theatre
1371:. 16 May 2011. Archived from
1181:Dodson, Donna (August 2021).
3413:Museum collection management
3336:Art history (academic study)
3215:alternative exhibition space
2478:Source criticism in the arts
2146:Readymades of Marcel Duchamp
1263:Johann, Naldi (April 2022).
1076:on things such as Duchamp's
997:Stribling, Mary Lou (1970).
889:Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven
464:' early signature works was
432:Other types of found objects
385:Why Not Sneeze, Rose SĂ©lavy?
247:Readymades of Marcel Duchamp
90:Still Life with Chair Caning
3574:Colossal sculptures in situ
3278:Artist-in-residence program
2679:Reality Hunger: A Manifesto
1703:Five Feet of Colorful Tools
1326:, no. 2, May 1917, pp. 5-6.
569:used as musical instruments
511:, fashion made from trash.
267:Nude Descending a Staircase
3753:
3584:Contemporary art galleries
3479:Outline of the visual arts
2785:Appropriation in sociology
642:
618:Who's afraid of modern art
567:Found objects can also be
322:at J. L. Mott Iron Works.
244:
183:
32:Readymade (disambiguation)
29:
3654:
2790:Articulation in sociology
2313:Revivalism (architecture)
2126:
1663:"The Stuckists manifesto"
1615:The Sydney Morning Herald
1539:. Delta. pp. 71–73.
1121:... That is what we call
3638:Most expensive paintings
3425:Conservation-restoration
3227:Contemporary art gallery
2502:Aesthetic interpretation
1829:"A Stuckist on Stuckism"
1438:"Stuff I Made from Junk"
1348:Shearer, Rhonda Roland:
1318:"Buddha of the Bathroom"
351:movement, being used by
3646:works by living artists
3408:Classificatory disputes
2744:The Pictures Generation
2523:The Death of the Author
1777:The Wall Street Journal
1760:, 1965, MoMA collection
1705:, 1962, MoMA collection
1153:Oxford University Press
2815:Copyright infringement
2795:Cultural appropriation
1337:New York Dada, 1915-23
1200:10.15212/CAET/2021/7/1
1005:Crown Publishing Group
680:Jake and Dinos Chapman
543:
530:
496:
484:
344:
241:Duchamp's "readymades"
199:
115:
57:
3283:Artist-run initiative
3170:Visual arts education
2842:Participatory culture
2810:Intellectual property
1070:Art and the Aesthetic
645:List of found objects
643:Further information:
614:Young British Artists
521:
490:
479:
333:
307:Rhonda Roland Shearer
193:
42:
3579:Contemporary artists
3442:Destination painting
3239:Single-artist museum
3128:Conservator-restorer
2517:Artistic inspiration
2341:Intertextual figures
2308:Parody advertisement
1817:Betacourt, Michael:
1758:One and Three Chairs
1335:Francis M. Naumann,
947:Found object (music)
839:Niki de Saint Phalle
819:Michael Craig-Martin
422:claimed of his work
420:Michael Craig-Martin
341:Michael Craig-Martin
53:1917; photograph by
3569:Art reference books
3363:History of painting
2947:Fine-art photograph
2852:Recontextualisation
2805:Information society
2800:History of printing
2780:Academic dishonesty
2541:Genius (literature)
2230:Literal music video
2141:Photographic mosaic
1936:Chopped and screwed
1840:Iverson, Margaret:
1834:den Arend, Lucien:
1827:Thompson, Charles:
1738:on 31 December 2012
1155:, 2009. pp. 587–588
927:Appropriation (art)
849:Robert Rauschenberg
622:Sir Nicholas Serota
