705:
1025:
412:
1075:
510:
1063:
1013:
1087:
366:
1039:
550:, in which France recognized the Franco government as the legitimate government of Spain and agreed to return Spanish property of various types (including, among others. weapons and munitions, gold reserves, art and livestock) previously in the possession of the Republicans to the Nationalists. In return, the new Spanish government agreed to good neighborly relations, colonial cooperation in Morocco, and made informal assurances to repatriate the more than 400,000 refugees that had fled from the Nationalists'
1051:
29:
4234:
1107:
3569:
276:
2519:
4246:
48:
3390:
4258:
59:
2473:
2118:
2463:
628:, relations gradually improved. The Pyrenean border was re-opened again in February 1948. Several months later France (along with Britain) signed a commercial agreement with the Franco government. Relations further improved in 1950 when the French government, concerned about international subversion, forced the
611:
in Spain. The Franco government criticized the action, commenting that many refugees from France had used the same border to escape to safety in Spain during the war. Several days after the border closing, France issued a diplomatic note with the United States and
Britain calling for the formation of
663:
attacks were aimed at overthrowing the government of Franco, and did not feel targeted by ETA. The reason for this was the help that regime of Franco gave to the terrorist organization OAS and because of that when ETA started to kill people de Gaulle gave them shelter in the French Basque
Country,
616:, who was turned over to the Allies in July 1945. One French report claimed that 100,000 Nazis and collaborators were sheltered in Spain. The Soviet Union declared there were 200,000 Nazis in the country and that Franco was manufacturing nuclear weapons and intended to invade France in 1946.
251:
right to vote in the
Barcelone Courts in the next centuries. This situation generated numerous territorial conflicts between the two kingdoms to control what is now the south of France and the north of Spain (the support of Aragon to the Count of Toulouse, death in Perpignan of
242:
did not stay in the cities (the first assault was launched 6 July 985; withdrew their troops 23 July), but this incursion was arguably the first step of a process of independence of the county of
Barcelona from the kingdom of France, and heralded what would become the
361:
and the
Spanish municipality of Irun. Both settlements, and therefore their countries, took sovereignty of the island for six months out of each year. After Philip IV of Spain defeat, Marie-Thérèse of Austria, Infant of Spain, was married to the king of France Louis
612:
a new provisional government in Madrid. Additionally, Spain's formerly close relationship with Italy and Nazi
Germany led to suspicion and accusations. Some Nazis and French collaborators fled to Francoist Spain following the end of the war, most notably
579:. This scepticism towards Spanish involvement on German behalf was further strengthened when the Spanish government got news of German cooperation with the Soviet Union, formerly a supporter of the Spanish Republicans during the civil war, under the 1939
854:
live in France, while it is also estimated that 144,039 people in France were born in Spain. Currently, it is estimated that there are more than 125,000 French residents in Spain and more than 275,000 Spanish residents in France. Furthermore, after
594:
With the restoration of the French government in the latter part of the Second World War, relations between Spain and France became more complex. Exiled
Spanish Communists had infiltrated northern Spain from France via the
570:
and subsequent alignment with the German and
Italian fascists resulted in a military buildup in colonial Morocco, in spite of the promise of cooperative policy in that area. Spain was however unwilling to be drawn into
671:
In recent years, due to an improving economy in Spain, the balance between France and Spain has shifted somewhat. The balance has also changed because of the democratization of Spain since the death of Franco in 1975.
539:, a small exclaved Spanish city 3 km (2 mi) into France, becoming territory of the defeated Republican Army. No conclusion was reached and the French authorities allowed the Nationalists to occupy Llívia.
839:. The Spanish artist Pablo Picasso, resident in the French capital Paris since 1901, was refused naturalisation shortly after Franco took control of Spain, but remained in Paris until his death in 1973.
1024:
704:
546:
during the civil war, and had to readjust its foreign policy towards Spain in the fact of the
Nationalists' imminent victory. On 25 February 1939, France and Francoist Spain signed the
1768:
Updating Common
Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism and repealing Common Position 2009/67/CFSP (Council Common Position 2009/468/CFSP).
1074:
2585:
732:
chose to go to France as its first diplomatic visit since his accession. The visit was widely regarded as a way to hail the excellent bilateral relations between France and Spain.
2507:
3533:
3433:
3378:
473:
was imprisoned by Napoleon, but still remained recognized as Spanish monarch by Napoleon's adversaries. He returned to the throne in 1813 after the defeat of the French in the
1062:
513:
Border stone between France and the Spanish city of Llívia. After a stalled deal to allow the defeated Republican Army control the city, France permitted Spain to control it.
2133:
2213:
234:
This vassalty of Marca Hispanica and Navarre to the Frankish empire remained effective up to 985. At that point, because his armies were mobilized in the Verdum's county,
3327:
1086:
566:, became the French ambassador to the new Spanish government. Spain would later undermine the spirit of the Bérard-Jordana Agreement when the Spanish entry into the
238:
and his Byzantine allies did not assist Navarre and Marca Hispanica in its defense against the Caliph, implying that they failed to defend Barcelona from the Arabs.
1868:
2570:
1914:
2100:
1012:
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and hardship immediately after spurred Spanish migration to the more developed and democratic France, which had a labour shortage in the aftermath of the
2996:
458:
invaded Spain and named his brother Joseph as King of Spain as part of a plan to get closer to invading Britain's ally, Portugal. The British under the
2500:
3898:
2776:
247:. While independent of France and integrated in the Crown of Aragon, Barcelona remained legally a county of France and the King of France retained a
3371:
2295:
Fernández-de-Pinedo, Nadia, and Corinne Thépaut-Cabasset. "A Taste for French Style in Bourbon Spain: Food, Drink and Clothing in 1740s Madrid." in
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but were repelled by Franco's army and police forces. The border between the two countries was temporarily closed by the French in June 1945.
