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473:, who allowed them to stay and provided them with resources. Shortly afterwards, when Francis had recovered, he offered the 400 remaining Lancastrians, still at and around the Château de Suscinio, safe-conduct into France and even paid for their expenses. For the French, the Tudors were useful pawns to ensure that King Richard III did not interfere with French plans to acquire Brittany. Thus, the loss of the Lancastrians seriously played against the interests of Francis II.
260:
461:, and thus unite the warring houses of York and Lancaster. Henry's rising prominence made him a great threat to King Richard III, and the Yorkist king made several overtures to Duke Francis II to surrender the young Lancastrian. Francis refused, holding out for the possibility of better terms from the King. In mid-1484, Francis was incapacitated by one of his periods of illness, and while recuperating, his treasurer,
426:. Henry Tudor, the only remaining Lancastrian noble with a trace of royal bloodline, had a weak claim to the throne, and King Edward IV regarded him as "a nobody". However, Francis viewed Henry as a valuable bargaining tool for England's aid, when in conflicts with France, and therefore kept the Tudors under his protection. He housed Jasper Tudor, Henry Tudor, and the core of their group of exiled Lancastrians at the
495:
970:. The loss of Elizabeth's hand in marriage could unravel the alliance between Henry's supporters who were Lancastrians and those who were loyalists to Edward IV. Anxious to secure his bride, Henry assembled approximately 2,000 men and set sail from France on 1 August. Henry's second successful invasion of England ended with his victory at the
441:
In
October 1483, Henry Tudor launched a failed invasion of England from Brittany. Francis supported this invasion by providing 40,000 gold crowns, 15,000 soldiers, and a fleet of transport ships. Henry's fleet of 15 chartered vessels was scattered by a storm, and his ship reached the coast of England
803:, so the treaty was used to force her, as his successor, to marry Charles VIII, and later Louis XII. Despite the French victory and the signing of the treaty, la Guerre Folle dragged on beyond Francis' death for three more years until December 1491, when Anne married Charles VIII.
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and a hired army of Swiss mercenaries, and Louis was saved from his greatest adversary. The great Duchy of
Burgundy was then absorbed into the Kingdom of France, and the League of the Public Weal was essentially defeated, although several members would re-ally for the
465:, took over the reins of government. Landais reached an agreement with King Richard III to send Henry and his uncle Jasper back to England in exchange for a pledge of 3,000 English archers to defend Brittany against a threatened French attack. John Morton, a bishop of
450:, he was convicted of treason and beheaded on 2 November 1483, way before Henry's ships landed in England. For Henry's conspiracy against King Richard III had been unravelled, and without the Duke of Buckingham or Henry Tudor, the rebellion was easily crushed.
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to the king as a guarantee that in the absence of a male successor the king would determine the succession. Francis died a few months later as a result of a fall from his horse during a leisurely ride. He left only a daughter,
966:, died, and rumours spread across the country that she was murdered to pave the way for Richard to marry his niece, Elizabeth. The gossip alienated Richard from some of his northern supporters, and upset Henry across the
469:, learnt of the scheme and warned the Tudors in time. The Tudors then managed to escape separately, hours ahead of Landais' soldiers, across the nearby border into France. They were received at the court of King
912:, pretender to the English throne, and to pay a war indemnity. The duchy's autonomy was all but lost as the process of merging it into the French crown began, and Brittany's strongest ally was neutralized.
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of the king of France, and to expel foreign princes and troops from
Brittany. It also restricted his ability to marry his children to suitors of his choosing and required that he cede territory in
596:
Louis XI was renowned as a cunning adversary and a master at diplomacy, if not the military arts. His contemporary nickname was "The
Universal Spider," reflecting his constant political plotting.
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in 1477, died in prison on 5 April 1484. A large part of the nobility had been bribed by Anne and
Charles and supported them in their eagerness to subjugate Brittany. These nobles performed a
751:, a rebel lord, believing he would marry Francis' daughter Anne, reinforced the Breton army with 5000 troops supplied by the king of Spain. Maximilian I of Austria also sent 1500 men, and
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of France, whose declared aim was to enlarge the French royal domain by annexing all of the duchies – Burgundy, Berry, Normandy, Orléans, Brittany, etc. It was masterminded by
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395:, died in the aftermath of the Battle of Tewkesbury. Their deaths left the House of Lancaster with no direct claimants to the throne. Subsequently, the Yorkist king,
916:, however, became a formidable queen consort and fought to preserve Brittany's autonomy and Francis II's legacy for herself, the Breton people, and her descendants.
