562:
bandits to retreat behind the bamboo hedges. A 40-millimetre gun arrived at this moment. Garnier rallied a dozen men, three of whom dragged this small cannon, and left the town at a run to pursue the enemy. As the gun could not move quickly enough across the fields, he left it behind with its gunners. He then divided the nine men who remained with him into three groups. The first two groups moved off to the left and the right, to rejoin one another further on, while he marched in the middle, followed only by two men. One and a half kilometres from the town he found himself in front of a dyke, and slipped and fell while trying to cross it. Some Black Flags hidden behind the dyke ran out, while others opened fire. At this moment the two men who were accompanying
Garnier were 100 metres behind him. One of them was killed by a bullet and the other wounded. Garnier cried, 'To me, brave boys, and we'll give them a thrashing!' He then fired the six rounds from his revolver in an attempt to rescue himself, but the bandits surrounded him, pierced him with thrusts of sabres and lances, cut off his head, odiously mutilated his corpse, and ran away. The two other groups, rushing up to the sound of the shooting, were only able to recover his bloodied corpse and bring it back to Hanoi.
469:
106:
95:
549:), marching beneath an enormous black banner, approached the west gate of Hanoi. A large Vietnamese army followed in their wake. Garnier began shelling the Black Flags with a field piece mounted above the gate, and when they began to fall back he led a party of 18 French marines and sailors out of the city to pursue them, hoping to inflict some decisive blow. The counter-attack failed. Garnier, leading three men uphill in a bayonet attack on a party of Black Flags, was stabbed and hacked to death by several Black Flag soldiers after stumbling in a watercourse. The youthful
31:
312:
295:
743:
595:
Garnier's chief fame rests on the fact that he both conceived the idea of exploring the Mekong and carried out the larger portion of the work. During the French colonial period he was also honoured for his feats of arms in Tonkin, which paved the way for the eventual French conquest of Tonkin in the
485:
completely collapsed. As French troops entered through the southern gates, most of the defenders ran away through the northern gate. In less than an hour, the French had captured the citadel. The only French casualty was one of Dupuis's
Chinese mercenaries, who had accidentally been killed by French
355:
5392 miles were traversed, and of these, 3625 miles, chiefly of country unknown to
European geography, were surveyed with care, and the positions fixed by astronomical observations, nearly the whole of the observations being taken by Garnier himself". A year earlier he received an award to be shared
561:
At midday on 21 December he was in conference with the ambassadors when an interpreter ran up, announcing that bands of Black Flags were attacking the town by the western gate. He immediately hurried to the spot, but some of his men had got there before him, and their fire had sufficed to force the
464:
came to meet them. Dupuis, however, warmly welcomed the French. After meeting with Dupuis, Garnier attempted to negotiate with the local authorities, but since the mandarins refused to negotiate, he began considering military action. On 12 November, the remainder of the expeditionary force arrived,
566:
Despite having killed the leader of the French force, the Black Flags and
Vietnamese retreated without having retaken Hanoi. Though the death of Garnier was a severe blow to the expeditionary force, his men nevertheless remained in control of the entire region. However, the conquest had not been
582:
was then signed between France and
Vietnam. In exchange for France having given back the conquered cities, Vietnam formally recognized French sovereignty over Cochinchina, opened the Red River to French trade and allowed the establishment of small French garrisons in Hanoi and
553:
Adrien Balny d'Avricourt led an equally small column out of the citadel to support
Garnier, but was also killed at the head of his men. Three French sailors were also killed in these sorties, and the others fled back to the citadel after their officers fell.
480:
On 20 November at dawn, Garnier and his 180 men stormed the citadel of Hanoi, which was defended by 7,000 soldiers. Completely dumbfounded by the French attack, the defenders performed poorly, and when
General Nguyễn Tri Phương was severely injured, their
630:(November 1884–March 1885), Liu Yung-fu's Black Flags, who formed part of the besieging Chinese army, taunted the men of the French garrison by chanting the names of their two most famous victims: 'Garnier! Rivière! Garnier! Rivière!'
571:
had been sent to terminate the campaign as soon as the news of
Garnier's attack on Hanoi reached Saigon. Philastre arrived a few days after Garnier's death and immediately ordered the evacuation of the conquered cities in early 1874.