4288:
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1935:
1632:
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3340:
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489:
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668:. However, when the attacks continued after the death of Franco, France started a collaboration with the Spanish government against ETA.
28:
4211:
3364:
1038:
689:
509:
257:
4134:
3974:
3107:
2781:
1955:
1050:
2171:
1496:
Stone, Glyn (1989). "The European Great Powers and The Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939". In Boyce, Robert; Robertson, Esmonde M. (eds.).
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107:
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Sánchez, Esther, and Rafael Castro. "Foreign Assistance to a ‘Closed Economy.’The Case of French Firms in Spain, c. 1941–1963."
607:
The border between France and Spain was closed indefinitely on 1 March 1946, following the execution of the Communist guerrilla
629:
119:
4186:
4064:
4044:
3903:
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2716:
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1114:
739:. In this way, Spain would be the third country with which France reaches such a status in its diplomatic relations, after
365:
3322:
3294:
2046:
2018:
1773:
709:
379:
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2911:
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2822:
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2695:
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2670:
2650:
2620:
2555:
437:
4129:
4094:
4054:
4024:
4019:
4014:
3999:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3964:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3908:
3828:
3771:
3739:
3713:
3668:
3638:
3598:
3588:
3558:
3543:
3538:
3523:
3513:
3503:
3483:
3408:
3274:
3162:
3152:
3147:
3132:
3127:
3117:
3102:
3072:
3047:
2986:
2976:
2891:
2837:
2761:
2726:
2721:
2665:
2560:
2468:
Sánchez, Esther M. "French Military Action in Spain from Dictatorship to Democracy: Arms, Technology and Convergence."
580:
488:
lobbied the monarchs of Europe to help him restore his power, to which France responded by sending 60,000 troops which
2523:
1173:
563:
146:
4119:
4104:
4099:
4084:
4079:
4059:
4034:
4004:
3969:
3893:
3883:
3823:
3813:
3786:
3754:
3683:
3673:
3653:
3608:
3603:
3593:
3528:
3463:
3413:
3097:
2971:
2951:
2926:
2896:
2864:
2847:
2756:
2731:
2660:
2625:
2615:
2605:
2595:
648:
547:
518:
2325:
3394:
2451:
Rousselot, Nathan. "A diplomat facing the Spanish Civil War: Eirik Labonne’s embassy (October 1937-October 1938)."
1843:
1178:
575:, and had announced its intentions to remain neutral in German expansionist designs to France as early as the 1938
4165:
4049:
4029:
3913:
3878:
3858:
3808:
3776:
3759:
3658:
3613:
3553:
3518:
3488:
3478:
3458:
3453:
3438:
3279:
3198:
2906:
2879:
2874:
2766:
2741:
2690:
2635:
2575:
2345:
Luis, Jean-Philippe. "France and Spain: A Common Territory of Anti-Revolution (End of the 18th Century–1880)." in
330:
3796:
3791:
3693:
3628:
3493:
1940:
528:
338:
1973:
1183:
341:, was also ceded. An anomaly of the treaty was that although all villages in Roussillon were ceded to France,
91:
588:
450:
in 1796 as part of their shared opposition to Britain. The relationship spoiled after defeat in 1805 at the
185:
While the term "Spain" may be improper when used to refer to France–Spain relations before the union of the
2409:
660:
322:
287:
111:
2429:
1363:
408:
being recognised as King of Spain. The House of Bourbon remains on the Spanish throne to the present day.
1521:
Duroselle, Jean-Baptiste (2004). "Chapter XIII: The Failure of the Grand Alliance (March–August 1939)".
420:
2192:
2151:
771:
would discuss the distribution of costs and the deadlines for new energy projects, which would bring
253:
799:
567:
551:
451:
393:
279:
224:
213:
103:
79:
2262:
1992:
264:
are some of the most famous examples) and played a significant political role in the start of the
2023:
1915:"Acuerdo entre España, Francia y Portugal para un corredor energético entre Barcelona y Marsella"
1750:
1603:
1478:
1433:
1425:
729:
283:
269:
261:
2176:
1791:
817:
608:
555:
1376:
Bankruptcy of empire: Mexican silver and the wars between Spain, Britain, and France, 1760-1810
583:. Although Spain remained neutral, Spanish volunteers were allowed to fight on the side of the
2441:
Reilly, Bernard F. "Santiago and Saint Denis: The French Presence in Eleventh-Century Spain."
2101:"Los españoles ya pueden ser franceses sin tener que renunciar a su nacionalidad, y viceversa"
1628:
1566:
1526:
1501:
1437:
832:
776:
717:
636:
532:
493:
463:
405:
235:
134:
1458:
1283:
874:
agreement, French and Spaniards can acquire nationality without giving up their nationality.
2424:
Puig, Núria, and Rafael Castro. "Patterns of international investment in Spain, 1850–2005."
2331:
Ilie, Paul. "Toward a concept of literary relations: Spain and France in the 18th century."
1844:"Felipe VI elige Francia para su primera gran visita de Estado | España | EL PAÍS"
1595:
1470:
871:
864:
856:
836:
825:
805:
783:
397:
186:
647:
in Spain for six months in 1960–61. Nevertheless, some commercial relations were done, the
4238:
3262:
1899:
860:
787:
713:
481:
350:
228:
193:
in 1476, there has always been important relations between what are now France and Spain.
190:
115:
2381:
2338:
Israel, Jonathan. "A Revolutionary Era: Napoleon, Spain, and the Americas (1808–15)." in
1746:
265:
809:
772:
685:
681:
576:
474:
441:
415:
244:
150:
126:
4233:
4272:
4250:
879:
847:
821:
596:
485:
470:
345:
was deemed to be a city and was therefore retained by Spain to the present day as an
209:
201:
4262:
2536:
1220:
613:
572:
559:
179:
1817:
813:
428:
The wars were very expensive; despite Mexican silver Spain declines economically.
