François Achille Bazaine - Knowledge (XXG)

936: 1062:(who was in increasingly poor health) was swift to give Bazaine the title of Commander-in-Chief of the French Army on 13 August 1870. At the time, Napoleon's choice was considered to be a wise one. It was widely believed by French politicians and soldiers alike, that if anyone was capable of saving France from the Prussian onslaught, it was "notre glorieux Bazaine" ("our glorious Bazaine"). He was the only remaining Marshal of France not to have suffered defeat at the hands of Prussian forces in the early weeks of the war. However, being the youngest of the French Marshals, Napoleon's choice was met with suspicion and jealousy by the older, socially superior Marshals. Hence it was with reluctance that he took up the chief command, and his tenure became the central act in the tragedy of 1870. He found the army in retreat, ill-equipped and numerically at a great disadvantage, and the generals and officers discouraged and distrustful of one another. Bazaine's solution was to bring back his army to 115: 138: 126: 1132:. Bazaine's was able to successful repel the attack in spite of the fierce fighting by the two German corps. However, Alvensleben defeated all attempts by four French corps to dislodge his III Corps. On 16 August, Alvensleben attacked the French advance guard, believing that it was the rearguard of the retreating Army of the Rhine. Despite his misjudgment, Alvensleben held off four French corps for seven hours. The French could have swept away the key Prussian defense and escaped, however, Bazaine had no confidence in his generals or his troops, and contented himself with inflicting severe losses on the most aggressive portions of the German army. Ultimately the aggression and skill of the Prussians prevailed over Bazaine's gross indecision. 1833:, which was published in 1883 during Bazaine's exile in Madrid. This book also recorded his defence against the 1873 accusation of treason, it was not directed to a vindication of Bazaine's conduct during the Franco-German War, but instead a sort of history of that disastrous campaign, with a considerable portion of the book devoted to setting forth how the catastrophes of 1870 might have been prevented, or at least diminished, providing facsimiles of official documents, dispatches, and letters, including a report addressed by the Emperor Napoleon in captivity at Wilhelmshohe and a communication to Empress Engénie during the events of Metz, and maps to elucidate the campaign. In France this work was immediately forbidden. 924: 1653:"Many persons believe that the unfortunate Marshal was the victim of a fatality or a mistake of judgment, and many articles and books have been printed in his defense, and now, at length, a worthy Spanish officer, son of Marshal Bazaine, has addressed to the Minister of Justice of the French Republic a request, based on the terms of the law of 1895, for the revision of judgment of the court-martial of Trianon which convicted his late father. It is quite possible, indeed certain, that the position of Alphonse Bazaine will revive in France as well as abroad a passionate controversy as to the guilt or innocence of the Marshal." 956: 1103:, Bazaine retrospectively argues that Verdun was the best line of defense for France, and therefore Napoleon was right in ordering a retreat to Verdun, after the defeats of August. However, the French staff work and organization of the movement over the Moselle was so ineffective that when the German staff calculated that Bazaine was nearing Verdun, the French had in reality barely got their artillery and baggage trains through the town of Metz. Even on the battlefield Bazaine forbade the general staff to appear, and conducted the fighting by means of his personal orderly officers. 1030:(Northern Journal): "famine, the atmospheres brought down the arms of 63,000 real combatants which remained (the artillery no longer fixed and the cavalry demounted, all this after having eaten the majority of horses and searched the land in all directions to find rarely a weak provision to general privations). Add to this dark painting more 20,000 sick or wounded to the point of absence of medicines and a torrential rain since 15 days now, flooding the camps and not allowing the men to rest because their small tents were the only shelter they had". 1107: 749: 1164:, intercepting his communication with the interior of France. This Bazaine expected, and feeling certain that the Germans would sooner or later attack him in his chosen position, he made no attempt to interfere with their concentration. The great battle was fought, and having inflicted severe punishment on his assailants, Bazaine fell back within the entrenched camp of Metz. But although he made no appeals for help, the only remaining army of France, 1553:. With his own means stripped of him, he had his eldest son's pay to depend upon besides the assistance of some well-known army men who were charitable to the old soldier. However Bazaine's position in society was undermined by the negative influence of France. Admiral Jaures (French Ambassador in Madrid) had made it a rule to leave every ball, fete, or drawing room where he met Bazaine, on several instances naming the Court-Martial as the reason. 1247:. Upon surrendering, the Army of the Rhine became prisoners of war to the number of 180,000. This surrender is often explained by Bazaine's lack of motivation to defend a government that corresponded less and less to his political ideals and the best interests of France, as he saw it. A week's further resistance would have potentially enabled the levies of the National Defence government to crush the weak forces of the Germans on the 935: 1392:. The majority of them were, on account of their proved incapacity or weakness, deprived of their military honours. Even Ulrich, the once celebrated commander of Strasbourg, whose name had been given to a street in Paris, was brought under the censure of the court-martial. However, Bazaine, as Commander-in-Chief, was attributed with the blame for the Third Republic for France's defeat at the hands of the Prussians 1050:

more than a 100,000 of its defenders. Marshal Bazaine has betrayed. He has made himself the agent of Sedan, the partner in crime with the invader, and, in the middle of the army which had the guard of, he simply delivered it, without even attempting a supreme effort, 120,000 combatants, 20,000 wounded, guns, cannons, the flags and the strongest citadels of France, Metz, virgin, to him, of foreign defilements".

289: 1615:. He began to take little care of his personal appearance, growing a long grayish beard and became a source of pity by local Spaniards. At his Madrid lodgings, Bazaine died of a stroke on 23 September 1888 (aged 77), after an infection he contracted during the Madrid winter of 1887/8. Afonse Bazaine, now a Corporal of the Chasseurs in the Spanish army, was away from Madrid when his father died. 3167: 1026:, on 2 September, he represented the last hope in the French camp, Bazaine renounced to pursue combat and capitulated on 28 October. This surrender is often explained by the lack of motivation of Bazaine to defend a government which was corresponding less and less to his conservative ideas. However, Bazaine also presented the situation differently in a letter on 2 November 1870 in the 1998: 1195:

cavalry and horses to pull the guns, Bazaine's ability to mount effective attempts to break out rapidly diminished. On 7 October, hungry and immobilised, Bazaine dispatched two 40,000 man foraging parties along both banks of the Moselle, but the Prussian guns blew the French wagons off the road and the Prussian infantry cut swathes through the desperate French soldiers with

1228:, England. The purport of these negotiations still remain to some extent obscure, but it is beyond question that he proposed with the permission of the Prussians to employ his army in "saving France from herself", perhaps to ignite a revolution against the government of the Third Republic. When considered in light of the fact that Bazaine had long been a known 1280:"The initiatives of the Marshals or Generals placed at the head of the seven great Territorial Army Divisions was simply null. They were left to the directions of the Minister of War, and, what is more they could obtain no information as to the works of the same, or movement of material. For my part I saw the mitrailleuses only on their arrival at Metz." 44: 1011:, probably to restore the Empire torn since 4 September. He negotiated equally with the Germans the authorization of an exit of his army « pour sauver la France d'elle-même » (to save France from itself), which meant from the republican push, as in revolutionary. It was during this stage that he vigorously opposed captain 1570:), who was dangerously wounded on the head. During the attack, Hillairan shouted "J'ai vengé ma patrie." ("I avenged my country."), telling police later that he had come there with the intention of killing Bazaine. The wound was said to be "slight", and Bazaine was described as "slowly recovering" from his wound a month later. 1359:, and attempting to show the incapacity of the Emperor, through his subordinate. Certain Bonapartists were not unhappy that Bazaine was being judged, as this obscured accordingly the responsibilities of Napoleon III. Bazaine was then the ideal expiatory victim, who was brought in front of a war council sitting at 1416:. Despite a vigorous defence of Bazaine's actions by Lachaud, and the presentation of a number of strong witness statements from his staff including Colonel Willette, the court found Bazaine guilty of negotiating with and capitulating to the enemy before doing all that was prescribed by duty and honour. 1095:

repulses on the German enemy. The over-cautious troop movement, to prevent surprise rushes and ambushes, reduced the mobility of a large army, which had favourable marching conditions, to 5 miles a day as against the enemy's rate of 15 miles a day. Bazaine attempted halfheartedly to begin a retreat on

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In the same year as Bazaine's death, Count d'Herrison published an account in defence of the Bazaine's decisions during the Franco-Prussian war, which casting doubt upon the characters and motivations of witnesses whose testimonies were key to the court's findings that Bazaine was guilty of treason.