432:
Returning to
Cochinchina, he found the political circumstances of the country unfavourable to further exploration, so accordingly, he went to China, and in 1873 followed the upper course of the Yangtze River to the
383:, Garnier successfully carried out the more-than-adventurous enterprise. When shortly afterwards Lagrée died, Garnier naturally assumed the command of the expedition, and he conducted it in safety to the
468:
1469:
1353:
Voyage d'exploration en Indo-Chine effectué pendant les années 1866, 1867 et 1868, publié sous la direction de M. Francis
Garnier, avec le concours de M. Delaporte et de MM. Joubert et Thorel
486:
sailors. Vietnamese casualties however were heavy, as they had lost 80 killed, 300 wounded and 2,000 captured. Nguyễn Tri Phương was badly injured and died of his wounds on 20 December.
758:
425:
alongside 40 fellow fighters, the convoy came under a brutal rain of Prussian shells. All of the surviving men ran away forsaking their mission, except for Garnier and a man of the
456:
Garnier departed from Saigon with half of the expeditionary force on 11 October 1873 and reached Hanoi on 5 November. As Garnier and his men arrived in the city, neither General
1218:
833:
1474:
1509:
903:
257:, jumped into a stormy sea at night to save the life of a cavalry lieutenant who had fallen overboard. For this act of bravery, Garnier was immediately promoted to
402:, Garnier served as principal staff officer to the admiral in command of the eighth sector. His experiences during the siege were published anonymously in the
1297:
763:
615:
Garnier and Rivière were honoured during the French colonial period as the two pre-eminent French martyrs of the conquest of Tonkin. In 1884, during the
575:
The heads of Garnier, Balny d'Avricourt and the other three French sailors killed in the 21 December attack were returned to the French on 6 January.
489:
Emboldened by this crushing victory, Garnier and his men soon launched an unsanctioned military campaign that resulted in the conquest of the entire
453:
to resolve the dispute and to expel Dupuis and his mercenaries from the Tonkin. Garnier's expeditionary force consisted in 180 men and two gunboats.
387:, and thus to the Chinese coast. On his return to France, he was received with enthusiasm. The preparation of his narrative was interrupted by the
865:
803:
1514:
1406:
1250:
1484:
449:
and the Vietnamese authorities had created a diplomatic crisis in Hanoi. On the demand of the Vietnamese imperial court, Garnier was sent by
320:
414:
505:
with six sailors and a Vietnamese interpreter after taking the governor hostage. On 11 December, Garnier himself conquered the citadel of
1479:
656:
652:
A warship was named after him during World War II but was scuttled after a fight with the Japanese, near the Cambodian town of Kratié.
1228:
1427:
1321:
879:
840:
787:
709:
668:
223:
694:
605:
1372:
A pictorial journey on the old Mekong: Cambodia, Laos and Yunnan: the Mekong Exploration Commission report (1866–1868), volume 3
399:
279:
After some time spent in France, Garnier returned to the East, and in 1862, he was appointed inspector of native affairs in
1464:
568:
911:
557:
Colonel Thomazi, the historian of French Indochina, gave the following detailed description of Garnier's last moments:
473:
457:
30:
704:
328:
1489:
1449:
1291:
340:
327:, but as Garnier was not considered old enough to be put in command, the chief authority was entrusted to Captain
1504:
284:
238:, as the second son of Louis-Alexandre Garnier and Anne Marie Félicité Garnier. In 1855, at 16, he joined the
273:
699:
627:
579:
426:
520:
Completely overwhelmed by the lightning French conquest, the Vietnamese authorities had sought the help of
493:
within two weeks. One of his subordinates, 24-year-old ensign Balny d'Avricourt, conquered the citadels of
1499:
1494:
512:
With the fall of Nam Dinh on 11 December, the French force was in control of the entire Red River Delta.
927:
907:
663:
637:
in French Algeria was renamed 'Francis Garnier', and retained this name until the independence in 1962.
461:
105:
1359:
1459:
1454:
662:, was built. It still is in service and was ordered to assist the humanitarian efforts following the
450:
269:
242:, much to the dismay of his family who disapproved a military career, deeming it as being dangerous.