369:
Philip of Anjou is proclaimed Philip V of Spain on 16 November 1700 at Versailles.
2072:
1720:
1622:
2300:
2240:
2221:
2152:"El Gobierno, dispuesto a cambiar las cuchillas por otro método igual de eficaz"
963:
752:
640:
584:
1792:"Veinte años del desarme del IRA, la organización terrorista que inspiró a ETA"
1777:
2290:
Peninsular Eyewitnesses: The Experience of War in Spain and Portugal 1808-1813
2197:
2156:
1410:
1255:
987:
505:
Aftermath of the Spanish Civil War and the outbreak of World War II, 1939–1945
326:
314:
275:
217:
1956:"Joaquín Sorolla, el valenciano que triunfó en el París de comienzo de siglo"
2276:
Spain in the Twentieth-Century World: Essays on Spanish Diplomacy, 1898-1978
1402:
1160:
981:
969:
911:
851:
644:
401:
2214:"España y Francia rubrican el convenio que permitirá la doble nacionalidad"
1153:
635:
Franco-Spanish relations would become more tense with the rise to power of
536:
342:
1389:
Fighting Napoleon: Guerrillas, Bandits and Adventurers in Spain, 1808–1814
2480:
The routes to exile: France and the Spanish Civil War refugees, 1939–2009
1919:
993:
951:
843:
764:
659:
When Spain was led by general Francisco Franco, the French believed that
625:
455:
389:
334:
318:
239:
174:
95:
2446:
2419:
2398:
2394:
2236:"Macron recibe a Sánchez en Montauban para presidir la cumbre bilateral"
1753:(sched. 2). UK Public General Acts. Vol. 2000 c. 11. 20 July 2000.
480:
In 1820, a military uprising in Spain lead to a liberal government, the
1482:
1245:, The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 11, No. 1 (Mar., 1939), pp. 1-22.
1243:
The Conference of Bayonne, 1565: An Episode in Franco-Spanish Diplomacy
945:
923:
740:
728:
France is one of the largest trading partners of Spain. In March 2015,
424:(1814), depicting French soldiers executing civilians defending Madrid.
404:, staked a claim to the Spanish throne. The war ended with the Bourbon
358:
354:
346:
205:
99:
1607:
1523:
France and the Nazi Threat: The Collapse of French Diplomacy 1932-1939
2518:
1139:
917:
905:
875:
760:
756:
721:
673:
220:
83:
52:
1474:
2134:"Entra en vigor el convenio de nacionalidad entre España y Francia"
1599:
1334:
3568:
3389:
1430:
The Encyclopedia of The United Nations and International Relations
1146:
939:
883:
768:
744:
703:
677:
651:
visited Madrid in April 1963 to conclude a new commercial treaty.
508:
410:
364:
274:
197:
87:
63:
2322:
A history of diplomacy in the international development of Europe
1586:
Krammer, Arnold (1973). "Spanish Volunteers against Bolshevism".
1284:"The exclave of Llivia – Iberianature: The travel guide to Spain"
2193:"'La Marsellesa', entre cotorras argentinas en la Costa del Sol"
1546:
Beevor, Antony (2012). "The Outbreak of War: June–August 1939".
957:
688:(EU) member countries that classified the ETA organization as a
325:
ended the war and ceded the Spanish-possessed Catalan county of
168:
142:
138:
130:
3360:
3311:
3260:
2534:
2489:
2368:
A History of Modern Europe: From the Renaissance to the Present
2119:"Los idiomas más estudiados en la escuela secundaria en Europa"
1498:
Paths to War: New Essays on the Origins of the Second World War
349:
3 kilometres (2 mi) into France. The treaty was signed on
2297:
A Taste for Luxury in Early Modern Europe, Londres, à paraître
2283:
A Bibliographic Guide to Spanish Diplomatic History, 1460-1977
1993:"The Challenge of French Diversity | migrationpolicy.org"
1335:"The Spanish Succession and the War of the Spanish Succession"
1101:
2313:
Gallagher, Matthew D. "Leon Blum and the Spanish Civil War."
1936:"Spanish, French leaders sign friendship treaty in Barcelona"
894:
863:
is the second most studied foreign language in Spain, while
1163:: Spain and France signed an agreement on dual citizenship.
1256:"The History of the Languedoc: The Treaty of the Pyrenees"
2172:"España y Francia impulsarán las conexiones energéticas"
1818:"OEC - Spain (ESP) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners"
337:, roughly equivalent to the modern French department of
317:
felt threatened that his entire kingdom was bordered by
196:
One important feature of those early relations was that
1895:"Francia y España ultiman su primer Tratado de Amistad"
1118:
867:
is the second most studied foreign language in France.
692:. In addition, this group was also associated with the
1432:(2nd ed.). Bristol: Taylor and Francis. pp.
790:
signed a Treaty of Friendship between both countries.
4222:
1563:
Hitler's Spanish Legion: The Blue Division in Russia
735:
Since May 2022, both countries finalize their first
462:
drove the French out of Spain in 1813 following the
4195:
4179:
4143:
3922:
3727:
3576:
3401:
3227:
3186:
3010:
2810:
2704:
2548:
2370:(3rd ed. 2009, 2 vol), 1412 pp; university textbook
1869:"Première visite d'Etat en France du roi d'Espagne"
1401:
35:
2308:Franco-Spanish Rivalry in North America, 1524-1763
446:Revolutionary France and Bourbon Spain signed the
2354:Empire: how Spain became a world power, 1492-1763
2047:"Europe: where do people live? | World news"
231:, under protection of the Frankish King/Emperor.
