85:
264:, with reinforcements and supplies were also captured by Alaungpaya, when Alaungpaya forced Bruno to write a letter to trick them. The French captains were killed and the 200 sailors forced to join the Burmese army Sieur de Bruno was roasted to death. From the two ships, Alaugpaya managed to put his hands on 35 ships guns (24 pounders), five field guns, 1300 muskets, and a large quantity of ammunitions. France was precluded from further intervention in Burma, with the advent of the
38:
2424:
530:
2663:
2390:
395:
68:
1519:
2675:
57:
1459:
A Voyage to the East-Indies and China; Performed by Order of Lewis XV. Between the Years 1774 and 1781. Containing A Description of the
Manners, Religion, Arts, and Scieneces, of the Indians, Chinese, Pegouins, and of the Islanders of Madagascar; Also Observations on the Cape of Good Hope, the Isles
410:
attempted to break the stalemate with Great
Britain by trying to establish an alliance with France to obtain recognition and aid. This led to strong tensions between France and Great Britain. In the end, in spite of the dispatch of a Burmese mission to Paris, France refused in 1884 to sign a treaty
419:
and negotiated the establishment of a French Bank in Burma, a concession for a railway from
Mandalay to the northern border of British Burma and a French role in running monopolies controlled by the Burmese government. A secret treaty signed between Hass and king Thibaw was disclosed. The British
280:
The French troops with their guns and muskets were incorporated in the
Burmese army as gunners, and played a key role in the later battles between the Burmese and the Mons. They were treated well and received Burmese wives. They became an elite corps, which was to play an important role in the
247:
In Syriam, Sieur de Bruno was helping the Mons in organizing their defense. Sieur de Bruno was insistently requesting more help from
Pondicherry. He acted as a military advisor to the Mons, and French warships participated in fighting against the Burmese in Syriam and Dagon (ancient
209:. The Mons swiftly rejected the offer after listening to the counsel of Bruno, who had considerable influence at the Mon court and was especially on excellent terms with the Heir Apparent. Saunders finally decided to land at Negrais instead, occupying the island on 26 April 1753.
255:
Alaungpaya on the other hand was asking the
British for guns and ammunitions. Alaungpaya managed to capture Syriam in July 1756. Sieur de Bruno and the other French with him were captured and tortured. Two French ships arriving two days after the capture of Syriam,
509:
Trade between France and
Myanmar has increased significantly since 2012: French exports to Myanmar rose from €19 million in 2012 to €129 million in 2017 and imports from €66.1 million to €224 million. In 2018, France was the 12th largest investor in Myanmar.
431:
The French government recalled Haas, who was removed allegedly "for reasons of health". While the French had backed down in Burma, the French actions as well as many other events nevertheless convinced the
British to finally annex Upper Burma. Finally, the
137:
236:. The Mons had to retreat, as Alaunpaya first recovered northern Burma, capturing the city of Ava on 14 January 1754. By February 1755, Central Burma was secured. The Burmese soon threatened the capital of
339:
welcomed Feraud's embassy, and accepted
Ferraud's offer for trade, in exchange for the supply of guns and ammunitions. The king remitted a letter of agreement, which Feraud brought back to Pondicherry.
194:, triggering an official request by Dupleix to the French court to obtain the necessary military support. Sieur de Bruno obtained a treaty and formed an alliance between France and the Mons.
695:
Liang, p. 14. ("In July 1751, Dupleix sent Sieur de Bruno to Burma and negotiated a treaty by which, in return for commercial concessions, the Mons were to receive substantial French aid.")
490:
On June, 7, 2022 Myanmar's junta expressed strong displeasure at a French embassy statement calling it an "illegitimate military regime", warning of potential harm to bilateral relations.
2378:
1585:
1507:
463:, ambassador-level diplomatic relationships between France and Burma were established in 1948, soon after the Burmese nation became an independent republic on 4 January 1948, as
686:
Harrison, p. 148. ("Soon after his arrival in 1751 the agent, Sieur de Bruno, reported back to
Pondicherry that the Irrawaddy delta could easily be conquered by a small force.")
