341:
1515:
600:
1160:
434:
1319:
695:
40:
235:
761:
1250:
442:
1411:
1503:
1396:. All of these ceded territories were on the fringes of the Siamese sphere of influence and had never been securely under Siamese control, but being compelled to abandon all claim to them was a substantial humiliation to both king and country. In the early 20th century these crises were adopted by the increasingly nationalist government as symbols of the need for the country to assert itself against the West and its neighbours.
1184:
4001:
3265:
1307:
1152:
824:
3226:
4025:
70:
948:
2355:
4013:
59:
886:
1289:, but the British minister advised the King to settle on whatever terms he could get from the French, indirectly indicating the British unwillingness to support the Siamese against the French. Britain's only actual gesture was an agreement with France guaranteeing the integrity of the rest of Siam. In exchange, Siam gave up its claim to the Tai-speaking
146:
909:
was executed. Six French officers were captured in
Lopburi and mobbed, one of them dying as a result. Many members of Narai's family were assassinated (the king's brothers, his successors by right, were killed on 9 July), and King Narai died in detention on 10 July. Phra Phetracha was crowned king on
645:
to Louis XIV during their visit to him on 1 September), together with a special "machine" that was used to carry King Narai's missive to the French monarch caused much comment in French high society. Kosa Pan's great interest in French maps and images was commented upon in a contemporary issue of the
309:
in
Thailand. Narai welcomed these missionaries, providing them with land for a church, a mission-house and a seminary (St. Joseph's colony). Bishops Lambert and Ballue established a Western hospital in Thailand in 1669 at Ayutthaya, with Father Laneau as the head doctor. The hospital provided medical
385:
In a series of missions back and forth each side honoured its kings and celebrated its artistic achievements, and learned to appreciate the other's. The delegations sought to foster more commerce and elevate their prestige and on the global stage. Artists in Paris produced scores of prints depicting
989:
of France, took refuge with the French troops in
Bangkok, but Desfarges returned her to the Siamese under pressure from Phetracha on 18 October; she was condemned to perpetual slavery in the kitchens of Phetracha. Desfarges finally negotiated to return with his men to Pondicherry on 13 November, on
681:
in 1684, replacing his compatriot
Barnaby. From there he traded under the flag of the Ayutthaya Kingdom and engaged in piracy, sometimes attacking ships under English jurisdiction. The English responded by dispatching warships to the harbour of Mergui, and the Siamese forces massacred most of the
784:
rather than the southern
Songkla, and to take these locations if necessary by force. King Narai agreed to the proposal, and fortresses were established in the two cities, commanded by French governors. Desfarges commanded the fortress at Bangkok, with 200 French officers and men, and a Siamese
1297:
to France. (Although it is to note that the Lao king asked for French protection in place of
Siamese rule. Although Siam lost a third of its territory, the strategy of acting as a buffer zone between the two colonial superpowers preserved its independence. In response to the 1893 defeat
1043:
in an attempt to restore some sort of French control in Siam. The occupation of the island led nowhere, and
Desfarges returned to Pondicherry in January 1690. Recalled to France, he left 108 troops in Pondicherry to bolster defenses, and left with his remaining troops on the
369:
and left with a full cargo of tin. The Dutch, the
English, and from the 1680s the French, competed with each other for trade with the island of Phuket (the island was named Junk Ceylon at that time), which was valued as a rich source of tin. In 1681 or 1682, Siamese King
623:. It brought a proposal for an eternal alliance between France and Siam and stayed in France from June 1686 to March 1687. Kosa Pan was accompanied by two other Siamese ambassadors, Ok-luang Kanlaya Ratchamaitri and Ok-khun Si Wisan Wacha, and by the Jesuit Father
1171:
New missionaries arrived to Siam in 1826 and 1830 (among them
Fathers Bouchot, Barbe, Bruguière, Vachal, Grandjean, Pallegoix and Courvezy). In 1834, Mgr Courzevy became Vicar Apostolic of Siam, heralding a new beginning for missionary work. He was succeeded by
1127:
After peace was achieved in 1690, Bishop Laneau was able to resume his missionary work, which he continued until his death in 1696. He was succeeded by Bishop Louis of Cice (1700–27). The rest of the century consisted in persecutions by the
Siamese or by the
1462:
After the war, in October 1946, northwestern Cambodia and the two Lao enclaves on the Thai side of the Mekong River were returned to French sovereignty after the French provisional government threatened to veto Thailand's membership in the United Nations.
