222:
Despite becoming Grand Prior, the dispensation from the Pope allowing him to hold the office without joining a Holy Order meant that it was theoretically possible for him to marry. As such the Guise family floated the possibility of arranging a marriage between him and the heiress Marie de
Bourbon,
384:
was captured and the French army destroyed, Guise who was campaigning in Italy was urgently called back to France to assume military command. While he hurried back ahead of his army, the Grand Prior and baron de La Garde, facilitated the transport of his troops. In 1558, the Grand Prior received a
269:
interceded with the Pope to secure dispensation for him to take the appointment without the need to join a Holy Order. Regardless his ecclesiastical career meant that on the death of his father in 1550, the inheritance would only be divided between three sons. With the death of Claude in April, it
240:
While custom dictated that he not take his vows for the Order until he was 21, which would have been in 1555, his family were keen to get him moving and he became in March 1549 Grand Prior of France for the Order of Saint John of
Jerusalem, Rhodes and Malta after being appointed to the position by
327:
was not about to allow such an acquisition to go uncontested and prepared to invest the city. Elbeuf and the Grand Prior hurried into the city, alongside much of the flower of the French nobility for the opportunity of glory that a successful defence presented. They would be successful in pushing
406:
on 12 July. Increasingly frustrated, the Grand Prior requested his presence in Toulon immediately. Piyale obliged the request, entering the port, however it became clear when a
Genoese frigate entered the harbour on 24 July to offer Piyale many gifts, that the Ottomans had been bought off from
457:
which required them for other purposes. Finally by Spring 1560 the Grand Prior was on his way with the fleet, however his fleet was still travelling up the western seaboard of France when peace was concluded in June 1560. Castelanu alleges that they stopped en route for a considerable time in
389:
were in accord against their shared foe of the
Emperor. To this end it was agreed between Henri and the Sultan for there to be a joint naval campaign in the spring and summer of that year, to coincide with the invasion of Italy. A large fleet of 111 galleys set sail from
171:. However, the Ottoman admiral ignored the plan, raiding his way into the western Mediterranean, before forming a compact with the Genoese in return for a large bribe. Thus the campaign could not proceed. In 1559 with the death of Henri II, the Grand Prior was made a
532:, the tragedy was compounded for the family by the natural death of the Grand Prior on 6 March. The Grand Prior had been considered by much of the family one of its most capable members and the dual blow overwhelmed Lorraine who was 'carried away with grief'.
515:
which dominated the French
Protestant movement. The meeting ended positively, however all good will was shattered several weeks later when, while returning to the capital, the duke of Guise's men committed a massacre of Protestant worshippers at
448:
in her position in the country. While much of the preparations were happening in
Normandie, the Grand Prior had overall responsibility for the Mediterranean fleet which was to play a role. He had difficulty with his subordinates, such as
411:. With the plan of the campaign in ruins, Piyale decided to return home with his fleet, happy that the Ottomans at least, had not walked away empty handed. The Grand Prior meanwhile was left with an empty campaign. Meanwhile on land
385:
new office, that of general of the galleys, giving him military authority over the naval forces in the
Mediterranean, this was at the expense of the baron de la Garde, who was hoping for the appointment. At this time France and the
364:. The duke of Guise, Aumale, recently released from captivity, Elbeuf and the Grand Prior would join him on this campaign, among many other leading nobles. During the campaign Guise would achieve the stunning success of the
344:
they succeeded in capturing the main cities of the island. Elbeuf and the Grand Prior were dispatched to offer their assistance for the campaign in late 1553, and to help rebuff any counter offensive by the
Genoese Admiral
311:. This would be the total of the campaign before the proxy war of the year expanded into full war between the France and the Empire the following year. In 1552 Henri eyed an opportunity to effect a major coup in
183:
would lead to peace being declared in June 1560 with
England, cancelling the expedition while the Grand Priors fleet was still travelling up France's west coast. The following year he assisted his
270:
was decided that though the body would be put in a lead lined coffin, the burial would be left until June, as time was needed for
Lorraine, Cardinal Guise and the Grand Prior to hurry home from
483:
departed France, travelling by boat with her uncles Aumale, Elbeuf and the Grand Prior. She established herself in her new country shortly thereafter, with some difficulty arriving at
253:
to allow for his young brother to become Grand Prior. After several months of effort, the Pope gave his assent. He began building his ecclesiastical empire receiving an income of 5250
453:, who refused to embark with his men, little desiring to campaign in Scotland, leading many other captains to follow his example. Further some of his ships were requisitioned by the
987:
328:
back Charles V from the city, and his broken army retreated east. During the siege however, Aumale was captured, and would spend the next several years in captivity.