154:
99:
94:
1397:
1366:
Travels in Cambodia and Part of Laos: the Mekong Exploration Commission report (1866–1868), volume 1
1334:
388:
211:
158:
1130:
1223:
332:
280:
262:
1423:
1317:
875:
783:
529:
376:
357:
336:
246:
140:
748:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
641:
408:
344:
254:
235:
218:; 25 July 1839 – 21 December 1873) was a French officer, inspector of Indigenous Affairs of
168:
150:
501:
with only 30 men. On 5 December, 21-year-old aspirant Hautefeuille captured the citadel of
940:
620:
616:
609:
536:
525:
509:, and the expeditionary force received its first casualties as five sailors were wounded.
490:
311:
294:
110:
1326:
1443:
1290:
1286:
971:
Histoire des colonies françaises et de l'expansion de la France dans le monde. Tome 5
754:
749:
645:
422:
384:
258:
64:
465:
and Garnier decided to capture the city despite having received no orders to do so.
368:
324:
239:
867:
Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East ..., Volume 1
677:
446:
219:
122:
1401:
673:
634:
521:
335:
addressed to the youthful traveller when, in 1870, he was presented with the
1416:
681:
604:
In 1883, nine years after Francis Garnier's death, the French naval officer
502:
498:
434:
372:
1355:(2 vols.) Only 800 copies were printed, and the original work is now rare.
871:
584:
506:
352:
348:
1301:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 472.
767:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 472.
429:
who held on and brought the wagon to destination, just the two of them.
808:
Hommes et destins: dictionnaire biographique d'outre-mer, Volumes 1 Ă 2
361:
1379:
An account of the Yang-tsze-Kiang from Garnier's pen is given in the
1314:
River Road to China: The Search for the Source of the Mekong, 1866-73
820:
494:
482:
380:
288:
16:
French explorer and colonial administrator in Indochina (1839–1873)
528:, a group of Chinese outlaws, composed largely of veterans of the
421:
One day, while he was carrying a wagon full of ammunitions to the
310:
81:
1037:
Histoire de l'intervention française au Tong-king de 1872 à 1874
567:
allowed by the French authorities, and another lieutenant named
1351:
The narrative of the principal expedition appeared in 1873, as
1329:, "Francis Garnier (1839–1873), Explorer of the Mekong River",
1338:
1195:
Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
331:. In the course of the expedition – to quote the words of Sir
1346:
River Road to China: The Mekong River Expedition, 1866–1873
1193:
Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1875).
535:
On 21 December 1873 Liu Yongfu and around 600 Black Flags (
323:
determined to send a mission to explore the valley of the
222:
and explorer. He eventually became mission leader of the
245:
In early 1860, 20 years old Garnier, then serving as an
956:
Un siècle d'épopée française en Indochine (1774-1874)
445:
In late summer 1873, a dispute between French trader
1470:
French military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War
904:"Making the Mekong: Nature, Region, Postcoloniality"
1180:
1049:
315:
Mekong Exploration Commission. Garnier at the left.
197:
174:
164:
146:
136:
128:
116:
88:
71:
51:
43:
21:
415:Le Siège de Paris, journal d'un officier de marine
612:in Tonkin, in remarkably similar circumstances.
1131:"Francis Garnier victime des 'Pavillons noirs'"
1103:Précis des guerres de la France, de 1848 à 1885
1088:
1076:
780:Francis Garnier, marin, explorateur, aventurier
559:
1219:"Kratie Set To Raise WWII Ship From the Deep"
8:
839:. Royal Geographical Society. Archived from
544:
307:Exploration of the Mekong and Yangtze rivers
234:Francis Garnier was born on 25 July 1839 in
283:, and entrusted with the administration of
1475:French military personnel killed in action
1022:
834:"Medals and Awards, Gold Medal Recipients"
29:
18:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
467:
293:
1331:Explorers of South-east Asia, Six Lives
1217:Soenthrith, Saing (December 23, 2005).
1168:
1010:
998:
720:
532:, who had settled in Northern Vietnam.
268:Under Admiral Charner he fought in the
1510:19th-century French military personnel
1292:"Garnier, Marie Joseph François"
1280:Explorers and Discoverers of the World
1035:Romanet du Caillaud, Frederic (1880).
936:
925:
821:Académie des sciences d'outre-mer 1977
367:Volunteering to lead a detachment to
360:at the 1869 Geographical Congress in
7:
1251:"Haïti: un navire français en route"
319:It was at his suggestion that the
14:
986:Les Français au Tonkin, 1787-1883
864:Ooi, Keat Gin (January 1, 2004).
