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Cross People's Lane) was renamed "FÇndĂŹlĂč" (Anti-Imperialist Road), "BÄihÇigĆngyuĂĄn" (North Sea Park) was renamed "GĆngnĂłngbÄ«nggĆngyuĂĄn" (Worker-Peasant-Soldier Park) and "JÇngshÄngĆngyuĂĄn" (Mountain View Park) became "HĂłngwĂšibÄ«nggĆngyuĂĄn" (Red Guards Park). Most of the
Cultural Revolution-era name changes were later reversed.
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A 1968 map of
Beijing showing streets and landmarks renamed during the Cultural Revolution. "ÄndĂŹngmĂ©nnĂšidĂ jiÄ" (Stability Gate Inner Street) became "DĂ yuĂšjĂŹnlĂč" (Great Leap Forward Road), "TĂĄijÄ«chÇngdĂ jiÄ" (Taiji Factory Street) became "YÇnggĂ©lĂč" (Perpetually Ousting Road), "DĆngjiÄomĂnxiĂ ng" (East
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During and after the
Cultural Revolution, efforts were made to protect Chinese cultural artifacts. Shanghai officials intervened in Red Guard house searches, relocating items to safety and documenting those that couldn't be moved for future restoration. Post-Cultural Revolution, there was a renewed
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Campaigns of 'class eradication' became more radical during the
Cultural Revolution (1966â76) and had a disastrous effect on ethnic culture. Ethnic traditions were seen as part of the 'four olds' (old ideas, customs, culture and habits; in Chinese, sijiu) that had to be
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No official statistics have ever been produced by the
Communist party in terms of reporting the actual cost of damage. By 1978, many stories of death and destruction caused by the Cultural Revolution had leaked out of China and became known worldwide.
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328:. He argues that in a time of increasing political pluralization, the Party sought to channel student activism towards obvious class enemies and less relevant objectives to make it easier for the Party to contain the situation.
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effort to preserve cultural heritage, with initiatives like the Lost
Cultural Relics Recovery Program and the establishment of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage to protect and manage historical sites and artifacts.
248:, "fostered by the exploiting classes, have poisoned the minds of the people for thousands of years". However, which customs, cultures, habits, and ideas specifically constituted the "Four Olds" were never clearly defined.
78:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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The
Chinese government stopped short of endorsing the physical destruction of products. In fact, the government protected significant archaeological discoveries made during the Cultural Revolution, such as the
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Many artists and other cultural professionals were persecuted by vigilantes, although some cultural advances came about because of the period, including the integration of "new" western instruments and
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Calls to destroy the "Four Olds" usually did not appear in isolation, but were contrasted with the hope of building the "Four News" (new customs, new culture, new habits, new ideas).
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Ma, Aiping; Si, Lina; Zhang, Hongfei (2009), "The evolution of cultural tourism: The example of Qufu, the birthplace of
Confucius", in Ryan, Chris; Gu, Huimin (eds.),
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of 1966, shortly after the onset of the
Cultural Revolution, the Red Guards' campaign to destroy the Four Olds began amid the massacres being carried out in Beijing.
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was removed from its grave and hung naked from a tree in front of the palace during the desecration of the cemetery in the
Cultural Revolution.
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Ethnic languages were repudiated as one of the "four olds" and large numbers of books and documents pertaining to ethnic languages were burned.
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Chunli, Xia (2007). "From Discourse Politics to Rule of Law: A Constructivist Framework for Understanding Regional Ethnic Autonomy in China".
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that they were attempting to destroy. The Four Olds were 'old ideas', 'old culture', 'old customs', and 'old habits'. During the
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Across China, signs bearing old road names were vandalized. The first things to change were the names of streets and stores: "
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A frieze damaged during the Cultural Revolution, originally from a garden house of a rich imperial official in Suzhou
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were labeled as part of the Four Olds and texts in ethnic languages were burned. Bilingual education was suppressed.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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was responsible for China's economic backwardness and needed to be reformed had some precedent in the
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as their revolutionary headquarters in Shanghai, renaming it the "Anti-Imperialism Street".
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against the Red Guards. After this incident, Zhou attempted to create a more peaceful
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1428:(1995). The Red Mirror: Children of China's Cultural Revolution. Westview Press.