896:
Breton nobles acted to safeguard Anne as their
Duchess and to protect the Duchy's autonomy for which Francis had fought so hard. In 1489 these nobles signed the
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1040:
642:. As Duke of Burgundy, Charles aspired to forge a kingdom of his own between France and Germany, approximating the former domains of the Frankish Emperor
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Survivors of the failed uprising then fled to
Brittany, where they openly supported Henry Tudor's claim to the throne. On Christmas Day in 1483 at the
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In focusing on relations with his neighbour France, however, Francis II neglected his own realm. His corrupt and oppressive prime minister,
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with Henry VII; that treaty between
Brittany and England was intended to prevent the annexation of Brittany by France. However, in 1491
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with France, effectively removing
England's defense of Breton autonomy in return for promises from the French to no longer support
759:. This battle also destroyed the power-base of the warring noble leaders as Edward Woodville was killed, and Louis of Orléans and
338:, Countess of Vertus (1406–1466). Richard of Brittany was the youngest son of Duke John IV of Brittany. Richard's older brothers,
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1378:
Bataille de Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier, in
Jacques Garnier dir. Dictionnaire Perrin des guerres et batailles de l'histoire de France
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and House of Lancaster fought each other for the English throne. In 1471, the Yorkists defeated their rivals in the battles of
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814:. His tomb was commissioned by his daughter Anne, and is an important early example of Renaissance sculpture in France.
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434:, where they remained for 11 years. There, Francis generously supported this group of exiled Englishmen against all the
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314:. The armed and unarmed conflicts from 1465 to 1477 and 1484–1488 have been called the "War of the Public Weal" and the
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invaded Brittany and forced Anne to marry him, thereby gaining control of the duchy. Then in 1492 Henry VII signed the
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in company with only one other vessel. Henry realised that the soldiers on shore were the men of the new Yorkist king,
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The fortunes of Francis and Brittany would continue to deteriorate after Louis XI's death in 1483, as his daughter
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In 1467 Charles the Bold inherited the Duchy of Burgundy, which held fiefs in France that included the counties of
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1369:"The King's Army into the Partes of Bretaigne': Henry VII and the Breton Wars", War in History, Vol. 7, No. 4
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603:. This was an alliance of feudal nobles organized in 1465 in defiance of the centralized authority of King
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died in 1450 and 1457 respectively, without sons), the only legitimate male heir was his nephew Francis.
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1575:. Yale English Monarchs (revised ed.). New Haven, Connecticut; and London: Yale University Press.
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Francis gained custody over the Tudors when they tried to flee to France but strong winds in the
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690:. She had been pursuing the same underhand politics towards Brittany as her father Louis XI.
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295:
294:. A recurring theme in Francis' life would be his quest to maintain the quasi-independence of
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778:. Under the terms of the treaty, the duke was compelled to submit himself and his duchy as a
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was signed with France in 1487 and reaffirmed Brittany's autonomy. Despite the Treaty of
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411:(later King Henry VII of England), naming them as traitors and confiscating their lands.
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346:, both succeeded their father as duke, but upon Arthur's death in 1458 (John V's sons
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1594:. Yale English Monarchs. New Haven, Connecticut; and London: Yale University Press.
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succeeded in escaping, and played an important part in continuing the conflict.
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and heir and successor to further assure the Duchy's autonomy from France. The
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720:, however, the French continued to harass the Duchy. Under the leadership of
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1044:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 617–618.
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Francis was anxious to maintain his duchy's autonomy during the minority of
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L'État Breton, tome 2 de l' Histoire de la Bretagne et des pays celtiques
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Manuscripts, Market and the Transition to Print in Late Medieval Brittany
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in exile from 1471 to 1484. During the latter half of the 15th century,
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519: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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de La Borderie, Arthur Le Moyne (Membre de l'Institut) (1905–1914).
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310:, who served as regent during the minority of her brother, King
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A few days later, on 10 August, Francis was forced to sign the
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302:. As such, his reign was characterized by conflicts with King
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In 1486, the Estates of Brittany confirmed Francis' daughter
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would serve as regent for putative successor Charles VIII.
457:, Henry swore an oath to marry King Edward IV's daughter,
1082:
1080:
865:(1477–1514), his only legitimate heir to reach adulthood.
