568:. Using her wit and charm, she sought to ingratiate herself with the king. She also became close to the Dauphin, whose affection for her never wavered. Even though Louise de La Vallière knew that Montespan was trying to conquer the King's heart and reportedly laughed at her miserable efforts, she definitely underestimated her new rival. Montespan cleverly cultivated friendships with both Louise and Queen Maria Theresa and when both ladies were pregnant, Madame de Montespan was asked to help them entertain the King during private dinners. Soon they regretted their decision, for Montespan now cultivated an intimate relationship with the King. Madame de Montespan was also said to have seduced the King by dropping her towel obligingly when she spotted Louis spying on her while she showered. Shortly after, Louise's position was diminished to second place. To conceal his new relationship, the King placed the ladies in connected rooms so he could have access to both. Louise left court and joined a convent perhaps through regret and religiosity or because she had no other option. The spotlight belonged now to the twenty-five-year-old Athénaïs de Montespan.
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itself. Her apartments were filled with pet animals and thousands of flowers and she had a private gallery. Costly jewels were showered upon her and she was highly discriminating regarding the quality of the gems, returning them if they did not meet her exacting standards. She was given the nickname
607:
The first of Madame de
Montespan's seven children with the king was born in 1669. The newborn child, a girl, is thought to have been named Louise-Françoise. The upbringing of this first child (and subsequent children) was entrusted to one of Madame de Montespan's friends, Madame Scarron (the future
483:
The couple lived in a small house close to the Louvre, which allowed Madame de
Montespan to attend court and carry out her duties there as a lady-in-waiting to the Duchess of Orléans. She quickly established herself as the "reigning beauty of the court". Beauty, however, was only one of Madame de
785:
as a result brought matters to a head. Before any further developments in her romance with the King could occur, Mlle de
Fontanges died in 1681. Many at the time suspected that she had been poisoned by her rival, although none could prove it. It is now believed that Mlle de Fontanges died from
826:
In addition to seeking Louis' love, some charged Madame de
Montespan with also conspiring to kill him, but inconsistencies in this testimony suggest that the royal mistress was innocent of these charges. However, suspicion was thrown onto Madame de Montespan because the name of her maid, Mlle
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988:
created the gardens, which looked west toward the much larger palace of
Versailles, of which Clagny was a smaller version. The Château de Clagny was also famed for its gallery. In 1685, Louis XIV gave the magnificent palace to Madame de Montespan. At her death, her oldest son, the
897:, thereby abandoning the hospice of Fontevraud from 1703 and moved there in 1704 after the death of her sister Gabrielle. In her long retirement, Madame de Montespan donated vast sums to hospitals and charities. She was also a generous patron of the arts and letters and befriended
930:
Athénaïs was considered "astonishingly beautiful" by the standards of her time. She had large blue eyes, long, thick, corn-coloured hair that fell in curls about her shoulders, and a curvaceous, voluptuous body. She was droll, amusing and used her considerable wit to mock others.
653:, a cadet branch of the reigning House of Bourbon. As Madame de Montespan spent most of her time immersed in the social whirl of the court, the three had little contact with their busy mother and spent most of their childhood with their governess, Madame Scarron.
815:
over her nude body in a blood-soaked ceremony, which also, allegedly, included infant sacrifice. Whatever the truth in these allegations, in July 1667, Madame de
Montespan became the king's new mistress even though Louise de La Vallière was carrying his child,
1024:
near
Versailles, purchased and built for Madame de Montespan, surrounded by gardens, on the site of the former hamlet of Trianon. It was meant as a hideaway for the couple. Because of the fragility of the earthenware tiles used in its construction, the
890:. Gabrielle was appointed abbess in 1670 and it is said that her beauty, wit, and knowledge surpassed Athénaïs’ qualities. The King wanted her to stay for longer periods at court but Gabrielle always declined and stayed only for very short times.
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The last years of Madame de
Montespan's life were given up to a very severe penance. Real sorrow over her death was felt by her three youngest children. She died on 27 May 1707 at the age of almost sixty-seven while taking the waters at
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The King appealed to the priest's superiors, but the Church refused to yield to the king's demands. After a short separation, the King and Madame de
Montespan resumed their relationship, resulting in the birth of two more children,
859:, and Madame de Maintenon all helped to hush up the affair in order to prevent further scandal about the mother of the king's legitimised children. Concerning the king's need to avoid shocking scandal, Police Chief La Reynie said:
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476:. Françoise later recounted that as she had neglected to bring along the proper kneeling cushions for the ceremony, the couple had to kneel on dog cushions. She soon became pregnant with her first child,
257:. During their romantic relationship, which lasted from the late 1660s to the late 1670s, she was sometimes referred to as the "true Queen of France" due to the pervasiveness of her influence at court.