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Other manifestations of the Red Guard campaign included giving speeches, posting
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The campaign to Destroy the Four Olds and Cultivate the Four News (Chinese:
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Wu, Jiaping (May 2014). "The Rise of Ethnicity under China's Market Reforms".
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Hunan Provincial Proletarian Revolutionary Great Alliance Committee
284:(1919), and was also encouraged by colonial authorities during the
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Elements of Chinese culture purged during Mao's Cultural Revolution
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List of buildings damaged or destroyed in the September 11 attacks
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Damage to heritage sites in the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip
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448:, when it was visited and vandalized by a team of Red Guards from
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Counterattack the Right-Deviationist Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend
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A Glossary of Political Terms of The People's Republic of China
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Churches destroyed in the Great Fire of London and not rebuilt
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The Battle for China's Past: Mao and the Cultural Revolution
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Newborn socialist things : materiality in Maoist China
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were said to struggle against the Four Olds. The idea that
885:"Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966"
859:(2nd ill. ed.). New York: W. W. Norton. p. 575.
410:, "Following the Revolution") and Weidong (ć«äž, "Safeguard
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In Beijing, the name of the road where the embassy of the
1207:"7 questions about China's Cultural Revolution answered"
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The term "Four Olds" first appeared on June 1, 1966, in
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Tourism in China: destination, cultures and communities
452:, led by Tan Houlan. The corpse of the 76th-generation
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in Beijing was renamed the "Palace of Blood and Tears".
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Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
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Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
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Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State
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Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia
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Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction
1723:. Berkshire Publishing Group, 2009. pp. 108â109.
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was renamed "Anti-Imperialist Hospital" by Red Guards
472:. Upon learning that Red Guards were approaching the
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Artworks lost or damaged in the September 11 attacks
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Damage to heritage sites during the Russian invasion
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Damage to heritage sites during the Syrian civil war
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Artworks lost or damaged in the 2023 Congress attack
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International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
1074:"The Cultural Revolution: A Very Short Introduction"
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ordered the gates shut immediately and deployed the
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1392:Macfarquhar, Roderick; Schoenhals, Michael (2008).
4719:Library damage in the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
4455:Damage to heritage sites in 21st-century conflicts
1562:International Journal on Minority and Group Rights
1446:
1274:"A PROBLEM FOR THE CHINESE: MILLIONS OF NAMESAKES"
4103:Central Organization and Propaganda Leading Group
4634:Landmarks destroyed or damaged by climate change
4186:List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
2410:Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun
753:List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
269:magazine, as well as to Red Guard publications.
253:Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
749:, as part of the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre
488:for the Red Guards, with the support of cadres
244:", where the Old Things were described as anti-
2844:Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent
2838:Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire
571:Attacks on ethnic minorities and book burnings
113:accompanying your translation by providing an
62:Click for important translation instructions.
49:expand this article with text translated from
4555:Demolished buildings and structures in London
4265:
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3025:Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc
2832:Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire
2477:
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1106:Cultural Revolution and revolutionary culture
612:The remains of the 8th century Buddhist monk
523:In later stages of the campaign, examples of
496:. This plan was foiled by the ultra-leftists
405:
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263:at a mass rally, and from there it spread to
8:
3147:Violence against Hindus in independent India
1453:. Brookfield, MN: Millsbrook Press. p.
616:were attacked during the Cultural Revolution
394:Many people across China also changed their
4500:Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites
3906:Sweep Away All Cow Demons and Snake Spirits
3359:Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh
2874:Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent
632:was attacked by Red Guards in November 1966
398:to revolutionary slogans, such as Zhihong (
376:, was renamed "Anti-Imperialist Hospital".
242:Sweep Away All Cow Demons and Snake Spirits
4545:20th-century destruction of country houses
4430:Destruction of the Shrine of Husayn's Head
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1240:"PEKING HOSPITAL TAKES BACK PRE-1949 NAME"
543:Personal harassment and private properties
444:was attacked in November 1966, during the
357:Road" to "Red Guards Road", and so forth.
2994:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
2370:The East wind prevails over the West wind
1166:
520:from being replaced with statues of Mao.
4788:Campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
4661:Tallest voluntarily demolished buildings
4420:Destruction of country houses, 1919â1923
4211:3rd Plenum of the 11th Central Committee
1272:Wren, Christopher S. (9 December 1984).
