407:(Kykoedie) and Compagniesdam (a freehold property at Blouberg). These properties were well-suited for timber, fruit-growing and stock and grain farming. In Cape Town he built a large house (le Jardin) on a 2.5-hectare (6.2-acre) plot in Table Valley. His expectations were not to be realised however and the last years of his life were characterised by financial worries and declining health. The main reason for this decline in fortune was the end of the VOC's administration (followed by its bankruptcy) and the occupation of the Cape in 1795 by Britain, following the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars. The British occupation put an end to the profitable liaison with Company officials which Duminy and others had enjoyed. Although his fortunes improved during the Batavian administration (1803-6), when he was appointed Harbour Master of Simonstown, he was dismissed after the second British administration.
416:
1779, followed by one son, Francois
Antoine Benjamin (1785) a second daughter Margaretha Victoire (1787) died in infancy . A third daughter, Reinette Wilhelmina, was born in 1789 and a second son Benjamin Jacob Wilhelm (1793). Following his residence at Simonstown between 1803 and 1806, Johanna died of depression in 1807 and Duminy lived in rented properties in Cape Town, visiting his daughter Jeanne who farmed at Bokkerevier and the mineral springs at Caledon, which were believed to provide relief for his gout and arteriosclerosis. He died in Cape Town on 26 May 1811 and was buried in the old Somerset Road cemetery (cleared in 1909 to make way for street development).
425:
religion. When visiting Europe in 1783, he was confirmed as a Grand
Inspector of the Chapter of the Grand Orient and raised to the Rose Croix and Kadosh degrees. On his return to Cape Town, he issued a warrant for the establishment of the Lodge St André d’Afrique, after which the Lodge de Goede Hoop was revived (it had been established in 1772 by a member of the Dutch Masonic movement). Duminy was installed as Grand Master, a position he held until 1799, when he declined re-election. The Lodge de Goede Hoop prospered to the extent that by 1802 an impressive Lodge was built on Stalplein, designed by Louis Thibault, a fellow-Frenchman and freemason. The
398:
the north of the island which he named ‘Possession Island’ (the nearby coastline he named ‘Elisabeth Bay’). Proceeding northwards, he visited the bay known by the
Portuguese as Angra Pequena, which he renamed ‘Beschermer’s Bay’ (now known as Luderitz) and, after anchoring and going ashore in a bay which he named ‘Rhenius Bay’ (now known as Stormvogelbucht), he sailed on to Walvis Bay. Five beacons were erected at these places to indicate possession by the VOC. Duminy Point, a position of navigational importance, between Saldanha Bay and Cape Columbine, is named after him.
363:
on the second 345, 50 of whom died. These were the last slaving expeditions conducted from Cape Town by the VOC. It was also Duminy's last involvement in slaving, despite the opportunities that were offered by privatisation at the end of 1792. He was asked to provide guidelines for future expeditions and this he did in
December 1786, followed by another document dealing with the mortality of slaves in which he ascribed most of the deaths to diseases which had been contracted before transit.
430:
Batavian
Commissioner J.A. de Mist arrived in 1803. He was the Deputy Grand Master of the Dutch Grand Lodge. Determined to assert his authority, he terminated Duminy's appointment as Inspector-General. After the second British occupation, the Lodge de Goede Hoop was increasingly influenced by the English Masonic movement and became more concerned with social respectability than with the political radicalism that had inspired the American and French Revolutions.
290:, a privately owned ] that sailed from Port Louis (Mauritius) on 15 September 1776. He intended to trade for slaves at Madagascar but, when these were unobtainable, agreed to convey Baron Maurice Benyokswy to Cape Town. Benyowsky was returning to France to defend his ambitious plan to exploit the resources of Madagascar for the French King. His entourage included his wife, his sister-in-law, and thirty slaves; the slaves were sold in Cape Town.
372:
of grain from Mossel Bay and of timber from
Plettenberg Bay, as well as charting of the southern Cape coastline which had not been surveyed since Mannevillette's 1752 survey. The appointment was disallowed by the directors of the VOC, supposedly on the grounds that Duminy was French, but Duminy continued his duties of Captain of the Port and also with the survey of the coastline. The brig
282:, of 350 tons and 8 cannon, commanded by Jacques Pierre Bourdé de la Villehuet, an experienced captain who had also left the French East India Company. After conveying passengers to Mauritius and hunting whales off the east coast of Madagascar, a group of uncharted islands was discovered. They are still known as the ‘Salomon Islands’ and are part of the Chagos Group. Duminy left the
328:, to convey the news to the Company's authorities in India and Ceylon (Sri Lanka). The decision to enter the war proved extremely costly for the Dutch, for they lost most of their shipping and trading bases in the Indian Ocean and, after the arrival of a stricken fleet had brought news of further disasters to Cape Town, it was decided that Duminy would sail to Europe in the
261:(900 tons), which sailed to Canton (China) in December 1767. His employment as pilot reflects his lasting interest in navigation and his skill in calculating longitude using lunar distances, the method devised by Jean-Baptiste d’Apres de Mannevillette, the Company's cartographer. His journals record his daily calculation of the ship's latitude and longitude.
