Frances Burney - Knowledge (XXG)

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Bright through the cambric, I saw the glitter of polished Steel – I closed my Eyes. I would not trust to convulsive fear the sight of the terrible incision. Yet – when the dreadful steel was plunged into the breast – cutting through veins – arteries – flesh – nerves – I needed no injunctions not to restrain my cries. I began a scream that lasted unintermittingly during the whole time of the incision – & I almost marvel that it rings not in my Ears still? so excruciating was the agony. When the wound was made, & the instrument was withdrawn, the pain seemed undiminished, for the air that suddenly rushed into those delicate parts felt like a mass of minute but sharp & forked poniards, that were tearing the edges of the wound. I concluded the operation was over – Oh no! presently the terrible cutting was renewed – & worse than ever, to separate the bottom, the foundation of this dreadful gland from the parts to which it adhered – Again all description would be baffled – yet again all was not over, – Dr. Larry rested but his own hand, & – Oh heaven! – I then felt the knife (rack)ling against the breast bone – scraping it!

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particular dramatic qualities, indeed 'wretched', as they are often called: in the form in which they have come to us they seem too long to be staged; characterizations are stereotyped; the endings are weak, and the plots convoluted and inconsistent. The style, rhetorical and emphatic, makes them sound clumsy and heavy to the modern ear. However, when properly contextualized and studied as theatrical texts, rather than as unfortunate second-order productions within the works of a successful novelist as Burney, the four Court plays suggest a distinct thematic-stylistic-discursive alignment, more in line with the dramatic production of the late 18th century than has been recognized thus far.

969:", with a salary of £200 per annum. Burney hesitated to accept, not wishing to be separated from her family, and especially resistant to employment that would restrict free use of her time in writing. However, unmarried at 34, she felt pressure to accept and thought that improved social status and income might allow her greater freedom to write. Having accepted the post in 1786, she developed a warm relationship with the queen and princesses that lasted into her later years, yet her doubts proved accurate: the position exhausted her and left her little time for writing. Her sorrow was intensified by poor relations with her colleague 1048: 999:, but he eventually married another woman of greater wealth. The disappointment, combined with the other frustrations of office, may have contributed to her health failing at this time. In 1790 she prevailed on her father (whose own career had taken a new turn when he was appointed organist at Chelsea Hospital in 1783) to request that she be released from the post, which she was. She returned to her father's house in Chelsea, but continued to receive a yearly pension of £100. She kept up a friendship with the royal family and received letters from the princesses from 1818 until 1840. 893:, Cecilia Beverley, whose inheritance from an uncle comes with the stipulation that she find a husband who will accept her name. Beset on all sides by suitors, the beautiful and intelligent Cecilia's heart is captivated by a man whose family's pride in its birth and ancestry would forbid such a change of name. He finally persuades Cecilia, against all her judgement, to marry him secretly, so that their union – and consequent change of name – can be presented to the family as an accomplished fact. The work received praise for the maturity of its ironic 416:. Both encouraged her writing, but used their influence to dissuade her from publishing or performing her dramatic comedies, as they saw the genre as inappropriate for a lady. Many feminist critics see her as an author whose natural talent for satire was stifled by the social pressures on female authors. Burney persisted despite the setbacks. When her comedies were poorly received, she returned to novel writing, and later tried her hand at tragedy. She supported both herself and her family on the proceeds of her later novels, 938: 1364:, a few days before her father's death. "A story of love and misalliance set in the French Revolution", it criticises the English treatment of foreigners in the war years. It also criticizes the hypocritical social restriction put on women in general – as the heroine tries one means after another to earn an honest living – and the elaborate class criteria for social inclusion or exclusion. That strong social message sits uneasily within an unusual structure that might be called a 3441: 793:. The house was a centre for literary and political conversation. Though shy by nature, Burney reportedly impressed those she met, including Dr Johnson, who would remain a friend and correspondent throughout the period of her visits, from 1779 to 1783. Thrale wrote to Dr Burney on 22 July: "Mr. Johnson returned home full of the Prayes of the Book I had lent him, and protesting that there were passages in it which might do honour to 143: 649: 3228: 204: 897:, but was viewed as less spontaneous than her first work, and weighed by the author's self-conscious awareness of her audience. Some critics claim to have found the narration intrusive, while friends found the writing too closely modelled on Johnson's. Edmund Burke admired the novel, but moderated his praise with criticism of the array of characters and tangled, convoluted plots. 3460: 1156:. This short work resembled other pamphlets produced by French sympathisers in England, calling for financial support for the revolutionary cause. It is noteworthy for the way that Burney employed her rhetorical skills in the name of tolerance and human compassion. On 18 December 1794, Burney gave birth to a son, Alexander Charles Louis (died 19 January 1837), who took 1211:. Their life at this time was by all accounts happy, but the illness and death in 1800 of Burney's sister and close friend Susanna cast a shadow and ended a lifelong correspondence that had been the motive and basis for most of Burney's journal writing. However, she resumed her journal at the request of her husband, for the benefit of her son. 751:

introduction and careful treatment of a female protagonist, complete with character flaws, "who must make her way in a hostile world." These are recognisable also as features of Jane Austen's writing, and show Burney's influence on her work. Furthermore, she sought to put to use the epistolary form espoused periodically by Burney, as seen in

1741:, (12 vols.) Vols. I–VI, ed. Joyce Hemlow, with Patricia Boutilier and Althea Douglas; Vol. VII, ed. Edward A. and Lillian D. Bloom; Vol. VIII, ed. Peter Hughes; Vols. IX–X, ed. Warren Derry; Vols. XI–XII, ed. Joyce Hemlow with Althea Douglas and Patricia Hawkins. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972–1984. 797:: we talk of it for ever, and he feels ardent after the dénouement; he could not get rid of the Rogue, he said." Many of Johnson's compliments were transcribed into Burney's diary. Visits to Streatham occupied months at a time, and on several occasions the guests, including Frances Burney, made trips to 1303:

