22:
66:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
52:
318:
This four civilizations model is not universally used and has come under criticism from some
Chinese historians in that the dates of the beginning of China's civilization does not place it in the first four.
314:
to develop. Human beings are clearly inseparable from water, but some historians believe that at the beginning of
Chinese civilization, it first occurred in the mountains and then expanded to river areas.
76:
291:). This view of civilization was also influenced by Japanese thinkers such as Fukuzawa Yukichi, Ukita Zautami and Kayahara Kazan, who in turn were influenced by the western concept of a
237:
recalled that Egami used to say that he coined the phrase. The first known occurrence of the phrase "four great civilizations" can be traced to a textbook titled
302:
into three ages: the river age, the sea age, and the ocean age. The Four Great
Ancient Civilizations originated in the river age and all of them developed along
487:
86:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
94:
116:
383:
and other aspects of knowledge that humans possess today can generally be traced back to the contributions of these ancient civilizations.
355:
basins have successively produced the world's Four Great
Ancient Civilizations. These four civilizations have successively entered the
268:
230:
217:
657:
698:
693:
688:
708:
422:. The state entities were born later. In ancient times, religious myths were used to strengthen monarchy. The ruler of Babylon
261:
158:
107:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Japanese Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
627:「世多謂文明起源於河流，吾謂吾國文明，實先發生于山嶽。蓋吾國地居大陸，人種之生，本不限於一地，其擁部眾而施號令者，必具居高臨下之勢，始可以控制多方。...其後漸次混合，謀便交通，始有開闢河流，製作舟楫之事。此事實之次序，固可以理測度者也。」見：
150:
306:. Scholars believe that they were all built near rivers because there were fixed water sources that made it easier for
450:
34:
703:
283:), he wrote "there are four motherlands of ancient civilizations on earth: China, India, Egypt, and Asia Minor" (
407:
102:
71:
123:
138:
292:
211:
The origins of the phrase are unclear. According to one theory, it originated with
Japanese archaeologist
192:
142:
411:
395:
299:
225:
628:
590:
466:
328:
457:. Civilizations in the Indus, Yellow and Mesopotamia river basins all used pottery wheels to make
482:
212:
610:
403:
269:
242:
180:
98:
602:
520:
284:
276:
470:
661:
511:[The Reformulation of Concepts and Intellectual Systems in Modern East Asia].
682:
439:
360:
352:
200:
188:
184:
176:
348:
257:
253:
639:
567:
332:
307:
249:), published by in 1952 by the Yamakawa Publishing Company, where Egami worked.
544:
508:
469:
earlier (or its practical application), while India invented Indian numerals (
376:
368:
364:
356:
614:
606:
423:
390:
systems of the Four Great
Ancient Civilizations, Egypt and Babylon adopted
195:. The concept is popularly used in Japan and China—for example in history
644:
446:
427:
399:
311:
196:
458:
454:
435:
431:
391:
372:
231:
105:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
642:
Is China Really One of the So-called Four Great
Ancient Civilizations?
524:
419:
387:
344:
166:
340:
303:
218:
415:
336:
63:
380:
15:
591:"中国近現代における文明史観の受容と展開 : 兼ねて「四大文明」説の由来を論ず (特集 : 文明)"
462:
75:
to this template: there are already 1,136 articles in the
445:
The Four Great
Ancient Civilizations all have their own
55:
a machine-translated version of the
Japanese article.
256:, a Chinese intellectual that lived during the late
59:
568:"この歴史用語--誕生秘話と生育史の謎を解く--「四大文明」は江上波夫氏が発案した造語だった!"
252:Another theory is that the term originates with
449:, each year is divided into 12 months and has
438:", and the Chinese monarch claimed to be the "
101:accompanying your translation by providing an
46:Click for important translation instructions.
33:expand this article with text translated from
8:
488:Five thousand years of Chinese civilization
461:. Egypt and Mesopotamia both calculated
499:
327:Between 7000 and 5000 years ago in the
263:Song of the Pacific in the 20th Century
80:
7:
538:
536:
534:
453:. Each civilization created its own
465:earlier, and China discovered the
14:
260:. Specifically, in his 1900 poem
414:. Each civilization had its own
199:—but not generally known in the
147:Four Great Ancient Civilizations
20:
426:claimed to be "descendants of
191:, which are identified as the
171:
162:
154:
111:You may also add the template
1:
430:", and the ancient Egyptian
545:"近代中国における「文明」――明治日本の学術と梁啓超"
509:"近代中国における「文明」――明治日本の学術と梁啓超"
124:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
83:will aid in categorization.
725:
434:claimed to be "the son of
289:地球上古文明祖國有四：中國、印度、埃及、小亞細亞是也
58:Machine translation, like
298:Liang Qichao divided the
288:
280:
246:
35:the corresponding article
408:Spring and Autumn period
398:, and China adopted the
394:, India implemented the
113:{{Translated|ja|世界四大文明}}
699:Historiography of India
694:Historiography of Egypt
689:Historiography of China
629:《中國文化史》（柳詒徵）第一章 中國人種之起源
607:10.14989/shirin_102_152
363:, and then entered the
347:basins, as well as the
193:cradles of civilization
122:For more guidance, see
709:Cradle of civilization
293:cradle of civilization
143:Chinese historiography
589:石川, 禎浩 (2019-01-31).