982:
223:
duchesse d'Estouteville. However before discussions could lead to anything definite, the Grand Prior had died thus a marriage was arranged between Marie and
296:
153:
140:
appointed him Grand Prior of the Order in France, giving him access to the revenues of 'commanderies.' He fought with the king in the final years of the
529:
200:
436:. The Grand Prior served as his lieutenant in this company. That same year, with the Guise now ascendent in government, the honour of becoming a
412:
304:
179:
in the following spring. However, difficulty with his subordinates, government finance issues, and internal instability brought about by the
167:
In 1558 he became 'general of the galleys', providing for him a leading role in the planned combined naval campaign of that year with the
450:
977:
500:
377:
324:
266:
463:
175:, the highest honour of the time. His role as general of the galleys would be key for the planned Guise expedition to
511:, as a means of reuniting the French church. The religion was a far more agreeable compromise to the family than the
199:
floated the idea of converting to Lutheranism to restore church unity. He died in March 1563, several days after the
320:
246:
349:. The campaign against Corse would be the solitary French success in a difficult year for the French war effort.
224:
507:. The topic of the meeting was matters of faith. The Guise presented themselves as being amenable to adopting
499:
The grand prior travelled with his brothers Guise, Lorraine and Cardinal Guise, for their rendezvous with the
433:
398:
and made their way to Italy. However, while the Grand Prior, commander of the French galley's sat waiting in
360:
that he had wrought in 1553. To this end an army of 50,000 men was assembled under the overall authority of
29:
34:
488:
437:
300:
172:
117:
56:
403:
336:
During the campaign season of 1553, the French and Ottomans combined their attentions for the island of
216:
212:
180:
129:
125:
105:
95:
972:
967:
553:
Noble Power during the French Wars of Religion: The Guise Affinity and the Catholic Cause in Normandy
480:
429:
184:
149:
381:
361:
440:
was bestowed upon the Grand Prior. The following year, the Guise government planned a campaign to
402:, the fleet decided to take a detour, pillaging the coast of Naples in June, before burning down
242:
137:
517:
454:
316:
365:
341:
323:
entered the city of Metz that year at invitiation, securing the valuable city for France.
275:
445:
391:
386:
196:
168:
133:
85:
961:
357:
250:
346:
292:
141:
121:
245:, he would take an oath for the order in June 1549. The previous year his brother
395:
512:
120:-6 March 1563) was a French noble and soldier, who fought during the latter
508:
459:
441:
399:
353:
188:
176:
80:
73:
307:. Together they would support Marshal Brissac's victory at the siege of
504:
192:
160:
in 1553, defending the island against attempted counter attacks by the
312:
308:
258:
145:
484:
408:
337:
161:
157:
562:
Martyrs and Murderers: The Guise Family and the Making of Europe
271:
114:
François de Lorraine, Grand Prieur de France de l'Ordre de Malte
432:
secured his own ordinance company under the kings successor
352:
In 1554, Henri was determined to launch a campaign through
191:
as the new queen. During 1562 he partook in the meeting at
303:'s command of the cavalry under the overall authority of
608:
606:
211:
François de Lorraine was born in 1534, the fifth son of
580:
François de Lorraine, duc de Guise entre Dieu et le Roi
274:
where they had recently observed the election of a new
265:
income from commanderies across France. His brother
132:, the Grand Prior was selected for a life with the
101:
91:
79:
63:
42:
21:
356:, to punish the Emperor for the destruction of
8:
988:French people of the French Wars of Religion
732:
589:Queens and Mistresses of Renaissance France
18:
462:where they were entertained by the young
948:
936:
888:
864:
852:
828:
780:
672:
660:
624:
612:
602:
257:from commanderies owned by knights in
249:had been in Rome, campaigning for the
924:
912:
900:
876:
840:
816:
804:
792:
768:
756:
744:
720:
708:
696:
684:
648:
636:
7:
983:Military leaders of the Italian Wars
438:chevalier de l'ordre de Saint-Michel
173:chevalier de l'Ordre de Saint-Michel
156:played a key role in the capture of
278:which had taken place in February.