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Francis unexpectedly became the protector of England's
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Histoire de l'union de la Bretagne Ă la France, 2 vol
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834:. They had one son who died shortly after his birth:
1552:. Rennes, France: Editions *Ouest-France Université.
1446:. Translated by Krieger, Angela. Palgrave Macmillan.
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ousting Landais, who was eventually hanged in 1485.
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838:John, Count of Montfort (29 June – 25 August 1463)
880:Francis also had five illegitimate children with
403:those who refused to submit to his rule, such as
290:from 1458 to his death. He was the grandson of
868:Isabeau of Brittany (1478–1490), betrothed to
822:Francis was married twice. His first wife was
286:) (23 June 1433 – 9 September 1488) was
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1308:
46:Sculpture of Francis II on his tomb in Nantes
8:
1526:Government and Community: England, 1450–1509
1494:L'État Breton aux XIVe et XVe siècles, 2 vol
1416:Histoire de la Bretagne, 6 volumes in-quarto
263:Coat of Arms of Francis II, Duke of Brittany
944:Other politically important horse accidents
872:in 1481, died young, and was buried at the
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1548:Legay, Jean-Pierre; Martin, Hervé (1982).
1457:. Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc., 2nd ed.
697:, who was overthrown by treasurer general
399:, was in complete control of England. He
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2497:Deaths by horse-riding accident in France
579:Learn how and when to remove this message
62:26 December 1458 – 9 September 1488
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646:. But Charles was killed in 1477 at the
1444:Queenship in Medieval France, 1300-1500
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983:League of the Public Weal in French is
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438:demands that he should surrender them.
171: 1455; died 1469)
1621:. Morlaix: Éditions Skol Vreizh. 1996.
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332:Richard of Brittany, Count of Étampes
7:
1437:. Paris, France: Librairie Hachette.
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1221:
1161:
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1113:
1086:
517:adding citations to reliable sources
330:Francis was born on 23 June 1433 to
1630:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
962:On 16 March 1485, Richard's queen,
363:Protector of the House of Lancaster
995:Francis II's tomb was designed by
732:, controlling access to Brittany.
448:Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham
27:Duke of Brittany from 1458 to 1488
25:
611:, Count of Charolais, son of the
358:Relationship with English royalty
2512:French people of Italian descent
1529:. Massachusetts, United States:
1442:Gaude-Ferragu, Murielle (2016).
757:Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier
745:Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
493:
485:Relationship with French royalty
2502:French people of Breton descent
2443:François de Bourbon (1973–1984)
1628:The Life and Times of Henry VII
1351:The Growth of the French Nation
599:Francis became a member of the
504:needs additional citations for
190:
168:
2477:15th-century dukes of Brittany
1425:Joan of Arc: A Military Leader
884:, the former mistress of King
528:"Francis II, Duke of Brittany"
1:
1882:
1792:
1649:Francis II, Duke of Brittany
1471:Kendall, Paul Murray (1973).
929:Dukes of Brittany family tree
753:Edward Woodville, Lord Scales
252:Margaret, Countess of Étampes
2517:People from Loire-Atlantique
2487:15th-century peers of France
2482:15th-century Roman Catholics
2253:War of the Breton Succession
1376:Contamine, Philippe (2004).
630:, and the Imperial lands of
1609:Tourault, Philippe (1990).
1353:. Chautauqua Century Press.
828:Francis I, Duke of Brittany
684:Charles, Count of AngoulĂŞme
682:(the future Louis XII) and
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1626:Williams, Neville (1973).
1385:Chrimes, Stanley (1999) .
806:Francis is interred in an
680:Louis, the Duke of Orléans
678:. He aligned himself with
615:, with the king's brother
375:existed in England as the
334:(1395–1438) and his wife,
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1454:Europe in the Middle Ages
1391:. Yale English Monarchs.
1358:Booton, Diane E. (2010).
842:Francis' second wife was
826:, the eldest daughter of
743:Francis then allied with
686:, against the regency of
670:Regency of Anne of France
652:René II, Duke of Lorraine
601:League of the Public Weal
292:John IV, Duke of Brittany
242:Richard, Count of Étampes
214:Anne, Duchess of Brittany
39:
1613:. Paris, France: Perrin.
1561:. Paris, France: Fayard.
1557:Minois, Georges (1999).
1531:Harvard University Press
1367:Currin, John M. (2000).