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492:. In addition, she kept abreast of political events. This had the effect of making her even more appealing to men of intellect and power. She was courted by a number of suitors including
335:
303:. She devoted the rest of her life to charity, patronage and penance until her death in 1707 at the age of 66. She is an ancestress of several royal houses in Europe, including those of
395:("wit"). As a young girl, she often travelled with her mother between the family estates and the court at the Louvre in Paris. At the age of 12, she began her formal education at the
956:
610:
485:
472:). However, La Trémoille had to flee to Spain after a disastrous duel, and Françoise-Athénaïs was betrothed to Montespan. The wedding ceremony took place in a chapel at the
852:
614:). A son, Louis-Auguste, was born in 1670. When the third child, Louis-César, was born in 1672, a house was purchased for Scarron and the children on the Rue Vaugirard.
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Is this the Madame that scandalises all France? Go abandon your shocking life and then come throw yourself at the feet of the ministers of Jesus Christ.
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She also had an extravagant and demanding nature and possessed enough charm to get what she wanted. She was expensive and glorious, like the
844:, who had an illegitimate child fathered but not publicly acknowledged by Louis. Presumably, the maid resented the loss of Louis' attention.
817:
1561:
This first Louise-Françoise died in 1672; her name was later recycled for her younger sister, the future Mlle. de Nantes. See Lisa Hilton,
484:
Montespan's many charms. She was a cultured and amusing conversationalist, who won the admiration of such literary figures as letter-writer
489:
453:
373:
295:, which began in 1677, severely damaged her reputation and resulted in her fall from royal favour. In 1691, she withdrew to the convent of
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cases were brought, heard testimony that placed Madame de
Montespan's first visits to the so-called witch Catherine Monvoisin, known as
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in Paris, with a pension of half a million francs. In gratitude for her departure, the king made her brother the duc de Vivonne, a
777:. Suspicion that Madame de Montespan might be capable of murder or worse began when the King's eye strayed to another beauty, the
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1881:
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324:
848:, Countess of Soissons, herself a former mistress of the king and well-known intrigante, was also implicated in the conspiracy.
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480:. Two weeks after her daughter's birth she danced in a Court Ballet, and less than a year later her second child was born.
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886:. Louis had previously made one of her sisters, Gabrielle, whose vows were only four years old, the abbess of the wealthy
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187:
943:("How much", in Italian). Her love for food and her numerous pregnancies caused her to gain weight in her late thirties.
1147:
1075:
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wrote that its construction employed 1,200 workers and the cost was no less than 2 million "livres". The royal gardener
874:
841:
796:
626:
296:
182:
284:. Noted for her great beauty and wit, she carefully cultivated a relationship with Louis XIV and eventually supplanted
493:
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and lady-in-waiting to the Queen, was accused of acting as a go-between in order to secure the governorship of the
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as his favourite. She had seven children by the king, six of which survived infancy and were later legitimised.
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688:, which was necessary for her to take Easter communion, a requisite for all Catholics. Father Lécuyer raged,
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799:, Paris' first Lieutenant General of Police and the chief judge of the court, before whom the famous
554:
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1016:; built for Madame de Montespan by Louis XIV. It was there that she sought to escape from court life
808:
737:
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355:
320:
1302:, Dracula's servant Renfield mentions one of his master's past loves, the Countess de Montespan.
1298:
527:
377:
359:
1514:"She Was Louis XIV's Mistress — Until She Was Tried For Killing Babies And Feeding Them To Him"
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in order to try to heal an illness. The king forbade her children to wear mourning for her.
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By 1666, Madame de Montespan was trying to take the place of Louis XIV’s current mistress,
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385:
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372:, possessed the blood of two of the oldest noble families of France through her parents,
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1969:
City of Light, City of Poison: Murder, Magic, and the First Police Chief of Paris, 2017
1921:, (translated from the French by Stephen Cox), Praeger Publishers, Inc., New York, 1970
755:
721:
431:
419:
308:
269:
1656:
1633:
The Affair of the Poisons: Murder, Infanticide, and Satanism at the Court of Louis XIV
1622:, (translated from the French by Stephen Cox), Praeger Publishers, New York, 1970, p.