804:Académie des sciences d'outre-mer
778:Petit-Brulfert, Patricia (2016).
261:and got attached to the staff of
1062:De Pouvourville, Albert (1931).
741:
226:in 19th century Southeast Asia.
104:
93:
1400:(1874) for a memoir by Colonel
1316:(Atlantic Monthly Press, 1999)
684:; and various relief shipments.
476:, taken as a trophy by Garnier.
187:
1282:. Detroit: Gale Research, 1993
902:Wong, Soo Mun Theresa (2010).
759:Garnier, Marie Joseph François
623:were named after the two men.
1:
1515:19th-century French explorers
680:personnel, land vehicles and
412:, and appeared separately as
272:and notably took part in the
224:Mekong Exploration Commission
208:Marie Joseph François Garnier
47:Marie Joseph François Garnier
1388:Chronique royale du Cambodje
1257:(in French). 15 January 2010
710:Mekong Expedition of 1866–68
321:marquis de Chasseloup-Laubat
274:storming of the Kỳ Hòa lines
1381:Bulletin de la Soc. de Geog
1348:(London and New York, 1975)
984:Gautier, Hippolyte (1887).
669:Opération Séisme Haiti 2010
1531:
1480:People of French Indochina
1434:La conquĂŞte de l'Indochine
1409:, "Further India", in the
969:Froidevaux, Henri (1932).
569:Paul-Louis-FĂ©lix Philastre
516:Death in battle near Hanoi
341:Royal Geographical Society
1485:People from Saint-Étienne
1390:, was reprinted from the
1374:(White Lotus Press, 1998)
1368:(White Lotus Press, 1996)
1101:Navacelle, Fabre (1890).
28:
1181:Romanet du Caillaud 1880
1050:Romanet du Caillaud 1880
705:Ernest Doudart de Lagrée
329:Ernest Doudard de Lagrée
1298:Encyclopædia Britannica
764:Encyclopædia Britannica
700:Francis Garnier (L9031)
648:commemorating Garnier.
608:was also killed by the
375:, the sovereign of the
298:Francis Garnier, as an
1307:Le siège de Tuyen-Quan
935:Cite journal requires
619:, two gunboats of the
578:On 15 March 1874, the
564:
545:
540:
477:
441:Intervention in Tonkin
316:
303:
215:
36:Lieutenant de vaisseau
954:Chastel, Guy (1948).
908:Ohio State University
664:2010 Haiti earthquake
471:
314:
297:
129:Years of service
1465:French Navy officers
1421:Mad About The Mekong
1411:Story of Exploration
1089:De Pouvourville 1931
1077:De Pouvourville 1931
655:In 1973 a new ship,
628:siege of TuyĂŞn Quang
551:enseigne de vaisseau
472:Ceremonial dress of
300:Enseigne de vaisseau
270:Cochinchina Campaign
155:Cochinchina Campaign
100:Second French Empire
1231:on October 19, 2013
1183:, pp. 238–240.
1013:, pp. 187–188.
1001:, pp. 184–185.
394:Franco-Prussian War
389:Franco-Prussian War
159:Franco-Prussian War
1278:Baker, Daniel ed.
1224:The Cambodia Daily
633:In 1911, the town
478:
343:of London – "from
333:Roderick Murchison
317:
304:
1490:1860s in Cambodia
1450:Explorers of Asia
1392:Journal Asiatique
1360:Walter E. J. Tips
1337:, (Kuala Lumpur:
530:Taiping Rebellion
474:Nguyễn Tri Phương
460:, nor any of his
458:Nguyễn Tri Phương
371:, the capital of
358:David Livingstone
205:
204:
1522:
1505:1860s in Vietnam
1344:Milton Osborne,
1312:Milton Osborne,
1302:
1294:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1227:. Archived from
1214:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1126:
1120:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
989:
981:
975:
974:
966:
960:
959:
951:
945:
944:
938:
933:
931:
923:
921:
919:
914:on April 2, 2015
910:. Archived from
899:
893:
892:
890:
888:
861:
855:
854:
852:
851:
845:
838:
830:
824:
818:
812:
811:
800:
794:
793:
775:
769:
768:
747:
745:
744:
738:
642:French Indochina
580:Treaty of Saigon
548:
255:Second Opium War
191:
189:
169:Legion of Honour
151:Second Opium War
118:
109:
108:
98:
97:
78:
75:21 December 1873
61:
59:
33:
19:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1440:
1439:
1305:Lonlay, D. de,
1285:
1275:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1129:Savès, Joseph.