1367:, President, condemned him to death with military degradation for having capitulated in an open campaign, collaborated with the enemy, and surrendered Metz before having exhausted all available means of defense. However, the same tribunal, which just condemned him, signed unanimously and sent to the 1135:

Citing the need to acquire more ammunition and the distance from the supply trains, Bazaine issued an order on the night of 16–17 August for his army to fall back closer to Metz. The strong defensive positions of the fortress would, he thought, enable him to inflict massive losses on the Germans and

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Remaining in Metz was based on the knowledge that if the slow-moving French army ventured far out it would infallibly be headed off and brought to battle in the open by a superior numbered adversary. In "strong positions" close to his stronghold, however, Bazaine hoped that he could inflict damaging

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urgently and repeatedly requested reinforcements from Bazaine, but did not obtain them. The latter had judged that Saint-Privat was not an important battle and refused to engage his reserve troops, which were numerous. No reinforcements were sent to the French troops which were engaged heroically in

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Marshal Bazaine has long rested under a cloud in his country on account of his connection with the invasion of Mexico by Maximillian, and, feeling as Americans did and still do about this enterprise of Emperor Napoleon, it is difficult to form an unprejudiced estimate of the character of the man who

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Bazaine was initially married Maria Juaria Gregorio Tormo de la Soledad, on 12 June 1852, during his commandment of the Sidi Bel Abbès (Algeria) subdivision of the 1er R.E.L.E. (1851-1854). His first wife died while he was in Mexico, and Bazaine got engaged and married to Maria-Josefa Pedraza de la

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in the hope to assemble a Liberation army, understood that his initiative was unworkable and accordingly launched a proclamation where he explicitly accused Bazaine of treason in his speech: "Metz was capitulated. A general on whom France was counting, even after Mexico, just lifted from the Nation

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at the mouth of the Dnieper to attack the remaining Russian forces to the North of Sebastopol. He led a daring landing and seized the naval fortress with a frontal assault, an action for which he received particular praise: "General Bazaine who commands that portion of the French Army now operating

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The French nation could not rest with the thought that their military supremacy had been broken by the superiority of the Prusso-German armies; their defeats could have proceeded only from the treachery or incapacity of their leaders. The commanders who had surrendered the French fortresses to the

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His first wife died while he was in Mexico. On 28 May 1865, while still in Mexico, Bazaine got engaged and married to Maria-Josefa Pedraza de la Peña y Barragán, who was described as belonging to "a respectable Mexican family, well connected with the Spanish aristocracy and had numerous friends in

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on 31 August but the French were repulsed, losing 3,500 men in the attempt. There were supplies in Metz to last no more than a month, such that by early September the order was given for work horses to be slaughtered for food. By mid September, cavalry horses also began to be slaughtered. Without

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The way in which he conducted the left wing of the French forces in the final Allied assault on Sebastopol on 8 September 1855 (wounded, shell fragment in left hip, his horse killed under him), received acclaim of the highest order from the Allied Command and he was subsequently promoted to Major

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A cavalry patrol of the 1st Squadron of the 1st Hanoverian Dragoon Regiment No. 9, led by Rittmeister Oskar von Blumenthal, discovered that Marshal François Bazaine's 160,000-man Army of the Rhine was attempting to escape from Metz to join with French forces at Verdun. This intelligence prompted

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Officer, had served in many campaigns alongside Bazaine, also been beaten at Sedan. MacMahon was visibly disgusted when he received the news of the Court's decision and was incensed by their attempt to pass responsibility to him. MacMahon first proposed life imprisonment, though he softened and

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Bazaine's health had progressively slowly deteriorated due to the injuries received during his 40-year-long military career. Pepita took her daughter and one of her sons to Mexico, to look after the little fortune she had left, awaiting Mexican government compensation for the couple's property

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and treated rather as an exile than as a convict. During the night of 9–10 August 1874, at the instigation of his wife (Pepita) and assistance, who was only twenty-six in 1873, and with the help of ex-Captain Doineau of the Arab Bureaux, his aide de camp lieutenant-colonel Henri-Léon Willette,

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Bazaine wrote to thank his fellow legionnaire, though he added, tongue in cheek, that he might have let his feelings run away with him. It was an academic concession for a man nearing sixty-three. Other have judged this move harshly in later years, with Victor Hugo writing “Mac-Mahon absolves

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The proofs alleged against him make it clear that he thought not of defeating or escaping from the enemy, but solely of becoming the arbiter of the fortunes of France. His defense is valueless against the evidence not only of witnesses, but of his own acts and writings. He, in short, convicts

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The armies of France, led by Bazaine, took up defensive positions that would protect against every possible attack, but which also left their armies unable to support one another. Taking up "strong positions" in small-scale battles, was a common military strategy of French generals of 1870.

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Procès Bazaine, affaire de la capitulation de Metz, seul compte rendu sténographique in extenso des séances du 1er conseil de guerre de la 1re division militaire ayant siégé à Versailles (Trianon), du 6 octobre au 10 décembre 1873 / sous la présidence de M. le Général de division Duc

1414:"I have graven on my chest two words – 'Honneur' et 'Patrie'. They have guided me for the whole of my military career. I have never failed that noble motto, no more at Metz than anywhere else during the forty-two years that I have loyally served France. I swear it here, before Christ" 513:

in 1837 and the battle of Barbastro in 1837, where he dragged out the body of general Conrad from the hands of the enemy, despite a bullet wound to the right leg. He was then attached to colonel Cariès de Senilhes, commissioner of the French government to the Army of Spain.

1473:. But, as though the judges themselves felt a twinge of conscience at the sentence, they immediately and unanimously signed a petition for 'Executive Clemency' to the President of the Third Republic, Marshal MacMahon, although Bazaine refused to sign this petition himself. 1443:

himself, and his habitual trickery and his ingrained habits of falsehood render it impossible to accept his own word on any subject. We not only consider the accusation fully proved against him, but we believe that his conduct was even worse than it appeared to be."

556:., following the combat of Sidi Kafir. Cited to the combat of Sidi Afis, on 24 March 1846, he passed to the 5th Line Infantry Regiment while still in charge of Arab relations, in 1847. He was cited at the combats of Afir for his contribution to the submission of 1641:

Harsh criticism featured in French newspapers upon Bazaine's death "Let his corpse be flung in to the first ditch. As for his memory, it is nailed forever to the pillory". German papers refer to Bazaine kindly and repeated that he was wronged by his own people.

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following the war. The court unanimously sentenced Bazaine to 'degradation and death', and to pay the costs of the enormous trial (300,000 francs), which was to leave Bazaine's family penniless. Bazaine's reaction on being read the sentence of the court was

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captured at Sedan. Over 2,000 men were lost in this operation. Typhus and smallpox was spreading and by 10 October, it is estimated that 19,000 of the French troops in Metz were hospitalised. A further attempt was made to break the siege on 18 October at

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On 18 April 1887, Hillairand, a French national and correspondent for the Paris newspaper Courrier de Rochelle, was paying a visit to Bazaine in Madrid. Bazaine's report of the incident was that "He thought, at first, that the man was an applicant for

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to front face the initiative in progress of raising a Republican Army. It was then therefore easy to assign the moral weight of the defeat to Bazaine. In August 1873, he arrived at Paris, where an investigation was opened on the initiative of General

1178:, the Emperor mounted a horse despite his pain, rode along the firing line for hours seeking death. It never found him. Napoleon III surrendered with 80,000 men. With Sedan the Second Empire collapsed, Napoleon III being taken as a prisoner of war. 880:

took so prominent a part in that fortunately unsuccessful effort to established an empire on our Southern border. The Marshal, however, was simply obeying the orders of his Government, and should not be held responsible for his action in Mexico.