847:
and translated Narai's letter to him. In February 1689, the embassy was granted an audience with Louis XIV, and the treaty of commerce which Céberet had obtained in 1687 was ratified. Two weeks later a military treaty was signed, designating
1203:. A treaty was signed on 15 August 1856, to facilitate trade, guarantee religious freedom, and grant French warships access to Bangkok. In June 1861, French warships brought a Thai embassy to France, led by Phya Sripipat (Pae Bunnag).
1458:
To commemorate the victory, Thailand erected the Victory Monument. Thailand invited Japan and Germany to join the celebration. Japan sent Shōjirō Iida, and the German Foreign Ministry sent Robert Eyssen, to join the celebration.
1142:
After the Burmese invasions, in 1769 Father Corre resumed missionary work in Siam, followed by Mgr Lebon (1772–80). Lebon had to leave in 1775 after persecutions, but his successors Bishops Condé and Garnault returned to Siam.
3801:
1446:
between October 1940 and 9 May 1941. Thai military forces did well on the ground and in the air to defeat the French and regain its territory, but Thai objectives in the war were limited. In January, however,
1234:
signed a treaty of protection with France, which transferred the country from Siamese and Vietnamese overlordship to French colonial rule. A new treaty was signed between France and Siam on 15 July 1867.
710:
again included. The embassy consisted of a French expeditionary force of 1,361 soldiers, missionaries, envoys and crews aboard five warships, and had the additional duty of returning the embassy of
402:. In 1664, the Dutch had used force to exact a treaty granting them extraterritorial rights as well as freer access to trade. In 1680, a first Siamese ambassador to France was sent in the person of
1455:
without much losses on both sides. The war ended in May with the help of the Japanese, allied with Nazi Germany, who coerced the French to relinquish their hold on the disputed border territories.
1298:
Chulalongkorn went abroad to study other models. He visited Paris in 1897 and 1907. As a result, he intensified his modernization program, thereby building a unitary and absolutist modern state.
515:
and to conclude significant commercial treaties. A provisional agreement was signed to facilitate trade between France and the Royal Warehouse Department. France also received a tin monopoly in
553:
The French engineer Lamarre also remained in Siam at the king's request in order to build fortifications. He began by building a fortress in Bangkok, and designed fortifications for Ligor (
1333:
The French continued to pressure Siam, and in 1906–1907 they manufactured another crisis. This time Siam had to concede French control of territory on the west bank of the Mekong opposite
874:. In April 1688, Phaulkon requested military help from the French in order to neutralize the plot. Desfarges responded by leading 80 troops and 10 officers out of Bangkok to the Palace in
796:, which allowed him to deal directly with Phaulkon. Hopes for the conversion of King Narai to Catholicism, which had largely motivated the embassy sent by Louis XIV, did not materialize.
417:
A second embassy was sent to France in 1684 (passing through England), led by Khun Pijaiwanit and Khun Pijitmaitri, requesting the dispatch of a French embassy to Thailand. They met with
208:
and parts of China, because Siam was highly tolerant of other religions and was indeed the only country in Southeast Asia where the Catholic Fathers could establish themselves safely.
3214:
2421:
905:
against him. This spurred Phetracha to execute the long-planned coup immediately, initiating the 1688 Siamese revolution. On 17–18 May 1688, King Narai was arrested, and on 5 June
538:, was induced to remain in the service of the Siamese king, and accepted, though with much reluctance, the posts of grand admiral, general of all the king's armies and governor of
2343:
386:
the Siamese diplomats and the lavish receptions at Versailles and Ayutthaya. Thousands of art objects – especially mirrors, porcelain, textiles, and metalwork – were exchanged.
474:
917:
Large-scale attacks were launched on the two French fortresses in Siam, and on 24 June, the French under du Bruant had to abandon their garrison at Mergui. du Bruant and the
1124:
The revolution in Thailand interrupted relations between France and Thailand until the 19th century, although French Jesuits were allowed to continue preaching in Thailand.
3163:
792:
The diplomatic mission achieved little apart from the reaffirmation of the 1685 commercial treaty. The Jesuit Father Tachard had obtained secret instructions from
1442:, and the negotiations never took place. Thailand then took advantage of French weaknesses to reclaim its lost territories in French Indo-China, resulting in the
882:
and finally abandoned his plan and retreated to Bangkok for fear of being attacked by Siamese rebels and deterred by false rumors that the king had already died.