350:
individuals, usually after the payment of a fee. Holders of the
Chevalier Grand Cross had to prove 20 years of service in the army or navy. It is not known why Duminy should have sought this award or how much he paid for the honour. During his visit to Holland he had in fact declared his inability to repay an earlier debt.
278:(1,000 tons, 3 cannon) on its voyage to Pondichéry (December 1771 - May 1774). His qualification as captain in the French Marine in July 1774 created many lucrative opportunities, not least because ship's captains could carry cargo and sell it for their own profit. He was at first only second captain of the
362:
was to remain at Cape Town for the next 12 years, most of it under Duminy's command. His first instructions from the VOC authorities were to make two visits to
Madagascar and Mozambique to purchase slaves during 1784 and 1785. On the first, he obtained 316, 105 of whom died on the return journey, and
397:
Duminy's last assignment for the Dutch East India
Company before his retirement from the sea was to lead an expedition up the West coast as far as Walvis Bay, where it was hoped to link up with an overland expedition led by Willem van Reenen. Surveying the coastline as best he could, he anchored to
371:
In March 1786 Duminy was appointed
Equipage Master by Governor van de Graaff. In this position he was responsible for provisioning all Dutch East India Company ships and for supervising all shipping activities along the Cape coast. His duties included serving on a commission to report on the export
319:
Duminy's trading activities from Cape Town were interrupted by the outbreak of the American War of Independence in mid-1778 because France entered the war in support of the American rebels, with the result that armed conflict soon extended to the Indian Ocean. At the end of 1780, the Dutch Republic
424:
The Freemasonry movement grew prodigiously in France during the eighteenth century. Influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment, in which Duminy was well-read, many of its members were vociferous champions of republicanism and opponents of the ‘superstition’ which was seen to characterise Western
336:
was however intercepted by a British fleet and Duminy was taken to the West Indies as a prisoner of war after he had thrown his despatches into the sea. Fortunately for him, a truce had just been signed so that he was able to sail to Holland via England as a passenger. In Holland, he was given the
429:
and Duminy's involvement in it was however drastically affected by the British occupation. Admiral Elphinstone and Major-General Craig were both invited to attend the Lodge's meetings but this did not prevent the establishment of a separate English-speaking lodge. A further blow occurred when the
415:
After their marriage in 1777, the family lived in a rented house on Kerkplein, on which the National Mutual Building now stands. During his extended periods at sea, his wife appears to have lived with her mother in the family house on the Heerengracht. Their daughter Jeanne Francoise was born in
384:
Duminy appears to have produced his first charts of the coastline in 1782 and drew several improved versions during the next 8 years. In 1790 a map showing the coastline as well as a section of the interior was presented to van de Graaff, following a land survey carried out by J.N.Friderici and
349:
Duminy was admitted to The Order of St Philippe as a Knight Commander and Chevalier Grand Cross when he visited Europe in 1783. This Order had been established in 1768 by Philip Ferdinand, Count of Limburg-Styrum, to raise money to pay for his extravagant lifestyle. It was awarded to prominent
406:
After retiring from a life at sea, Duminy looked forward to profiting from farming, taking advantage of the VOC administration's decision to privatise grain and meat production. He built a substantial homestead at Bokkerivier (a quitrent property at Riviersonderend) and acquired Blaauweklip
458:
Jacobus Petrus Duminy Twilight Over the Tygerberg 1979 "The first Duminy forebear to settle at the Cape towards the end of the 18th century was Francois Renier Duminy (1747 — 1811). His career is presented in some detail in the Dictionary of South African Biography Vol
468:
376:(400 tons) was better suited for survey work and coastal sailing and, also captained by Duminy, was stationed at the Cape between 1788 and 1791 to assist in this work. In August 1788 he called at Plettenberg Bay to load the first consignment of timber.