1721:"Leader of Eta Basque rebels arrested in France"
1152:25th French–Spanish Summit; 20 February 2017 in
1138:23rd French–Spanish Summit; 27 November 2013 in
620:The Franco regime during the Cold War, 1949–1975
118:between the two nations, which has since been a
2019:"Picasso in Paris - A Suspect, Never a Citizen"
1278:
1276:
1145:24th French–Spanish Summit; 1 December 2014 in
333:in a revolt against the Spanish crown. Western
2342:(Princeton University Press, 2017) pp 423–455.
1561:Kleinfeld, Gerald R.; Tambs, Lewis A. (1979).
1459:"L'ambassade de Pétain (mars 1939 - mai 1940)"
102:. As two of the most powerful kingdoms of the
3372:
2501:
1159:26th French–Spanish Summit; 15 March 2021 in
106:, France and Spain fought a 24-year war (the
8:
846:publication in 2016, estimated that 122,385
812:attended by famous Spanish artists, such as
122:, changing its allegiances each six months.
21:
1550:. New York City: Little, Brown and Company.
1360:The War of the Spanish Succession 1701–1714
782:On 19 January 2023, Spanish Prime Minister
639:, especially when the rebel French general
353:, an uninhabited, unserviced island in the
321:territories, including Spain. In 1659, the
98:, other than one point which is cut off by
3379:
3365:
3357:
3308:
3257:
2545:
2531:
2508:
2494:
2486:
2375:A History of European Diplomacy, 1451–1789
2271:(2nd ed 1982), a standard scholarly survey
2383:A History of European Diplomacy 1815–1914
603:Between World War and Cold War, 1945–1949
133:as currency) and are both members of the
1776:(published 16 June 2009). 15 June 2009.
1627:. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. 345.
1030:Consulate-General of France in Barcelona
4229:
1204:
1034:
1008:
2361:The rise of the great powers 1648–1815
2191:Codina, Esperanza (20 February 2017).
1974:"Dalí y el grupo surrealista en París"
1565:. Southern Illinois University Press.
1500:. Houndmills: Macmillan. p. 221.
1194:List of ambassadors of Spain to France
1189:List of ambassadors of France to Spain
1068:Consulate-General of Spain in Bordeaux
125:Both nations are member states of the
20:
2406:Earlier Diplomatic History, 1492–1713
2212:Blanco, José Miguel (15 March 2021).
1757:from the original on 21 January 2013.
1707:
1695:
1683:
1671:
1659:
1647:
751:, new proposals for the transport of
589:German "Blue" 250th Infantry Division
542:France had tentatively supported the
484:, to come to power. Two years later,
388:In 1701, after the death of the last
7:
2482:(Manchester University Press, 2016).
2257:Bertrand, Louis and Charles Petrie.
886:signed an agreement of this nature.
357:river between the French commune of
313:broke out in 1635, when French king
2359:McKay, Derek, and Hamish M. Scott.
1378:(Cambridge University Press, 2007).
1056:Consulate-General of Spain in Paris
329:to France, which had supported the
2395:full text online vol 1 before 1700
1934:Wilson, Joseph (19 January 2023).
1080:Consulate-General of Spain in Lyon
759:were reconsidered. In this sense,
531:were victorious at the end of the
492:and re-installed Ferdinand as the
384:International relations, 1648–1814
305:International relations, 1648–1814
114:in 1659. The treaty was signed on
14:
2399:full text online vol 2 after 1700
2285:(Greenwood Press, 1977) 390 pages
1463:Vintième Siècle. Revue d'Histoire
1092:Consulate-General of Spain in Pau
878:is the first country outside the
535:in 1939, there was discussion of
208:fought shoulder to shoulder with
4256:
4244:
4232:
3567:
3434:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3388:
2517:
1842:Yárnoz, Carlos (23 March 2015).
1105:
1085:
1073:
1061:
1049:
1037:
1023:
1011:
808:, France was the scene of major
747:(2021). As a consequence of the
490:overthrew the liberal government
57:
46:
27:
2470:Journal of Contemporary History
2436:Historical Dictionary of France
2391:A History of Spain and Portugal
2349:(Brill, 2021) pp. 261–282.
2315:Journal of Contemporary History
1426:"Berard-Jordan Agreement, 1939"
655:Post-Francoist Spain, 1975–2000
2401:; a standard scholarly history
1424:Osmanczyk, Edmund J. (1990) .
779:to the rest of the continent.
454:, and in 1808, French Emperor
129:(and both nations utilize the
1:
4284:Bilateral relations of France
3333:Diplomatic missions of France
3323:French entry into World War I
1798:(in Spanish). 24 October 2021
1774:Council of the European Union
380:War of the Spanish Succession
166:The entire mainlands of both
90:, in which both share a long
4289:Bilateral relations of Spain
4203:Diplomatic missions of Spain
2586:Democratic Republic of Congo
2017:Riding, Alan (28 May 2003).
1624:The Franco Regime, 1936–1975
890:Resident diplomatic missions
438:Spain under Joseph Bonaparte
290:in 1659, ending the 24-year
4212:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3328:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2747:Dominica, (Commonwealth of)
2524:Foreign relations of France
2416:A Concise History of France
1174:Foreign relations of France
1018:Embassy of France in Madrid
749:Russian invasion of Ukraine
564:German occupation of France
554:into France in early 1939.
147:Union for the Mediterranean
110:) until the signing of the
4305:
3395:Foreign relations of Spain
2443:Catholic Historical Review
2386:(1922), basic introduction
2347:Cosmopolitan Conservatisms
1747:"Proscribed Organisations"
1621:Payne, Stanley G. (1987).