972:Battle of Bosworth Field
882:Antoinette de Maignelais
852:Gaston IV, Count of Foix
722:Louis II de la Trémoille
387:. The Lancastrian king,
1590:Ross, Charles (1999) .
1492:Kerhervé, Jean (1987).
1462:Jones, Michael (1988).
1433:Dupuy, Antoine (1880).
1423:Devries, Kelly (1999).
1380:. Paris,France: Perrin.
1041:Encyclopædia Britannica
985:La ligue du Bien public
830:(his first cousin) and
761:John IV of Chalon-Arlay
714:Treaty of Chateaubriant
418:forced them to land at
306:and with his daughter,
210:John, Count of Montfort
2522:French Roman Catholics
1519:Lander, Jack (1981) .
1466:. The Hambledon Press.
1393:New Haven, Connecticut
1349:Adams, George (1896).
902:Charles VIII of France
676:Charles VIII of France
617:Charles, Duke of Berry
481:
480:The Tomb of Francis II
471:Charles VIII of France
444:Richard III of England
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18:Francis II of Brittany
1451:Hoyt, Robert (1966).
1397:Yale University Press
1362:. Ashgate Publishing.
886:Charles VII of France
479:
393:Edward of Westminster
262:
2527:Montfort of Brittany
2309:Montfort of Brittany
2136:House of Plantagenet
2032:House of Cornouaille
1659:Cadet branch of the
1464:Creation of Brittany
1427:. The History Press.
934:Henry VII of England
832:Isabella of Scotland
824:Margaret of Brittany
513:improve this article
397:Edward IV of England
157:Margaret of Brittany
2082:House of Penthièvre
1236:, pp. 145–146.
1089:, pp. 172–173.
619:, as a figurehead.
428:Château de Suscinio
389:Henry VI of England
336:Margaret of Orléans
218:Isabeau of Brittany
1309:Gaude-Ferragu 2016
1296:, p. 379-412.
856:Eleanor of Navarre
747:, against France.
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391:and his only son,
369:House of Lancaster
304:Louis XI of France
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1112:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1028:
1027:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1007:
994:
990:
982:
978:
968:English Channel
961:
957:
952:
925:
919:
898:Treaty of Redon
894:
820:
763:were captured.
741:
737:La Guerre Folle
672:
648:Battle of Nancy
594:
585:
574:
568:
565:
522:
520:
510:
498:
487:
416:English Channel
407:and his nephew
365:
360:
328:
320:la Guerre Folle
221:
197:
196:
193: 1471)
188:
184:
174:
166:
162:
159:
141:
126:
122:
105:
72:3 February 1459
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2540:
2538:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2459:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2435:
2428:
2426:
2419:
2417:Courtesy title
2413:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2386:
2384:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2320:
2318:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2284:
2271:
2264:
2262:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2216:
2214:
2207:
2205:House of Dreux
2201:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2184:
2177:
2175:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2147:
2145:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2121:Guy of Thouars
2115:
2106:
2100:
2093:
2091:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2042:
2040:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1975:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1921:
1919:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1807:Saint Judicael
1804:
1798:
1796:
1786:
1785:Early monarchs
1782:
1781:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1747:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1730:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1703:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1683:Regnal titles
1680:
1679:
1662:House of Dreux
1658:
1651:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1636:
1623:
1615:
1606:
1600:
1587:
1581:
1563:
1554:
1545:
1539:
1516:
1502:
1489:
1483:
1468:
1459:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1420:
1411:
1405:
1395:; and London:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:, p. 152.
1325:
1323:, p. 317.
1313:
1298:
1286:
1284:, p. 143.
1274:
1272:, p. 325.
1262:
1250:
1238:
1226:
1224:, p. 144.
1214:
1202:
1200:, p. 297.
1190:
1188:, p. 324.
1178:
1166:
1164:, p. 196.
1154:
1152:, p. 118.
1142:
1140:, p. 117.
1130:
1118:
1116:, p. 192.
1103:
1091:
1076:
1074:, p. 182.
1059:
1047:
1032:, ed. (1911).