232:
and, after the capture of his ship by the British, returned as captain of the Meermin, on which during the next 10 years he carried out important survey work of the southern African coastline. He played a leading role in the establishment of
274:(250 tons, 5 cannons), chartered by a group of speculators and commanded by family relative Mathieu Lunel Duminy. It sailed from Lorient for Mauritius in October 1769, returning in May 1771. He was then first-lieutenant on the
269:
On his return to Lorient in mid-1769, Duminy left the service of the French East India Company after the French government had allowed private French traders to send ships to the East. He was second-lieutenant on the
298:
On 2 February 1777 Duminy married Johanna, the daughter of Benjamin and Johanna Nöthling, the proprietors of a guest house in the Heerengraght (now Adderley Street) where he had stayed on his return to France on the
208:, during which he obtained training as a member of the Company's elite officer corps, François Renier Duminy traded independently in the Indian Ocean and, after settling at the Cape, entered the service of the
385:
Josephus Jones. In 1791 Duminy then explored the west coast north of Saldanha Bay to assess the suitability of St Helena Bay as a harbour and, between 1791 and 1792, was sent to Mauritius on board the
341:, a newly built frigate (500 tons, 26 guns) and given the task of escorting six company vessels transporting the de Meuron Regiment which was to bolster the Dutch forces in Ceylon.
307:, a small 130-ton ship, to Ibo Island, where the Portuguese authorities had begun to allow foreigners to trade. In the following year, he undertook a similar expedition on the
389:
to sell a consignment of wheat and obtain coffee and timber. The voyage turned out to be nightmarish, for it ran into a cyclone and smallpox broke out amongst the crew.
311:(230 tons), which had sailed to Cape Town from Lorient under the command of Bourdé de la Villehuet. He acquired 160 slaves on the first voyage and 257 on the second.
303:
four years previously. He intended to continue his trading activities, using Cape Town as his base, and at the end of the year undertook a slaving expedition in the
180:
Born in Lorient, France, Duminy was an illegitimate child. According to French naval records, his father was Antoine Duminy, a long-serving member of the
483:"Duplicated Enhancer Region Increases Expression of CSTB and Segregates with Keratolytic Winter Erythema in South African and Norwegian Families"
442:, a rare genetic disease, in South Africa. Even nowadays, its prevalence is much higher among Afrikaaners than any other world population.
487:
196:
in 1768 while commanding the citadel there). According to one document, his mother was Anne le Goff, about whom nothing is known.
573:
229:
523:- Records of the French East India Company and of the marine d'outre mer, Service historique de la Défense à Lorient.
439:
426:
234:
31:
578:
205:
209:
253:(500 tons) which sailed for Mauritius (Ile de France) in 1759. He was again pilot as a junior officer on the
324:, a British brig that had escaped the destruction of the British fleet at Yorktown and had been renamed the
67:
188:
as Antoine Lebre, he adopted the surname Duminy as a nom-de-guerre, became commander of the citadel of
568:
563:
189:
547:- Jean-Yves Le Lan, "François René Duminy, 1747 - 1811, marin lorientais et pionnier du Cap", in
482:
286:
to obtain provisions from Reunion in the yacht Heureux and on 22 August assumed command of the
228:. In 1781 he was sent on a special mission to Europe to report on the VOC's losses during the
172:, 26 May 1811) was a French mariner, navigator, cartographer and South African pioneer.
55:
557:
181:
225:
221:
169:
116:
257:(1,000 tons) which sailed to Pondichéry (India) in April 1765 and on the
185:
332:
to convey this news to the Dutch East India Company's authorities. The
193:
165:
99:
320:
also declared war on Britain and Duminy was given the command of the
213:
217:
535:
Francois Renier Duminy. French mariner and South African Pioneer
151:
Freemasonry, mariner, navigator, cartographer and pioneer work
549:
Bulletin et mémoires de la Société polymathique du Morbihan
434:
Introduction of keratolytic winter erythema in South Africa
551:, tome CXXXV, Bannalec, France, 2009, pp. 97 à 120.
212:(VOC), on whose behalf he completed several voyages to
509:- Duminy Papers, Papers of the Lodge de Goede Hoop,
147:
139:
131:
123:
106:
82:
77:
61:
49:
29:
18:
481:Thandiswa Ngcungcu; Martin Oti; Jan C. Sitek.
315:In the Service of the Dutch East India Company
8:
245:After a voyage as a supernumeraire on the
15:
530:, Van Riebeeck Society, Cape Town, 1939.
451:
367:Equipage Master and Captain of the Port
544:. Protea Book House, Pretoria, 2012.
537:. Protea Book House, Pretoria, 2005.