1213:"Maps of the Roman Empire"
1179:Foreign relations of Spain
850:live in Spain and 128,000
797:
558:, later the leader of the
516:
435:
377:
302:
3565:
3318:
3307:
3270:
3256:
2544:
2530:
2453:Relations internationales
1404:fr:Accords Bérard-Jordana
1044:Embassy of Spain in Paris
331:Principality of Catalonia
69:
56:
45:
26:
2571:Central African Republic
2460:Enterprise & Society
2073:"Document of statistics"
1997:Migrationinformation.org
548:Bérard-Jordana Agreement
529:General Francisco Franco
519:Bérard-Jordana Agreement
178:were possessions of the
22:French–Spanish relations
3290:Commonwealth of Nations
2426:Business History Review
2420:excerpt and text search
1457:Catala, Michel (1997).
708:Spanish Prime Minister
649:French finance minister
630:Spanish Communist Party
624:With the advent of the
581:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
448:Treaty of San Ildefonso
223:kingdom. Barcelona was
4279:France–Spain relations
3955:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2462:14.3 (2013): 606–641.
2445:54.3 (1968): 467–483.
2428:83.3 (2009): 505–537.
2292:(Pen and Sword, 2008).
725:
643:found sanctuary among
514:
425:
370:
323:Treaty of the Pyrenees
295:
288:Treaty of the Pyrenees
112:Treaty of the Pyrenees
76:France–Spain relations
2581:Republic of the Congo
2335:12.2 (1985): 149–170.
2326:online v 3, 1648–1775
2138:Confidencial Judicial
786:and French President
712:and French President
707:
512:
436:Further information:
421:The Third of May 1808
414:
368:
303:Further information:
278:
268:which ended with the
3899:United Arab Emirates
2997:United Arab Emirates
2438:(2nd ed. 2008) 528pp
2259:The History of Spain
1991:Hamilton, Kimberly.
1548:The Second World War
1339:Spanishsuccession.nl
1119:adding missing items
254:Philip III of France
4196:Diplomatic missions
3704:Trinidad and Tobago
2777:Trinidad and Tobago
2340:The Expanding Blaze
2320:Hill, David Jayne.
2160:. 27 November 2013.
1962:. 22 November 2016.
1822:Atlas.media.mit.edu
1772:. Vol. L 151.
1184:France–Spain border
996:(Consulate-General)
990:(Consulate-General)
984:(Consulate-General)
978:(Consulate-General)
972:(Consulate-General)
966:(Consulate-General)
960:(Consulate-General)
954:(Consulate-General)
948:(Consulate-General)
926:(Consulate-General)
920:(Consulate-General)
914:(Consulate-General)
800:Spaniards in France
568:Anti-Comintern Pact
552:Catalonia Offensive
544:Spanish Republicans
452:Battle of Trafalgar
280:Louis XIV of France
262:Albigenses Crusades
214:Carolingian dynasty
80:bilateral relations
23:
18:Bilateral relations
3634:Dominican Republic
2389:Payne, Stanley G.
2317:6.3 (1971): 56–64.
2288:Esdaile, Charles.
2281:Cortada, James W.
2274:Cortada, James W.
2180:. 1 December 2014.
2024:The New York Times
1923:. 20 October 2022.
1751:Terrorism Act 2000
1588:The Russian Review
1314:Bidasoaturismo.com
1290:. 15 February 2010
1241:Bernerd C. Weber,
1117:; you can help by
933:of Spain in France
900:of France in Spain
882:sphere with which
730:Philip VI of Spain
726:
724:; on 26 July 2018.
515:
460:Duke of Wellington
426:
371:
311:Franco-Spanish War
296:
292:Franco-Spanish War
284:Philip IV of Spain
270:treaty of Pyrenees
108:Franco-Spanish War
4220:
4219:
3444:Equatorial Guinea
3354:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3303:
3302:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3247:
2472:(2015): 376–399.
2404:Petrie, Charles.
2306:Folmer, Henry D.
2053:. 26 January 2012
1650:, p. 357-58.
1634:978-0-299-11070-3
1387:Charles Esdaile,
1374:Carlos Marichal,
1310:"Pheasant Island"
1135:
1134:
1006:
1005:
833:Spanish Civil War
794:Cultural exchange
777:Iberian Peninsula
737:Friendship Treaty
696:terrorist group.
637:Charles de Gaulle
632:to leave France.
533:Spanish Civil War
469:The Bourbon king
464:Battle of Vitoria
236:Lothair of France
135:Council of Europe
73:
72:
4296:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4237:
4236:
4228:
4156:Marshall Islands
3802:Kurdistan Region
3571:
3534:Sahrawi Republic
3393:
3392:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3358:
3309:
3258:
3214:Papua New Guinea
2885:Kurdistan Region
2790:
2546:
2532:
2522:
2521:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2487:
2366:Merriman, John.
2269:Spain, 1808–1975
2246:
2245:
2244:. 15 March 2021.
2232:
2226:
2225:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2148:
2142:
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2124:
2122:
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2109:
2108:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2077:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1865:
1859:
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1856:
1854:
1839:
1833:
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1830:
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1814:
1808:
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1788:
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1765:
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1758:
1743:
1737:
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1699:
1693:
1687:
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1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
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1639:
1638:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1525:. Enigma Books.
1518:
1512:
1511:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1398:
1392:
1391:(Yale UP, 2004).
1385:
1379:
1372:
1366:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1288:Iberianature.com
1280:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1260:Midi-france.info
1252:
1246:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1219:. Archived from
1217:Roman-empire.net
1209:
1130:
1127:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1089:
1077:
1065:
1053:
1041:
1027:
1015:
895:
872:dual nationality
852:Spanish citizens
837:Second World War
494:absolute monarch
398:House of Bourbon
258:Isabel of Aragon
187:Crown of Castile
104:early modern era
61:
60:
50:
49:
31:
24:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4257:
4255:
4245:
4243:
4231:
4223:
4221:
4216:
4191:
4175:
4171:Solomon Islands
4139:
4075:North Macedonia
3918:
3723:
3572:
3563:
3397:
3387:
3385:
3355:
3346:
3314:
3299:
3266:
3244:
3223:
3182:
3006:
2806:
2788:
2700:
2540:
2526:
2516:
2514:
2455:2 (2017): 9-24.