1513:
773:, which erupted in September 1677, was to be the beginning of the end of the reign of
468:, who was the elder son and heir to the Duc de Noirmoutier (one of the leaders of the
346:
Françoise-Athénaïs was born in October 1640 and was baptised on 5 October 1640 at the
2085:
2002:
1924:
1856:
1851:
1584:
1087:
1030:
807:, in 1665. In 1666, Madame de Montespan supposedly went so far as to allow a priest,
791:
363:
1102:. Also Duke of Aumale, Count of Eu and Prince of Dombes. Had issue. Founder of the
733:
572:
522:
Madame de Montespan astounded the court by openly resenting the position of Queen
1679:
906:
902:
2010:
1000:. The château reverted to the French crown in 1766 and was demolished in 1769.
440:, Françoise-Athénaïs was appointed to be a lady-in-waiting to the king's wife,
436:. Later, because of the relationship between her mother and the queen dowager,
1978:
1463:
1179:
812:
685:
347:
264:, one of the oldest noble families of France, Françoise-Athénaïs married the
1811:
1745:
1091:
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571:
She also became friends at court with another lady-in-waiting to the queen,
427:
254:
2034:
Works by or about Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart, Marquise de Montespan
1828:
684:
soon became her adversary. In 1675, the priest Lécuyer refused to give her
411:
had started hers almost a decade earlier. She was very religious and took
1207:
100:
464:
that Françoise-Athénaïs was in love with another young man, Louis de La
1869:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 775.
1643:), p. 227, from the testimony of La Voisin "Madame de Montespan was an
1203:
872:
In 1691, no longer in royal favour, Madame de Montespan retired to the
536:
400:
396:
980:, (First architect of the King), on land bought by Louis XIV in 1665.
840:
Indeed, if anyone was attempting to kill the king, it was more likely
234:
Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart, Marquise of Montespan
1319:
Athénaïs: The Life of Louis XIV's Mistress – the Real Queen of France
1095:
800:
656:
In 1674, an official separation with her husband was declared by the
469:
61:
2021:
972:
in Versailles was built between 1674 and 1680 from the drawings of
2011:
Works by Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart, Marquise de Montespan
1880:
See contemporary memoirs of Madame de Sévigné, of Saint-Simon, of
1850:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1746:"Bienvenue sur le Site Versailles 1687 – Le Trianon de Porcelaine"
1198:
Legitimised on 22 November 1681. Held numerous offices, of which:
1086:
Legitimised on 20 December 1673. Held numerous offices, of which:
1007:
955:
754:
732:
715:
671:
590:
510:
415:
once a week, a practice that she would continue as a young woman.
334:
299:
in Paris, but left thirteen years later when she relocated to the
426:, Duchess of Orléans, who was known at court by the traditional
376:, the Duke of Mortemart and the Prince of Tonnay-Charente, and
1892:(Arsenal Library) and the notes of La Reynie preserved in the
795:, Madame de Montespan has never been conclusively implicated.
617:
In 1673, the couple's three living illegitimate children were
339:
Portrait of Françoise-Athénaïs, c. 1660, when Mademoiselle de
16:
Most celebrated maîtresse-en-titre of King Louis XIV of France
368:, she later adopted the name "Athénaïs"), or more formally,
1214:. Also Duke of Damville, of Rambouillet and of Penthièvre.
1355:
Chabod, Marquis de Saint-Maurice, Thomas François (1910).
1241:
Madame de Montespan's two surviving daughters: the blonde
993:, inherited Clagny and, in turn, passed it on to his son,
454:
Louis Henri de Pardaillan de Gondrin, Marquis of Montespan
1785:
Love and Louis XIV: The Women in the Life of the Sun King
1486:
Charles de Sainte-Maure, marquis de Montausier, was made
1464:"the Fronde | France [17th century] | Britannica"
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1861:
Montespan, Françoise-Athenaïs de Pardaillan, Marquise de
827:
Desœillets, was frequently mentioned in connection with
781:. Madame de Montespan's relegation to the position of
534:, the Queen's Spanish title, before her marriage, was
863:
the enormity of their crimes proved their safeguard.
