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of the aircraft. The primary purpose of formers is to establish the shape of the fuselage and reduce the column length of stringers to prevent instability. Formers are typically attached to
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boat construction uses formers over which thin plank strips are applied and glued. In some cases, some of the formers may be incorporated as structural ribs.
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A former may instead be a temporary shape over which a structure is built, the former subsequently being discarded in whole or part, as follows:
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The "former-and-longeron" technique (also called stations and stringers) was adopted from
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Plywood formers awaiting the application of strip planks on a strip-built catamaran.
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A former may become an integral part of the finished structure, as in an aircraft
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Interior of an F-16B with the engine removed showing frames or formers
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Manufacturing tools used to give form to a malleable object
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123:. Many of today's light aircraft, and
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254:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
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223:Boat building with strip planking
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190:. Conmilit Press LTD. pp. 376.
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188:Airframe Structural Design
186:Michael C. Y. Niu (1988).
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