566:淳志, 村井 (April 2009).
543:川尻, 文彦 (2010-03-25).
507:川尻, 文彦 (2010-03-25).
412:Warring States period
239:Revised World History
95:copyright attribution
658:"天文学家的发明 阿拉伯数字起源于印度"
300:history of the world
172:Sì Dà Wénmíng Gǔ Guó
467:Pythagorean theorem
329:Northern Hemisphere
159:traditional Chinese
647:, January 5, 2006.
549:東アジア近代における概念と知の再編成
513:東アジア近代における概念と知の再編成
483:Civilization state
151:simplified Chinese
103:interlanguage link
704:Ancient Near East
525:10.15055/00002488
404:well-field system
135:
134:
47:
43:
716:
673:
672:
670:
669:
660:. Archived from
654:
648:
637:
631:
625:
619:
618:
586:
580:
579:
563:
557:
556:
540:
529:
528:
504:
290:
282:
274:
271:
248:
236:
233:
226:Masaaki Sugiyama
224:; his colleague
223:
220:
173:
164:
156:
114:
108:
82:
81:|topic=
79:, and specifying
64:Google Translate
45:
41:
24:
23:
16:
724:
723:
719:
718:
717:
715:
714:
713:
679:
678:
677:
676:
667:
665:
656:
655:
651:
638:
634:
626:
622:
597:(in Japanese).
588:
587:
583:
574:(in Japanese).
565:
564:
560:
551:(in Japanese).
542:
541:
532:
515:(in Japanese).
506:
505:
501:
496:
479:
471:Arabic numerals
325:
266:
228:
215:
209:
131:
130:
129:
112:
106:
48:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
722:
720:
712:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
681:
680:
675:
674:
649:
632:
620:
601:(1): 152–187.
581:
558:
530:
498:
497:
495:
492:
491:
490:
485:
478:
475:
367:. Much of the
324:
321:
208:
205:
133:
132:
128:
127:
120:
109:
87:
84:
72:adding a topic
67:
56:
49:
30:
29:
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
721:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
686:
684:
664:on 2009-11-26
663:
659:
653:
650:
646:
643:
640:
636:
633:
630:
624:
621:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
585:
582:
578:(4): 116–121.
577:
573:
569:
562:
559:
554:
550:
546:
539:
537:
535:
531:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
503:
500:
493:
489:
486:
484:
481:
480:
476:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
440:Son of Heaven
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
400:feudal system
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
361:Neolithic Age
358:
354:
353:Yangtze River
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
322:
320:
316:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
286:
278:
272:
265:
264:
259:
255:
250:
244:
240:
234:
227:
221:
214:
206:
204:
202:
201:western world
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
168:
160:
152:
148:
144:
140:
125:
121:
118:
110:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
85:
78:
77:main category
74:
73:
68:
65:
61:
57:
54:
51:
50:
44:
38:
36:
31:You can help
27:
18:
17:
666:. Retrieved
662:the original
652:
641:
635:
623:
598:
594:
584:
575:
571:
561:
552:
548:
516:
512:
502:
444:
396:caste system
385:
349:Yellow River
326:
317:
297:
262:
258:Qing dynasty
254:Liang Qichao
251:
238:
210:
170:
146:
136:
99:edit summary
90:
70:
40:
32:
451:leap months
406:before the
333:Mesopotamia
308:agriculture
267: [
229: [
216: [
213:Namio Egami
181:Mesopotamia
42:(June 2024)
37:in Japanese
683:Categories
668:2009-11-26
555:: 131–160.
494:References
386:Among the
377:literature
369:philosophy
357:Bronze Age
615:0386-9369
447:calendars
424:Hammurabi
365:Metal Age
359:from the
197:textbooks
117:talk page
69:Consider
645:Sohu.com
477:See also
428:Moon God
410:and the
402:and the
323:Overview
312:commerce
281:二十世纪太平洋歌
270:Wikidata
243:Japanese
232:Wikidata
219:Wikidata
139:Japanese
93:provide
519:: 154.
459:pottery
455:writing
436:Sun God
432:Pharaoh
420:legends
392:slavery
373:science
285:Chinese
277:Chinese
175:) were
115:to the
97:in the
39:.
613:
388:social
345:Ganges
331:, the
304:rivers
287::
279::
207:Origin
187:, and
169::
167:pinyin
163:四大文明古國
161::
155:四大文明古国
153::
145:, the
572:社会科教育
416:myths
341:Indus
273:]
247:再訂世界史
235:]
222:]
189:China
185:India
177:Egypt
60:DeepL
611:ISSN
418:and
351:and
337:Nile
310:and
141:and
91:must
89:You
53:View
603:doi
599:102
521:doi
473:).
442:".
381:art
203:.
137:In
62:or
685::
609:.
595:史林
593:.
576:46
570:.
553:35
547:.
533:^
517:35
463:pi
379:,
375:,
371:,
343:,
339:,
335:,
295:.
245::
183:,
179:,
165:;
157:;
671:.
617:.
605::
527:.
523::
275:(
241:(
149:(
126:.
119:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.