942:. Chinese University Press. p. 427.
741:Burning of books and burying of scholars
335:
259:. The term was endorsed on August 18 by
4798:Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party
4375:Iconoclasm during the French Revolution
2958:French Revolutionary dechristianisation
819:
764:
747:Destruction of the Goddess of Democracy
586:
2904:Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain
92:
4808:Persecution of intellectuals in China
4410:Destruction of Mosul Museum artifacts
3153:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
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1400:. Harvard University Press. pp.
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827:Melville, Sheila (7 September 2011).
658:Peking Union Medical College Hospital
370:Peking Union Medical College Hospital
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1149:Howlett, Jonathan J. (August 2022).
1072:Kraus, Richard Curt (January 2012).
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732:1989 Mao portrait vandalism incident
551:, and harassment of people, such as
4803:Religious persecution by communists
4395:Disappeared statues in Tehran, 2010
3297:Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War
3247:Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh
3159:Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
2952:Christianization of the SĂĄmi people
1761:Marxist phraseology and terminology
1317:from the original on 10 March 2023.
912:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
897:from the original on 17 April 2020.
4330:Bangabandhu Memorial Museum attack
3605:Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius
1615:from the original on 27 April 2016
968:University of South Carolina Press
202:) refer to categories used by the
25:
3141:Violence against Muslims in India
3135:Persecution of Hindus in Pakistan
3081:Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses
2011:Commanding heights of the economy
1877:Primitive accumulation of capital
292:Campaign to destroy the Four Olds
4530:Demolition of monuments to Lenin
4440:Destruction of Albanian heritage
4365:Looting of the Eastern Mausoleum
4234:
4233:
4169:Mao Zedong's cult of personality
4015:Learn from Dazhai in agriculture
3545:Down to the Countryside Movement
3517:Seven Thousand Cadres Conference
3436:
2425:Revolution is not a dinner party
2395:Whole-process people's democracy
1535:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2012.01179.x
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734:, vandalism of the portrait of
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4445:Destruction of Serbian heritage
3899:Six Articles of Public Security
3413:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel
3383:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
2322:Uneven and combined development
1837:Dictatorship of the proletariat
1483:Chinese Education & Society
1369:. The Spectator. Archived from
159:
4560:Churches in the City of London
4350:Monuments removed in 2020â2022
4138:Worker-Peasant-Soldier student
4098:Central Case Examination Group
3580:One Strike-Three Anti Campaign
3401:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings
3371:Genocide of Christians by ISIL
3105:Communist Romanian persecution
2091:Socially necessary labour time
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4572:Public art formerly in London
4148:Xiang River Storm and Thunder
4010:Learn from Daqing in industry
3885:Hai Rui Dismissed from Office
3419:2024 Istanbul church shooting
3395:Christchurch mosque shootings
3183:Religious violence in Nigeria
3177:Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria
2451:People's Multiparty Democracy
2001:Capitalist mode of production
1986:Critique of political economy
1817:Capitalist mode of production
853:Spence, Jonathan D. (1999) .
349:Clothes Store" to "Defending
4360:Destruction of the Four Olds
3965:Continuous Revolution Theory
3955:Cow demons and snake spirits
3878:Quotations from Chairman Mao
3522:Socialist Education Movement
3309:War crimes in the Kosovo War
3099:Communist Polish persecution
2970:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war
2898:Crusades against schismatics
2365:Continuous revolution theory
2086:Socialist mode of production
1942:Workers of the world, unite!
1917:Socialist mode of production
1882:Proletarian internationalism
216:Chinese Communist Revolution
210:to characterize elements of
2081:Simple commodity production
856:The Search for Modern China
829:"China's Reluctant Emperor"
404:, "Determined Red"), Jige (
95:will aid in categorization.
4824:
2350:Antagonistic contradiction
2297:Degenerated workers' state
1634:Jeni Hung (5 April 2003).
1365:Jeni Hung (5 April 2003).
1103:Russo, Alessandro (2020).
1007:Coderre, Laurence (2021).
908:Law, Kam-yee, ed. (2003).