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breech-loading gun which shaped the future of battlefield artillery, resulted on him concluding that the best approach for France is not an offensive one, stating "It is better to conduct operations systematically, i.e., defensively, as in the

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Consequently, his relations with Emperor Maximilian became tense. He was accused of dragging the expedition against the will of Napoleon III, a situation which provoked his repatriation. On 12 November 1867, he obtained the commandment of the

923: 3430: 1087:, was a "strong position" tactic advocate. The "strong positions" tactic has been blamed for the paralysis of the rest of the army, which left the corps at Spicheren unsupported, and ultimately lead to the French defeat at the ensuing 659:

at the mouth of the Dnieper may be cited as presenting one of the most brilliant examples of the achievement of military distinction in the modern day". At Sebastopol, on 25 June 1856 he was invested by the British Commander in Chief,

1423:"There was nothing shown in the trial at Versailles to prove to unprejudiced observers that Bazaine was a traitor, or that he had done all in his power to extricate his army from the perilous position in which it had been placed." 1411:

For some time the Duke and his colleagues had been looking for a way out of their difficulty, by which they could save themselves, satisfy public clamor and yet avoid responsibility before history. Bazaine stated in his defence

1702:, was buried like a prince in 1895. The Foreign Legion, which has never felt obliged to accept the French view on anything, still honours Bazaine. In its museum there exists almost no trace of MacMahon, nor of Canrobert or of 3716: 1267:

Bazaine's awareness of his army's shortcomings against the well-known speed and menacing efficiency of the Prussian military machine, was evidenced in his remark to a friend whilst boarding the train from Paris to Metz:

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Bazaine's daughter (Eugenie Bazaine), returned from Mexico back to Spain on 20 January 1900 an orphan, after the subsequent death of her mother who had been taken to hospital with a serious illness on 26 December 1899.

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His marriage to a rich Mexican lady (Pepita de la Peña y Azcarate), whose family were supporters of Juárez, still further complicated his relations with the unfortunate emperor, and when at the close of the

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and formally requested and was granted a trial before a military court, in order to give an opportunity to clear his name and put his version of events to the public. For months he was imprisoned at the

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in the Palace of Versailles with his wife and two youngest children, while preparations were made for the court-martial, which started the following year (6 October 1873) under the presidency of the

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to the frontier. His decisive action was instrumental in the taking of the city of Puebla in 1863. As a consequence, he was cited and designated at the head of the expeditionary corps by replacing

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to cut off the French line of retreat at Mars-la-Tour and Vionville. Bazaine's army had passed through on its way to Metz, and was attacked by this isolated corps of the enemy near the village of

1351:. The investigative board gave their advice which led to several accusations. Bazaine then requested that the case be presented to a war council. The royalists and the republicans held their 3986: 2081: 2044: 1140:

on 19 and 20 August. Despite some skirmishing on 17 August, the Prussians did not pursue the French in force, as attacking that day was not their intention. The French withdrew to the

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General Prince Friedrich Karl, commander of the Prussian Second Army, to order at 1900 on 15 August a grossly outnumbered group of 30,000 men of the advanced III Corps under General

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Directing the only true organized armed force of France at that moment, he seemed to consider it mainly as a political tool and contemplated the various intrigues, notably with the

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on 11 April 1848, he was assigned to the 19th Light Infantry Regiment then went back to the 5th Line Infantry Regiment on 30 August in quality as superior commander of the place of

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Bazaine escaped after two hundred and twenty-one days of imprisonment. During the night of 10 August 1874, using parcel rope supplied by Angelo Hayter, (son of the Court Painter

1216:, formed following Napoleon's capture and the resulting collapse of his government, and instead engaged in a series of diplomatic negotiations with the Prussian high command and 3182: 1645:

On 7 July 1911, the Mister of Justice received a petition from Bazaine's son Alfonse Bazaine asking for the rehabilitation of his father. In commenting on the application the

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Bazaine was the only prisoner to have escaped from the Fort Royal. A terrace of the fort, now housing a museum, is today named after Bazaine, due to his legendary escape.

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the United States sent a powerful war-trained army to the Mexican frontier. On the commend of Napoleon III, Bazaine withdraw the French forces to France, embarkation at

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Two days later, while the French actually retreated on Metz (taking seven hours to cover 5 to 6 miles) the masses of the Germans gathered in front of Bazaine's Army at

1752: 740:, which he captured on 24 June 1859, despite being wounded again (bullet to the upper thigh) and having his horse shot from under him again, earning another citation. 987:

to rejoin reserves in order to face the German troops. On the other hand, while he was presented with the occasion to destroy several enemy army corps following the

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Opinion is divided on his actions. Some argued that he aimed to depose Maximilian and get the throne of Mexico for himself, or that he aspired to play the part of a

3760: 1988: 3976: 3816: 2750: 2683: 2616: 1174:, moved to rescue Bazaine. Napoleon III followed close behind MacMahon's army in a carriage. When on 2 September 1870, MacMahon blundered into a German trap at 2639: 1320:"False patriots who mislead the nation, carrying it away to a resistance disastrous for the country, and only meant as a pedestal for themselves to mount on." 2435:. Vol. I. Translated by Clarke, F.C.H. (2nd Clowes & Sons, London ed.). Grosser Generalstab. Kriegsgeschichtliche Abteilung. 1881. p. 439. 2413:. Vol. I. Translated by Clarke, F.C.H. (2nd Clowes & Sons, London ed.). Grosser Generalstab. Kriegsgeschichtliche Abteilung. 1881. p. 436. 2391:. Vol. I. Translated by Clarke, F.C.H. (2nd Clowes & Sons, London ed.). Grosser Generalstab. Kriegsgeschichtliche Abteilung. 1881. p. 434. 3981: 3879: 3800: 3795: 3790: 1756: 910: 501:

at Foreign Title, he commanded a company of voltigeurs then was attached to the general staff headquarters of colonel Conrad. He was cited at the combats of

3187: 1204:, but again the French troops were repulsed, with the loss of 1,250 men. The city was on its knees, the troops and inhabitants on the point of starvation. 867:

His conduct in Mexico had been so unprincipled, so rascally in every respect, that it had been even a question at one time of trying him by court-martial.

628:, with a horse shot underneath him, the same day. On 16 August 1856, following the combat of Sidi Kafirhe, he was awarded a citation, and, by decree, his 3693: 3366: 1427:

Bazaine surrendered only after receiving letters recommending him to do so from his generals, but the presentation of these at the trial was ignored. "

3884: 1379:, who also was beaten at Sedan. This inspired Victor Hugo to remark: "Mac-Mahon absolves Bazaine. Sedan washes Metz. The idiot protects the traitor." 1293: 3785: 3740: 1070:

he was badly wounded by a shell on the left shoulder, a fact which was to be excluded from his service roll presented at his Court Martial in 1873.

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Bazaine took no part in the earlier battles, but after the defeats of Marshal MacMahon's French Forces at Wörth and Marshal Canrobert's at Forbach,

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of the Juárez party, but he was less successful in his relations with Maximilian, with whose court the French headquarters was in constant strife.

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In 1838, he joined the 4th Light Infantry with his French rank of Lieutenant. On 20 October 1839, he was re-promoted to captain in the Legion in

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After the departure of his family, Bazaine's health declined. His eyesight deteriorated, and he broke his leg whilst walking on a frosty day in

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commuted the punishment of death to twenty years' imprisonment and remitted the disgrace of the formalities of a military degradation ceremony.

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On 12 August 1870, during the war, Bazaine was nominated as the commander-in-chief of the Army of the Rhine, which was forced to deploy towards

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Baumont, Maurice (31 October 1979). "Bazaine: Les secrets d'un maréchal (1811-1888)" [Bazaine: The Secrets of a Marshal (1811-1888)].