I mounted, therefore, unbidden, the Bed stead – & M. Dubois placed me upon the Mattress, & spread a cambric handkerchief upon my face. It was transparent, however, & I saw, through it, that the Bed stead was instantly surrounded by the 7 men & my nurse. I refused to be held; but when,

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was the only one to be staged, although for one night only, on 21 March 1795, garnering unanimous negative reviews from the public and critics. The long-delayed publication of these plays has largely kept critics. Even for the handful of scholars who have dealt with them, these texts remain devoid of

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argue that she identifies difficulties faced by women in the 18th century, especially those on questions of romance and marriage. She is seen as a "shrewd observer of her times and a clever recorder of its charms and its follies". What critics have consistently found interesting in her writing is the

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In choosing to narrate the novel through letters written by the protagonist, Burney made use of her own writing experience. This course has won praise from critics past and present, for the direct access it provides to events and characters, and the narrative sophistication it demonstrates in linking

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Frances Burney began composing small letters and stories almost as soon as she learnt the alphabet. She often joined with her brothers and sisters in writing and acting in plays. The Burney family had many close friends. "Daddy Crisp" was almost like a second father to Frances and a strong influence

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Burney sent her account of this experience months later to her sister Esther without rereading it. It remains one of the most compelling early accounts of a mastectomy. It is impossible to know today whether the breast removed was indeed cancerous. She survived, and returned to England with her son

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The first entry in Frances Burney's journal was dated 27 March 1768 and addressed to "Nobody". The journal itself was to extend over 72 years. Burney kept the journal-diary as a form of correspondence with family and friends, recounting life events and her observations of them. The diary contains a

1529:, to record Burney's life. This replaces two original plaques – one to her and one to her half-sister Sarah Harriet – that were lost. In 1958, the St Swithin's church authorities had sought to protect the plaques by removing them during renovations to the church organ, but they later disappeared. 1419:

Burney outlived her son, who died in 1837, and her sister Charlotte Broome, who died in 1838. While in Bath, Burney received visits from younger members of the Burney family, who found her a fascinating storyteller with a talent for imitating the personalities that she described. She continued to

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to marry for a second time, to Elizabeth Allen, the wealthy widow of a King's Lynn wine merchant. Allen had three children of her own, and several years after the marriage the two families merged. This new domestic situation was fraught with tension. The Burney children found their new stepmother

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and satirises their social pretensions and personal foibles, with an eye to larger questions such as the politics of female identity. With one exception, Burney never succeeded in having her plays performed, largely due to objections from her father, who thought that publicity from such an effort

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In 1775 Burney turned down a marriage proposal from one Thomas Barlow, a man whom she had met only once. Her side of the Barlow courtship is amusingly told in her journal. During 1782–1785 she enjoyed the rewards of her successes as a novelist; she was received at fashionable literary gatherings

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Bonaparte in France, and in 1802 Burney and her son followed him to Paris, where they expected to remain for a year. The outbreak of war between France and England overtook their visit and they remained there in exile for ten years. Although isolated from her family while in France, Burney was

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18th-century life. Today, critics are returning to her novels and plays with renewed interest in her outlook on the social lives and struggles of women in a predominantly male-oriented culture. Scholars continue to value Burney's diaries as well, for their candid depictions of English society.

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Although her novels were hugely popular during her lifetime, Burney's reputation as a writer of fiction suffered after her death at the hands of biographers and critics, who felt that the extensive diaries, published posthumously in 1842–1846, offer a more interesting and accurate portrait of

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style, praising her father's accomplishments and character, and she drew on many of her own personal writings from years before to produce them. Protective of her father and the family reputation, she destroyed evidence of facts that were painful or unflattering and was soundly criticised by

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From the age of fifteen, Burney lived in the midst of a brilliant social circle, gathered round her father in Poland Street, and later in St Martin's Street. David Garrick was a frequent visitor, often arriving before eight o'clock in the morning. Burney left detailed accounts of people they

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Burney made £1500 from the first run, but the work disappointed her followers and did not go into a second English printing, although it met her immediate financial needs. Critics felt it lacked the insight of her earlier novels. It was reprinted in 1988 with an introduction by the novelist

1500:: Gerald Duckworth, London, 1939) has scenes from the life of Frances Burney from 1768 to 1840. Under the title "Joy Will Come Back", the play was performed in London, in the Arts Theatre in 1937. Under the published title, "Fanny Burney", it was performed at Oldham, Lancashire, in 1949. 618:

Burney was 15 when her father married Elizabeth Allen in 1767. Her diary entries suggest that she had begun to feel pressure to abandon her writing as something "unladylike" that "might vex Mrs. Allen." Feeling that she had transgressed, the same year she burnt her first manuscript,

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record of her extensive reading in her father's library, as well as the visits and behaviour of notable people who visited their home. Burney and her sister Susanna were particularly close, and Burney continued to send journal-letters to Susanna throughout her adult life.

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was published anonymously in 1778 without her father's knowledge or permission, by Thomas Lowndes, who voiced an interest after reading its first volume and agreed to publish it upon receipt of the finished work. The novel had been rejected by a previous publisher,

837:. The play satirised a wide segment of London society, including the literary world and its pretensions. It was not published at the time because Burney's father and the family friend Samuel Crisp thought it would offend some of the public by seeming to mock the 710:

before learning that the author was his daughter. Although the act of publication was radical for its time, he was impressed by the favourable reactions and largely supported her. He certainly saw social advantages in having a successful writer in the family.

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pushed boundaries, for female protagonists were still "relatively rare" in that genre. Comic and witty, it is ultimately a satire of the oppressive masculine values that shaped a young woman's life in the 18th century, and of other forms of social hypocrisy.