1128:
1127:
1123:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1064:Francis Garnier
1061:
1060:
1056:
1048:
1044:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1023:Froidevaux 1932
1021:
1017:
1009:
1005:
997:
993:
983:
982:
978:
968:
967:
963:
953:
952:
948:
934:
924:
917:
915:
901:
900:
896:
886:
884:
882:
874:. p. 539.
863:
862:
858:
849:
847:
843:
836:
832:
831:
827:
819:
815:
802:
801:
797:
790:
777:
776:
772:
757:, ed. (1911). "
753:
742:
740:
739:
722:
718:
691:
658:Francis Garnier
621:Tonkin Flotilla
617:Sino-French War
602:
593:
541:pavillons noirs
526:Black Flag Army
518:
491:Red River Delta
443:
396:
373:Sultan Suleiman
309:
263:Admiral Charner
232:
193:
190: 1870)
185:
181:
157:
153:
111:French Republic
103:
102:
92:
80:
76:
63:
57:
55:
39:
38:Francis Garnier
24:
23:Francis Garnier
17:
12:
11:
5:
1528:
1526:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1414:
1413:series (1904).
1404:
1398:Ocean Highways
1395:
1384:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:Victor T. King
1327:Milton Osborne
1324:
1310:
1303:
1289:, ed. (1911).
1287:Chisholm, Hugh
1283:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1242:
1209:
1207:De Lonlay, 114
1200:
1197:. p. 162.
1185:
1173:
1171:, p. 284.
1161:
1148:
1121:
1108:
1105:. p. 358.
1093:
1091:, p. 218.
1081:
1079:, p. 217.
1069:
1066:. p. 217.
1054:
1052:, p. 116.
1042:
1039:. p. 116.
1027:
1025:, p. 414.
1015:
1003:
991:
988:. p. 167.
976:
973:. p. 416.
961:
958:. p. 150.
946:
937:|journal=
894:
880:
856:
825:
823:, p. 334.
813:
810:. p. 334.
795:
788:
782:. p. 45.
770:
755:Chisholm, Hugh
719:
717:
714:
713:
712:
707:
702:
697:
690:
687:
686:
685:
653:
601:
598:
592:
589:
546:drapeaux noirs
517:
514:
442:
439:
427:National Guard
423:Fort of Vanves
400:siege of Paris
395:
392:
337:Patron's Medal
308:
305:
287:, a suburb of
231:
228:
203:
202:
199:
195:
194:
183:
179:
178:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
120:
114:
113:
90:
86:
85:
79:(aged 34)
73:
69:
68:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1527:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:1860s in Siam
1498:
1496:
1495:1860s in Laos
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1436:(Paris, 1934)
1435:
1432:Thomazi, A.,
1431:
1429:
1428:0-00-711115-0
1425:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1407:Hugh Clifford
1405:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1322:0-87113-752-6
1319:
1315:
1311:
1309:(Paris, 1886)
1308:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1043:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1000:
995:
992:
987:
980:
977:
972:
965:
962:
957:
950:
947:
942:
929:
913:
909:
905:
898:
895:
883:
881:9781576077702
877:
873:
869:
868:
860:
857:
846:on 2011-09-27
842:
835:
829:
826:
822:
817:
814:
809:
805:
799:
796:
791:
789:9782373590081
785:
781:
774:
771:
766:
765:
760:
756:
751:
750:public domain
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
721:
715:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
695:Henri Rivière
693:
692:
688:
683:
679:
675:
671:
670:
665:
661:
660: (L9031)
659:
654:
651:
650:
649:
647:
646:postage stamp
643:
638:
636:
631:
629:
624:
622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
606:Henri Rivière
600:Commemoration
599:
597:
590:
588:
586:
581:
576:
573:
570:
563:
558:
555:
552:
547:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
515:
513:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
484:
475:
470:
466:
463:
459:
454:
452:
451:Admiral Dupré
448:
440:
438:
436:
430:
428:
424:
419:
417:
416:
411:
410:
405:
401:
393:
391:
390:
386:
385:Yangtze River
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
313:
306:
302:in the 1860s.