689:
577:ethnic minorities in China
527:were destroyed, classical
421:
295:
70:Machine translation, like
4727:
4687:Works by Vincent van Gogh
4229:
4093:Cultural Revolution Group
3550:Cleansing the Class Ranks
3433:
3341:South Thailand insurgency
3317:Walisongo school massacre
3285:Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus
2934:Expulsion of the Moriscos
2910:European wars of religion
2179:General line of the party
1902:Revolutionary spontaneity
1699:10.1017/S0305741011000713
1495:10.2753/CED1061-193234027
1445:Kort, Michael G. (1994).
1205:Ou, Jason (13 May 2016).
1168:10.1017/S0963926821000249
890:. University of Chicago.
575:Languages and customs of
450:Beijing Normal University
406:
400:
372:, founded in 1921 by the
320:on August 19 during the "
51:the corresponding article
4639:Museums destroyed by war
4143:May Seventh Cadre School
3935:Newborn socialist things
3871:Bombard the Headquarters
3681:Shaoyang County Massacre
3615:1975 Banqiao Dam failure
2731:Extrajudicial punishment
2244:Socialism in one country
2204:Political rehabilitation
1574:10.1163/138548707X247392
1311:China Heritage Quarterly
1057:. Pluto Press. pp.
482:People's Liberation Army
332:The "re-naming" campaign
286:Second Sino-Japanese War
274:Newborn socialist things
4490:Looting in World War II
4113:Revolutionary committee
3663:Inner Mongolia incident
3630:1976 Tiananmen Incident
3600:Black Painting incident
3565:February Countercurrent
3424:Crocus City Hall attack
3171:Persecution of Tibetans
2928:French Wars of Religion
2850:Yellow Turban Rebellion
2420:Revolutionary base area
2380:MarxismâLeninismâMaoism
2292:Deformed workers' state
2071:Relations of production
1991:Accumulation of capital
1971:Sociology and economics
1787:Base and superstructure
1767:Philosophy and politics
1636:"Children of Confucius"
1367:"Children of confucius"
1307:"Tear Down the Palace!"
326:Chinese Communist Party
134:For more guidance, see
4732:Archaeological looting
4405:Archaeological looting
4083:May Sixteenth elements
3497:Anti-Rightist Campaign
3377:Iraqi Turkmen genocide
3353:Maspero demonstrations
3201:Huáșż Pháșt ÄáșŁn shootings
2239:Socialist accumulation
1887:Proletarian revolution
1842:Historical materialism
1719:Dolan, Thomas (2009).
1681:Ho, Denise Y. (2011).
743:, 3rd century BC China
514:Chinese guardian lions
437:
374:Rockefeller Foundation
342:
169:
4677:Art theft and looting
4485:Destruction of Warsaw
4118:8341 Special Regiment
4025:Five Black Categories
3691:Zhao Jianmin Spy Case
3625:1976 Nanjing incident
3347:Boko Haram insurgency
3006:Pontic Greek genocide
2916:OttomanâHabsburg wars
2726:Extrajudicial killing
2493:Religious persecution
2159:Democratic centralism
1802:Bourgeois nationalism
1449:China Under Communism
1396:Mao's Last Revolution
1111:Duke University Press
1015:Duke University Press
630:Cemetery of Confucius
549:big-character posters
535:were torn apart, and
442:Cemetery of Confucius
431:
339:
302:Five Black Categories
257:8th National Congress
255:used the term at its
152:
136:Knowledge:Translation
125:{{Translated|zh|ç Žćæ§}}
107:copyright attribution
4051:Conservative Faction
3980:One Divides into Two
3950:Big-character poster