2434:Raymond, Gino.
2267:Carr, Raymond.
2261:(2nd ed. 1956)
2254:
2252:Further reading
2249:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2177:La Nueva España
2170:
2169:
2165:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2140:. 2 April 2022.
2132:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2107:. 2 April 2022.
2099:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2051:Theguardian.com
2045:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1876:
1875:. 24 March 2015
1867:
1866:
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1841:
1840:
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1816:
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1585:
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1520:
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1508:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1475:10.2307/3770543
1456:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1382:
1373:
1369:
1358:James Falkner,
1357:
1353:
1343:
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1333:
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1066:
1057:
1054:
1045:
1042:
1031:
1028:
1019:
1016:
1007:
999:
892:
848:French citizens
818:Joaquín Sorolla
810:art exhibitions
802:
796:
788:Emmanuel Macron
716:meeting at the
714:Emmanuel Macron
702:
690:terrorist group
657:
622:
609:Cristino García
605:
587:as part of the
556:Philippe Pétain
521:
507:
502:
482:Trienio Liberal
444:
434:
392:king of Spain,
386:
378:Main articles:
376:
351:Pheasant Island
307:
301:
229:Frankish Empire
216:), against the
202:Marca Hispanica
191:Crown of Aragon
164:
159:
116:Pheasant Island
62:
58:
51:
47:
19:
12:
11:
5:
4302:
4300:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4271:
4270:
4266:
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4253:
4241:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4135:United Kingdom
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3975:Czech Republic
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
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3947:
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3671:
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3656:
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3646:
3641:
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3621:
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3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
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3580:
3578:
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3573:
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3564:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
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3411:
3405:
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3399:
3398:
3386:
3384:
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3376:
3369:
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3352:
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3344:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3295:United Nations
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3261:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3245:
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3237:
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3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3178:United Kingdom
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3053:Czech Republic
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
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2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2888:
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2877:
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2867:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2845:
2840:
2835:
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2825:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2542:
2541:
2535:
2528:
2527:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2476:
2466:
2456:
2449:
2439:
2432:
2422:
2414:Price, Roger.
2412:
2402:
2387:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2352:Kamen, Henry.
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2324:(3 vol. 1914)
2318:
2311:
2304:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2227:
2204:
2183:
2163:
2143:
2125:
2110:
2092:
2064:
2038:
2009:
1983:
1965:
1947:
1926:
1906:
1903:. 17 May 2022.
1886:
1860:
1834:
1809:
1783:
1760:
1738:
1712:
1710:, p. 530.
1700:
1698:, p. 397.
1688:
1686:, p. 382.
1676:
1674:, p. 381.
1664:
1662:, p. 356.
1652:
1640:
1633:
1613:
1600:10.2307/127582
1594:(4): 388–402.
1578:
1571:
1553:
1538:
1531:
1513:
1506:
1488:
1449:
1442:
1416:
1393:
1380:
1367:
1351:
1326:
1301:
1272:
1247:
1234:
1223:on 12 May 2016
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1133:
1132:
1112:
1110:
1099:
1096:
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1091:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1060:
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1055:
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1036:
1033:
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1029:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1010:
1004:
1003:
998:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
936:
935:
934:
929:
928:
927:
921:
915:
909:
902:
901:
893:
891:
888:
880:Ibero-American
795:
792:
773:green hydrogen
718:Moncloa Palace
701:
698:
686:European Union
684:were the main
682:United Kingdom
664:the so-called
656:
653:
621:
618:
604:
601:
577:Sudeten crisis
517:Main article:
506:
503:
501:
498:
475:Peninsular War
442:Peninsular War
433:
430:
416:Francisco Goya
375:
372:
300:
297:
266:Catalan Revolt
245:Aragon kingdom
210:Frankish Kings
163:
160:
158:
155:
151:United Nations
127:European Union
71:
70:
67:
66:
55:
43:
42:
40:
37:
36:
33:
32:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4301:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4264:
4254:
4252:
4242:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4226:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
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4058:
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4038:
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4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
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3857:
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3842:
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3827:
3825:
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3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3803:
3800:
3799:
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3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
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3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3709:United States
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
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3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
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3617:
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3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
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3582:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3560:
3557:
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3545:
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3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3469:Guinea-Bissau
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3382:
3377:
3375:
3370:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3310:
3306:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3108:Liechtenstein
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
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2940:
2938:
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2925:
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2913:
2910:
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2900:
2898:
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2826:
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2821:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2782:United States
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
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2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
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2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2692:
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2687:
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2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
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2649:
2647:
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2639:
2637:
2634:
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2627:
2624:
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2614:
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2609:
2607:
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2599:
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2587:
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2579:
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2559:
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2554:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2529:
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2520:
2511:
2506:
2504:
2499:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2481:
2477:
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2471:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2457:
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2444:
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2433:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2393:(2 vol 1973)
2392:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:Mowat, R. B.
2379:
2376:
2373:Mowat, R. B.
2372:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2348:
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2337:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2316:
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2309:
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2298:
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2284:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2187:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2081:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2010:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1984:
1979:
1978:Dalí Universe
1975:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1835:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1727:. 16 May 2019
1726:
1722:
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1704:
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1697:
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1685:
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1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1514:
1509:
1507:9781349203338
1503:
1499:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1469:(55): 29–42.
1468:
1465:(in French).