1135:
406:
sent an embassy to Europe, led by his confidant, the Kinwun Mingyi, leading to the signature of a commercial treaty with France on 24 January 1873. Further, in 1883, king
487:, the French Government has strongly condemned the ruling junta and "the systematic dismantling of the rule of law in Burma that has taken place since the coup d'état.".
2327:
994:
Rapson et al., p. 437. ("What forced the English to act was that France, having won an empire in Indo-China, now tried to dominate Upper Burma by peaceful penetration.")
726:
The New Encyclopædia Britannica, page 752, Robert McHenry, 1993: "Assailed from all sides, Ava fell to the Mons in 1752; and the whole of Myanmar passed under Mon rule".
304:
villages, with the spiritual support of a priest. To this day, some Catholic villages are still extant in the area where an awareness of some European ancestry remains.
1114:
1039:
1085:
1570:
371:, France became less capable of involvement in faraway theaters such as Burma. Great Britain on the contrary was able to increase its influence, leading to the
704:
Lamb, p. 64. ("In 1751 Dupleix sent the Sieur de Bruno to Pegu to initiate an alliance between the French and the Mon Government at Pegu against the Burmans.")
212:
However, Dupleix's proposals to take control of the Irrawaddy delta were rejected by the French government, strongly limiting his capacity to intervene there.
384:
1580:
182:
A few years later, a Mon envoy visited Dupleix requesting French help in the fight against the Burmese. Dupleix promised men and munitions and dispatched
2371:
1996:
1035:
787:, p. 382. ("Moreover, the Mons were aided by a brilliant Frenchman, the Sieur de Bruno, whom Dupleix had sent some years earlier to Pegu as his agent.")
651:, p. 62. ("Dupleix promised them men and munitions, but before deciding how far to commit himself he sent over his agent, the Sieur de Bruno, to Pegu.")
932:, page 79 by John F. Cady, 1976: "In 1872, Mindon had dispatched a high-level diplomatic mission to Europe, headed by his confidant, the Kinwun Mingyi"
351:, the king of Burma clearly specified that French arm trade should involve him only. As a result of the embassy, the French obtained a large ground in
1500:
411:
promising that France would come to the support of Burma in case a third power would attack it, only suggesting the possibility of arm shipments from
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2177:
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1189:
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2107:
1781:
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1991:
1956:
1680:
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2122:
1966:
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1832:
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2579:
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2193:
1961:
1941:
1869:
1852:
1801:
1711:
1645:
1481:
84:
498:
2594:
2574:
2564:
2548:
2458:
2284:
2203:
2137:
2077:
2037:
1981:
1936:
1916:
1842:
1771:
1746:
1736:
1716:
1685:
1600:
1590:
1264:
983:
870:
484:
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1467:
818:
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2533:
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2142:
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2062:
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2042:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2001:
1911:
1859:
1822:
1796:
1695:
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1650:
1620:
1555:
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596:
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2152:
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2127:
2117:
2102:
2072:
2047:
1986:
1976:
1891:
1837:
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1726:
1721:
1665:
1560:
372:
2423:
1523:
1269:
1194:
591:
2483:
2157:
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1971:
1951:
1926:
1896:
1864:
1847:
1756:
1731:
1660:
1625:
1615:
1605:
1595:
447:, French interest in Burma would become almost non-existent, while France would concentrate in the establishment of
947:
155:
140:
2279:
2198:
1906:
1879:
1874:
1766:
1741:
1690:
1635:
1575:
894:
317:
190:
in July 1751. Sieur de Bruno reported back that a few hundred French troops would be able to take control of the
108:
1457:
SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research, Vol. 2, No. 2, Autumn 2004, ISSN 1479-8484 ("A voyage to Pegu", translation of
1162:
971:
1110:
960:
1238:
433:
735:
Encyclopædia Britannica 1970 Page 441 "In 1752 they captured Ava and the Toungoo dynasty finally collapsed"
421:
493:
In September 2023, France pledges to support international efforts for justice and accountability in the
494:
444:
201:
attempted to counter the French moves in the region by sending a military force to survey the island of
1216:
1306:
Europe and Burma: A Study of European Relations with Burma to the Annexation of Thibaw's Kingdom, 1886
565:
909:
265:
96:
884:, page 17 by Frank N. Trager, 1966: "he acknowledged the presents of their ambassador, Feraud..."