1030:Chisholm, Hugh
1015:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1001:Michel Colombe
988:
976:
954:
953:
951:
948:
947:
946:
941:
936:
931:
924:
921:
910:Perkin Warbeck
893:
890:
878:
877:
866:
850:, daughter of
846:, Princess of
840:
839:
819:
816:
808:elaborate tomb
765:Alain d'Albret
749:Alain d'Albret
740:
734:
699:Pierre Landais
688:Anne of France
671:
668:
664:Anne of France
593:
590:
587:
586:
501:
499:
492:
486:
483:
463:Pierre Landais
364:
361:
359:
356:
327:
324:
308:Anne of France
255:
254:
249:
245:
244:
239:
235:
234:
232:Dreux-Montfort
229:
223:
222:
220:
219:
216:
211:
207:
205:
199:
198:
186:
180:
179:
178:
177:
164:
160:
155:
154:
153:
152:
149:
147:
143:
142:
137:
135:
131:
130:
125:(aged 55)
119:
115:
114:
102:
98:
97:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
70:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2539:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2295:
2288:
2285:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1713:
1709:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1669:
1664:
1663:
1656:
1655:
1646:
1639:
1637:0-297-76517-5
1633:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1601:0-300-07979-6
1597:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1582:0-300-07372-0
1578:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1567:Ross, Charles
1564:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1540:0-674-35794-9
1536:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1521:"Richard III"
1517:
1515:
1514:2-224-01704-9
1511:
1505:
1503:2-224-01703-0
1499:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1484:0-351-17095-2
1480:
1476:
1475:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1406:0-300-07883-8
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1311:, p. 16.
1310:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1260:, p. 39.
1259:
1254:
1251:
1248:, p. 38.
1247:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1212:, p. 31.
1211:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1176:, p. 19.
1175:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1131:
1128:, p. 25.
1127:
1126:Williams 1973
1122:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1101:, p. 17.
1100:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1057:, p. 44.
1056:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1002:
998:
992:
989:
986:
980:
977:
973:
969:
965:
959:
956:
949:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
926:
922:
920:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
891:
889:
887:
883:
875:
871:
870:Jean d'Albret
867:
864:
861:
860:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
837:
836:
835:
833:
829:
825:
817:
815:
813:
809:
804:
802:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
739:(The Mad War)
738:
735:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
718:Chateaubriant
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
669:
667:
665:
660:
658:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
597:
592:King Louis XI
591:
583:
580:
572:
561:
558:
554:
551:
547:
544:
540:
537:
533:
530: –
529:
525:
524:Find sources:
518:
514:
508:
507:
502:This section
500:
496:
491:
490:
484:
478:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
377:House of York
374:
370:
362:
357:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
261:
253:
250:
246:
243:
240:
236:
233:
230:
228:
224:
217:
215:
212:
209:
208:
206:
204:
200:
183:
176:
175:
158:
151:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
129:
120:
116:
112:
108:
103:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2425:1547–present
2353:
2289:(1341–1345)
2282:disputed by
1812:Alain II Hir
1723:
1696:
1674:
1670:23 June 1433
1667:
1660:
1652:
1627:
1618:
1610:
1591:
1571:
1558:
1549:
1525:
1493:
1473:
1463:
1455:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1424:
1415:
1387:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1343:Bibliography
1328:
1316:
1289:
1282:Kendall 1973
1277:
1265:
1258:Chrimes 1999
1253:
1246:Chrimes 1999
1241:
1229:
1217:
1210:Chrimes 1999
1205:
1198:Kendall 1973
1193:
1181:
1174:Chrimes 1999
1169:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1099:Chrimes 1999
1094:
1072:Devries 1999
1050:
1039:
997:Jean Perréal
991:
984:
979:
964:Anne Neville
958:
918:
895:
879:
858:. They had:
841:
821:
805:
773:
742:
736:
707:
702:
692:
673:
661:
621:
598:
595:
575:
569:January 2019
566:
556:
549:
542:
535:
523:
511:Please help
506:verification
503:
452:
440:
413:
405:Jasper Tudor
366:
329:
319:
312:Charles VIII
283:
275:
267:
266:
123:(1488-09-09)
104:23 June 1433
29:
2472:1488 deaths
2467:1433 births
2440:(1707–1712)
2434:(1704–1705)
2404:(1536–1547)
2398:(1524–1536)
2396:Francis III
2392:(1514–1524)
2362:(1488–1514)
2356:(1458–1488)
2350:(1457–1458)
2344:(1450–1457)
2338:(1442–1450)
2332:(1399–1442)
2326:(1365–1399)
2296:(1345–1365)
2279:(1341–1364)
2270:(1341–1364)
2240:(1312–1341)
2234:(1305–1312)
2228:(1286–1305)
2222:(1221–1286)
2192:(1213–1221)
2183:(1203–1221)
2153:(1196–1203)
2123:(1199–1201)
2114:(1181–1186)
2112:Geoffrey II
2105:(1166–1201)
2099:(1156–1166)
2069:(1148–1156)
2060:(1148–1156)
2054:(1112–1148)
2048:(1072–1112)
2020:(1066–1072)
2011:(1066–1072)
2005:(1040–1066)
1999:(1008–1034)
1993:(1008–1040)
1592:Richard III
1496:. Maloine.