249:, he was pilot (second ensign) on the
30:Grand Master of Lodge de Goede Hoop (
7:
488:American Journal of Human Genetics
438:François Renier Duminy introduced
14:
511:South African National Archives
427:South African Masonic movement
1:
230:American War of Independence
542:Portrait of a Slave Society
440:keratolytic winter erythema
380:Charting the Cape Coastline
235:Freemasonry in South Africa
135:Johanna Margaretha Nöthling
595:
345:The Order of St. Philippe
206:French East India Company
155:
73:
38:
25:
505:Sources and bibliography
393:Expedition to Walvis Bay
210:Dutch East India Company
176:Birth and French Origins
32:South African Freemasons
471:in AD56 (p. 53/69)
162:François Renier Duminy
516:- Duminy Collection,
204:After a career in the
87:François Renier Duminy
354:Slaving in De Meermin
574:French cartographers
190:Port-Louis, Morbihan
540:- Karel Schoeman.
168:, 4 October 1747 –
533:- Andrew Duminy.
526:- J.L.M Franken.
294:East African trade
579:French Freemasons
265:The French Marine
259:Duc de Penthièvre
255:Comte de Argenson
159:
158:
586:
498:
496:
478:
472:
466:
460:
456:
113:
96:
94:
78:Personal details
64:
52:
43:
20:François Duminy
16:
594:
593:
589:
588:
587:
585:
584:
583:
554:
553:
528:Duminy-Dagboeke
502:
501:
480:
479:
475:
467:
463:
457:
453:
448:
436:
422:
413:
404:
395:
382:
369:
356:
347:
337:command of the
317:
296:
267:
243:
202:
178:
115:
111:
98:
97:October 4, 1747
92:
90:
89:
88:
62:
50:
44:
39:
21:
12:
11:
5:
592:
590:
582:
581:
576:
571:
566:
556:
555:
500:
499:
473:
461:
450:
449:
447:
444:
435:
432:
421:
418:
412:
409:
403:
400:
394:
391:
381:
378:
368:
365:
355:
352:
346:
343:
316:
313:
309:Sainte Therese
295:
292:
266:
263:
242:
239:
201:
198:
177:
174:
157:
156:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
119:, South Africa
114:(aged 63)
108:
104:
103:
86:
84:
80:
79:
75:
74:
71:
70:
65:
59:
58:
53:
47:
46:
36:
35:
27:
26:
23:
22:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
591:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
559:
552:
550:
545:
543:
538:
536:
531:
529:
524:
521:
520:, Cape Town.
519:
514:
513:, Cape Town.
512:
507:
506:
494:
490:
489:
484:
477:
474:
470:
465:
462:
455:
452:
445:
443:
441:
433:
431:
428:
419:
417:
411:Personal life
410:
408:
401:
399:
392:
390:
388:
379:
377:
375:
366:
364:
361:
353:
351:
344:
342:
340:
335:
331:
327:
323:
314:
312:
310:
306:
302:
293:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
264:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
240:
238:
236:
231:
227:
223:
219:
216:(Sri Lanka),
215:
211:
207:
199:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
175:
173:
171:
167:
163:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
127:South African
126:
122:
118:
109:
105:
101:
85:
81:
76:
72:
69:
66:
60:
57:
54:
48:
42:
37:
33:
28:
24:
17:
548:
546:
541:
539:
534:
532:
527:
525:
522:
518:Iziko Museum
517:
515:
510:
508:
504:
503:
492:
486:
476:
464:
454:
437:
423:
414:
405:
396:
386:
383:
373:
370:
359:
357:
348:
338:
333:
329:
325:
321:
318:
308:
304:
300:
297:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
268:
258:
254:
250:
246:
244:
203:
192:and died in
179:
161:
160:
112:(1811-05-26)
110:May 26, 1811
68:Truter, J.A.
63:Succeeded by
40:
569:1811 deaths
564:1747 births
420:Freemasonry
288:Belle Artur
226:Delagoa Bay
182:French army
124:Nationality
51:Preceded by
558:Categories
469:Birth 1747
446:References
402:Last Years
251:Dromadaire
241:Early life
222:Madagascar
93:1747-10-04
56:Chiron, A.
334:Postillon
330:Postillon
326:Postillon
184:(born in
170:Cape Town
148:Known for
117:Cape Town
45:1784–1799
41:In office
186:Tarascon
140:Children
102:, France
387:Meermin
360:Meermin
339:Meermin
284:Salomon
280:Salomon
247:Vengeur
194:Bayonne
166:Lorient
100:Lorient
374:Duifje
305:Deodat
272:Gerion
214:Ceylon
132:Spouse
459:III."
322:Betsy
301:Ceres
276:Ceres
218:India
495:(5).
358:The
224:and
200:Life
107:Died
83:Born
493:100
560::
491:.
485:.
237:.
220:,
497:.
164:(
143:5
95:)
91:(
34:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.