2073: 2036: 1091:. When called upon, Bazaine moved part of his corps forward, but only to "take up strong positions," not to strike a blow on the battlefield. 3359: 2527: 600:), a post which he occupied until 1854. During this commandment time, he married Maria Juaria Gregorio Tormo de la Soledad, on 12 June 1852. 1978: 1710:, and the cross Conrad pinned on him after Macta. The Legion knows that courage is not a mask that a soldier can wear or discard at will". 1623: 1405: 1364: 3613: 3550: 3398: 3393: 1963: 1692: 1678: 1376: 783: 776: 765: 589: 456: 273: 200: 3874: 3826: 3435: 3425: 3259:

Procès du Maréchal Bazaine. Rapport. Audiences du premier conseil de guerre. Compte rendu rédigé avec l'adjonction de notes explicatives

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General (General de Division) on 22 September 1855 and selected from all the Allied Generals to assume the Governorship of Sebastopol.

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in February 1865, following which, the Emperor complimented him while decorating him with the Médaille militaire, on 28 April 1865.

760:, he was designated as the general inspector of the 4th and 5th infantry arrondissements. The souvenir of Spain made him suggest to 1706:. Bazaine however has his own corner, adorned with his battered kepi, the bits and pieces of the harness he used at Rezonville and 680: 428: 1681:, survived Bazaine by five years; Paris gave President Marshal MacMahon a funeral that choked the wide boulevards for hours. The 1165: 1000: 701: 929:

General Bazaine (front centre) attacking the Fort San-Xavier during the Siege of Puebla on 29 March 1863, by Jean-Adolphe Beauce

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and commanded two regiments of the Legion at the Army of the Orient. On 10 September 1855, he became the military commandant of

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who wanted to pursue the war and not betray his country (Rossel was the only officer to join since 19 March 1871 the

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Ma justification par Basaine : réponse aux brochures intitulées : L'homme de Metz, avec pièces à l'appui

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Ma justification par Basaine : réponse aux brochures intitulées : L'homme de Metz, avec pièces à l'appui

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For the accusations brought upon him, he was suspended of his rights to wear his French and Foreign decorations.

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lose a war despite their commander's brilliance in attack; Africa, i.e. that dramatic sorties were invaluable in

3408: 1083:("the school master"), lately the Prince Imperial's tutor, who was now in commander of the army corps posted at 844:. Bazaine's African experience as a soldier and as an administrator stood him in good stead in dealing with the 791: 617: 1432: 1348: 1080: 1067: 972: 968: 655: 561: 538: 498: 472: 441: 433: 388: 238: 234: 1494: 1288:, i.e. that a line of resolute men on the defensive could again and again break an enemy attack; Mexico, i.e. 650:

At 44, this made him the youngest General in the French Army. In October 1855, Bazaine was chosen to give the

545:, on 10 March 1844, he was assigned to the 58th Line Infantry Regiment in quality as the Arab Bureau Chief of 2763: 2728: 2285: 1945:

His actions during the French interdiction in Mexico are recorded in Norman Zollinger's novel "Chapultepec."

794:

in the Mexican expedition in 1862, where he pursued the war with great vigour and success, driving President

1853:

My justification by Basaine: response to the brochures entitled: L'homme de Metz, with supporting documents

1787: 1782: 1619: 1375:. His sentence was commuted then to 20 years in prison, without degradation ceremony, by the new president, 984: 906: 898: 706: 396: 2988:

My justification by Basaine: response to the brochures entitled: L'homme de Metz, with supporting documents

1566:, like so many Frenchmen at Madrid". After a short conversation, Hillairand stabbed Bazaine with a dagger ( 1476:

Bazaine petitioned the government to commute his punishment to a simple banishment. MacMahon, was a fellow

3608: 3460: 1129: 1110:

Bazaine and his staff officers including Colonel Willette and his nephews Capt Adolphe Bazaine-Hayter and

988: 853: 787: 411: 402:

Achille Bazaine conducted studies at the Institute of Bader (or Barbet), then the college of Saint-Louis.

131: 2832: 1736: 553: 3916: 3382: 3272:

L' Affaire Bazaine : Compte-rendu officiel et in extenso des débats, avec de nombreuses biographies

1622:. An official funeral was celebrated in the presence of the Minister of War, Spanish marshals including 1477: 1453: 1356: 1191: 860: 803: 360: 2778: 1742: 1008: 320: 3946: 3941: 3520: 3476: 2175: 1797: 1699: 1584: 1580: 1542: 1244: 1187: 1161: 1149: 996: 992: 826: 586: 348: 283: 196: 143: 3266: 2123: 1435:

wrote in Bazaine's favour only added to the wrath of the people, who cried aloud for his execution.

1419:

Opinion has been divided on the veracity of the trial. One New York Times commentary piece wrote:-

748: 395:, and director of the Institute of Communications Channels of the Russian Empire. His elder brother 3329: 1538: 1470: 1306: 1240: 1088: 964: 737: 718: 632: 609: 522: 483: 278: 243: 102: 82: 1212:

As commander of the only remaining organized army of France, Bazaine refused to recognise the new

995:, accordingly cutting himself off from France and his reserves. Two days later, on the eve of the 2610: 2557: 2533: 2515: 1968: 1659: 1285: 1236: 1201: 1034: 890: 886: 1395:

On return from German captivity in 1872, Bazaine published his account of the events of 1870 in

1170: 670:

Upon his return to France, he occupied the post of inspector of the infantry then commanded the

3708: 3317: 2863: 2592: 2523: 2458: 2436: 2414: 2392: 2308: 2217: 1822:

Bazaine published a number of books about the Franco-Prussian war, and his version of events.

1762: 1695: 1671: 818: 664: 636: 593: 384: 372: 331: 258: 174: 74: 3025:

Summary report on the operations of the Army of the Rhine, from August 13 to October 29, 1870

1867:

Summary report on the operations of the Army of the Rhine, from August 13 to October 29, 1870

3196: 1973: 1466: 1096: 1042: 830: 814: 795: 608:

On 28 October 1854, he was admitted to the 1st section of officer generals with the rank of

490: 364: 310: 288: 2903: 1459:

It is my life you want, take it at once, let me be shot immediately, but preserve my family

2569: 2011: 1826: 1605: 1550: 1217: 1175: 1023: 696: 675: 573: 557: 468: 423: 1429:

I have read every word of the evidence and believe it to be the most malicious casuistry

440:) on 8 July 1831. He was subsequently passed to Corporal Fourrier on 13 January 1832 and 359:(13 February 1811 – 23 September 1888) was an officer of the French army. 17: 3346:

L'évasion du Maréchal Bazaine de L'ile Sainte-Marguerite par son compagnon de captivité

2889: 2849: 2818: 2745: 2678: 2343: 2271: 2237: 2203: 2161: 872: 518: 460: 415: 191: 2605:[Mac-Mahon absolves Bazaine. Sedan washes Metz. The fool protects the traitor] 1355:

in order to lay all the responsibilities of a defeat on a Bonapartist and justify the

363:, during four decades of distinguished service (including 35 years on campaign) under 3935: 3178: 3173: 2003: 1499: 1401: 1360: 1289: 1016: 902: 732:. He was wounded by a shell splinter in the head on 8 June, during the action at the 635:

rank was upgraded to the rank of Commander. for the apprehension of the position of

502: 119: 114: 78: 1506:

and climbed down the 300 foot cliffs to a boat, which his wife had brought out from

1939: 1748: 1546: 1297: 1059: 1012: 841: 761: 542: 368: 3055: 3018: 2981: 1342:

The defection of Bazaine liberated the army of besieging Germans, who hastened to

667:, for his conspicuous contribution to the Allied campaign during the Crimean War. 3125: 1608:, where he cooked for himself, retaining his cigars as his one remaining luxury. 1461:". Since the Revolution, only two French Marshals have been condemned to death — 1136:

crush their armies. After resupplying, Bazaine would begin anew the march to the

3092: 1924: 1729: 1612: 1235:

The scheme collapsed. In 1870, he surrendered the last organized French army to

1229: 1141: 807: 621: 506: 314: 263: 156: 3028: 2507:

Reviewed work: BAZAINE, LES SECRETS d'UN MARECHAL (1811-1888), MAURICE BAUMONT

1993: 1707: 1462: 1343: 1145: 660: 613: 392: 2636:

Memory Paths (www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr) - French Minestry of Armed Forces

2519: 2440: 2418: 2396: 1004:

combat on the plateau and Bazaine didn't even appear on the field of battle.