301:
296:
292:
290:
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
241:
237:
236:Saint-Étienne
229:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
200:
196:
180:Claire Knight
177:
173:
170:
167:
163:
160:
156:
152:
149:
145:
142:
139:
135:
131:
127:
124:
121:
115:
112:
107:
101:
96:
91:
87:
83:
74:
70:
66:
65:Saint-Etienne
54:
50:
46:
42:
37:
32:
27:
20:
1433:
1420:
1410:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1371:
1365:
1352:
1345:
1330:
1313:
1306:
1296:
1279:
1273:Bibliography
1259:. Retrieved
1254:
1245:
1233:. Retrieved
1229:the original
1222:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1188:
1176:
1169:Gautier 1887
1164:
1156:
1151:
1139:. Retrieved
1135:Herodote.net
1134:
1124:
1116:
1111:
1102:
1096:
1084:
1072:
1063:
1057:
1045:
1036:
1030:
1018:
1011:Gautier 1887
1006:
999:Gautier 1887
994:
985:
979:
970:
964:
955:
949:
928:cite journal
916:. Retrieved
912:the original
897:
885:. Retrieved
866:
859:
848:. Retrieved
841:the original
828:
816:
807:
798:
779:
773:
762:
676:carrying 60
667:
657:
639:
632:
625:
614:
603:
594:
577:
574:
565:
560:
556:
550:
534:
519:
511:
488:
479:
455:
444:
431:
420:
413:
407:
403:
397:
366:
325:Mekong River
318:
299:
278:
267:
250:
244:
240:Ecole Navale
233:
230:Early career
207:
206:
147:Battles/wars
77:(1873-12-21)
62:25 July 1839
35:
1460:1873 deaths
1455:1839 births
1235:October 18,
1137:(in French)
672:. She left
666:as part of
626:During the
610:Black Flags
591:Achievement
447:Jean Dupuis
398:During the
281:Cochinchina
253:during the
220:Cochinchina
123:French navy
1444:Categories
1402:Henry Yule
1261:16 January
850:2014-04-11
716:References
682:excavators
674:Martinique
635:Beni Haoua
522:Liu Yongfu
435:waterfalls
404:feuilleton
379:rebels in
212:Vietnamese
141:Lieutenant
89:Allegiance
58:1839-07-25
44:Birth name
1417:John Keay
1383:. (1874).
1255:Le Figaro
1155:Thomazi,
1115:Thomazi,
644:issued a
640:In 1943,
503:Ninh Binh
499:Hai Duong
462:mandarins
175:Spouse(s)
132:1855-1873
84:, Vietnam
1394:in 1872.
1358:Transl.
1157:ConquĂŞte
1141:April 3,
1117:ConquĂŞte
918:April 3,
887:April 3,
872:ABC-CLIO
806:(1977).
689:See also
585:Haiphong
524:and his
507:Nam Dinh
418:(1871).
409:Le Temps
353:Shanghai
349:Cambodia
247:aspirant
216:Ngạc Nhi
198:Children
117:Service/
67:, France
1341:, 1995)
1159:, 126–7
1119:, 126–8
752::
596:1880s.
362:Antwerp
339:of the
251:Duperré
249:on the
192:
184:
1426:
1333:, ed.
1320:
878:
786:
746:
537:French
495:Phu Ly
483:morale
381:Yunnan
377:Muslim
345:Kratié
289:Saigon
285:Cholon
259:ensign
165:Awards
119:branch
844:(PDF)
837:(PDF)
356:with
186:(
182:
82:Hanoi
1424:ISBN
1386:His
1318:ISBN
1263:2010
1237:2013
1143:2015
941:help
920:2015
889:2015
876:ISBN
784:ISBN
678:Army
497:and
369:Dali
137:Rank
72:Died
52:Born
1339:OUP
761:".
406:of
351:to
347:in
1446::
1419:,
1362::
1295:.
1253:.
1221:.
1133:.
932::
930:}}
926:{{
906:.
870:.
723:^
587:.
543:,
539::
437:.
364:.
291:.
276:.
265:.
214::
188:m.
1265:.
1239:.
1145:.
943:)
939:(
922:.
891:.
853:.
792:.
210:(
201:1
60:)
56:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