1464:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1120:
1116:
1113:This list is
1111:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1088:
1083:
1076:
1071:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1009:
1002:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
937:
932:
931:
930:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
903:
899:
898:
897:
896:
889:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
868:
866:
862:
858:
853:
849:
845:
840:
838:
834:
829:
827:
826:Salvador Dalí
823:
822:Pablo Picasso
819:
815:
811:
807:
801:
793:
791:
789:
785:
784:Pedro Sánchez
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
731:
723:
719:
715:
711:
710:Pedro Sánchez
706:
699:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
669:
667:
666:Le Sanctuaire
662:
654:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
633:
631:
627:
619:
617:
615:
610:
602:
600:
598:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
520:
511:
504:
499:
497:
495:
491:
487:
486:Ferdinand VII
483:
478:
476:
472:
471:Ferdinand VII
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
443:
439:
431:
429:
423:
422:
417:
413:
409:
407:
403:
399:
396:, the French
395:
391:
385:
381:
373:
367:
363:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
306:
298:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
250:
246:
241:
237:
232:
230:
226:
222:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
176:
171:
170:
161:
156:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
68:
65:
54:
44:
41:
39:
38:
34:
30:
25:
16:
3994:
3864:Saudi Arabia
3549:South Africa
3419:Burkina Faso
3263:Multilateral
3235:Soviet Union
3157:
2992:Turkmenistan
2957:Saudi Arabia
2681:South Africa
2479:
2478:Soo, Scott.
2469:
2459:
2452:
2442:
2435:
2425:
2415:
2405:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2258:
2239:
2230:
2217:
2207:
2196:
2186:
2175:
2166:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2128:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2083:. Retrieved
2079:
2067:
2055:. Retrieved
2050:
2041:
2029:. Retrieved
2022:
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1996:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1939:
1929:
1918:
1909:
1898:
1889:
1877:. Retrieved
1872:
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1847:
1837:
1825:. Retrieved
1821:
1812:
1800:. Retrieved
1795:
1786:
1763:
1741:
1729:. Retrieved
1724:
1715:
1703:
1691:
1679:
1667:
1655:
1643:
1623:
1616:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1562:
1556:
1547:
1541:
1522:
1516:
1497:
1491:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1429:
1419:
1409:– via
1403:
1396:
1388:
1383:
1375:
1370:
1359:
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1338:
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1313:
1304:
1292:. Retrieved
1287:
1263:. Retrieved
1259:
1250:
1242:
1237:
1225:. Retrieved
1221:the original
1216:
1207:
1123:
1000:
869:
841:
830:
806:Roaring' 20s
803:
781:
736:
734:
727:
700:21st century
670:
665:
658:
634:
623:
614:Pierre Laval
606:
593:
573:World War II
560:Vichy regime
541:
522:
500:20th century
479:
468:
445:
432:19th century
427:
419:
387:
374:18th century
308:
299:17th century
286:signing the
248:
233:
212:(during the
195:
184:
180:Roman Empire
173:
167:
165:
124:
75:
74:
15:
4161:New Zealand
4125:Switzerland
4070:Netherlands
3869:South Korea
3854:Philippines
3839:North Korea
3735:Afghanistan
3644:El Salvador
3474:Ivory Coast
3209:New Zealand
3168:Switzerland
3123:Netherlands
2967:South Korea
2947:Philippines
2932:North Korea
2818:Afghanistan
2752:El Salvador
2611:Ivory Coast
2241:eldiario.es
2222:Agencia EFE
964:Montpellier
804:During the
753:natural gas
743:(1963) and
641:Raoul Salan
585:Axis powers
562:during the
525:Nationalist
256:married to
120:condominium
94:across the
4273:Categories
4187:Yugoslavia
4065:Montenegro
4045:Luxembourg
3904:Uzbekistan
3819:Kazakhstan
3750:Bangladesh
3745:Azerbaijan
3624:Costa Rica
3509:Mozambique
3499:Mauritania
3429:Cape Verde
3240:Yugoslavia
3113:Luxembourg
2902:Kazakhstan
2833:Bangladesh
2828:Azerbaijan
2789:(historic)
2656:Mozambique
2641:Mauritania
2631:Madagascar
2566:Cape Verde
2333:Neohelicon
2157:Cadena SER
2105:Confilegal
1778:32009E0468
1708:Payne 1987
1696:Payne 1987
1684:Payne 1987
1672:Payne 1987
1660:Payne 1987
1648:Payne 1987
1572:0809308657
1532:1929631154
1443:0850668336
1411:Wikisource
1200:References
1126:March 2021
1115:incomplete
988:Strasbourg
798:See also:
680:, and the
645:Falangists
597:Val d'Aran
527:forces of
418:painting,
394:Charles II
327:Roussillon
315:Louis XIII
218:Al Andalus
149:, and the
4151:Australia
4040:Lithuania
3874:Sri Lanka
3849:Palestine
3782:Indonesia
3765:Hong Kong
3719:Venezuela
3679:Nicaragua