391:
From her father, she inherited the famous Mortemart
1020:Louis XIV also had a pleasure pavilion, called the
789:Long assumed to have been involved in the infamous
583:, would later marry one of Boyer's granddaughters.
518:, to whom Madame de Montespan was a lady-in-waiting
249:), was a French noblewoman and the most celebrated
236:(5 October 1640 – 27 May 1707), commonly known as
219:
211:
201:
142:
114:
99:
82:
72:
50:
40:
21:
1964:, Librairie Arthème Fayard, Paris, 1961 & 1985
1941:Le Château de Rambouillet, six siècles d'Histoire
1565:(London: Little, Brown and Company, 2002), 73–74.
1496:Le Château de Rambouillet, six siècles d'histoire
1490:in 1664 and, in 1668, became the governor of the
649:and, in 1685, married the son of the head of the
291:Madame de Montespan's alleged involvement in the
713:, in 1678. Both were to be legitimised in 1681.
861:
690:
452:On 28 January 1663, Françoise-Athénaïs married
45:Françoise Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart
676:Madame de Montespan by unknown artist, c. 1675
595:Madame de Montespan and four of her children:
418:At the age of 20, Françoise-Athénaïs became a
1541:. New York: Carroll & Graf. p. 165.
8:
1647:of the Abbé Guibourg's infamous Black Mass."
621:by Louis XIV and given the royal surname of
1787:. Great Britain: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
1765:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1029:was demolished in 1687 and replaced by the
2042:
1439:"Princess Henrietta, Madame: A Fairy Tale"
893:In 1700, Madame de Montespan acquired the
740:. He first met Madame de Montespan at the
147:
29:
18:
1330:
1138:Legitimised on 20 December 1673. Married
1088:Colonel General of the Suisses et Grisons
462:Histoire de madame Henriette d'Angleterre
1884:and others; also the proceedings of the
1609:, Librairie Arthème Fayard, Paris, 1965,
1425:
1044:
183:Louise Marie Anne, Mademoiselle de Tours
158:Marie Christine de Pardaillan de Gondrin
1914:, Librairie Arthème Fayard, Paris, 1965
1310:
1219:
783:superintendent of the Queen's household
680:Due to her role in royal adultery, the
135: 1663; died 1691)
2062:Surintendante de la Maison de la Reine
1758:
1710:
1635:(St. Martin's Press (12 October 2003)
1394:
1286:, Madame de Montespan's youngest child
1247:, with her older brunette sister, the
1174:Legitimised in November 1681. Married
422:to the king's sister-in-law, Princess
2054:Olympia Mancini, Countess of Soissons
1361:(in French). Calmann-Levy. p. 31
244:
7:
206:Gabriel de Rochechouart de Mortemart
178:Louise Françoise, Duchess of Bourbon
121:Louis Henri de Pardaillan de Gondrin
2152:Household of Maria Theresa of Spain
1585:"Code of Canon Law | Canon 920. §2"
1342:
831:in the evidence brought before the
551:Governess of the Children of France
188:Françoise Marie, Duchess of Orléans
110:Pardaillan de Gondrin (by marriage)
1935:Athénaïs: The Real Queen of France
1907:VI, Mercure de France, Paris, 1965
1792:Petitfils, Jean-Christian (1988).
1563:Athenais: The Real Queen of France
1188:Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse
362:region in France. Françoise (as a
193:Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse
14:
2074:Marie Anne de Bourbon (1697–1741)
1901:Les Souvenirs de Madame de Caylus
1502:, p. 29, Calman-Lévy, Paris, 1930
1122:Legitimised on 20 December 1673.
1995:
1981:
1843:
1358:Lettres sur la cour de Louis XIV
1275:
1267:some time after her marriage to
1257:
1234:
1222:
665:, assisted by six judges at the
579:. Montespan's youngest son, the
223:
2102:People from Vienne (department)
759:Marquise de Montespan from the
456:, who was one year her junior.
370:Mademoiselle de Tonnay-Charente
132:
2142:House of Pardaillan de Gondrin
2022:Memoirs of Madame de Montespan
1512:Silverman, Leah (2020-03-05).
851:From the end of 1680 onwards,
541:. In France, she was known as
1:
1925:Freeman-Mitford, Nancy (Hon.)
1726:. Versailles.forumculture.net
1229:With her children, about 1677
1158:Legitimised in January 1676.
763:Gallery of Historical Figures
641:; and the third, a daughter,
274:Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans
1796:(in French). Paris: Fayard.