3502:Great Chinese Famine
3329:September 11 attacks
3265:1984 anti-Sikh riots
3129:Rawalpindi massacres
3075:White Terror (Spain)
2886:Massacre at Ayyadieh
2771:Population cleansing
2400:One Divides Into Two
2307:Permanent revolution
2264:Democracy in Marxism
2224:Revolutionary terror
2021:Commodity production
2006:Crisis of capitalism
1912:Scientific socialism
1807:Bourgeois revolution
976:10.2307/j.ctv10tq3n6
672:A damaged statue of
525:Chinese architecture
4783:Cultural Revolution
4617:Destroyed libraries
4510:Destroyed landmarks
4030:Five Red Categories
3892:May 16 Notification
3595:10th Party Congress
3483:Cultural Revolution
3241:Bangladesh genocide
3221:Cultural Revolution
3213:Xå Lợi Pagoda raids
2976:Circassian genocide
2862:Rhineland massacres
2776:Population transfer
2741:Forced displacement
2548:Jehovah's Witnesses
2317:Transitional demand
2184:National liberation
2169:Enemy of the people
2051:Means of production
1812:Bourgeois socialism
1797:Bourgeois democracy
1687:The China Quarterly
1608:Asiaweek, Volume 10
1354:Asiaweek, Volume 10
686:Appraisal of damage
596:This statue of the
466:Leshan Giant Buddha
446:Cultural Revolution
282:May Fourth Movement
208:Cultural Revolution
186:traditional Chinese
153:The remains of the
4793:Maoist terminology
4682:Restitution claims
4644:Napoleonic looting
4607:Attacks on museums
4385:Bombing of Dresden
4320:Destruction of art
4206:Morning Sun (film)
4181:Great Leap Forward
4071:Ultra-Left Faction
4020:Stinking Old Ninth
3668:Guangdong Massacre
3575:9th Party Congress
3527:Taoyuan Experience
3507:Great Leap Forward
3335:2002 Gujarat riots
3259:Cambodian genocide
3253:Lebanese Civil War
3031:Soviet persecution
2868:Jerusalem massacre
2781:Sectarian violence
2766:Political violence
2430:Social imperialism
2254:Social imperialism
2194:People's democracy
2126:Worker cooperative
2066:Production for use
2056:Mode of production
1907:Revolutionary wave
1872:Petite bourgeoisie
1782:Barracks communism
1426:Madsen, Richard P.
1278:The New York Times
1244:The New York Times
1049:Gao, Mobo (2008).
970:. pp. 61â62.
833:The New York Times
492:, Li Fuchuan, and
438:
414:or Protect Mao").
343:
178:simplified Chinese
170:
166:Ming dynasty tombs
115:interlanguage link
4770:
4769:
4707:
4706:
4294:cultural heritage
4247:
4246:
4196:Sino-Soviet split
4056:Little Red Guards
4000:Capitalist roader
3990:Eight model plays
3687:Yunnan Massacres
3610:Hangzhou incident
3590:Lin Biao incident
3512:Lushan Conference
3449:
3448:
3389:Rohingya genocide
3117:Direct Action Day
3069:Ć ahoviÄi massacre
3019:Armenian genocide
3013:Assyrian genocide
2900:(13thâ15th cent.)
2894:(12thâ16th cent.)
2892:Northern Crusades
2736:Forced conversion
2686:Cultural genocide
2681:Communal violence
2558:postâCold War era
2543:Eastern Orthodoxy
2459:
2458:
2360:Capitalist roader
2312:Social revolution
2154:Central Committee
2061:Productive forces
2026:Dominant ideology
1922:Super-imperialism
1857:Lumpenproletariat
1341:978-0-415-99189-6
1211:The Straits Times
1120:978-1-4780-1218-4
1024:978-1-4780-2161-2
985:978-1-64336-147-5
962:Lu, Xing (2004).
919:978-0-333-73835-1
866:978-0-393-97351-8
539:were desecrated.