3191:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 559–561. 1522:

with his young family where he stayed for a time with his Hayter relations.

1232:, his actions were clearly designed to forge a way to restore the monarchy. 1196: 1084: 829:

by Imperial decree on 5 September 1864. He commanded in person the siege of

817:. Bazaine, who had started as a Legionnaire, was elevated to the dignity of 733: 714: 464: 3020:

Rapport du maréchal Bazaine : Bataille de Rezonville. Le 16 août 1870

1862:

Rapport du maréchal Bazaine : Bataille de Rezonville. Le 16 août 1870

1604:) with his eldest son, Alfonse Bazaine. He downgraded his lodgings to the 1583:) and two sons. His youngest son predeceased him in Cuba. His eldest son ( 1579:

Peña y Barragán on 28 May 1865. Bazaine had three children, one daughter (

549:. By decree on 9 November 1845, he was promoted to the rank of Officer in 3703: 2991: 1667: 1503: 1388:

enemy were subjected to a trial by court-martial under the presidency of

1225: 729: 445: 437: 3351: 2537: 2505: 1814:

He was cited 10 times for serving France and 4 times for serving Spain.

967:

in 1870, Bazaine took field command of the French front line forces of

822: 685: 597: 565: 546: 534: 530: 526: 344: 187: 3348:. Textes Inedits par André Castelot. Librairie Academique Perrin 1973. 1683: 1329: 790:

in 1863. He commanded with great distinction the First Division under

48:

François Achille Bazaine on campaign in Mexico by Jean-Adolphe Beauce.

3431:

French Foreign Legion Veteran Societies Federation (Légion étrangère)

3135: 2603:

Mac-Mahon absout Bazaine. Sedan lave Metz. L'idiot protège le traître

1948:

Along with Napoleon III, Bazaine plays a small, but crucial role, in

1942:'s novella "The Fall" refers to family and connections as 'Bazaines' 1733: 1618:

Bazaine's remains were interred on 24 September 1888 in the Madrid's

1597: 1549:. Queen Isabella had arranged lodgings for him and his family in the 1534: 1519: 1507: 1284:

From Bazinae's military analysis of various lessons of the war, e.g.

811: 769: 724:

Actually, during that year in 1859, he commanded the Division in the

640: 629: 550: 510: 480: 476: 307: 98: 2076:[Recontitution des Matricules - Bazaine, François Achille]. 1725:

The decorations and distinctions which he had formerly earned were:

43: 2485: 2483: 3172:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

3098: 1601: 1515: 1511: 1328: 1301: 1248: 1137: 1105: 1046: 1038: 954: 757: 747: 1778:

Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion and the Sun of Persia

452:: non-commissioned officer responsible for stewardship) in July. 3065: 3057:

Capitulation de Metz : Rapport officiel du maréchal Bazaine

1877:

Capitulation de Metz : Rapport officiel du maréchal Bazaine

1563: 1063: 3355: 3307:

Bazaine coupable ou victime? A la lumière de documents nouveaux

2783:

Ecole Superieure de Guerre (www.ecole-superieure-de-guerre.fr)

1300:

but risky against European armies; and the Prussian all-steel

1066:. The day after assuming command of the Army, on 14 August at 3901:

Disciplinary Company of the Foreign Regiments in the Far East

1485:

Bazaine. Sedan washes Metz. The fool protects the traitor."

1371:(and the Minister of War) a request for mercy in regards to 1251:

and to relieve Paris. Upon Bazaine's surrender, the army of

3094:

L'Armée du Rhin, depuis le 12 août jusqu'au 29 octobre 1870

1896:

The Army of the Rhine from 12 August 12 to 29 October 1870

1438:

Another, contrary New York Times commentary piece wrote:-

1033:

The news of this surrender afflicted France, while general

467:

on 2 November 1833. On 22 July 1835, he was wounded in the

391:, a polytechnic (promotion X1803), meritorious engineer of 2074:"Recontitution des Matricules - Bazaine, François Achille" 1892:

L'armée du Rhin depuis le 12 août jusqu'au 29 octobre 1870

2632:"The Royal Fort Royal of the island of Sainte-Marguerite" 1658:

Between 1904 and 1912, the French Court of Appeal lawyer

1272:." ("We are walking into a disaster.") In Bazaine's book 3062:

Capitulation of Metz: Official Report of Marshal Bazaine

2773: 2771: 1882:

Capitulation of Metz: Official Report of Marshal Bazaine

1788:

Knight Grand Cross of the Order of our Lady of Guadalupe

568:. On 4 June 1850, he was designated as a colonel in the 2514:]. Paris: Revue des Deux Mondes. pp. 250–252. 2364: 2362: 1909:

Episodes from the War of 1870 and the Blockade of Metz

1357:

proclamation of the French Republic of 4 September 1870

836:

Here as in 1870, two of Bazaine's nephews, Adolphe and

471:

of fires to the wrist, and was promoted to the rank of

3659:

Parachute Company of the 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment

3254:. – Paris : Librairie du Moniteur Universel, 1873 3132:

Episodes from the War of 1870 and the Blockade of Metz

654:. With a mixed French and British Force, he sailed to 592:, and the next month, he commanded the subdivision of 2591:] (in French). Paris. p. 321 (total=1–529). 1773:

Grand Ciordon of the Order of Léopold of the Belgians

1037:

couldn't even seem to loosen the German noose around

585:

On 4 February 1851, he was placed at the head of the

582:) and Director of the Arba Affairs division of Oran. 3962:

French military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War

3314:

Bazaine : les secrets d'un maréchal (1811–1888)

1316:, he laid the blame on the course of the war upon:- 945:

welcomes General Bazaine as he is entering the city.

775:

Bazaine was later designated to be part of France's

624:, he was wounded and cited during the attack of the 326:

Grand Cordon of the Order of Léopold of the Belgians

3909: 3893: 3865: 3844: 3825: 3809: 3702: 3651: 3635: 3626: 3596: 3575: 3559: 3511: 3495: 3469: 3453: 3444: 2457:, p. 321, Paris, Gallimard, 1972, total pages 529, 2037:"Bazaine, François Achille - Certificate No 150/12" 1629:The officiating priest was a relative of his wife. 905:, and the following year, he commanded the camp of 786:on 1 July 1862, his action was decisive during the 721:, on 24 June, during the conquest of the cemetery. 525:Battalion. He took in a part to the expeditions in 340: 300: 251: 182: 170: 162: 150: 108: 88: 61: 53: 34: 3857:97th Reconnaissance Group of the Infantry Division 3127:Episodes de la guerre de 1870 et le blocus de Metz 1905:Episodes de la guerre de 1870 et le blocus de Metz 1831:Episodes de la guerre de 1870 et le blocus de Metz 1587:) outlived him, becoming a noted Spanish officer. 1537:, where he was treated with marked respect by the 1314:Episodes de la guerre de 1870 et le blocus de Metz 1274:Episodes de la guerre de 1870 et le blocus de Metz 1101:Episodes de la guerre de 1870 et le blocus de Metz 1054:Takes over as Commander in Chief from Napoleon III 497:to combat the Carlists. Named immediately Spanish 371:, he held every rank in the army from fusilier to 3751:2nd Marching Regiment of the 2nd Foreign Regiment 3746:1st Marching Regiment of the 2nd Foreign Regiment 3737:4th Marching Regiment of the 1st Foreign Regiment 3732:3rd Marching Regiment of the 1st Foreign Regiment 3727:2nd Marching Regiment of the 1st Foreign Regiment 1431:" (New York Times correspondent). A letter which 736:. He recovered to play a conspicuous part in the 410:While not passing the academic entry test of the 3987:Recipients of the Order of Isabella the Catholic 2499: 2497: 2495: 1768:Knight Grand Cross of the Italian Order of Savoy 3316:. – Paris : Imprimerie Nationale, 1978. – 3295:. – Paris : Editions Jacques Vautrin, 1947 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 1989:Ribbons of the French military and civil awards 1984:List of Legion of Honour recipients by name (B) 3817:Saharan Companies of the French Foreign Legion 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2031: 2029: 2027: 1662:published several works in Bazaine's defence. 1649:, the organ of the Spanish War Office, said:- 1493:Bazaine was incarcerated in the Fort Royal on 893:(1867). His wife followed him back to France. 772:. This idea would become that of the Emperor. 3367: 3309:. – Paris : J. Peyronnet & Cie, 1960 2583:Hugo, Victor (1972). Gallimard, folio (ed.). 2307:. London: Rupert Hart-Davis. pp. 87–88. 2295: 2293: 2080:(in French). France. 2 July 1863. p. 2. 2078:France's National Archives - Léonore Database 2043:(in French). France. 2 July 1863. p. 1. 2041:France's National Archives - Léonore Database 1793:Knight of the Order of St. Ferdinand of Spain 1783:Grand Cross of the Order of the Mexican Eagle 1714:The Legion annually pays tribute to Bazaine. 8: 3972:Honorary companions of the Order of the Bath 3957:French military personnel of the Crimean War 3880:Passage Company of the Foreign Legion (CPLE) 3801:23rd Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers 3796:22nd Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers 3791:21st Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers 3302:. – Lausanne : La Guilde du Livre, 1946 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2706: 2704: 2668: 2666: 1452:Sentenced to death by the government of the 802:. Amongst the citations he received for the 3337:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography 2337:Bazaine, François-Achille (18 March 1883). 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 1798:Knight of the Order of Charles III of Spain 782:Commandant of the 1st Infantry Division of 3694:1st Foreign Parachute Heavy Mortar Company 3632: 3450: 3374: 3360: 3352: 2615:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2261: 2259: 2227: 2225: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 1835: 1803:Knight of the Order of Isabel the Catholic 1533:By midsummer 1875, Bazaine had settled in 414:in 1830, he enlisted as a simple soldier ( 42: 31: 1931:(1997), the third novel in that author's 1923:There is a brief reference to Bazaine in 3786:Marching Regiments of Foreign Volunteers 2368: 2207:(in French). 27 December 1899. p. 4 3756:Marching Regiment of the Foreign Legion 3722:Marching Regiment of the Foreign Legion 3643:Communal Depot of the Foreign Regiments 3288:. – Paris : Librairie Floury, 1939 2023: 919: 863:. In a New York Times opinion piece:- 856:offered him the palace of Buena Vista. 852:high places" by the media at the time. 2608: 2565: 2555: 1148:over the course of the day. There the 911:Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély 587:1st Regiment of the 1st Foreign Legion 3977:Officers of the French Foreign Legion 3142:from the original on 11 December 2022 3105:from the original on 11 December 2022 3072:from the original on 11 December 2022 3035:from the original on 11 December 2022 2998:from the original on 11 December 2022 2753:from the original on 15 December 2022 2686:from the original on 15 December 2022 2642:from the original on 13 December 2022 1186:The Prussian army of 200,000 men now 713:, he was close to the combat line of 620:on the next 22 September. During the 383:François Achille Bazaine was born at 7: 3614:Combat Training Center at Arta Beach 3551:Foreign Legion Detachment in Mayotte 2544:from the original on 5 December 2022 2433:The Franco-German War 1870–71 Part 1 2411:The Franco-German War 1870–71 Part 1 2389:The Franco-German War 1870–71 Part 1 2122:. Time. 26 July 1943. Archived from 2084:from the original on 5 December 2022 2047:from the original on 5 December 2022 1964:Origins of the French Foreign Legion 643:, which he concluded in three days. 3982:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour 3875:Armored Train of the Foreign Legion 3576:Engineers & parachute engineers 3293:La vie tragique du maréchal Bazaine 1408:in the Grand Trianon's Peristyle. 406:French Foreign Legion & Algeria 3885:5th Heavy Weight Transport Company 3761:Demi-Brigade of the Foreign Legion 3124:Bazaine, François-Achille (1883). 3091:Bazaine, François-Achille (1872). 3068:: Lapierre-Brille. pp. 1–32. 3054:Bazaine, François-Achille (1871). 3017:Bazaine, François-Achille (1871). 2980:Bazaine, François-Achille (1870). 1545:, in deference to his role in the 792:General (afterwards Marshal) Forey 242:Commander-in-Chief French Forces, 25: 3331:"Bazaine, François Achille" 2660:New York Times: 30 September 1888 1951:April and the Extraordinary World 1518:, and from there Bazaine came to 752:Francois Achille Bazaine in 1860. 489:With the Legion, he was ceded by 463:, on 4 November, he attained the 3503:French Foreign Legion Music Band 3165: 3027:] (in French) (2 ed.). 2489:New York Times: 12 December 1873 1996: 1253:Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia 934: 922: 521:. In 1840, he passed to the 8th 459:in August. He was designated as 287: 197:1st Regiment, 1st Foreign Legion 136: 124: 113: 3679:3rd Foreign Parachute Battalion 3674:2nd Foreign Parachute Battalion 3669:1st Foreign Parachute Battalion 3487:Foreign Legion Recruiting Group 3305:Edmond Ruby und Jean Regnault: 3031:: Auguste Decq. pp. 1–30. 840:served with their uncle as his 3781:12th Foreign Infantry Regiment 3776:11th Foreign Infantry Regiment 3689:3rd Foreign Parachute Regiment 3664:1st Foreign Parachute Regiment 3536:2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment 3261:. – Paris : Garnier, 1874 3213:Le Maréchal et l'armée du Rhin 3101:: Henri Plon. pp. 1–305. 2994:: É. Whittman. pp. 1–15. 2822:. 25 September 1888. p. 1 2275:. 24 September 1888. p. 4 2241:. 21 November 1886. p. 11 1214:Government of National Defence 1152:would be fought on 18 August. 1: 3836:6th Foreign Engineer Regiment 3771:6th Foreign Infantry Regiment 3766:5th Foreign Infantry Regiment 3588:2nd Foreign Engineer Regiment 3583:1st Foreign Engineer Regiment 3541:3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment 3531:2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment 3300:Le procès du maréchal Bazaine 3281:. – Paris : Nantal, 1938 3274:. – Paris : Fayard, 1874 3247:Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale 2512:The New Journal of Two Worlds 2165:. 14 October 1888. p. 17 2102:Illustrated London News: 1855 1001:François Certain de Canrobert 784:expeditionary corps to Mexico 274:French Intervention in Mexico 3852:2nd Foreign Cavalry Regiment 3567:1st Foreign Cavalry Regiment 2853:. 21 January 1900. p. 3 2845:"Miss Bazaine leaves Mexico" 2749:. 19 April 1887. p. 1. 2682:. 19 April 1887. p. 1. 2199:"Mme. Bazaine III in Mexico" 1825:In the spartan rooms of the 3636:Administrative and training 3218:Count A de la Guerronière, 2874:La Paris: 25 September 1888 2814:"Marshal Bazaine's Funeral" 1809:Old Military Order of Savoy 1390:Marshal Baraguey d'Hilliers 1270:Nous marchons à un désastre 728:against Austrian forces in 711:Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers 4003: 3684:Foreign Air Supply Company 3454:General Staff Headquarters 3227:Les Derniers fours de Metz 3206:Bazaine et l'armée du Rhin 3138:: Gaspar. pp. 1–328. 