1176:Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
1148:Louise Marie Anne de Bourbon
1076:Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine
797:Gabriel Nicolas de La Reynie
474:Église Saint-Eustache, Paris
168:Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine
163:Louis Antoine, Duke of Antin
1946:Petitfils, Jean-Christian,
1128:Louise Françoise de Bourbon
1112:Louis César, Count of Vexin
1062:Louise Françoise de Bourbon
643:Louise-Françoise de Bourbon
633:; the second child, a son,
545:. A scandal arose when the
494:Louis de Buade de Frontenac
388:, queen consort of France.
268:in 1663. She then became a
173:Louis César, Count of Vexin
78:Lussac-les-Châteaux, France
2180:
1943:, Calman-Lévy, Paris, 1930
1823:(in French). Paris: Plon.
1269:Louis III, Prince of Condé
1164:Françoise Marie de Bourbon
1155:15 September 1681 (aged 6)
1140:Louis III, Prince of Condé
995:Louis-Auguste de Bourbon,
926:Appearance and personality
707:Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon
699:Françoise Marie de Bourbon
498:Charles Auguste de la Fare
246:[madamdəmɔ̃tɛspɑ̃]
2070:
2058:
2050:
2045:
1296:In the 1979 comedy movie
1195:1 December 1737 (aged 59)
1171:1 February 1749 (aged 72)
1119:10 January 1683 (aged 10)
1100:Grand Master of Artillery
1068:23 February 1672 (aged 2)
978:Premier architecte du Roi
842:Claude de Vin des Œillets
516:Henrietta Anne of England
28:
2162:17th-century French nuns
2137:18th-century French nuns
2127:French ladies-in-waiting
1962:Le Château de Versailles
1783:Fraser, Antonia (2006).
1748:. Versailles1687.free.fr
1321:, Little, Brown 2002, 4.
1212:Grand Huntsman of France
1065:at the end of March 1669
1035:marbre rose des Pyrénées
627:Louis-Auguste de Bourbon
543:Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche
2122:Marquesses of Montespan
2107:Mistresses of Louis XIV
2065:to the Queen of France
1950:, Perrin, Paris, 1999,
1890:Archives de la Bastille
1866:Encyclopædia Britannica
1682:. Paris-pittoresque.com
1658:Geography of Witchcraft
539:María Teresa de Austria
526:. The daughter of King
374:Gabriel de Rochechouart
1894:Bibliothèque Nationale
1744:varman7 (2002-04-18).
1724:"Le chateau de Clagny"
1537:Levi, Anthony (2004).
1518:All That's Interesting
1250:Mademoiselle de Nantes
1135:16 June 1743 (aged 70)
1017:
974:Jules Hardouin-Mansart
965:
875:Filles de Saint-Joseph
865:
764:
745:
729:Royal scandal and fall
725:
694:
677:
647:Mademoiselle de Nantes
635:Louis-César de Bourbon
604:
597:Mademoiselle de Nantes
577:Anne Jules de Noailles
524:Maria Theresa of Spain
519:
442:Maria Theresa of Spain
343:
297:Filles de Saint-Joseph
2147:Affair of the Poisons
2117:House of Rochechouart
1819:Rat, Maurice (1959).
1680:"Rue Saint Dominique"
1488:duc et pair de France
1244:Mademoiselle de Blois
1083:14 May 1736 (aged 66)
1041:Children by Louis XIV
1027:Trianon de porcelaine
1022:Trianon de Porcelaine
1014:Trianon de Porcelaine
1011:
1004:Trianon de porcelaine
959:
920:Bourbon-l'Archambault
857:Jean-Baptiste Colbert
758:
736:
720:Mme de Montespan, by
719:
703:Mademoiselle de Blois
682:Roman Catholic Church
675:
625:. The eldest, a son,
611:marquise de Maintenon
601:Mademoiselle de Tours
594:
587:Illegitimate children
566:Louise de La Vallière
557:for her husband, the
547:Duchess of Montausier
514:
338:
293:Affair of the Poisons
286:Louise de La Vallière
262:House of Rochechouart
93:Bourbon-l'Archambault
2157:French marchionesses
1917:Erlanger, Philippe,
1910:Erlanger, Philippe,
1899:Caylus (Madame de),
1667:Kessinger Publishing
1618:Erlanger, Philippe,
1605:Erlanger, Philippe,
1587:. The Holy See. 1983
936:Palace of Versailles
779:Duchess of Fontanges
458:Madame de La Fayette
378:Diane de Grandseigne
266:Marquis of Montespan
215:Diane de Grandseigne
1821:La Royale Montespan
1794:Madame de Montespan
1494:. See: Lenotre, G.