1333:Booton 2010
1321:Booton 2010
1294:Currin 2000
1270:Lander 1981
1186:Lander 1981
796:Saint-Aubin
703:coup d'Ă©tat
436:Plantagenet
409:Henry Tudor
284:François II
77:Predecessor
2461:Categories
2354:Francis II
2348:Arthur III
1987:(992–1008)
1985:Geoffrey I
1949:Alan (III)
1862:Gourmaëlon
1691:Arthur III
1055:Jones 1988
1011:References
854:and Queen
784:Saint-Malo
640:Luxembourg
539:newspapers
420:Le Conquet
385:Tewkesbury
344:Arthur III
326:Early life
276:Frañsez II
268:Francis II
113:, Brittany
81:Arthur III
68:Coronation
35:Francis II
2383:1514–1547
2336:Francis I
2317:1365–1514
2261:1341–1365
2232:Arthur II
2213:1221–1341
2174:1203–1221
2144:1196–1203
2103:Constance
2090:1156–1196
2052:Conan III
2039:1072–1156
1981:(990–992)
1951:(988–990)
1945:(981–988)
1939:(960–981)
1933:(952–958)
1927:(938–952)
1894:Rognvaldr
1842:Pascweten
1572:Edward IV
1569:(1997) .
1508:Volume 2
1388:Henry VII
1234:Ross 1999
1222:Ross 1999
1162:Ross 1999
1150:Ross 1999
1138:Ross 1999
1114:Ross 1999
1087:Ross 1997
659:in 1485.
644:Lothair I
401:attainted
373:civil war
348:Francis I
87:Successor
2342:Peter II
2238:John III
2151:Arthur I
2097:Conan IV
2003:Conan II
1991:Alan III
1972:958–1072
1852:Judicael
1822:Wihomarc
1778:Brittany
1774:Monarchs
1735:John III
923:See also
788:Fougères
767:and the
730:Fougères
650:against
628:Flanders
605:Louis XI
467:Flanders
424:Brittany
352:Peter II
296:Brittany
2324:John IV
2294:John IV
2277:Charles
2226:John II
2190:Peter I
2046:Alan IV
2018:Hoël II
1979:Conan I
1943:Guerech
1925:Alan II
1918:938–958
1885:907–938
1847:Gurvand
1837:Salomon
1832:Erispoe
1827:Nominoe
1795:578–907
1718:John II
848:Navarre
810:in the
657:Mad War
636:Brabant
632:Holland
553:scholar
432:Sarzeau
316:Mad War
195:
187:
173:
165:
161:
146:Spouses
128:Couëron
2390:Claude
2330:John V
2220:John I
2067:Odo II
2058:Bertha
2009:Hawise
1937:Hoël I
1891:Hroflr
1857:Alan I
1817:Morman
1802:Waroch
1673:
1634:
1598:
1579:
1537:
1512:
1500:
1481:
1403:
892:Legacy
818:Family
794:, and
780:vassal
726:Vannes
638:, and
624:Artois
555:
548:
541:
534:
526:
381:Barnet
340:John V
300:France
280:French
272:Breton
248:Mother
238:Father
134:Burial
111:Nantes
2402:Henry
2118:later
1997:Odo I
1931:Drogo
1897:Incon
1675:Died:
1668:Born:
950:Notes
792:Dinan
560:JSTOR
546:books
298:from
227:House
203:Issue
189:(
185:
167:(
163:
59:Reign
2360:Anne
2274:with
2268:Joan
2187:with
2181:Alix
2109:with
2064:with
2015:with
1708:Anne
1632:ISBN
1596:ISBN
1577:ISBN
1535:ISBN
1510:ISBN
1498:ISBN
1479:ISBN
1401:ISBN
914:Anne
728:and
710:Anne
626:and
532:news
383:and
350:and
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