3097:(in French) (2 ed.). 2929:Bazaine fut-il un traître? 2779:"François Achille Bazaine" 2157:"Bazaine's Life in Madrid" 1927:'s science fiction novel, 1596:losses. Bazaine stayed in 1126:Constantin von Alvensleben 717:, on 8 June 1859, and the 418:) on 28 March 1831 at the 27:French marshal (1811–1884) 3866:Transport (armored trains 3389: 3183:Bazaine, Achille François 2885:"To Rehabilitate Bazaine" 2741:"Marshal Bazaine Stabbed" 2718:. 15 May 1887. p. 11 2674:"Marshal Bazaine Stabbed" 1208:Diplomacy, then surrender 1188:besieged the city of Metz 726:Franco-Sardinian campaign 560:in December. Promoted to 529:where he was cited, from 412:French Polytechnic School 399:was a renowned engineer. 41: 2955:Bazaine devant ses juges 1747:Commemorative Medals of 1433:Prince Frederick Charles 1349:Ernest Courtot de Cissey 1257:Second Battle of Orléans 1112:Lt George Bazaine-Hayter 429:37 division d'infanterie 397:Pierre-Dominique Bazaine 389:Pierre-Dominique Bazaine 357:François Achille Bazaine 36:François Achille Bazaine 18:Francois Achille Bazaine 3188:Encyclopædia Britannica 2305:The Franco–Prussian War 1979:Legion of Honour Museum 1676:3rd President of France 963:At the outbreak of the 959:Battle of Saint-Privat. 702:3 Division d'Infanterie 432:), and was promoted to 223:French Forces in Mexico 3952:People from Versailles 3894:Disciplinary companies 3609:Jungle Training Center 3470:Command Administrative 3461:Foreign Legion Command 3201:La Grande Encyclopédie 1919:Appearances in Fiction 1712: 1655: 1647:Correspodencia Militar 1445: 1425: 1334: 1322: 1282: 1115: 997:Battle of Saint-Privat 989:Battle of Mars-la-Tour 960: 882: 869: 854:Maximilian I of Mexico 768:to the new emperor in 753: 700: 679: 672:19th Infantry Division 577: 570:55th Infantry Division 427: 420:37th Infantry Division 375:, the latter in 1863. 239:Army of the Rhine 1870 219:Army Inspector General 215:Governor of Sevastopol 205:Foreign Legion Brigade 178:(Dignity of the State) 132:French Second Republic 3383:French Foreign Legion 3298:Jean Cahen-Salvador: 2712:"Bazaine Talked With" 2589:Things seen 1870-1885 2585:Choses vues 1870-1885 2455:Choses vues 1870–1885 1664: 1651: 1557:Assassination attempt 1495:Île Sainte-Marguerite 1469:, and Bazaine, by an 1440: 1421: 1332: 1318: 1278: 1276:, he later stated:- 1109: 958: 877: 865: 838:Albert Bazaine-Hayter 804:battle of San Lorenzo 766:French Foreign Legion 751: 693:3rd Infantry Division 681:19 Division Militaire 457:French Foreign Legion 361:Rising from the ranks 163:Years of service 3810:Saharan Legion units 3604:4th Foreign Regiment 3526:4th Foreign Regiment 3521:1st Foreign Regiment 3482:4th Foreign Regiment 3477:1st Foreign Regiment 2957:(Paris, Stock, 1912) 2944:(Paris, Stock, 1905) 2931:(Paris, Picard 1904) 2120:"Bazaine and Retain" 1807:Silver Medal of the 1700:Second French Empire 1255:was deployed to the 1156:Gravelotte and Sedan 1150:Battle of Gravelotte 1041:which was besieged. 827:Second French Empire 777:expedition to Mexico 349:Second French Empire 284:Siege of Metz (1870) 144:Second French Empire 3868:& heavy weight) 3291:Robert Christophe: 3277:Robert Christophe: 3134:] (in French). 3064:] (in French). 2990:] (in French). 2968:The Damned Die Hard 2475:The Damned Die Hard 1369:President of France 1312:Later, in his book 1307:Seventeenth Century 1263:Military Commentary 1241:Franco-Prussian War 1089:Battle of Spicheren 965:Franco-Prussian War 951:Franco-Prussian War 913:at the head of the 800:Élie Frédéric Forey 734:Battle of Melegnano 719:Battle of Solferino 618:général de division 279:Franco-Prussian War 269:Franco-Austrian War 244:Franco-Prussian War 227:Commander-in-Chief 3967:Marshals of France 3709:marching regiments 3514:parachute infantry 3344:Colonel Willette, 3264:F. de La Brugère ( 3241:La légende de Metz 3239:Comte d'Hérisson, 2916:La Légende de Metz 2914:Comte d'Hérisson, 2126:on 12 October 2008 2012:War Cross (France) 1969:Jean-Luc Carbuccia 1935:series of novels. 1743:Médaille Militaire 1620:San Justo Cemetery 1373:M. Marshal Bazaine 1365:The Duke of Aumale 1335: 1116: 1035:Louis-Jules Trochu 961: 941:The population of 887:American Civil War 875:opinion piece:- 754: 639:at the closing of 562:Lieutenant-colonel 455:He arrived to the 321:Médaille Militaire 3929: 3928: 3925: 3924: 3717:Mounted companies 3622: 3621: 3546:13th Demi-Brigade 3312:Maurice Baumont: 3257:Amédée Le Faure: 3234:L'Affaire Bazaine 2942:Le cas de Bazaine 2529:978-2-11-080717-5 2267:"Marshal Bazaine" 2233:"Marshal Bizaine" 1929:In Death's Ground 1916: 1915: 1763:Order of the Bath 1761:Companion of the 1510:. They sailed to 1500:Sir George Hayter 1383:Trial for Treason 1166:Marshal Mac-Mahon 985:Châlons-sur-Marne 973:Army of the Rhine 819:Marshal of France 806:was the title of 691:Commander of the 665:Order of the Bath 373:Marshal of France 354: 353: 332:Order of the Bath 330:Companion of the 259:First Carlist War 175:Marshal of France 92:23 September 1888 16:(Redirected from 3994: 3741:Garibaldi Legion 3633: 3451: 3376: 3369: 3362: 3353: 3341: 3333: 3284:Robert Burnand: 3279:Bazaine innocent 3197:Camille Pelletan 3192: 3171: 3169: 3168: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3051: 3045: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3014: 3008: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2977: 2971: 2964: 2958: 2951: 2945: 2938: 2932: 2925: 2919: 2912: 2906: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2881: 2875: 2872: 2866: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2841: 2835: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2810: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2775: 2766: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2737: 2731: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2708: 2699: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2670: 2661: 2658: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2628: 2622: 2620: 2614: 2606: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2567: 2563: 2561: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2501: 2490: 2487: 2478: 2471: 2465: 2451: 2445: 2444: 2429: 2423: 2422: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2385: 2372: 2366: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2339:"Bazaine's Book" 2334: 2319: 2318: 2297: 2288: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2263: 2254: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2229: 2220: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2195: 2178: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2153: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2116: 2103: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2070: 2057: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2033: 2006: 2001: 2000: 1999: 1974:Legion of Honour 1836: 1737:Legion of Honour 1377:Marshal MacMahon 1144:plateau east of 938: 926: 815:Legion of Honour 633:Legion of Honour 610:Maréchal de camp 604:Crimea and Italy 554:Legion of Honour 523:Chasseurs à Pied 491:Louis Philippe I 484:Legion of Honour 311:Legion of Honour 291: 152: 142: 140: 139: 130: 128: 127: 118: 117: 95: 72:13 February 1811 71: 69: 46: 32: 21: 4002: 4001: 3997: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3992: 3991: 3932: 3931: 3930: 3921: 3905: 3889: 3867: 3861: 3840: 3829:& engineers 3821: 3805: 3707: 3698: 3647: 3628: 3618: 3592: 3571: 3555: 3513: 3507: 3491: 3465: 3446: 3440: 3385: 3380: 3328: 3220:L'Homme de Metz 3181:, ed. (1911). " 3177: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3156: 3155: 3145: 3143: 3123: 3122: 3118: 3108: 3106: 3090: 3089: 3085: 3075: 3073: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3038: 3036: 3016: 3015: 3011: 3001: 2999: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2965: 2961: 2952: 2948: 2939: 2935: 2926: 2922: 2913: 2909: 2896: 2894: 2883: 2882: 2878: 2873: 2869: 2856: 2854: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2825: 2823: 2812: 2811: 2798: 2788: 2786: 2777: 2776: 2769: 2756: 2754: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2721: 2719: 2710: 2709: 2702: 2689: 2687: 2672: 2671: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2645: 2643: 2630: 2629: 2625: 2607: 2599: 2582: 2581: 2577: 2564: 2554: 2547: 2545: 2530: 2503: 2502: 2493: 2488: 2481: 2472: 2468: 2452: 2448: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2409: 2408: 2404: 2387: 2386: 2375: 2367: 2360: 2350: 2348: 2336: 2335: 2322: 2315: 2299: 2298: 2291: 2278: 2276: 2265: 2264: 2257: 2244: 2242: 2231: 2230: 2223: 2210: 2208: 2197: 2196: 2181: 2168: 2166: 2155: 2154: 2139: 2129: 2127: 2118: 2117: 2106: 2101: 2097: 2087: 2085: 2072: 2071: 2060: 2050: 2048: 2035: 2034: 2025: 2020: 2002: 1997: 1995: 1960: 1921: 1827:Calle Hortaleza 1820: 1720: 1704:de Saint-Arnaud 1639: 1593: 1585:Alfonse Bazaine 1581:Eugenie Bazaine 1576: 1559: 1551:Calle Hortaleza 1531: 1491: 1450: 1397:L'Armée du Rhin 1385: 1340: 1333:Marshal Bazaine 1327: 