880:rue Saint-Dominique
820:comte de Vermandois
792:Affaire des Poisons
770:Affaire des Poisons
750:Affaire des Poisons
532:Elisabeth de France
407:, where her sister
358:department, in the
352:Lussac-les-Châteaux
238:Madame de Montespan
58:Lussac-les-Châteaux
23:Madame de Montespan
1713:, pp. 104–105
1468:www.britannica.com
1443:Aspects of History
1299:Love at First Bite
1292:In popular culture
1018:
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818:Louis de Bourbon,
765:
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678:
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599:; Count of Vexin;
559:Duke of Montausier
528:Philip IV of Spain
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2071:Succeeded by
2027:Project Gutenberg
2015:Project Gutenberg
1905:le Temps retrouvé
1888:preserved in the
1397:, Chapter 6, p. .
1284:Count of Toulouse
1218:
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1200:Admiral of France
1094:, General of the
982:Madame de Sévigné
970:Château de Clagny
962:Château de Clagny
952:Château de Clagny
884:marshal of France
878:convent, in the
711:comte de Toulouse
663:Achille de Harlay
659:Procureur général
581:Count of Toulouse
486:Madame de Sévigné
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603:; Duke of Maine
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1750:. Retrieved
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488:and diarist
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272:to Princess
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106:Rochechouart
101:Noble family
88:(1707-05-27)
54:October 1640
2112:1680 crimes
2097:1707 deaths
2092:1640 births
1837:Attribution
1711:Fraser 2006
1395:Fraser 2006
1192:6 June 1678
1132:1 June 1673
907:La Fontaine
619:legitimised
490:Saint-Simon
86:27 May 1707
2086:Categories
2068:1679–1683
1956:2262012938
1777:References
1752:2009-05-19
1730:2009-05-19
1686:2009-05-19
1548:0786713097
1523:2021-12-29
1473:2021-12-29
1449:2021-12-29
1104:Maine Line
813:black mass
686:absolution
623:de Bourbon
354:, today’s
331:Early life
325:Luxembourg
108:(by birth)
1948:Louis XIV
1919:Louis XIV
1912:Louis XIV
1620:Louis XIV
1607:Louis XIV
1539:Louis XIV
1092:Languedoc
899:Corneille
829:La Voisin
805:La Voisin
801:poisoning
738:Louis XIV
645:, became
478:Christine
466:Trémoille
428:honorific
424:Henrietta
413:Communion
409:Gabrielle
365:précieuse
280:to Queen
255:Louis XIV
220:Signature
115:Spouse(s)
41:Full name
1812:19413537
1761:cite web
1645:habituée
1343:Rat 1959
1208:Brittany
724:, c.1670
667:Châtelet
504:Rise as
448:Marriage
317:Portugal
313:Bulgaria
253:of King
95:, France
73:Baptised
2036:at the
1854::
1829:1847915
1669:, 2003)
1492:Dauphin
1365:4 March
1204:Guyenne
1096:Galleys
853:Louvois
555:Dauphin
537:Infanta
405:Saintes
401:St Mary
397:Convent
348:Château
321:Belgium
242:French:
137:
129:
125:
1954:
1848:
1827:
1810:
1800:
1639:
1545:
1210:, and
1178:, the
1098:, and
1057:Notes
947:Legacy
941:Quanto
905:, and
903:Racine
470:Fronde
433:Madame
393:esprit
356:Vienne
212:Mother
202:Father
148:Detail
66:France
62:Poitou
2025:from
1306:Notes
1054:Death
1051:Birth
913:Death
868:Exile
309:Italy
305:Spain
143:Issue
131:(
127:
1952:ISBN
1825:OCLC
1808:OCLC
1798:ISBN
1767:link
1637:ISBN
1593:2014
1543:ISBN
1367:2018
1282:The
1048:Name
968:The
767:The
530:and
496:and
380:, a
323:and
83:Died
51:Born
2013:at
1863:".
1661:by
1037:).
430:of
403:at
399:of
384:to
350:of
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1927:,
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133:m.
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240:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