380:
206:
1436:
1421:
1406:
1380:
1365:
1350:
1335:
1320:
1017:
857:
572:
364:
745:
2640:
1136:"French oil giant TotalEnergies withdraws from Myanmar over 'worsening' human rights abuses"
448:
332:
294:
290:
148:
394:
158:
had started to show interest in Burma since 1727, on account of the country's abundance in
2667:
2262:
1463:
437:
301:
229:
191:
1086:"Joint Statement Bangladesh – France : Partnership for Peace, Prosperity and People"
468:
376:
348:
324:. He obtained a trade treaty, and the establishment of a French factory in the city of
183:
112:
2662:
529:
17:
2689:
2679:
1163:"2 big energy firms exit Myanmar over human rights abuses by the military government"
517:
announced it would be withdrawing from Myanmar over "worsening human rights abuses".
514:
205:
under Captain Thomas Taylor. He also tried to negotiate the cession of Syriam to the
1536:
1243:
579:
460:
293:, was ultimately nominated Captain of the Guard and Master of the Ordnance for the
152:
428:, warned that "if Ava refuses to stop the treaty, annexation will be inevitable".
571:
In June 2016, French Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Development
425:
388:
336:
282:
232:. Soon however, the Burmese were able to repel the Mons under the leadership of
187:
186:
with the objective of developing French influence in the country. He arrived at
171:
1379:. Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan (1990).
568:
in Paris. This was the first ever visit of a Myanmar head of state to France.
440:(1884–1885), resulted in the annexation of Upper Burma by Great Britain.
561:
407:
403:
344:
233:
221:
1021:
1347:
Power and Plenty: Trade, War, and the World Economy in the Second Millennium
1309:
1298:
1140:
313:
163:
1451:
1395:
416:
368:
1433:
Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor
1339:
1005:
2389:
1324:
375:(1823–1826) and the incorporation of the Burmese Empire into the
352:
325:
286:
249:
202:
100:
72:
1392:
The Mandarin Road to Old Hué: Narratives of Anglo-Vietnamese Diplomacy
1518:
1061:"Myanmar Junta Slams France Over 'Illegitimate' Snub, Threatens Ties"
412:
269:
241:
198:
167:
116:
104:
61:
300:
When they reached old age, the French soldiers were able to retire
174:. The shipyard was abandoned in 1742 due to the revolt of the Mon.
136:
1190:"Hollande urged to push Myanmar reform as Thein Sein visits Paris"
959:
Burma Under British Rule—and Before, page 56 by John Nisbet, 1901
393:
321:
135:
120:
83:
166:. As a result, a French shipyard was established in the city of
472:
343:
Given the previous involvement of the French with the dissident
237:
225:
159:
2360:
2311:
2260:
1534:
1489:
1167:
524:
1403:
Burma's Foreign Relations: Neutralism in Theory and Practise
1466:, Commissary of the Marine, (Vol. III, book 4, chapter 2).
1362:
History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824
228:
in 1752, and overran most of Burma, putting an end to the
216:
Participation in the Burman-Mon conflict (1751–1756)
541:
220:
Following their 1740 revolt against Burmese rule, the
2651:
107:. Relations began in the early 18th century, as the
2624:
2608:
2557:
2431:
2401:
2227:
2186:
2010:
1810:
1704:
1548:
44:
1479:Miscellaneous Letters on Burma, 1755–1760, I
1460:of Ceylon, Malacca, the Philippines, and Moluccas.
1265:"French trade minister to visit Myanmar next week"
436:(1885), staged while France was occupied with the
1115:Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)
1040:Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)
942:
940:
938:
415:. In 1885, the French consul M. Hass moved to
355:where they were able to establish warehouses.