544:Henry II: King of France 1547-1559
530:assassination of the Duke of Guise
340:. Together under the authority of
299:provided support to their brother
14:
428:With the death of Henri in 1559,
407:attacking the Ligurian coast and
148:the following year at the famous
124:. Second youngest of the sons of
144:, serving in Italy in 1551 and
542:Baumgartner, Frederic (1988).
261:. In total he received 12,000
203:, a heavy blow to his family.
1:
555:. Cambridge University Press.
451:François de Coligny d'Andelot
295:in 1551, the Grand Prior and
267:Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine
106:Antoinette de Bourbon-Vendôme
528:A couple of weeks after the
415:was able to achieve little.
201:assassination of his brother
479:On 15 August 1561, the new
378:the battle of Saint-Quentin
291:With the resumption of the
1004:
587:Wellman, Kathleen (2013).
564:. Oxford University Press.
487:due to the opposition of
28:
978:French untitled nobility
591:. Yale University Press.
560:Carroll, Stuart (2009).
551:Carroll, Stuart (2005).
546:. Duke University Press.
315:with the seizure of the
16:French noble and soldier
475:Mary, Queen of Scotland
444:to secure their sister
372:Crisis of Saint-Quentin
225:the duke of Longueville
30:Grand prieuré de France
569:Cloulas, Ivan (1985).
376:After the disaster at
582:. Classiques Garnier.
434:François II of France
404:Ciutadella de Menorca
394:under the command of
217:Antoinette de Bourbon
213:Claude, Duke of Guise
207:Early life and family
181:Conspiracy of Amboise
152:. He and his brother
130:Antoinette de Bourbon
126:Claude, Duke of Guise
96:Claude, Duke of Guise
578:Durot, Éric (2012).
503:in February 1562 at
430:Jacques de la Brosse
419:Reign of François II
23:François de Lorraine
927:, pp. 682–683.
915:, pp. 657–658.
843:, p. 161, 429.
501:Duke of Württemberg
470:Reign of Charles IX
362:Anne de Montmorency
759:, p. 192-205.
627:, p. 19, 125.
332:1553-1554 Campaign
287:1551-1552 Campaign
481:queen of Scotland
325:Emperor Charles V
231:Reign of Henri II
195:during which the
111:
110:
995:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
922:
916:
910:
904:
898:
892:
891:, p. 96-99.
886:
880:
874:
868:
862:
856:
850:
844:
838:
832:
826:
820:
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
754:
748:
742:
736:
733:Baumgartner 1988
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
700:
694:
688:
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
646:
640:
634:
628:
622:
616:
610:
592:
583:
574:
565:
556:
547:
455:Flotte du Ponant
317:Three Bishoprics
70:
59:
52:
50:
38:
19:
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
996:
994:
993:
992:
958:
957:
956:
955:
947:
943:
935:
931:
923:
919:
911:
907:
899:
895:
887:
883:
875:
871:
863:
859:
851:
847:
839:
835:
827:
823:
815:
811:
803:
799:
791:
787:
779:
775:
767:
763:
755:
751:
743:
739:
731:
727:
719:
715:
707:
703:
695:
691:
683:
679:
671:
667:
659:
655:
647:
643:
635:
631:
623:
619:
611:
604:
599:
586:
577:
568:
559:
550:
541:
538:
526:
497:
477:
472:
426:
421:
413:Marshal Brissac
374:
366:Battle of Renty
342:Paul de Thermes
334:
305:Marshal Brissac
289:
284:
238:
233:
209:
150:defence of Metz
136:. In 1549 King
116:(18 April 1534
72:
68:
55:
54:
48:
46:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1001:
999:
991:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
960:
959:
954:
953:
951:, p. 170.
941:
939:, p. 155.
929:
917:
905:
903:, p. 613.
893:
881:
879:, p. 479.
869:
857:
855:, p. 499.
845:
833:
821:
819:, p. 382.
809:
807:, p. 237.
797:
795:, p. 236.
785:
773:
771:, p. 314.
761:
749:
747:, p. 191.
737:
735:, p. 145.
725:
723:, p. 158.
713:
711:, p. 157.