3649:Guatemala
3584:Argentina
3337:in France
3313:Diplomacy
3265:relations
3194:Australia
2962:Singapore
2942:Palestine
2870:Indonesia
2853:Hong Kong
2802:Venezuela
2712:Argentina
2646:Mauritius
2539:relations
2537:Bilateral
1960:Vozpópuli
1873:Le Figaro
1802:24 August
1796:Vozpópuli
1731:24 August
1161:Montauban
982:Perpignan
970:Marseille
942:(Embassy)
912:Barcelona
908:(Embassy)
814:Joan Miró
775:from the
523:When the
402:Louis XIV
400:, led by
200:from the
4239:Politics
4207:in Spain
4115:Slovenia
4110:Slovakia
4090:Portugal
4010:Holy See
3960:Bulgaria
3889:Thailand
3844:Pakistan
3834:Malaysia
3699:Suriname
3689:Paraguay
3664:Honduras
3619:Colombia
3577:Americas
3449:Ethiopia
3424:Cameroon
3285:Americas
3204:Kiribati
3138:Portugal
3078:Holy See
3038:Bulgaria
2982:Thailand
2937:Pakistan
2917:Malaysia
2843:Cambodia
2772:Suriname
2737:Colombia
2717:Barbados
2705:Americas
2686:Tanzania
2601:Ethiopia
2591:Djibouti
2218:Euro EFE
2085:1 August
2080:Oecd.org
2057:1 August
2031:1 August
2027:. FRANCE
2002:1 August
1941:ABC News
1920:Euronews
1879:1 August
1853:1 August
1827:1 August
1755:Archived
1725:BBC News
1344:1 August
1319:1 August
1294:1 August
1265:1 August
1227:1 August
1168:See also
994:Toulouse
952:Bordeaux
844:Eurostat
765:Portugal
755:through
626:Cold War
456:Napoleon
406:Philip V
390:Habsburg
335:Flanders
319:Habsburg
240:Almanzor
225:a County
189:and the
175:Hispania
162:Medieval
96:Pyrenees
82:between
4225:Portals
4144:Oceania
4130:Ukraine
4095:Romania
4055:Moldova
4025:Ireland
4020:Iceland
4015:Hungary
4000:Germany
3990:Finland
3985:Estonia
3980:Denmark
3965:Croatia
3950:Belarus
3945:Belgium
3940:Austria
3935:Andorra
3930:Albania
3909:Vietnam
3829:Lebanon
3772:Georgia
3740:Armenia
3714:Uruguay
3669:Jamaica
3639:Ecuador
3599:Bolivia
3589:Bahamas
3559:Tunisia
3544:Somalia
3539:Senegal
3524:Nigeria
3514:Namibia
3504:Morocco
3484:Liberia
3409:Algeria
3219:Vanuatu
3187:Oceania
3173:Ukraine
3143:Romania
3093:Ireland
3088:Iceland
3083:Hungary
3068:Germany
3063:Finland
3058:Denmark
3043:Croatia
3033:Belgium
3028:Austria
3023:Andorra
3018:Albania
3002:Vietnam
2922:Myanmar
2912:Lebanon
2860:Georgia
2823:Armenia
2797:Uruguay
2696:Tunisia
2676:Somalia
2671:Senegal
2651:Morocco
2621:Liberia
2556:Algeria
2418:(1993)
2408:(1949)
2363:(1983).
2356:(2004).
2299:(2017)
2198:El País
2121:. 2019.
1848:El País
1483:3770543
1364:excerpt
1362:(2015)
1098:Summits
946:Bayonne
924:Seville
870:With a
865:Spanish
857:English
741:Germany
359:Hendaye
355:Bidasoa
347:exclave
249:de jure
227:of the
206:Navarre
157:History
100:Andorra
4251:France
4180:Former
4120:Sweden
4105:Serbia
4100:Russia
4085:Poland
4080:Norway
4060:Monaco
4035:Latvia
4005:Greece
3995:France
3970:Cyprus
3923:Europe
3894:Turkey
3884:Taiwan
3824:Kuwait
3814:Jordan
3787:Israel
3755:Bhutan
3684:Panama
3674:Mexico
3654:Guyana
3609:Canada
3604:Brazil
3594:Belize
3529:Rwanda
3464:Guinea
3414:Angola
3402:Africa
3275:Africa
3228:Former
3163:Sweden
3153:Serbia
3148:Russia
3133:Poland
3128:Norway
3118:Monaco
3103:Kosovo
3073:Greece
3048:Cyprus
3011:Europe
2987:Turkey
2977:Taiwan
2892:Israel
2838:Brunei
2787:Texas
2762:Mexico
2727:Canada
2722:Brazil
2666:Rwanda
2561:Angola
2549:Africa
2474:online
2464:online
2447:online
2430:online
2410:online
2377:(1928)
2310:(1953)
2301:online
2278:(1980)
2263:online
1631:
1608:127582
1606:
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1154:Málaga
1140:Madrid
1001:
918:Bilbao
906:Madrid
876:France
861:French
761:France
757:Europe
722:Madrid
674:France
537:Llívia
343:Llívia
260:, and
221:Muslim
198:counts
92:border
84:France
53:France
4263:Spain
4166:Palau
4050:Malta
4030:Italy
3914:Yemen
3879:Syria
3859:Qatar
3809:Japan
3777:India
3760:China
3659:Haiti
3614:Chile
3554:Sudan
3519:Niger
3489:Libya
3479:Kenya
3459:Ghana
3454:Gabon
3439:Egypt
3341:Paris
3158:Spain
3098:Italy
2972:Syria
2952:Qatar
2927:Nepal
2897:Japan
2865:India
2848:China
2757:Haiti
2732:Chile
2661:Niger
2626:Libya
2616:Kenya
2606:Gabon
2596:Egypt
2076:(XLS)
1604:JSTOR
1479:JSTOR
1147:Paris
940:Paris
884:Spain
769:Spain
745:Italy
678:Spain
88:Spain
64:Spain
3797:Iraq
3792:Iran
3728:Asia
3694:Peru
3629:Cuba
3494:Mali
3280:Asia
3199:Fiji
2907:Laos
2880:Iraq
2875:Iran
2811:Asia
2767:Peru
2742:Cuba
2691:Togo
2636:Mali
2576:Chad
2087:2016
2059:2016
2033:2016
2004:2016
1881:2016
1855:2016
1829:2016
1804:2020
1770:OJEU
1733:2020
1629:ISBN
1567:ISBN
1527:ISBN
1502:ISBN
1438:ISBN
1346:2016
1321:2016
1296:2016
1267:2016
1229:2016
958:Lyon
831:The
767:and
440:and
382:and
362:XIV.
339:Nord
309:The
282:and
204:and
172:and
169:Gaul
143:NATO
139:OECD
131:euro
86:and
78:are
1900:ABC
1596:doi
1471:doi
1121:.
976:Pau
824:or
720:in
694:IRA
661:ETA
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