560:. She drew on this material, along with her journals, when writing her first novels. Scholars who have looked into the extent of Burney's reading and self-education find a child who was unusually precocious and ambitious, working hard to overcome an early 326:, helped with the cover-up. Eventually, her father read the novel and guessed that she was its author. News of her identity spread. The novel brought Burney almost immediate fame with its unique narrative and comic strengths. She followed it with 1015:

From 1788, Burney's diaries record the composition of a small number of playtexts which were neither performed nor published in the author's lifetime, remaining in manuscript until 1995. These are the dramatic fragment conventionally known as

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began in 1789, Burney was among many literary figures in England who sympathized with its early ideals of equality and social justice. During this period Burney became acquainted with some French exiles known as "Constitutionalists", who had

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Burney's sisters Esther and Susanna were favoured by their father, for what he perceived as their superior attractiveness and intelligence. At the age of eight, Burney had yet to learn the alphabet; some scholars suggest she had a form of

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Frances Burney was a novelist, diarist and playwright. In all, she wrote four novels, eight plays, one biography and twenty-five volumes of journals and letters. She has gained critical respect in her own right, but she foreshadowed such

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n addition, a letter dated July 6, 1813, and addressed to Burney from Anna Laetitia Barbauld attests to Burney's popularity in the United States. In it Barbauld recommends that Burney make arrangements to publish her forthcoming novel,

542:. By the age of ten, however, she had begun to write for her own amusement. Esther and Susanna were sent by their father to be educated in Paris, while at home Burney educated herself by reading from the family collection, including 698:. It was admired for its comic view of wealthy English society and realistic portrayal of working-class London dialects. It is known today as a satire. It was even discussed by characters in another epistolary novel of the time: 498:. This French heritage influenced Frances Burney's self-perception in later life, possibly contributing to her attraction and subsequent marriage to Alexandre d'Arblay. Esther Burney died in 1762 when Frances was ten years old. 521:

overbearing and quick to anger, and they made fun of her behind her back. However, their collective unhappiness may have also brought them closer to one another. In 1774 the family moved again, to what had been the house of

1805: 190:(1782). Most of her stage plays were not performed in her lifetime. She wrote a memoir of her father (1832) and many letters and journals that have been gradually published since 1889, forty-nine years after her death. 469:

Her younger sister Susanna married, in 1781, Molesworth Phillips, an officer in the Royal Marines who had sailed in Captain Cook's last expedition; she left a journal that gives a principal eye-witness account of the

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between Burney's brother James and their half-sister Sarah in 1798–1803, but there is no direct evidence for this, and Burney was affectionate towards Sarah and provided her with financial assistance in later life.

683:, had copied the manuscript in a "disguised hand" to prevent any identification of the book with her family, thinking that her own handwriting might be recognised by a publisher. Burney's second attempt to publish 1007: 623:, which she had written in secret. Despite this repudiation, Frances recorded in her diary an account of the emotions that led up to that dramatic act. She eventually used it as a foundation for her first novel, 599:. He encouraged Burney's writing by soliciting frequent journal-letters from her that recounted to him the goings-on in her family and social circle in London. Burney paid her first formal visit to Crisp at 1453:

In 1780, two years after the publication of Evelina, she stayed at 14 South Parade, Bath, with Mr and Mrs Thrale, who were great friends of Dr Johnson. A plaque on the wall of the house records her visit.

841:, and because they had reservations about the propriety of a woman writing comedy. The play tells the story of Celia and Beaufort, lovers kept apart by their families due to "economic insufficiency". 687:

involved the help of her eldest brother James, who posed as its author to Lowndes. Inexperienced at negotiating with a publisher, he only extracted twenty guineas (£21) as payment for the manuscript.

1285:, M. Dubois, Dr. Moreau, Dr. Aumont, Dr. Ribe, & a pupil of Dr. Larrey, & another of M. Dubois". The operation was performed like a battlefield operation under the command of M. Dubois, then 39: 2547:(UP Kentucky, 1997); Jacqueline Pearson, "'Crushing the Convent and the Dread Bastille': Anglo-Saxons, Revolution, and Gender in Women's Plays of the 1790s," in D. Scragg and C. Weinberg (eds), 1376:. The heroine is no scallywag, but she is wilful and for obscure reasons refuses to reveal her name or origin. So as she darts about the South of England as a fugitive, she arouses suspicions. 2549: 980:

Burney's continued to write journals during her years in the court. To her friends and to her sister Susanna, she recounted her life in court, along with major political events, including the

1245:, it retains one of the central characters, Lady Smatter – an absent-minded but inveterate quoter of poetry, perhaps meant as a comic rendering of a Bluestocking. All other characters in 322:, anonymously in 1778. Burney feared that her father would find what she called her "scribblings", so she only told her siblings and two trusted aunts about the work. Her closest sister, 3553: 3533: 1199:, a story of frustrated love and impoverishment. The first edition sold out; she made £1000 on the novel and sold the copyright for another £1000. This enabled them to build a house in 3623: 494:

Frances Burney's mother, Esther Sleepe, described by historians as a woman of "warmth and intelligence", was the daughter of a French refugee named Dubois and had been brought up a

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and considered the best doctor in France. Burney later described the operation in detail, since she was conscious through most of it, as it took place before the development of

478:(1772–1844) also became a novelist, publishing seven works of fiction. Esther Sleepe Burney also bore two other boys, both named Charles, who died in infancy in 1752 and 1754. 1176:

caused her and her father further consternation, as did the move by her sister Susanna and penurious brother-in-law Molesworth Phillips and their family to Ireland in 1796.

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Journal entry of Charlotte Ann Burney, 15 January, . In: The Early Diary of Frances Burney 1768–1778, ed. Annie Raine Ellis (London: G. Bell and Sons Ltd., 1913 ), p. 307.