466:Two Ball 50/50 Tank
443:commodity sculpture
437:Commodity sculpture
3732:Types of sculpture
3664:Visual arts portal
3594:National galleries
3447:Eclecticism in art
3402:Catalogue raisonné
3273:Artist cooperative
2529:Divine inspiration
2318:Video game modding
2160:By source material
1689:The New York Times
879:Michelle Stitzlein
550:Australian artist
531:
497:
485:
345:
229:by Alphonse Allais
200:
58:
3717:Visual arts media
3677:
3676:
3268:Artist collective
3082:Site-specific art
2932:Cultural artifact
2865:
2864:
2772:artistic concepts
2760:Russian formalism
2486:
2485:
2326:
2325:
2215:Anime music video
2198:
2197:
2190:Statue of Liberty
1988:Musical quotation
1931:Bootleg recording
1804:, defined by MOMA
1692:, 24 October 2005
1641:Texas Geosciences
1617:. 9 December 2015
1467:franciscodepajaro
1274:978-2-35906-366-0
1109:978-0-310-56182-8
964:, an art movement
528:Amboy, California
326:Later development
194:Alphonse Allais,
124:
112:clothing industry
16:(Redirected from
3744:
3722:Contemporary art
3694:
3693:
3685:
3633:Stolen paintings
3501:Sociology of art
3452:Economics of art
3303:Sculpture garden
3288:Artist-run space
3087:Social sculpture
2957:Installation art
2892:
2885:
2878:
2869:
2684:
2674:
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2492:Related artistic
2458:Imitation in art
2428:Assemblage (art)
2337:
2136:Combine painting
2124:
2109:Verbatim theatre
2084:Cut-up technique
1983:Music plagiarism
1921:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1879:
1862:Hopkins, David,
1786:
1785:
1768:
1762:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1734:. Archived from
1724:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1699:
1693:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1667:www.stuckism.com
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1519:The Music of Man
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1035:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1021:
994:
884:Tomoko Takahashi
824:Rodney McMillian
799:Paweł Kowalewski
574:musique concrète
546:
482:Oak Street Beach
455:Ashley Bickerton
407:movement and in
312:Walter Arensberg
254:coined the term
224:
122:
119:
98:he made a series
68:from the French
55:Alfred Stieglitz
21:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3688:
3680:
3678:
3673:
3659:Painting portal
3650:
3557:sculpture parks
3510:
3469:Elements of art
3437:Cultural policy
3379:
3331:Timeline of art
3317:
3308:Sculpture trail
3187:
3181:
3106:
3023:Performance art
2905:
2896:
2866:
2861:
2847:Pirate politics
2820:Derivative work
2773:
2771:
2764:
2687:
2682:
2672:
2659:
2648:
2646:
2639:
2635:Story structure
2630:Stock character
2610:Formula fiction
2598:
2596:
2595:Standard blocks
2589:
2495:
2493:
2482:
2411:
2383:
2332:
2322:
2281:
2210:Abridged series
2194:
2182:Michelangelo's
2174:Michelangelo's
2155:
2120:
2113:
2099:Jukebox musical
2067:
1912:
1906:
1814:defined by Tate
1794:
1789:
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1431:
1424:The Independent
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1114:
1112:
1110:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1048:. p. 259.
