278:. On 20 December 1921 the Chamber of Deputies voted by majority to revoke his electoral mandate, thereby spelling him from the chamber. The official reason was that he had been "convicted of political crimes committed in German territory after the conclusion of the armistice", which cannot be judged "in the same way as that of our ex-prisoners of war", and on the fact that, once he had returned from Germany with a German passport stamped on 1 December, Misiano had presented himself only on 7 December 1919 to the Italian authorities to regularize his position and take advantage of the amnesty for deserters.
305:. The trial attracted large and hostile crowds when he appeared in his own defence. He was convicted and sentenced to ten years’ imprisonment, although this sentence was suspended in accordance with the provisions of an already-existing amnesty. Thus left him free of prison but a marked man. in early December Misiano was again assaulted by fascist deputies in parliament and had to be protected by his communist colleagues. The fascists called in other deputies to walk out if the chamber when Misiano entered it, and many non-fascists did so.
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while he was still in prison un
Germany. He was elected in both constituencies, and on his return from Germany he opted to serve the Turin constituency. He also accepted the position of secretary of the Naples Trade Union Centre Chamber of Labor of Naples, where he supported the movement against the
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Recognized by a group of fascists within the
Politeama Margherita he was again accused of being a deserter and forced to leave. To escape further violence, he went to the Soviet Union for a while on 23 June, from which he returned the following October. To avoid further reprisals, he then preferred
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To continue the anti-militarist propaganda within the army, he applied for an officers' training course. In view of his well-known ideas, however, the request was rejected. Indeed, on 13 May, without any warning, his company was ordered to leave for the front the next day. That night, together with
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river and in the headquarters of the newspaper, the Zürich police suspected that he was one of the promoters of an insurrectional project and proceeded to arrest him. When he learned of a probable second arrest due to the general strike of 9 November 1918 which had led the authorities to place the
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entrusted
Misiano with the task of founding a film production company in Moscow, which took the name of Mežrabpom, of which he became president. It was with Mežrabpom that Misiano began his career as a film producer. The company was to produce 160 works of fiction and 240 documentaries including
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After his return to Italy he was subjected to a systematic campaign of persecution and assaults due to his past as a deserter, for which crime, judged in absentia, he was deemed liable to be shot, though his sentence was eventually commuted to life imprisonment and subsequently to a suspended
58:, where he became a manager of the railway workers' union. A convinced anti-interventionist and anti-militarist, he was arrested for taking part in the anti-war demonstration of 17 May 1915. After serving five months in prison, in March 1916 he was called up and assigned to
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Misiano continued to be the focus of a deadly hate campaign by the emerging fascist movement in Italy. In March 1921 his house in Naples was targeted by 150 fascists who threatened him, but he was able to escape. The episode was reported in a light hearted manner by
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and in the subsequent foundation of the
Communist Party of Italy (PCI). He joined the new party's central committee, representing left-wing maximalists and, as a result of his defection, he also became one of its parliamentary deputies.
209:. In response, D’Annunzio issued a decree of proscription which amounted to a summary death sentence. D’Annunzio's followers found Misiano on a beach and he had to escape by swimming out to sea. He was able to reach
145:. When they ran out of ammunition, Misiano was among those arrested who were not shot. Instead he was sentenced to ten months' imprisonment. He was released on bail thanks to the intervention of the PSI, through
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where, now suffering from pneumonia, he was admitted to a hospital where he was placed under the protection of socialist guards, since not even the doctors or nurses could be trusted not to betray him.
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city under martial law, he decided to go to Moscow, where he had been invited by
Balabanoff to edit a newspaper addressed to the volunteers of the Italian expeditionary force in Russia. Stopping in
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other soldiers, Misiano left the barracks to say goodbye to his family and, when he was about to return, he learned the news that he alone, of all the absent soldiers, had been declared a deserter.
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423:, Misiano fell into disgrace and was accused of "Trotskyist political deviations". Struck down by a serious illness, Misiano died in Moscow on 16 August 1936 at the age of 52.
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When he realized that the fury towards his person did not cease, on 15 December 1921, not without some bureaucratic difficulties, he crossed the border into
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in power in
Germany, in 1933 he welcomed directors, screenwriters and intellectuals fleeing Nazism to the Mezrapbom. Among the better known names were
137:. Together with other Italian revolutionaries who had joined the Spartacists, he fought for six days to defend the building of the socialist newspaper
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on the situation following the
Bolshevik revolution; and he was the creator of the Society of the Homeless, that soon had branches in several cities.
255:), since in Naples, while achieving 3,570 preferences, the PCI did not reach the quorum necessary for a seat. During the inaugural session of the
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190:, where he published a series of articles in which, trying to find a line of mediation between the socialist project and the positions of the
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high cost of living and the workers’ occupation of factories. However, his greatest commitment at this time was to the founding of the
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19:(26 June 1884 – 16 August 1936) was an Italian communist politician and film producer.
645:"Francesco Misiano, the Italian Communist who Brought Battleship Potemkin to the West"
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to deal with propaganda in the
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In
December 1920 a group of fascists besieged Misiano in a bar in
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31:, Italy. In the early years of the twentieth century he moved to
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L'Italia dei liberi muratori: brevi biografie di massoni famosi
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On 9 May 1918, following the discovery of some bombs in the
82:, the "Anarchist of Calabria". In Zürich he worked with the
43:(PSI) in 1907, and three years later he was initiated into
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The persecution began in August 1920 when Misiano reached
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Fascist Voices An Intimate History of Mussolini's Italy
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by about thirty newly elected fascist deputies (led by
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Misiano stood as a Socialist Party candidate in both
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Francesco Misiano International Film Production Award
581:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 109.
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Blood and Power: The Rise and Fall of Italian Fascism
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To avoid certain punishment condemnation, he fled to
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Deputies of Legislature XXVI of the Kingdom of Italy
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Deputies of Legislature XXV of the Kingdom of Italy
426:His grandson is the Russian curator and theorist
578:To Live Is to Resist The Life of Antonio Gramsci
615:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 45.
157:«for endangering the security of Switzerland».
133:, where in January 1919 he was involved in the
27:Francesco Misiano was born on 26 June 1884 in
274:The hostility to Misiano was not confined to
229:In January 1921, Misiano participated in the
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733:images of Misiano being harassed by fascists
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182:. Misiano began to collaborate with
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547:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
122:and meeting the leaders of the
676:. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
412:. In 1936, when Italy invaded
225:Communist parliamentary career
161:Socialist parliamentary career
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419:During the early part of the
249:1921 Italian general election
167:1919 Italian general election
609:Duggan, Christopher (2013).
575:Frétigné, Jean-Yves (2022).
447:Gnocchini, Vittorio (2005).
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451:. Mimesis. p. 187.
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651:. Jacobin magazine
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265:Silvio Gai
23:Early life
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188:Il Soviet
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324:In 1924
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