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Miriam J. Berkowitz transcribed a manuscript copy of Edwy and Elgiva (Shoe String Press, 1957), but the first critical edition of the plays was prepared by Peter Sabor (

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and together they returned to Bath in England, to live at 23 Great Stanhope Street. Burney wrote an account of this experience and of her Paris years in her

2633:"From Evelina to The Woman-Hater: Frances Burney and the Joyce of Dramatic Rewriting, in Studi settecenteschi nr. 20, Bibliopolis, Napoli, 2000, pp. 315-33" 3563: 3543: 3248: 444:

Burney (1725–1762), as the third of her mother's six children. Her elder siblings were Esther (Hetty, 1749–1832) and James (1750–1821); those younger were

2032: 3598: 1122:, Surrey, where Burney's sister Susanna lived. She quickly became close to General Alexandre d'Arblay (1754-1818), an artillery officer who had been 1713:. 5 vols. Vols. 1–2, ed. Lars Troide; Vol. 3, ed. Lars Troide and Stewart Cooke; Vol. 4, ed. Betty Rizzo; Vol. 5, ed. Lars Troide and Stewart Cooke. 3643: 3558: 3538: 1127: 3548: 3528: 2968: 2325: 1138: 2778: 2070: 1940: 1858: 1632: 1360: 946:

throughout London. In 1781 Samuel Crisp died. In 1784 Dr Johnson died, and that year also brought her failure in a romance with a clergyman,

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has investigated conflicts within the Burney family that affected Burney's writing and her personal life. She alleged that one strain was an

174:, General Alexandre d'Arblay. After a long writing career and wartime travels that stranded her in France for over a decade, she settled in 3653: 1538: 1277:. Through her royal network, she was eventually treated by several leading physicians, and a year later, on 30 September 1811, underwent a 3187:(Vol. 1: Comedies; Vol. 2: Tragedies), ed. Peter Sabor, Stewart Cooke, and Geoffrey Sill, Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1995 2448: 638:

recovered some of this obscured material while researching their editions of Burney's journals and letters in the late twentieth century.

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and three completed plays copied out in handwriting in ordered booklets, suitable for private circulation, if not publication. These are

2294: 1483:, Surrey records the d'Arblays' life there in their cottage, 'Camilla', which they built and in which they lived between 1797 and 1801. 1192:

Burney and her new husband, General Alexandre d'Arblay, were saved from poverty in 1796 by the publication of Burney's "courtesy novel"

2727: 1889: 1111: 171: 3494: 3192: 2802: 2668: 2458: 2426: 2118: 1835: 1208: 287: 167: 3037: 1237:, but with fewer satirical elements and more emphasis on reforming her characters' faults. First performed in December 2007 at the 973:, co-Keeper of the Robes, who has been described as "a peevish old person of uncertain temper and impaired health, swaddled in the 1336:

and became involved in the military actions that followed. Burney fled to Belgium. When her husband was wounded she joined him at

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The Annual Register, or a view of the History and Politics of the year 1840, J. G. F. & J. Rivington, London, 1841, p. 150.

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Biographical Register of Christ's College, 1505–1905, vol. II, 1666–1905, John Peile, Cambridge University Press, 1913, p. 385.

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In addition to the gravestone erected in the churchyard of St Swithin, Bath, other memorials and plaques record Burney's life.

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After her husband's death at 23 Great Stanhope Street, Bath, Burney moved to London to be nearer to her son, then a fellow at

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Burney's early career was strongly affected by her relations with her father and the critical attentions of a family friend,

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to which she aligned herself were among her admirers. Her early novels were read and enjoyed by Jane Austen, whose own title

268: 225: 3157: 1399: 886:, paid Frances £250 for her novel, printed 2000 copies of the first edition, and reprinted it at least twice within a year. 505:, a composer and a man of letters. In 1760 he moved his family to London, a decision that improved their access to English 240: 3593: 3470: 634:, she heavily edited earlier parts of her diaries in later life, destroying much of the material. Editors Lars Troide and 457: 3658: 3618: 3356:

Francesca Saggini, "The wolf, the lamb, and the big "Oh!”: voids, (w)holes, and epitaphic emptiness in Frances Burney's

1086:, only the last of which was performed. One of a profusion of paintings and literary works about the early English king 3583: 2704:

Frances Burney letter 22 March 1812, in the Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection, New York Public Library, New York.

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Bodleian Libraries, Playbill of Drury Lane Theatre, Tuesday, 10 March 1795, announcing The merchant of Venice &c.

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On 13 June 2002 the Burney Society of North America and the Burney Society UK unveiled a memorial panel in the new

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Journal of 1818–1832. D'Arblay was promoted to lieutenant-general, but died shortly afterwards of cancer, in 1818.

1173: 1095: 738: 1102:) to appear in the later 18th century, it met with public failure, opening in London in March for only one night. 214: 1432: 970: 883: 852:. A complete edition was published in Montreal in 1995, edited by Peter Sabor, Geoffrey Sill, and Stewart Cooke. 824: 577: 369:

Throughout her writing career, Burney's talent for satirical caricature was widely acknowledged: figures such as

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portrays the English upper middle class through a 17-year-old woman who has reached marriageable age. It was a

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and social standing. They lived amidst an artist social circle that gathered round Charles at their home in

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A critical aspect of Burney's literary education was her relationship with a family friend, the dramatist

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Frances's father, Charles Burney, was noted for his personal charm, and for his talents as a musician, a

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into the French army. Charles Burney died in 1814, and she returned to France later that year after the

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Jacqueline Pearson: "Mothering the Novel. Frances Burney and the Next Generations of Women Novelists".

1586: 1562: 3523: 3518: 3499: 3490: 3423: 3409: 3401: 1890:"Second Glance: Wave and Say Hello to Frances | Open Letters Monthly – an Arts and Literature Review" 1145:. Nonetheless, she and d'Arblay were married on 28 July 1793 at St Michaels and All Angels Church in 1131: 2705: 2322: 3265: 2398: 1238: 1161: 996: 937: 759: 585: 561: 526: 405: 391: 1576: 1552: 957:, a woman known in both literary and royal circles, allowed Burney to travel to the court of King 3127: 1946: 1897: 1490:

a blue plaque records Burney's regular visits there, where she observed the social life of Lynn.