1046:Broadview Press
1037:
1036:
1032:
1019:
1017:
1015:
996:
995:
991:
987:
908:
903:
874:Kurt Schwitters
829:Louise Nevelson
775:Irma HĂĽnerfauth
745:Victoria Fuller
647:
641:
610:
602:Cosmo Sheldrake
600:. The musician
565:
474:
439:
434:
357:Francis Picabia
328:
249:
243:
218:
204:scholar's rocks
188:
182:
177:
135:Kurt Schwitters
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3750:
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3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3635:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3618:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3609:by nationality
3606:
3596:
3591:
3589:Modern artists
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
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3534:
3532:Art techniques
3529:
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3422:
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3420:
3418:deaccessioning
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3333:
3327:
3325:
3323:History of art
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3318:
3316:
3315:
3313:Virtual museum
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3305:
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3290:
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3254:
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3210:Art exhibition
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3108:
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3094:
3092:Soft sculpture
3089:
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2929:
2927:Conceptual art
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2763:
2762:
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2713:
2708:
2705:De Copia Rerum
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2417:
2416:Other concepts
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2242:
2240:Re-cut trailer
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2020:
2015:
2010:
2008:Plunderphonics
2005:
2000:
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1853:
1845:
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1832:
1825:
1815:
1808:"Found object"
1805:
1798:"Found object"
1793:
1792:External links
1790:
1788:
1787:
1763:
1749:
1719:
1708:
1694:
1672:
1653:
1628:
1602:
1577:
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1527:
1510:
1480:
1454:
1442:
1429:
1427:, 25 June 2001
1411:
1386:
1375:on 6 July 2011
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869:Daniel Spoerri
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
804:John Lefelhocz
801:
796:
791:
789:Nancy Kienholz
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
760:Louis Hirshman
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
730:Marcel Duchamp
727:
725:Jose de Creeft
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
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690:Joseph Cornell
687:
682:
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670:Guillaume Bijl
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609:
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564:
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548:
544:Arte es basura
473:
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451:Haim Steinbach
438:
435:
433:
430:
365:Jose de Creeft
327:
324:
252:Marcel Duchamp
245:Main article:
242:
239:
181:
178:
176:
173:
157:exhibition of
145:as opposed to
139:Haim Steinbach
94:Marcel Duchamp
44:Marcel Duchamp
26:
24:
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3:
2:
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3617:
3616:Photographers
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3590:
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3562:single artist
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3537:Art movements
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3523:
3522:Art magazines
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3519:
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3487:
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3462:art valuation
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3346:Art movements
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3341:Art manifesto
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3263:Arts festival
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3102:Artwork title
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3097:Stained glass
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2997:
2996:New media art
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2917:Appropriation
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2900:
2893:
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2857:Remix culture
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2755:Postmodernism
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2650:
2645:Epoch-marking
2642:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2620:Jazz standard
2618:
2616:
2615:Genre fiction
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2592:
2586:
2585:Western canon
2583:
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2570:Genre studies
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2298:Internet meme
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2250:Shot-for-shot
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2225:Found footage
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2038:Sound collage
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1399:Man Ray Photo
1396:
1395:"Gift (1921)"
1390:
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1369:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1351:
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1325:
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1323:The Blind Man
1319:
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1306:Baroness Elsa
1301:
1298:
1294:
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1289:Gammel, Irene
1284:
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1102:. p. 2.
1101:
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1006:
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844:Pablo Picasso
842:
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834:Nam June Paik
832:
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825:
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794:Joseph Kosuth
792:
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770:Lonnie Holley
768:
766:
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710:Marina DeBris
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703:
701:
700:Salvador DalĂ
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681:
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675:George Brecht
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634:
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578:
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570:
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553:
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525:
520:
516:
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513:Marina DeBris
510:
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494:
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316:Joseph Stella
313:
308:
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301:
297:
296:
295:The Blind Man
291:
290:Louise Norton
287:
283:
279:
278:
273:
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261:Bicycle Wheel
257:
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140:
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128:
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83:
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75:
71:
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52:
50:
45:
41:
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18:Found objects
3712:Found object
3552:most visited
3400:
3028:Plastic arts
2952:Found object
2951:
2770:Related non-
2742:
2735:
2728:
2717:
2703:
2692:Theorization
2677:
2667:
2654:
2533:
2448:Found object
2447:
2443:DĂ©tournement
2277:YouTube poop
2272:Video mashup
2220:Collage film
2183:
2175:
2166:
2094:Found poetry
2089:Flarf poetry
1998:Parody music
1978:Music mashup
1953:Contrafactum
1863:
1848:
1820:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1752:
1740:. Retrieved
1736:the original
1730:Fool's House
1729:
1722:
1711:
1702:
1697:
1687:
1675:
1666:
1661:Guru, Ella.