533:Chinese paintings
518:Tian'anmen Square
353:Clothes Store", "
313:PĂČ SĂŹjiĂč LĂŹ SĂŹxÄ«n
251:On August 8, the
147:
146:
63:
59:
16:(Redirected from
4815:
4762:Vandalism of art
4307:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4251:
4237:
4236:
3975:Violent Struggle
3970:Seizure of power
3960:Bloodline theory
3940:Struggle session
3913:On Class Origins
3696:Shadian incident
3676:Daoxian massacre
3672:Hunan Massacres
3658:Guangxi Massacre
3476:
3469:
3462:
3453:
3441:
3440:
3407:2020 Delhi riots
3323:Kosheh massacres
3303:Bosnian genocide
3123:1946 Bihar riots
2786:Social cleansing
2711:Ethnic cleansing
2486:
2479:
2472:
2463:
2435:Struggle session
2355:Anti-revisionism
2332:World revolution
2259:Soviet democracy
2144:Anti-revisionism
2136:MarxistâLeninist
2106:Subject of labor
2036:Free association
1979:
1962:World revolution
1952:Workers' control
1947:Workers' council
1932:Two-stage theory
1775:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1732:
1725:
1724:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1678:
1672:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1646:on 21 March 2006
1642:. Archived from
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1452:
1442:
1436:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1399:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1373:on 21 March 2006
1362:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1202:
1193:
1186:
1180:
1170:
1146:
1133:
1132:
1100:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1046:
1037:
1036:
1004:
998:
997:
959:
944:
943:
935:
924:
923:
905:
899:
898:
896:
889:
877:
871:
870:
850:
844:
843:
841:
839:
824:
807:
805:
800:
796:
791:
787:
782:
778:
773:
769:
726:
721:
720:
719:
669:
653:
641:
625:
609:
593:
409:
408:
403:
402:
381:Huangpu district
366:Anti-revisionism
314:
309:
200:
191:
183:
163:
162: 1572â1620
161:
126:
120:
94:
93:|topic=
91:, and specifying
76:Google Translate
61:
57:
40:
39:
32:
21:
4823:
4822:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4737:Art destruction
4723:
4703:
4665:
4595:
4541:United Kingdom
4302:
4296:
4278:
4248:
4243:
4225:
4221:Scar literature
4216:Boluan Fanzheng
4152:
4133:Barefoot doctor
4123:Sent-down youth
4076:Xiaoyao Faction
4034:
3918:
3858:
3707:
3703:Ruijin Massacre
3651:Daxing Massacre
3634:
3533:
3485:
3480:
3450:
3445:
3435:
3429:
3365:Yazidi genocide
3271:Revival Process
3207:ThĂch QuáșŁng Äức
3195:Buddhist crisis
3189:Istanbul pogrom
3057:1970–1987
3052:1958–1964
3047:1928–1941
3042:1921–1928
3037:1917–1921
2922:Goa Inquisition
2856:Battle of Tours
2846:(c.550âc. 1200)
2840:(c. 324âc. 491)
2820:
2721:Ethnic violence
2716:Ethnic conflict
2664:
2663:
2662:
2617:minority Muslim
2499:
2490:
2460:
2455:
2439:
2336:
2278:
2130:
1973:
1972:
1966:
1957:World communism
1827:Commodification
1769:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1729:
1728:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1246:. 9 June 1985.
1238:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1148:
1147:
1136:
1121:
1113:. p. 157.
1102:
1101:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1078:Oxford Academic
1071:
1070:
1066:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1025:
1006:
1005:
1001:
986:
961:
960:
947:
937:
936:
927:
920:
907:
906:
902:
894:
887:
879:
878:
874:
867:
852:
851:
847:
837:
835:
826:
825:
821:
816:
811:
810:
770:
766:
761:
722:
717:
715:
712:
703:
694:
692:Boluan Fanzheng
688:
683:
676:
670:
661:
654:
645:
642:
633:
626:
617:
610:
601:
594:
585:
573:
545:
537:Chinese temples
486:code of conduct
470:Terracotta Army
426:
420:
334:
304:
294:
278:Chinese culture
228:
212:Chinese culture
158:
143:
142:
141:
124:
118:
64:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4821:
4819:
4811:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4775:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4627:Body snatching
4619:
4614:
4609:
4603:
4601:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4552:
4550:Baedeker Blitz
4547:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4514:
4513:
4512:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4407:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4313:
4311:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4254:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4191:Class struggle
4188:
4183:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4166:
4160:
4158:
4157:Related topics
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4088:Five Man Group
4085:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4066:Scarlet Guards
4063:
4058:
4053:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3985:Democracy Wall
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3945:Feudal fascism
3942:
3937:
3932:
3926:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3755:
3753:Zhang Chunqiao
3750:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3570:Wuhan incident
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3456:
3447:
3446:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3391:(2016âongoing)
3386:
3385:(2014âongoing)
3380:
3374:
3373:(2014âongoing)
3368:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3349:(2009âongoing)
3344:
3343:(2004âongoing)
3338:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3249:(1971âongoing)
3244:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3230:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3192:
3186:
3185:(1953âongoing)
3180:
3174:
3173:(1950âongoing)
3168:
3167:(1949âongoing)
3162:
3156:
3150:
3149:(1947âongoing)
3144:
3143:(1947âongoing)
3138:
3137:(1947âongoing)
3132:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3111:Noakhali riots
3108:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3000:Greek genocide
2997:
2991:
2988:Adana massacre
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2852:(c.184âc. 205)
2847:
2841:
2835:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2801:State religion
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2706:Discrimination
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2658:Zoroastrianism
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2580:Untouchability
2577:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2497:discrimination
2491:
2489:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2466:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2249:Social fascism
2246:
2241:
2236:
2234:Self-criticism
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2214:Real socialism
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2031:Exchange value
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1892:Pure communism
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1867:Metabolic rift
1864:
1862:Means of labor
1859:
1854:
1852:Liquidationism
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1822:Class struggle
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1735:
1727:
1726:
1711:
1673:
1657:
1626:
1598:
1568:(4): 399â424.