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In August 1810 Burney developed pains in her breast, which her husband suspected could be due to

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Marianna D'Ezio, "Transcending National Identity: Paris and London in Frances Burney's Novels".

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In the period 1797–1801 Burney wrote three comedies that remained unpublished in her lifetime:

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The Journals and Letters of Susan Burney: Music and Society in Late Eighteenth-Century England

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The novel was a critical success, with praise from respected persons, including the statesman

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novelist, diarist and playwright. In 1786–1790 she held the post of "Keeper of the Robes" to

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Archival material relating to Frances Burney listed at the UK National Register of Archives

3016:"Burney Society UK – Celebrating the work of Frances Burney, her family and contemporaries" 766:

As a testament to its popularity, the novel went through four immediate editions. In 1971,

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Literary Appropriations of the Anglo-Saxons from the Thirteenth to the Twentieth Century

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Frances Burney died on 6 January 1840. She was buried with her son and her husband in

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Frances Burney Dramatist: Gender, Performance, and the Late Eighteenth-Century Stage

1987: 3277: 2663:, plays by Fanny Burney; ed. Peter Sabor and Geoffrey Sill, Broadview Press (2002) 1763: 1473: 1424: 1329: 1310: 1233: 1115: 1051: 989: 912: 879: 833: 828: 691: 648: 635: 592: 522: 506: 475: 471: 449: 445: 413: 374: 323: 2190: 1875: 1665: 1402:. In homage to her father she gathered and in 1832 published in three volumes the 1142: 184:(1778), was the most successful and remains her most highly regarded, followed by 3363: 2768: 2680: 2543: 2534: 1725:. Edited by Peter Sabor and Stewart Cooke, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. 1581: 1557: 448:(1755–1800), Charles (1757–1817) and Charlotte Ann (1761–1838). Of her brothers, 2173: 1850: 1462: 1384: 1333: 1169: 1157: 1067: 954: 553: 306: 203: 3432: 1480: 1373: 1296: 1278: 1200: 958: 844:

Burney's plays were rediscovered in 1945 when her papers were acquired by the

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H H Asquith, "Fanny Burney", published privately by Sir Charles Russell, 1923

3123: 3108:"The Literary Afterlife of Frances Burney and the Victorian Periodical Press" 2865:"Henry Thrale, Hester Thrale, Samuel Johnson, and Frances Burney blue plaque" 2589: 2564: 3252:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 826–828. 1932: 1407: 1365: 790: 631: 581: 517: 3372:

Diaries and Journals of Literary Women from Fanny Burney to Virginia Woolf.

1692:, by Fanny Burney. Ed. Chauncy Brewster Tinker. London: Jonathan Cape, 1912 805:. Like other notable events, these were recorded in letters to her family. 3396: 1332:. D'Arblay, who was serving with the King's Guard, remained loyal to King 3454: 2839: 1458: 1321: 1262: 1150: 798: 543: 539: 3208:. Ed. Peter Sabor and Geoffrey Sill, Peterborough: Broadview Press, 2002 3131: 3107: 2814: 815:

In 1779, encouraged by the public's warm reception of comic material in

3465: 2939: 2914: 2889: 1608: 1508: 1287: 1204: 974: 774:: "Addressed to the young, the novel has a quality perennially young." 669: 662: 653: 573: 318: 228: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 180: 100: 3475: 2864: 2246:, Vol. 4 (Chicago, London: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 1971) p. 450. 1427:

cemetery in Bath. A gravestone was later erected in the churchyard of

627:, which follows the life of the fictional Caroline Evelyn's daughter. 588:. She first met Dr Samuel Johnson at her father's home in March 1777. 1172:

Chapel. Her sister Charlotte's remarriage in 1798 to the pamphleteer

1087: 1059: 487: 399:. Thackeray is said to have drawn on the first-person account of the 163: 2295:"Evelina; or, The History of a Young Lady's Entrance into the World" 1738:

The Journals and Letters of Fanny Burney (Madame d'Arblay) 1791–1840

3450: 2565:"Opening Romanticism: Reimagining Romantic Drama for New Audiences" 1476:

between 1785 and 1788, where she was frequently visited by Burney.

3471:

Fanny Burney's own account of the mastectomy she underwent in 1811

3233:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

2770:

Rebellious Hearts: British Women Writers and the French Revolution

1680:. Edited by her niece . In 7 vols. London: H. Colburn (1842–1846). 1507:

brown plaque records her period of residence at 11 Bolton Street,

1337: 1267: 1046: 1006: 995:

Burney was courted by an official of the royal household, Colonel

936: 742:

calls it a "landmark in the development of the novel of manners".

647: 178:, where she died on 6 January 1840. The first of her four novels, 3411:

Evelina: Or The History of A Young Lady's Entrance into the World

3313:

The Iron Pen: Frances Burney and the Politics of Women's Writing.

1730:

The Court Journals and Letters of Frances Burney (1786-July 1791)

1609:

Evelina: Or The History of A Young Lady's Entrance into the World

988:

for "official misconduct in India". She recorded the speeches of

2223:

The Iron Pen: Frances Burney and the Politics of Women's Writing

1325: 890: 569: 3147:. Pseudopodium.org (15 November 2004). Retrieved on 2020-02-22. 2100:(New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press 1988), pp. 277 ff. 1925:

The Routledge Anthology of British Women Playwrights, 1777–1843

1752:. Edited by Peter Sabor, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 1130:. D'Arblay taught her French and introduced her to the writer 197: 16:

English satirical novelist, diarist and playwright (1752–1840)

3420: 1775:, 1790 (verse tragedy). Produced at Drury Lane, 21 March 1795 919:

wrote to Burney in 1813 encouraging her to publish her novel

3201:. Ed. Peter Sabor and Lars E. Troide: Penguin Classics, 2001 3015: 2113:, ed. Lorna J. Clark (London: Pickering & Chatto, 2008; 1379:

Some parallels of plot and attitude have been drawn between

1261:

In 1801 d'Arblay was offered service with the government of

3349:

Backstage in the Novel. Frances Burney and the Theater Arts

2109:

Lorna J. Clark, "Introduction", pg. xii. In: Sarah Burney:

1431:

across the road, adjacent to that of Jane Austen's father,

2140: 2138: 2136: 1309:

in 1812 to visit her ailing father and to avoid her son's

3215:

Fredericton: University of New Brunswick. 3 December 2006

3064:"Fanny Burney's Bath Plaque Unveiled – Number One London" 2225:. (Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989) p. 23. 1710:

The Early Journals and Letters of Fanny Burney, 1768–1783

785:

brought Burney to the attention of a patron of the arts,

723:

form just as this was reaching its height of popularity,

3158:

Frances Burney, The Complete Plays, Pickering and Chatto

2940:"Frances Burney and St Margaret's Vicarage green plaque" 1733:. In 6 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011–2019. 1647:

Brief Reflections Relative to the French Emigrant Clergy

1525:

In 2013, a marble plaque was unveiled in the gallery of

1498:

Three Plays: Suomi, The Brontës of Haworth, Fanny Burney

1231:. The last is partly a reworking of subject-matter from 1154:

Brief Reflections relative to the Emigrant French Clergy

672:

or the History of a Young Lady's Entrance into the World

3260:

Ed. Claire Buck. London, New York: Prentice-Hall, 1992.

2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2009:. (Waterford: Yorkin Publications, 1999–2002), pg. 231. 595:, who had met her father in about 1745 at the house of 352:

would be damaging to her reputation. The exception was

1974: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1966: 878:

and after much discussion with Crisp. The publishers,

170:, George III's queen. In 1793, aged 41, she married a 1746:

The Additional Journals and Letters of Frances Burney

1718:

The Additional Journals and Letters of Frances Burney

1450:, shows where she and her father lived in the 1750s. 1411:

contemporaries and later by historians for doing so.

3283:

Women in World History: A biographical encyclopaedia

2588:

Encyclopædia Britannica 451; ODNB entry for Eadwig:

2401:, Richmond, Surrey: programme notes by the director 900:

Jane Austen may have been inspired by a sentence in

3353:

Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2012

2915:"Frances Burney and Alexandre D'Arblay blue plaque" 2767:Adriana Craciun; Kari Lokke; Kari E. Lokke (2001). 2007:

Women in World History: a biographical encyclopedia

1137:Burney's father disapproved of d'Arblay's poverty, 135: 89: 72: 52: 30: 2033:"17th and 18th Century Burney Collection Database" 1834: 746:the roles of narrator and heroine. The authors of 460:became a well-known classical scholar, after whom 2201:20.500.11820/3c78035f-0022-49ba-9452-a02292cb3159 2815:"Frances Burney and Charles Burney green plaque" 2590:Retrieved 18 August 2011. Subscription required. 1486:At St Margaret's Vicarage, St Margaret's Place, 1266:supportive of her husband's decision to move to 556:, histories, sermons, poetry, plays, novels and 3554:19th-century English dramatists and playwrights 3534:18th-century English dramatists and playwrights 1465:records her visits to the Thrales' home there. 1301: 925:in the United States where her work, including 706:(1782). Burney's father read public reviews of 436:, England, on 13 June 1752, to the musician Dr 154:(13 June 1752 – 6 January 1840), also known as 3624:Household of Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 3364:https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.16439.1 2719:Patient no more: the politics of breast cancer 2450:Frances Burney's Cecilia: A Publishing History 3308:New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1988 1669:. 2 vols. Ed. Annie Raine Ellis. London: 1889 456:on his second and third voyages. The younger 8: 3315:Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989 3087:The Early Diary of Frances Burney, 1768–1778 2890:"Frances Burney and Mary Delany blue plaque" 2370:"Jane Austen's use of the epistolary method" 2161:. pp. Early Journals and Letters 2: 32. 1845:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 1686:. Ed. Austin Dobson. London: Macmillan, 1904 1317:had been concluded, to be with her husband. 3258:The Bloomsbury Guide to Women's Literature. 2501:The Early Diary of Frances Burney 1768–1778 1667:The Early Diary of Frances Burney 1768–1778 1660:Posthumously published journals and letters 1468:At Windsor Castle Wall, St Alban's Street, 965:, where the Queen offered her the post of " 482:on her early writing years. Burney scholar 3292:The Novels and Journals of Frances Burney. 1703:McGill University's Burney Centre Editions 1387:, which she could have read in the 1790s. 789:, who invited Burney to visit her home in 452:became an admiral and sailed with Captain 403:recorded in her diaries while writing his 38: 27: 2199: 2189: 1698:. Ed. Lewis Gibbs. London: Everyman, 1971 1291:(midwife or obstetrician) to the Empress 1257:Life in France: revolution and mastectomy 347:All Burney's novels explore the lives of 288:Learn how and when to remove this message 3609:English women dramatists and playwrights 3466:Essays by Fanny Burney at Quotidiana.org 2144: 2018: 1684:The Diary and Letters of Madame d'Arblay 1628:, London, 1796, revised (shortened) 1802 1479:A blue plaque on a wall in Chapel Lane, 1446:A plaque on the wall at 84 High Street, 3358:Hubert de Vere." Open Res Europe 2023, 3266:'New Perspectives on the Burney Family' 2525:(London: Macmillan, 1903), pp. 149–150. 1842:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1825: 1793:, (fragment) 1788–1791? (verse tragedy) 3306:Frances Burney: The Life in The Works. 3089:, 2 vols. Edited by Annie Raine Ellis" 1702: 1420:write often to members of her family. 1395:in the "Mothers of the Novel" series. 3629:Members of the Blue Stockings Society 3343:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1958 3327:The Wanderer; or, Female Difficulties 2405:for his world première production of 2098:Frances Burney: The Life in The Works 1633:The Wanderer: Or, Female Difficulties 1496:'s four-act play, "Fanny Burney" (in 1361:The Wanderer: Or, Female Difficulties 1062:, where Burney met Alexandre d'Arblay 7: 3185:The Complete Plays of Frances Burney 2795:The Wanderer or, Female Difficulties 2755:Frances Burney: Journals and Letters 2419:The Complete Plays of Frances Burney 2172:Saggini, Francesca (29 March 2023). 1674:Diary and Letters of Madame d'Arblay 1472:, a plaque records the residence of 1141:, and ambiguous social status as an 226:adding citations to reliable sources 2681:"THE WOMAN HATER by Frances Burney" 2389:Doody, p. 451. Saggini, pp. 90-132. 2005:Commire, Anne and Deborah Klezmer. 1358:Burney published her fourth novel, 971:Juliane Elisabeth von Schwellenburg 463:The Burney Collection of Newspapers 432:Burney was born in Lynn Regis, now 3564:19th-century English women writers 3544:18th-century English women writers 3476:Burney Centre at McGill University 2967:. English Heritage. Archived from 2453:. Taylor and Francis. p. 75. 1833:Olleson, Philip (6 October 2016). 1617:Cecilia: Or, Memoirs of an Heiress 1114:in August 1791 and were living at 630:In keeping with Burney's sense of 19:For her niece the playwright, see 14: 3495:National Portrait Gallery, London 3491:Frances d'Arblay ('Fanny Burney') 3095:(3248): 109–110. 25 January 1890. 1921:"Edwy and Elgiva: Frances Burney" 1604:, (ms. destroyed by author, 1767) 1149:. The same year she produced her 871:Cecilia, or Memoirs of an Heiress 168:Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 3599:English romantic fiction writers 3458: 3299:Synergies Royaume-Uni et Irlande 3226: 3206:The Witlings and The Woman-Hater 2749:Peter Sabor and Lars E. Troide, 597:Charles Cavendish Fulke Greville 440:(1726–1814) and his first wife, 395:derives from the final pages of 202: 141: 3419:A Resource for Fanny Burney at 3403:Camilla: Or, A Picture of Youth 3329:. Frankfurt/M: Peter Lang, 2004 2797:(London: Pandora Press, 1988). 1625:Camilla: Or, A Picture of Youth 1066:In 1790–1791 Burney wrote four 819:, and with offers of help from 657:, Volume II, 4th edition (1779) 316:She published her first novel, 213:needs additional citations for 3644:Women romantic fiction writers 3559:19th-century English novelists 3539:18th-century English novelists 3442:Works by or about Fanny Burney 3397:A Celebration of Women Writers 2523:Fanny Burney (Madame d'Arblay) 1815:, 1800–1801 (satirical comedy) 1809:, 1800–1801 (satirical comedy) 1787:, c. 1788–1791 (verse tragedy) 1781:, c. 1788–1791 (verse tragedy) 1690:Dr. Johnson & Fanny Burney 1602:The History of Caroline Evelyn 1281:performed by "7 men in black, 621:The History of Caroline Evelyn 1: 3549:19th-century English diarists 3529:18th-century English diarists 3502:, March 2023, as part of the 3321:Frances Burney and the Female 3036:pixeltocode.uk, PixelToCode. 2191:10.1080/10509585.2023.2181487 1522:in memory of Frances Burney. 1207:in Surrey, which they called 953:In 1785, an association with 3341:The History of Fanny Burney. 3287:Waterford: Yorkin, 1999–2002 3213:Literature Online Biography. 3211:"Burney, Fanny, 1752–1840." 3168:General and cited references 3145:THE WITLINGS by Fanny Burney 3112:Victorian Periodicals Review 3038:"Frances and Charles Burney" 2323:Retrieved 20 September 2015. 2174:"Frances Burney: A Houstory" 1876:UK public library membership 1587:Resources in other libraries 1563:Resources in other libraries 3457:(public domain audiobooks) 3274:42, 2 (2018) ISSN 0098-2601 2965:"Burney, Fanny (1752–1840)" 2773:. SUNY Press. p. 219. 