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1640:
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1614:
1605:
1593:. Retrieved
1589:
1580:
1568:. Retrieved
1564:
1555:
1536:
1530:
1518:
1513:
1501:. Retrieved
1493:
1483:
1471:. Retrieved
1469:(in Spanish)
1466:
1457:
1445:
1432:
1422:
1414:
1402:. Retrieved
1398:
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1373:the original
1368:Tate Gallery
1366:
1357:
1344:
1336:
1331:
1321:
1313:
1305:
1300:
1292:
1283:
1264:
1258:
1249:
1239:
1230:
1220:
1212:
1193:(1): 11–13.
1190:
1186:
1176:
1160:
1148:
1143:
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1122:
1120:
1113:. Retrieved
1094:
1087:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1059:. Retrieved
1040:
1033:
1025:
1018:. Retrieved
999:
992:
979:Sound object
973:Root carving
952:Found poetry
912:Altered book
894:Wolf Vostell
780:Jasper Johns
765:Damien Hirst
740:Tom Friedman
665:Joseph Beuys
655:Saâdane Afif
648:
625:
617:
611:
579:
572:
566:
536:
532:
504:
500:
498:
480:Junk art at
465:
459:
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440:
423:
417:
413:Joseph Beuys
402:
398:André Breton
394:
383:
377:
372:
360:
346:
334:
319:
305:Research by
304:
299:
293:
282:Irene Gammel
275:
265:
259:
255:
250:
230:
226:
216:Johann Naldi
213:
201:
195:
169:
162:
155:Turner Prize
151:Tate Gallery
146:
142:
131:
105:
101:
89:
73:
70:objet trouvé
69:
62:found object
61:
59:
47:
36:
3737:Repurposing
3696:Visual arts
3669:Arts portal
3542:Art museums
3457:art finance
3258:Arts centre
3222:Art gallery
3205:Art commune
3195:Art auction
3038:Printmaking
2967:Mixed media
2962:Kinetic art
2899:Visual arts
2837:Open source
2625:Plot device
2575:Originality
2558:Fan fiction
2423:After (art)
2379:Translation
2235:Parody film
2119:Visual arts
2048:Tribute act
1911:in the arts
1856:"READYMADE"
1812:"Readymade"
1802:"Readymade"
1742:7 September
1684:Ken Johnson
1646:8 September
809:Sarah Lucas
755:Genco Gulan
735:Tracey Emin
685:Greg Colson
493:Bobby Puleo
425:An Oak Tree
390:sugar cubes
336:An Oak Tree
298:discussing
274:. In 1917,
235:Incoherents
219: [
180:Antecedents
159:Tracey Emin
102:ready-mades
3727:Modern art
3706:Categories
3642:sculptures
3496:Provenance
3391:Art market
3298:Commission
3246:Art school
3234:Art museum
3200:Art colony
3188:and events
3048:street art
3043:Public art
2730:Nachahmung
2716:Dionysian
2656:L.H.O.O.Q.
2580:Simulacrum
2389:Adaptation
2369:Plagiarism
2303:Joke theft
2286:Other arts
2079:Assemblage
1941:Contrafact
1873:1118476182
1523:Y. Menuhin
1503:6 November
1473:3 February
1404:6 November
1379:6 November
1308:, 224–225.