1552:
1529:(3): 967â984.
1511:
1470:
1463:
1437:
1417:
1410:
1384:
1357:
1346:
1340:
1320:
1298:
1264:
1231:
1194:
1161:(3): 612â630.
1134:
1119:
1090:
1064:
1038:
1023:
999:
984:
945:
925:
918:
900:
872:
865:
845:
818:
817:
815:
812:
809:
808:
763:
762:
760:
757:
756:
755:
750:
744:
738:
728:
727:
711:
708:
702:
699:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
677:
671:
664:
662:
655:
648:
646:
643:
636:
634:
627:
620:
618:
611:
604:
602:
598:Yongle Emperor
595:
588:
584:
581:
572:
569:
544:
541:
512:City" and the
506:Zhang Chunqiao
474:Forbidden City
434:Forbidden City
419:
416:
333:
330:
310:; pinyin:
293:
290:
237:People's Daily
227:
224:
145:
144:
140:
139:
132:
121:
99:
96:
84:adding a topic
79:
68:
65:
46:
45:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4820:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4752:Lost artworks
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4726:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4622:Grave robbery
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4579:United States
4577:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4496:Saudi Arabia
4495:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4465:Benin Bronzes
4463:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4275:
4270:
4268:
4263:
4261:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4240:
4232:
4231:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4201:Two Whatevers
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4061:Rebel Faction
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3995:Loyalty dance
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:Wang Dongxing
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3739:Deng Xiaoping
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3560:January Storm
3558:
3556:
3555:12-3 incident
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3477:
3472:
3470:
3465:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3444:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:Yugoslav Wars
3289:
3286:
3283:
3278:
3277:Big Excursion
3275:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3087:The Holocaust
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2982:Dungan Revolt
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2796:State atheism
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:Deprogramming
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2643:Protestantism
2641:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:LDS or Mormon
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2482:
2480:
2475:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2390:New Democracy
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2209:Popular front
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2111:Surplus value
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2101:Social murder
2099:
2097:
2096:Socialization
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1765:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1722:
1715:
1712:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1670:0-415-11917-0
1667:
1661:
1658:
1645:
1641:
1640:The Spectator
1637:
1630:
1627:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1464:9781562944506
1460:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:0-8133-2488-2
1431:
1427:
1424:Wen, Chihua.
1421:
1418:
1413:
1411:9780674027480
1407:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1388:
1385:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1265:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:Urban History
1152:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1097:
1095:
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3233:Famen Temple
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3223:(1966â1976)
3033:(1922â1991)
3002:(1913â1922)
2533:Christianity
2523:BahĂĄÊŒĂ Faith
2405:People's war
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2327:United front
2269:United front
2076:Ruling class
2041:Law of value
1937:Wage slavery
1927:Theoretician
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4282:destruction
4005:Yiku sitian
3854:Ye Jianying
3849:Hua Guofeng
3844:Mao Yuanxin
3834:Chen Zaidao
3769:Peng Dehuai
3758:Yao Wenyuan
3712:Key figures
3585:Project 571
3379:(2014â2017)
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3361:(2013â2016)
3299:(1992â1996)
3261:(1975â1979)
3255:(1975â1990)
3161:(1948â1980)
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3077:(1936â1975)
3062:legislation
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2882:(1184â1908)
2880:Inquisition
2791:Segregation
2756:Intolerance
2696:Desecration
2638:Neopaganism
2631:Persecution
2592:Persecution
2575:Persecution
2538:Catholicism
2518:Exclusivism
2415:Revisionism
2302:French Turn
2274:Vanguardism
2229:Secretariat
2219:Revisionism
2046:Materialism
1897:Revisionism
1847:Imperialism
1792:Bourgeoisie
1693:: 691â692.