2722:. Gynergy. pp. 58–67. 2537:The History of Fanny Burney 2111:The Romance of Private Life 1988:Biography of Frances Burney 1439:Plaques and other memorials 1372:novel with elements of the 1330:returned to power in France 889:The plot revolves around a 778:Hester Thrale and Streatham 311:William Makepeace Thackeray 3675: 3500:On Frances Burney's houses 3374:Hampshire: Macmillan, 1990 3294:Hampshire: Macmillan, 1987 3062:Davenport, Hester (2013). 2159:Early Journals and Letters 2088:Commire, Klezmer, pg. 228. 1978:Commire, Klezmer, pg. 231. 1406:. These were written in a 1185: 977:of backstairs etiquette." 861: 827:, Burney began to write a 660: 474:. Her younger half-sister 21:Frances Burney (1776–1828) 18: 3395:Works by Fanny Burney at 3379:"Frances Burney d'Arblay" 3334:Fanny Burney: A Biography 3263:Sophie Marie Coulombeau, 2757:. Penguin Classics, 2001. 2349:Commire, Klezmer, p. 229. 1801:, 1799 (satirical comedy) 1767:, 1779 (satirical comedy) 1696:The Diary of Fanny Burney 1582:Resources in your library 1558:Resources in your library 1527:St Swithin's Church, Bath 904:to name her famous novel 868:In 1782 Burney published 825:Richard Brinsley Sheridan 385:and other members of the 305:with a satirical bent as 140: 37: 3654:Writers from King's Lynn 3301:3 (2010), pp. 59–74 3220:Encyclopædia Britannica. 3177:. New York: Twayne, 1968 2503:..., Vol. II, pp. 48 ff. 2178:European Romantic Review 1653:Memoirs of Doctor Burney 1636:, London: Longmans, 1814 1404:Memoirs of Doctor Burney 1383:and the early novels of 950:. She was 33 years old. 694:and the literary critic 568:entertained, notably of 516:In 1767, Charles Burney 3614:English women novelists 3574:British women essayists 3451:Works by Frances Burney 3426:5 December 2018 at the 3336:. New York: Knopf, 2001 3280:, and Deborah Klezmer. 3272:Eighteenth-Century Life 3249:Encyclopædia Britannica 2619:Encyclopædia Britannica 2539:(Clarendon Press, 1958) 2368:Bender, Barbara Tavss. 2328:22 October 2018 at the 2282:Encyclopædia Britannica 2244:Encyclopædia Britannica 1933:10.4324/9781351025140-6 1851:10.1093/ref:odnb/109741 1197:, or a Picture of Youth 1160:and became minister of 850:New York Public Library 768:Encyclopædia Britannica 757:and to a lesser extent 739:Encyclopædia Britannica 488:incestuous relationship 44:Portrait by her cousin 3639:British women diarists 3173:Michael E. Adelstein, 3106:CIVALE, SUSAN (2011). 1894:openlettersmonthly.com 1306: 1188:Camilla (Burney novel) 1063: 1012: 942: 917:Anna Laetitia Barbauld 895:third-person narration 864:Cecilia (Burney novel) 748:Women in World History 658: 387:Blue Stockings Society 3569:British child writers 3433:Works by Fanny Burney 3304:Margaret Anne Doody, 2716:Batt, Sharon (2003). 2553:(CUP, 2000), 122--27. 2491:Commire, Klezmer 230. 2447:Parisian, C. (2016). 1919:Sabor, Peter (2019), 1785:The Siege of Pevensey 1655:. London: Moxon, 1832 1505:Royal Society of Arts 1249:differ from those in 1076:The Siege of Pevensey 1050: 1032:The Siege of Pevensey 1010: 955:Mary Granville Delany 948:George Owen Cambridge 941:Print of Burney, 1782 940: 651: 46:Edward Francis Burney 3594:English pamphleteers 3377:Paula Stepankowsky, 3325:An Interpretation of 3199:Journals and Letters 2631:Saggini, Francesca. 2563:Saggini, Francesca. 2512:Literature Online 2. 1993:16 June 2006 at the 1353:Memoirs of Dr Burney 874:, written partly at 607:Journal-diaries and 476:Sarah Harriet Burney 303:novelists of manners 222:improve this article 96:Journals (1768–1840) 3659:Writers from London 3619:English women poets 3346:Francesca Saggini, 2844:bath-heritage.co.uk 2399:Orange Tree Theatre 1457:At 78 West Street, 1239:Orange Tree Theatre 967:Keeper of the Robes 906:Pride and Prejudice 760:Pride and Prejudice 731:ahead of its time. 603:in Surrey in 1766. 586:Catherine the Great 572:, a young man from 484:Margaret Anne Doody 392:Pride and Prejudice 379:Hester Lynch Thrale 349:English aristocrats 3584:Conversationalists 3481:The Burney Society 1900:on 29 October 2010 1750:vol. 2 (1791-1840) 1064: 1013: 943: 715:Critical reception 659: 527:St Martin's Street 401:Battle of Waterloo 194:Overview of career 3604:English satirists 3589:English essayists 3437:Project Gutenberg 3270:Special issue of 3256:"Burney, Fanny." 3244:D'Arblay, Frances 3218:"Burney, Fanny." 3042:Westminster Abbey 2780:978-0-7914-4969-1 2409:19 December 2007. 2157:Burney, Frances. 2071:978-0-7546-5592-3 2065:. Ashgate, 2012; 1942:978-1-351-02514-0 1874:(Subscription or 1860:978-0-19-861412-8 1571:By Frances Burney 1539:Library resources 1520:Westminster Abbey 1270:, outside Paris. 1132:Germaine de Staël 1107:French Revolution 446:Susanna Elizabeth 371:Dr Samuel Johnson 298: 297: 290: 272: 162:, was an English 149: 148: 3666: 3504:OpeRaNew project 3462: 3461: 3446:Internet Archive 3318:Mascha Gemmeke, 3253: 3232: 3230: 3229: 3161: 3154: 3148: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3081: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3012: 3006: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2991:"Burney Society" 2987: 2981: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2961: 2955: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2836: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2811: 2805: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2764: 2758: 2747: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2713: 2707: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2685:Red Bull Theater 2677: 2671: 2654: 2648: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2628: 2622: 2616: 2610: 2607: 2601: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2560: 2554: 2532: 2526: 2519: 2513: 2510: 2504: 2498: 2492: 2489: 2476: 2475: 2469: 2467: 2444: 2438: 2435: 2429: 2416: 2410: 2396: 2390: 2387: 2381: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2365: 2359: 2356: 2350: 2347: 2332: 2316: 2310: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2299:Encyclopedia.com 2291: 2285: 2279: 2256: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2226: 2219: 2213: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2203: 2193: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2154: 2148: 2142: 2131: 2128: 2122: 2107: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2086: 2073: 2061:Philip Olleson, 2059: 2053: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2039:. Archived from 2031:Turner, Adrian. 2028: 2022: 2016: 2010: 2003: 1997: 1985: 1979: 1976: 1961: 1960: 1959: 1957: 1916: 1910: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1896:. Archived from 1886: 1880: 1879: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1838: 1830: 1798:Love and Fashion 1494:Elizabeth Goudge 1400:Christ's College 1393:Margaret Drabble 1221:Love and Fashion 1166:perpetual curate 1124:adjutant-general 876:Chessington Hall 700:Elizabeth Blower 601:Chessington Hall 293: 286: 282: 279: 273: 271: 237:"Frances Burney" 230: 206: 198: 145: 79: 62: 60: 42: 28: 3674: 3673: 3669: 3668: 3667: 3665: 3664: 3663: 3649:Women satirists 3509: 3508: 3459: 3428:Wayback Machine 3421:FannyBurney.org 3392: 3332:Claire Harman, 3323:Bildungsroman: 3311:Julia Epstein, 3242:, ed. (1911). 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