701:
699:, p. 115.
689:
687:, p. 108.
677:
665:
653:
651:, p. 131.
641:
639:, p. 161.
629:
617:
615:, p. 236.
601:
600:
598:
595:
594:
593:
584:
575:
566:
557:
548:
537:
534:
525:
522:
496:
493:
476:
473:
471:
468:
446:Marie de Guise
425:
424:Scottish plans
422:
420:
417:
392:Konstantiniyye
387:Ottoman Empire
373:
370:
333:
330:
319:. To this end
288:
285:
283:
280:
247:Cardinal Guise
237:
234:
232:
229:
208:
205:
169:Ottoman Empire
134:Order of Malta
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
86:House of Guise
83:
77:
76:
71:(aged 28)
65:
61:
60:
44:
40:
39:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1000:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
963:
950:
945:
942:
938:
933:
930:
926:
921:
918:
914:
909:
906:
902:
897:
894:
890:
885:
882:
878:
873:
870:
867:, p. 48.
866:
861:
858:
854:
849:
846:
842:
837:
834:
831:, p. 80.
830:
825:
822:
818:
813:
810:
806:
801:
798:
794:
789:
786:
783:, p. 75.
782:
777:
774:
770:
765:
762:
758:
753:
750:
746:
741:
738:
734:
729:
726:
722:
717:
714:
710:
705:
702:
698:
693:
690:
686:
681:
678:
675:, p. 19.
674:
669:
666:
663:, p. 58.
662:
657:
654:
650:
645:
642:
638:
633:
630:
626:
621:
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609:
607:
603:
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533:
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443:
439:
435:
431:
423:
418:
416:
414:
410:
405:
401:
397:
393:
388:
383:
382:the Constable
379:
371:
369:
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359:
355:
350:
348:
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331:
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107:
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87:
84:
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78:
75:
66:
62:
58:
53:18 April 1534
45:
41:
36:
31:
27:
20:
949:Carroll 2009
944:
937:Carroll 2009
932:
920:
908:
896:
889:Carroll 2005
884:
872:
865:Carroll 2005
860:
853:Cloulas 1985
848:
836:
829:Carroll 2009
824:
812:
800:
788:
781:Carroll 2009
776:
764:
752:
740:
728:
716:
704:
692:
680:
673:Carroll 2005
668:
661:Carroll 2009
656:
644:
632:
625:Carroll 2005
620:
613:Wellman 2013
588:
579:
570:
561:
552:
543:
527:
498:
478:
427:
375:
351:
347:Andrea Doria
335:
293:Italian Wars
290:
282:Italian wars
262:
254:
239:
221:
210:
197:Guise family
166:
142:Italian Wars
122:Italian Wars
113:
112:
81:Noble family
69:(1563-03-06)
67:6 March 1563
973:1563 deaths
968:1534 births
509:Lutheranism
489:Elizabeth I
464:Sebastião I
396:Piyale Paşa
236:Grand Prior
187:entry into
33: [
962:Categories
925:Durot 2012
913:Durot 2012
901:Durot 2012
877:Durot 2012
841:Durot 2012
817:Durot 2012
805:Durot 2012
793:Durot 2012
769:Durot 2012
757:Durot 2012
745:Durot 2012
721:Durot 2012
709:Durot 2012
697:Durot 2012
685:Durot 2012
649:Durot 2012
637:Durot 2012
597:References
358:Thérouanne
49:1534-04-18
573:. Fayard.
513:Calvinism
380:in which
227:instead.
118:Joinville
57:Joinville
571:Henri II
460:Portugal
442:Scotland
400:Provence
354:Picardie
243:Henri II
189:Scotland
177:Scotland
138:Henri II
74:Provence
536:Sources
505:Saverne
495:Saverne
193:Saverne
185:niece's
162:Genoese
313:Alsace
309:Chieri
301:Aumale
297:Elbeuf
263:livres
259:Troyes
255:livres
154:Elbeuf
146:Alsace
102:Mother
92:Father
524:Death
518:Wassy
485:Leith
409:Corse
338:Corse
321:Guise
158:Corse
37:]
276:Pope
272:Rome
251:Pope
215:and
128:and
64:Died
43:Born
520:.
964::
605:^
491:.
466:.
368:.
219:.
164:.
35:fr
51:)
47:(
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