331:The arrival of the embassy was facilitated by
2372:
1501:
1006:"Franco-British Rivalry over Siam, 1896-1904"
813:
811:
809:
8:
1239:"France's Foreign Minister to Visit Myanmar"
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
111:was attempting to extend its influence into
30:
132:French shipyard in Syriam (1729–1742)
2379:
2365:
2357:
2308:
2257:
1545:
1531:
1508:
1494:
1486:
882:Burma: A Historical and Political Analysis
451:from the second half of the 19th century.
1036:"Burma/Myanmar - the political situation"
905:
903:
830:
828:
826:
795:
793:
1319:. Macmillan, St. Martin's Press (1964).
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
2658:
1345:Findlay, Ronald and Kevin H. O'Rourke.
607:
398:19th century Burmese mission to France.
143:initiated French intervention in Burma.
308:Resumption of official contacts (1769)
29:
1450:. Cambridge University Press (1932).
1420:. Cambridge University Press (2001).
1364:. Asian Educational Services (2000).
1349:. Princeton University Press (2007).
1237:Prashanth Parameswaran (2016-06-14).
893:James, Helen. "Hsinbyushin". In Ooi,
359:Franco-British rivalry (19th century)
7:
578:In July 2017, French Trade Minister
1377:The Burmese Polity, 1752–1819
1308:. Oxford University Press (1945).
1217:"Interview: The French Connection"
1010:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
513:In January 2022, French oil giant
25:
1334:(2nd edition). Macmillan (1963).
1297:(3rd edition). Hutchison (1960).
312:In 1769, a French embassy led by
2673:
2661:
2422:
2388:
1517:
1332:South-east Asia: A Short History
560:In July 2013, Myanmar President
528:
66:
55:
36:
2701:Bilateral relations of Myanmar
2632:Diplomatic missions of Myanmar
1448:The Cambridge History of India
1394:. Chatto & Windus (1970).
499:International Court of Justice
119:and Myanmar has an embassy in
1:
2706:Bilateral relations of France
2333:Diplomatic missions of France
2323:French entry into World War I
475:as its first Prime Minister.
2395:Foreign relations of Myanmar
1586:Democratic Republic of Congo
1446:Rapson, Edward James et al.
1317:A History of South-east Asia
785:A History of South-east Asia
597:Foreign relations of Myanmar
424:, the Chief Commissioner of
316:was sent to resume official
281:Burmese battles against the
197:Governor Thomas Saunders of
178:Intervention in Burma (1751)
170:in 1729, building ships for
2328:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1747:Dominica, (Commonwealth of)
1524:Foreign relations of France
1270:Radio France Internationale
1195:Radio France Internationale
1004:Goldman, Minton F. (1972).
930:The United States and Burma
592:Foreign relations of France
471:as its first President and
115:. France has an embassy in
88:Embassy of Myanmar in Paris
2722:
1418:The Making of Modern Burma
946:Chandler & Steinberg,
2420:
2318:
2307:
2270:
2256:
1544:
1530:
318:French East India Company
240:, as well as the city of
109:French East India Company
78:
65:
54:
35:
2696:France–Myanmar relations
1571:Central African Republic
485:2021 Myanmar coup d'état
420:reacted diplomatically.
381:Second Anglo-Burmese War
367:in 1789 and the rise of
93:France-Myanmar relations
31:France-Myanmar relations
2290:Commonwealth of Nations
443:With the completion of
434:Third Anglo-Burmese War
373:First Anglo–Burmese War
363:With the advent of the
156:Joseph François Dupleix
141:Joseph François Dupleix
399:
144:
89:
18:France-Burma relations
1581:Republic of the Congo
564:met French President
459:Following the end of
445:British rule in Burma
397:
139:
87:
1997:United Arab Emirates
1111:"France and Myanmar"
335:. The king of Burma
2625:Diplomatic missions
1777:Trinidad and Tobago
1375:Koenig, William J.
289:. One of them, the
272:(1756–1763).
97:bilateral relations
32:
27:Bilateral relations
1435:. ABC-CLIO (2004)
1405:. Praeger (1990).
540:. You can help by
505:Economic relations
400:
276:French elite corps
207:East India Company
145:
90:
2649:
2648:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2303:
2302:
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2251:
2248:
2247:
1441:978-1-57607-770-2
1426:978-0-521-79914-0
1411:978-0-275-93455-2
1401:Liang, Chi Shad.
