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bows had been cut to the desired bend. The final important change credited to Tourte is the screw in the frog (or nut) to moderate the tension in the hair. This propelling and withdrawing screw is found on virtually all modern violin bows. He is also credited with the invention of the spreader block, which fixes the hair of the bow in a flat ribbon, and so prevents tangling.
147:"Tourte - French family of bowmakers and luthiers. It comprised of Nicolas Pierre Tourte and his sons Nicolas Léonard and François Xavier and perhaps Charles Tourte, son of Nicolas Léonard. In addition, at least two channelled (canalé) bows dating from about 1750–60 exist bearing the brand-stamp A.TOURTE." - Paul Childs
132:"The French bow maker François-Xavier Tourte, more commonly known as François Tourte or Tourte le jeune, is often referred to as 'the inventor of the modern bow,' or 'the Stradivari of the bow.' His bows, dating from the end of the eighteenth century and the early decades of the nineteenth, had a marked effect upon the
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They generally have a usable hair-length of around 65 cm, and the balance point is 19 cm from the frog. The bows were elegantly fluted through half, or sometimes the whole, of their length. The curve in the wood was created by heating the wood thoroughly and then bending it. Before Tourte,
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who described Tourte's bows as having "trifling weight with sufficient elasticity of stick and the beautiful and uniform bending, by which the nearest approach to the hair is exactly in the middle between the head and the frog". He praised Tourte's "extremely accurate and neat workmanship". -Louis
144:(1860–65) has until recently been the only source of biographical information about François Tourte. Some thirty documents recently discovered in French archives provide further fresh insight into this maker's life and work." Stewart Pollens, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
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TOURTE LE JEUNE - London 2008 Exhibition (organized by Paul Childs)- Catalogue for the Tourte exhibition, the Royal
Academy of Music, November 2008. Hard-bound, 60 pages with illustrations of 35 François Tourte bows and 15 contemporary copies. Published by The Magic Bow
96:. Tourte destroyed any bow that was not entirely faultless before it left his workshop. He never varnished his bows but only rubbed them with pumice powder and oil. The Tourte pattern was followed by
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wood, the most usual form of wood used on professional bows today. Tourte's bows tended to be heavier than previous models, with more wood at the tip of the bow counterbalanced by a heavier
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of violins and upon performance practice, enabling new forms of expression and articulation to be developed, and in particular, facilitating the increased use of
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of stringed instruments, and is considered to be the most important figure in the development of the modern bow. Because of this, he has often been called the
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L'Abbé Sibire: La chélonomie, ou Le parfait luthier (Paris, 1806, repr. 1823/R, rev. 1885 by L. de Pratis)
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Tourte spent eight years as a watchmaker's apprentice before finally becoming an apprentice to his
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70:(c.1700 - 1764). After his father's death, Tourte, in collaboration with the violin virtuoso
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with M.E.D. Lang, 2001 (Tourte's background, his working life and bow-making techniques.)
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Raffin, Jean-François; Millant, Bernard (2000). L'Archet. Paris: L'Archet Éditions.
85:(the device connecting the hair to the stick at the end nearest the player's hand).
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F.-J. Fétis: Antoine
Stradivari, luthier célèbre (Paris, 1856; Eng. trans., 1864/R)
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Biographie
Universelle des Musiciens et Bibliographie Générale de la Musique
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who made a number of significant contributions to the development of the
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At the height of his career, a single Tourte bow fetched 15
185:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 131.
356:Raffin, Jean-François; Millant, Bernard (2000).
382:Universal Dictionary of Violin & Bow Makers
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374:Dictionnaire Universel del Luthiers -
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208:"Tourte: (3) François Xavier Tourte"
39:(1747 – 25 April 1835) was a French
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292:(3) François Xavier Tourte
27:of François Xavier Tourte,
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409:Tourte Exhibit London 2008
298:(accessed 6 August 2017).
244:Pagliaro, Michael (2017).
181:Pollens, Stewart (2011).
122:Jean Pierre Marie Persois
378:1951,1972, 1985 (vol.3)
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218:Oxford University Press
37:François Xavier Tourte
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343:. Sernor: M. Dufour.
323:. Chicago: W. Lewis.
319:Roda, Joseph (1959).
206:Childs, Paul (2001).
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