1265: 1222:Prince Imperial 1218:Empress Eugenie 1210: 1184: 1171:Army of Châlons 1158: 1121: 1076: 1056: 1028:Journal du Nord 981: 953: 946: 939: 930: 927: 788:siege of Puebla 746: 606: 495:Queen Christine 475:and received a 469:battle of Macta 408: 381: 341:Other work 336: 296: 246: 241: 233: 231: 226: 224: 222: 220: 218: 216: 214: 212: 206: 204: 199: 195: 177: 146: 137: 135: 134: 125: 123: 122: 112: 97: 93: 73: 67: 65: 49: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4000: 3998: 3990: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3934: 3933: 3927: 3926: 3923: 3922: 3920: 3919: 3913: 3911: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3903: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3871: 3869: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3859: 3854: 3848: 3846: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3838: 3832: 3830: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3819: 3813: 3811: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3713: 3711: 3700: 3699: 3697: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3655: 3653: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3645: 3639: 3637: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3600: 3598: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3590: 3585: 3579: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3569: 3563: 3561: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3517: 3515: 3512:Infantry & 3509: 3508: 3506: 3505: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3463: 3457: 3455: 3448: 3442: 3441: 3439: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3422: 3421: 3419:Museum society 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3390: 3387: 3386: 3381: 3379: 3378: 3371: 3364: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3342: 3326: 3325: 3324: 3310: 3303: 3296: 3289: 3282: 3275: 3267:Arthème Fayard 3262: 3255: 3244: 3237: 3230: 3223: 3216: 3209: 3203: 3179:Chisholm, Hugh 3160: 3157: 3154: 3153: 3116: 3083: 3046: 3009: 2972: 2966:Hugh McLeave; 2959: 2946: 2933: 2920: 2907: 2893:. 16 July 1911 2890:New York Times 2876: 2867: 2850:New York Times 2836: 2819:New York Times 2796: 2767: 2746:New York Times 2732: 2716:New York Times 2700: 2679:New York Times 2662: 2653: 2623: 2597: 2575: 2566:|journal= 2528: 2491: 2479: 2473:Hugh McLeave: 2466: 2446: 2424: 2402: 2373: 2358: 2344:New York Times 2320: 2313: 2289: 2272:New York Times 2255: 2238:New York Times 2221: 2204:New York Times 2179: 2162:New York Times 2137: 2104: 2095: 2058: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2014: 2008: 2007: 1992: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1959: 1956: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1901: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1888: 1887: 1884: 1879: 1873: 1872: 1869: 1864: 1858: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1819: 1816: 1812: 1811: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1759: 1745: 1740: 1719: 1716: 1693:Foreign Legion 1691:, last of the 1638: 1635: 1624:Marshal Campos 1592: 1589: 1575: 1572: 1558: 1555: 1541:government of 1530: 1527: 1490: 1487: 1478:Foreign Legion 1454:Third Republic 1449: 1446: 1384: 1381: 1353:bouc émissaire 1339: 1336: 1326: 1323: 1264: 1261: 1209: 1206: 1183: 1180: 1157: 1154: 1120: 1117: 1099:. In his book 1075: 1072: 1055: 1052: 980: 977: 969:III Army Corps 952: 949: 948: 947: 940: 933: 931: 928: 921: 915:Imperial Guard 909:then replaced 899:3rd Army Corps 873:New York Times 871:In a contrary 745: 742: 707:1st Army Corps 605: 602: 594:Sidi Bel Abbès 537:. Promoted to 407: 404: 380: 377: 365:Louis-Philippe 352: 351: 342: 338: 337: 335: 334: 328: 323: 318: 304: 302: 298: 297: 295: 294: 293: 292: 276: 271: 266: 261: 255: 253: 249: 248: 235:III Army Corps 229:Imperial Guard 184: 180: 179: 172: 168: 167: 164: 160: 159: 154: 148: 147: 110: 106: 105: 96:(aged 77) 90: 86: 85: 63: 59: 58: 55: 51: 50: 47: 39: 38: 35: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3999: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3918: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3908: 3902: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3843: 3837: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3824: 3818: 3815: 3814: 3812: 3808: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3705: 3701: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3656: 3654: 3650: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3625: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3601: 3599: 3595: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3580: 3578: 3574: 3568: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3474: 3472: 3468: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3456: 3452: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3391: 3388: 3384: 3377: 3372: 3370: 3365: 3363: 3358: 3357: 3354: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3338: 3332: 3327: 3323: 3322:2-11-080717-2 3319: 3315: 3311: 3308: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3294: 3290: 3287: 3283: 3280: 3276: 3273: 3269: 3268: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3253: 3248: 3245: 3243:(Paris, 1888) 3242: 3238: 3236:(Paris, 1874) 3235: 3231: 3228: 3224: 3221: 3217: 3214: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3184: 3180: 3175: 3174:public domain 3163: 3162: 3158: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3128: 3120: 3117: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3095: 3087: 3084: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3058: 3050: 3047: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3021: 3013: 3010: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2984: 2976: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2960: 2956: 2950: 2947: 2943: 2937: 2934: 2930: 2924: 2921: 2918:(Paris, 1888) 2917: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2892: 2891: 2886: 2880: 2877: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2852: 2851: 2846: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2821: 2820: 2815: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2797: 2784: 2780: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2752: 2748: 2747: 2742: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2717: 2713: 2707: 2705: 2701: 2698: 2685: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2657: 2654: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2627: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2604: 2600: 2598:2-07-036141-1 2594: 2590: 2586: 2579: 2576: 2571: 2559: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2508: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2486: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2463:2-07-036141-1 2460: 2456: 2453:Victor Hugo, 2450: 2447: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2428: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2406: 2403: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2369:Chisholm 1911 2365: 2363: 2359: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2321: 2316: 2314:0-24663-587-8 2310: 2306: 2302: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2287: 2274: 2273: 2268: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2253: 2240: 2239: 2234: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2219: 2206: 2205: 2200: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2180: 2177: 2164: 2163: 2158: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2125: 2121: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2099: 2096: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2017: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2005: 2004:France portal 1994: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1961: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1952: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1918: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1844: 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1262: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1245:siege of Metz 1242: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1220:who with the 1219: 1215: 1207: 1205: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1189: 1182:Siege of Metz 1181: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1172: 1167: 1163: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1044: 1043:Léon Gambetta 1040: 1036: 1031: 1029: 1025: 1024:Fall of Sedan 1020: 1018: 1017:Paris Commune 1014: 1010: 1005: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 978: 976: 974: 970: 966: 957: 950: 944: 937: 932: 925: 920: 918: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 894: 892: 888: 881: 876: 874: 868: 864: 862: 857: 855: 849: 847: 843: 839: 834: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 796:Benito Juárez 793: 789: 785: 780: 778: 773: 771: 767: 763: 759: 750: 743: 741: 739: 735: 731: 727: 722: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 703: 698: 694: 689: 687: 683: 682: 677: 673: 668: 666: 662: 657: 653: 652:coup de grâce 648: 644: 642: 638: 634: 631: 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