1385:978-0-89148-056-3
1370:978-81-206-1365-2
1355:978-0-691-11854-3
1330:Harrison, Brian.
920:SOAS, p. 194
664:, p. 78–79.
638:Harrison, p. 148.
582:visited Myanmar.
575:visited Myanmar.
573:Jean-Marc Ayrault
566:François Hollande
558:
557:
521:High level visits
495:Gambia v. Myanmar
365:French Revolution
82:
81:
16:(Redirected from
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1885:Kurdistan Region
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1390:Lamb, Alastair.
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649:Europe and Burma
645:
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623:
553:
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532:
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479:Modern relations
449:French Indochina
333:Chevalier Milard
295:Konbaung dynasty
291:Chevalier Milard
266:Seven Years' War
149:Governor-General
70:
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59:
58:
40:
33:
21:
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2006:
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1464:Pierre Sonnerat
1431:Ooi, Keat Gin.
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538:needs expansion
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438:Sino-French war
422:Charles Bernard
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230:Toungoo dynasty
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192:Irrawaddy Delta
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549:February 2023
543:
539:
536:This section
534:
531:
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518:
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515:TotalEnergies
511:
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39:
34:
19:
2569:
2514:Saudi Arabia
2263:Multilateral
2235:Soviet Union
1992:Turkmenistan
1957:Saudi Arabia
1921:
1681:South Africa
1478:
1458:
1447:
1432:
1417:
1402:
1391:
1376:
1361:
1346:
1331:
1316:
1310:OCLC 1444846
1305:
1299:OCLC 4379359
1294:
1275:. Retrieved
1273:. 2017-07-25
1268:
1259:
1248:. Retrieved
1244:The Diplomat
1242:
1232:
1221:. Retrieved
1219:. 2014-03-15
1211:
1200:. Retrieved
1198:. 2013-07-17
1193:
1184:
1173:. Retrieved
1171:. 2022-01-21
1166:
1157:
1146:. Retrieved
1144:. 2022-01-21
1139:
1130:
1119:. Retrieved
1117:. 2018-06-01
1105:
1094:. Retrieved
1092:. 2023-09-11
1089:
1080:
1069:. Retrieved
1067:. 2022-06-07
1064:
1055:
1044:. Retrieved
1042:. 2023-02-01
1030:
1013:
1009:
999:
990:
978:
966:
955:
929:
925:
916:
889:
881:
877:
865:
835:
800:
784:
779:
774:, p. 78, 81.
771:
766:
761:, p. 77
758:
753:
740:
731:
722:
717:, p. 80
714:
709:
700:
691:
682:
674:
669:
661:
656:
648:
643:
634:
626:
580:Nicole Bricq
577:
570:
559:
546:
542:adding to it
537:
512:
508:
497:case at the
492:
489:
482:
464:
461:World War II
458:
455:20th century
442:
430:
401:
383:(1852), the
379:. After the
362:
342:
330:
311:
299:
279:
261:
257:
254:
246:
219:
211:
196:
181:
153:French India
146:
92:
91:
2524:South Korea
2509:Philippines
2499:North Korea
2209:New Zealand
2168:Switzerland
2123:Netherlands
1967:South Korea
1947:Philippines
1932:North Korea
1818:Afghanistan
1752:El Salvador
1611:Ivory Coast
1452:OCLC 875984
1396:OCLC 107258
426:Lower Burma
389:Lower Burma
337:Hsinbyushin
188:Bago, Burma
172:Pondicherry
2690:Categories
2636:in Myanmar
2616:Yugoslavia
2454:East Timor
2439:Bangladesh
2240:Yugoslavia
2113:Luxembourg
1902:Kazakhstan
1833:Bangladesh
1828:Azerbaijan
1789:(historic)
1656:Mozambique
1641:Mauritania
1631:Madagascar
1566:Cape Verde
1288:References
1277:2023-02-15
1250:2023-02-15
1223:2023-02-15
1202:2023-02-15
1175:2023-02-15
1148:2023-02-15
1121:2023-02-15
1096:2023-10-16
1071:2023-10-16
1046:2023-02-15
970:Morrison,
562:Thein Sein
483:Since the
408:Thibaw Min
234:Alaungpaya
2529:Sri Lanka
2519:Singapore
2469:Indonesia
2414:Venezuela
2337:in France
2313:Diplomacy
2265:relations
2194:Australia
1962:Singapore
1942:Palestine
1870:Indonesia
1853:Hong Kong
1802:Venezuela
1712:Argentina
1646:Mauritius
1539:relations
1537:Bilateral
1141:France 24
1090:elysee.fr
1022:0022-4634
982:Myint-U,
869:Myint-U,
817:Findlay,
314:M. Feraud
164:crude oil
2668:Politics
2580:Holy See
2539:Thailand
2504:Pakistan
2489:Malaysia
2402:Americas
2285:Americas
2204:Kiribati
2138:Portugal
2078:Holy See
2038:Bulgaria
1982:Thailand
1937:Pakistan
1917:Malaysia
1843:Cambodia
1772:Suriname
1737:Colombia
1717:Barbados
1705:Americas
1686:Tanzania
1601:Ethiopia
1591:Djibouti
856:Harvey,
838:, p. 82.