1151:, Oxford:
985:References
922:Assemblage
864:Leo Sewell
814:David Mach
695:Tony Cragg
627:Daily Mail
524:Highway 66
462:Jeff Koons
447:Jeff Koons
380:assemblage
371:, such as
256:ready-made
184:See also:
3621:Sculptors
3527:Art media
3489:sculpture
3430:paintings
3351:Criticism
3133:paintings
3123:Collector
3055:Sculpture
2972:bricolage
2903:art world
2605:Archetype
2597:and forms
2553:Fan labor
2433:Bricolage
2374:Quotation
2262:TV format
2168:Mona Lisa
2063:Vaporwave
2058:Variation
2018:Quodlibet
2013:Potpourri
2003:Pasticcio
1993:Nightcore
1209:238719901
1123:found art
1100:Zondervan
1074:conferred
968:Happening
942:DĂ©collage
899:Paul Yore
720:Mark Divo
705:Jack Daws
633:Stuckists
608:Criticism
594:The Books
586:Radiohead
552:Paul Yore
501:trash art
472:Trash art
418:In 1973,
114:(French:
74:found art
3599:Painters
3484:painting
3396:The arts
3356:feminist
3293:Biennale
3033:Portrait
3018:Painting
2989:graffiti
2942:Fine art
2901:and the
2825:Fair use
2718:imitatio
2711:Diegesis
2535:Afflatus
2507:Anti-art
2494:concepts
2438:Citation
2402:Literary
2364:Pastiche
2349:Allusion
2333:concepts
2331:General
2257:Supercut
2043:Standard
2033:Sampling
1917:By field
1821:Fountain
1782:Archived
1595:21 March
1494:ABC News
1304:Gammel,
1250:Le Monde
1231:Le Monde
1171:Learning
1078:Fountain
917:Anti-art
906:See also
859:Joe Rush
750:Jim Gary
715:Jim Dine
590:Four Tet
563:In music
509:trashion
505:junk art
320:Fountain
300:Fountain
277:Fountain
186:Manuport
107:Fountain
92:(1912).
82:products
49:Fountain
3604:by name
3547:largest
3384:Related
3368:outline
3150:Curator
3138:frescos
3075:tallest
3060:carving
3011:virtual
3006:digital
3001:history
2937:Drawing
2922:Collage
2910:Artwork
2750:Pop art
2724:Mimesis
2668:Quixote
2468:Reprise
2407:Theatre
2293:In-joke
2267:Vidding
2131:Collage
1732:, 1962"
1621:2 March
1570:2 March
1463:"About"
1440:, 2009.
1352:, 1997.
1115:25 June
1061:25 June
1020:25 June
937:Collage
854:Man Ray
639:Artists
577:genre.
460:One of
409:pop art
373:Picador
353:Man Ray
209:erosion
175:History
147:not art
123:
3682:Portal
3626:female
3251:Europe
3186:Places
3175:Europe
3165:Patron
3155:Dealer
3145:Critic
3118:Artist
3070:statue
3065:relief
2984:fresco
2683:(2010)
2673:(1939)
2660:(1919)
2473:Satire
2463:Mashup
2453:Homage
2359:Parody
2354:Calque
2245:Remake
2028:Riddim
1973:Medley
1963:DJ mix
1871:
1543:
1271:
1207:
1106:
1052:
1011:
962:Fluxus
785:Edward
596:, and
556:kitsch
495:(2021)
453:, and
405:Fluxus
343:; 1973
164:My Bed
72:), or
66:calque
3515:Lists
3506:Style
3160:Model
3111:Roles
2979:Mural
2647:works
2565:Genre
2546:Muses
2184:PietĂ
2176:David
2151:Swipe
2104:Trope
2053:Trope
2023:Remix
1924:Music
1849:FAUND
1205:S2CID
660:Arman
598:Björk
526:near
369:Paris
223:]
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76:, is
2832:Meme
2699:Dada
2397:Film
1946:list
1869:ISBN
1810:and
1800:and
1744:2012
1648:2021
1623:2016
1597:2016
1572:2016
1541:ISBN
1517:See
1505:2022
1475:2021
1406:2022
1381:2022
1269:ISBN
1169:MoMA
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1104:ISBN
1063:2021
1050:ISBN
1022:2021
1009:ISBN
787:and
361:Gift
355:and
349:Dada
314:and
121:lit.
1682:by
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1195:doi
503:or
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