1489:(2): 7â53.
777:jiĂč sÄ«xiÇng
510:East Is Red
396:given names
368:Road." The
316:) began in
246:proletarian
226:Terminology
206:during the
4777:Categories
4757:Looted art
4747:Iconoclasm
4471:Palestine
4174:Mango cult
4046:Red Guards
3839:Kang Sheng
3824:Qiu Huizuo
3804:Ji Dengkui
3748:Jiang Qing
3729:Zhou Enlai
3724:Liu Shaoqi
3719:Mao Zedong
3646:Red August
2876:(643â1526)
2751:Iconoclasm
2746:Hate crime
2676:Censorship
2565:Falun Gong
2284:Trotskyist
2164:Dual power
1832:Dialectics
1548:destroyed.
1129:1156439609
1109:. Durham:
1033:1250021710
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814:References
804:jiĂč xĂguĂ n
795:jiĂč fÄngsĂș
786:jiĂč wĂ©nhuĂ
736:Mao Zedong
690:See also:
674:the Buddha
529:literature
502:Jiang Qing
498:Kang Sheng
478:Zhou Enlai
476:, Premier
422:See also:
412:the Orient
351:Mao Zedong
322:Red August
298:Red August
296:See also:
220:Red August
204:Red Guards
53:in Chinese
4694:Libraries
3930:Four Olds
3863:Documents
3819:Wu Faxian
3799:Xie Fuzhi
3789:Chen Boda
3779:Peng Zhen
3639:Massacres
3227:Four Olds
2940:Test Acts
2806:Terrorism
2648:Rastafari
2597:Ahmadiyya
2385:Mass line
2375:Four Olds
2199:Politburo
2189:New class
2116:Use value
2016:Commodity
1582:1385-4879
1543:0309-1317
1503:1061-1932
1286:0362-4331
1252:0362-4331
1219:0585-3923
1189:CC BY 4.0
1177:0963-9268
681:Aftermath
462:Mawangdui
232:Chen Boda
174:Four Olds
164:) at the
129:talk page
81:Consider
18:Four olds
4526:Ukraine
4461:Nigeria
4416:Ireland
4381:Germany
4280:Damage,
4239:Category
3923:Concepts
3814:Qi Benyu
3734:Lin Biao
3443:Religion
2964:Utah War
2834:(64â313)
2811:Violence
2701:Domicide
2653:Yazidism
2570:Hinduism
2528:Buddhism
2504:By group
1613:Archived
1611:. 1984.
1590:24675396
1315:Archived
1191:license.
892:Archived
883:(2001).
710:See also
468:and the
385:Shanghai
347:Blue Sky
266:Red Flag
261:Lin Biao
105:provide
4712:Natural
4600:By type
4481:Poland
4436:Kosovo
4426:Israel
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4336:Brazil
4286:looting
3809:Wang Li
3784:Tao Zhu
3490:Prelude
3197:(1963)
2954:(1700s)
2669:Methods
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2612:Sunnism
2602:Shi'ism
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1996:Capital
1976:Marxian
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1377:4 March
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1257:22 June
1224:22 June
1083:22 June
838:5 April
614:Huineng
583:Gallery
494:Chen Yi
490:Tao Zhu
318:Beijing
127:to the
109:in the
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4516:Syria
4506:Spain
4356:China
4303:caused
4301:Human-
4164:Maoism
4039:Groups
3774:Wu Han
3426:(2024)
3415:(2023)
3409:(2020)
3403:(2019)
3397:(2019)
3355:(2011)
3337:(2002)
3331:(2001)
3325:(2000)
3319:(2000)
3311:(1999)
3305:(1995)
3287:(1990)
3279:(1989)
3267:(1984)
3243:(1971)
3235:(1966)
3229:(1966)
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3209:(1963)
3203:(1963)
3191:(1955)
3179:(1950)
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3131:(1947)
3125:(1946)
3119:(1946)
3113:(1946)
3083:(1933)
3071:(1924)
2990:(1909)
2978:(1864)
2972:(1860)
2888:(1191)
2870:(1099)
2864:(1096)
2825:Events
2761:Pogrom
2607:Sufism
2342:Maoist
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2121:Value
1586:JSTOR
990:JSTOR
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759:Notes
563:into
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4292:and
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