677:, p. 79.
629:, p. 78.
586:See also
417:Mandalay
387:annexed
369:Napoleon
285:and the
262:Galathée
99:between
95:are the
2654:Portals
2595:Ukraine
2575:Germany
2565:Denmark
2549:Vietnam
2459:Georgia
2219:Vanuatu
2187:Oceania
2173:Ukraine
2143:Romania
2093:Ireland
2088:Iceland
2083:Hungary
2068:Germany
2063:Finland
2058:Denmark
2043:Croatia
2033:Belgium
2028:Austria
2023:Andorra
2018:Albania
2002:Vietnam
1922:Myanmar
1912:Lebanon
1860:Georgia
1823:Armenia
1797:Uruguay
1696:Tunisia
1676:Somalia
1671:Senegal
1651:Morocco
1621:Liberia
1556:Algeria
1340:1239026
803:, p. 81
467:, with
353:Rangoon
326:Rangoon
287:Manchus
283:Siamese
250:Rangoon
224:sacked
203:Negrais
127:History
101:Myanmar
73:Myanmar
2680:France
2609:Former
2590:Serbia
2585:Russia
2570:France
2558:Europe
2544:Turkey
2534:Taiwan
2474:Israel
2444:Brunei
2275:Africa
2228:Former
2163:Sweden
2153:Serbia
2148:Russia
2133:Poland
2128:Norway
2118:Monaco
2103:Kosovo
2073:Greece
2048:Cyprus
2011:Europe
1987:Turkey
1977:Taiwan
1892:Israel
1838:Brunei
1787:Texas
1762:Mexico
1727:Canada
1722:Brazil
1666:Rwanda
1561:Angola
1549:Africa
1439:
1424:
1409:
1383:
1368:
1353:
1338:
1325:411176
1323:
1020:
984:p. 188
948:p. 181
910:Koenig
895:p. 611
858:p. 231
834:Hall,
819:p. 277
799:Hall,
783:Hall,
770:Hall,
757:Hall,
744:Lang,
713:Hall,
673:Hall,
660:Hall,
647:Hall,
625:Hall,
413:Tonkin
404:Mindon
347:under
302:Shwebo
270:Europe
258:Fleury
242:Syriam
199:Madras
168:Syriam
117:Yangon
105:France
62:France
2494:Nepal
2479:Japan
2464:India
2449:China
2341:Paris
2158:Spain
2098:Italy
1972:Syria
1952:Qatar
1927:Nepal
1897:Japan
1865:India
1848:China
1757:Haiti
1732:Chile
1661:Niger
1626:Libya
1616:Kenya
1606:Gabon
1596:Egypt
1295:Burma
972:p. 29
871:p. 27
836:Burma
801:Burma
772:Burma
759:Burma
746:p. 28
715:Burma
675:Burma
662:Burma
627:Burma
603:Notes
322:Burma
121:Paris
2484:Laos
2432:Asia
2280:Asia
2199:Fiji
1907:Laos
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