3791:
2406:
1438:, the French government agreed to border negotiations with Thailand which were expected to make minor changes in Thailand's favour. However, France soon fell to
3978:
150:
870:
The landing of French troops in Bangkok and Mergui led to strong nationalistic movements in Siam directed by the Mandarin and Commander of the Elephant Corps,
3806:
849:
3207:
1286:
793:
703:
398:
further sought to expand relations with the French, to counter Portuguese and Dutch influence in his kingdom, and at the suggestion of his Greek counselor
2416:
785:
contingent provided by King Narai. du Bruant was in command of Mergui with 90 French soldiers. In 1688, Jean Rival was named governor of Bangkhli (modern
3575:
2832:
1514:
3666:
3192:
2336:
2612:
4055:
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Some of the French troops remained in Pondicherry to bolster the French presence there, but most left for France on 16 February 1689, on board the
379:
3542:
3538:
355:
sent a ship to Thailand, bearing a trading mission led by André Deslandes-Boureau, son-in-law of the Governor General of the French settlement in
4045:
2622:
3687:
2321:
313:
During a 1670 trip to France, Pallu obtained from Louis XIV a letter to King Narai, which, together with a letter from the Pope, he remitted in
118:, which failed when the country revolted against foreign intrusions in 1688. France would only return more than a century and a half later as a
39:
4050:
3200:
3125:
1954:
3501:
3049:
2720:
1376:
The British interceded to prevent more French expansion against Siam, but their price, in 1909 was the acceptance of British sovereignty over
1218:
in 1858, causing significant damage, and holding the city for a few months. de Gnouilly sailed south and captured the poorly defended city of
615:, was sent to France to ratify the treaties. The embassy accompanied the returning embassy of Chevalier de Chaumont and traveled on the boats
3786:
3746:
3172:
3168:
2245:
1195:
Some overtures were made by Thailand to establish trade relations with France in 1840 and 1851. In 1856 Napoleon III sent an embassy, led by
970:, for four months. The Siamese troops apparently received Dutch support in their fight against the French. On 9 September the French warship
3299:
3766:
3176:
2329:
3415:
3254:
3013:
2888:
677:, officially declaring war in August 1687. The reason was that the Englishman Samuel White had risen to prominence to become governor of
1222:
in 1859. From 1859 to 1867, French troops expanded their control over all six provinces on the Mekong delta and formed a French Colony,
630:
Kosa Pan's embassy was met with a rapturous reception and caused a sensation in the courts and society of Europe. The mission landed at
3522:
3481:
3425:
3405:
2943:
2617:
219:, Vicar-Apostolic of Cochinchina, and member of the Missions Etrangères de Paris, accompanied by Fathers De Bourges and Deydier, left
3320:
3070:
2827:
2792:
2516:
2316:
2294:
2280:
2266:
2215:
2191:
1939:
789:). Another 35 soldiers with 3 or 4 French officers were assigned to ships of the King of Siam, with the mission of fighting piracy.
3517:
3420:
3400:
3355:
3344:
3044:
3003:
2958:
2802:
2782:
2767:
2653:
2587:
2446:
1112:, but the meeting remained purely formal and led to nothing. He apparently kept insisting on the establishment of a French fort in
340:
1847:
753:
The mission included 14 Jesuit scientists sent to Siam by Louis XIV, under the guidance of Father Tachard. The Jesuits (including
3922:
3776:
2018:
594:
359:
200:
to evangelize Asia, and Siam became the first country to receive these efforts, to be followed by new missions 40 years later in
3486:
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1994:
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1472:
259:
3466:
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3029:
2797:
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2688:
2637:
2547:
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2008:
3958:
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1892:
1798:
197:
154:
3491:
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3120:
3039:
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2521:
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1920:
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3230:
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3130:
2055:
1346:
1266:
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422:
140:
3991:
3608:
3496:
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3410:
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3340:
3249:
3244:
3054:
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2978:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2903:
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2893:
2878:
2868:
2863:
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2853:
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2757:
2747:
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2658:
2632:
2531:
2511:
2506:
2486:
2456:
2391:
3912:
3641:
1676:
1393:
1211:
723:
374:, who was seeking to reduce Dutch and English influence, named Governor of Phuket the French medical missionary Brother
3390:
3375:
3360:
3294:
3110:
2998:
2988:
2983:
2968:
2963:
2953:
2938:
2908:
2883:
2822:
2812:
2727:
2673:
2597:
2562:
2557:
2501:
2396:
1502:
3837:
3656:
3646:
2359:
1968:
3932:
3692:
3618:
2993:
2933:
2807:
2787:
2762:
2732:
2700:
2683:
2592:
2567:
2496:
2461:
2451:
2441:
2431:
1866:
1825:
1277:, to provoke a crisis. French gunboats appeared at Bangkok, and demanded the cession of Lao territories east of the
599:
3968:
3756:
3736:
3702:
1531:
1415:
1244:
1025:
865:
493:
255:
212:
90:
3598:
3115:
3034:
2742:
2715:
2710:
2602:
2577:
2526:
2471:
2411:
1536:
1159:
3892:
3867:
3751:
3561:
727:
352:
325:
3862:
3857:
3847:
95:
1016:, with the engineer Vollant des Verquains and the Jesuit Le Blanc on board. The two ships were captured by the
3902:
2201:
2081:
1646:
161:
The first instance of France-Thailand contacts is also the first historical record of an attempt to introduce
1910:
1876:
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3842:
3816:
3761:
3741:
1173:
1077:
918:
683:
547:
298:
123:
1318:
546:, and after two years he left Siam, reaching France in 1688. He was replaced as Governor of Bangkok by the
520:
3872:
3729:
3603:
1541:
982:
800:
765:
719:
694:
166:
106:
cover a period from the 16th century until modern times. Relations started in earnest during the reign of
1039:
On 10 April 1689, Desfarges, who had remained in Pondicherry, led an expedition to capture the island of
925:. du Bruant and his troops were stranded on a deserted island for four months before being captured by a
477:. At the same time, he returned to Siam the two ambassadors of the 1684 First Siamese Embassy to France.
1934:, by Michael Smithies, Claude Céberet, Guy Tachard, Simon de La Loubère (2002) Silkworm Books, Thailand
582:
505:
433:
345:
2167:
2111:
1569:
1475:
is active in Thailand to promote bilateral trade between France and Thailand, among other objectives.
1210:, putting it on a collision course with Siam. Under the orders of Napoleon III, French gunships under
3917:
3821:
3771:
3712:
1812:
Meredith Martin, "Mirror Reflections: Louis XIV, Phra Narai, and the Material Culture of Kingship."
1366:
906:
839:
returned to France with the title of "Ambassador Extraordinary for the King of Siam", accompanied by
754:
635:
543:
399:
297:, also a member of the Paris Foreign Missions Society, was named head of a Roman Catholic mission in
2162:
Aldrich, Robert. "France and the King of Siam: An Asian King’s Visits to the Republican Capital’."
470:
403:
3907:
3811:
2106:
Robert Aldrich, "France and the King of Siam: An Asian King’s Visits to the Republican Capital’."
1452:
1362:
1196:
1188:
1033:
978:, but was unable to dock at the Bangkok fortress as the Siamese had blocked entrance to the river.
418:
375:
189:
107:
234:
3636:
1551:
1322:
1132:
invaders. The king kept his favour for Bishops Texier de Kerlay and de Lolière-Puycontat (1755).
1113:
815:, India by another Frenchman, M. Vincent, who was sailing on the return ship with de la Loubère.
674:
554:
501:
193:
301:, with his headquarters at Ayutthaya. They propagated the Christian faith and also took care of
803:, Simon de la Loubère also brought from his travels to Siam a simple method for creating n-odd
542:. His position, however, was soon made untenable by the jealousy and intrigues of the minister
3796:
2312:
2290:
2276:
2262:
2241:
2211:
2187:
1935:
1888:
1690:
1546:
1021:
975:
902:
879:
853:
715:
668:
566:
462:
314:
302:
251:
243:
228:
3973:
3707:
3671:
3584:
2172:
Briggs, Lawrence Palmer. "Aubaret and the Treaty of July 15, 1867 between France and Siam."
1370:
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1338:
1262:
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1081:
951:
942:
844:
828:
760:
531:
485:
446:
173:, Bonferre, hearing of the great kingdom of the Bagoans and the Thai in the east, went on a
1249:
441:
4029:
4005:
3927:
3781:
3724:
3717:
3098:
2085:
1443:
1427:
1410:
1405:
1274:
1040:
840:
516:
366:
275:
239:
1689:
Somrat Charuluxananana, Vilai Chentanez, Asian Biomedicine Vol. 1 No. 1 June 2007, p. 98
1357:. Trat became part of Thailand again on 23 March 1907 in exchange for areas east of the
1341:
in southern Laos, as well as western Cambodia. France also occupied the western part of
1183:
3942:
2299:
2196:
Du Corail, Amable Sablon, and Michael Smithies. "The French Army and Siam, 1893–1914."
2122:
Michael S. H. Heng, "King Chulalongkorn as Builder of Incipient Siamese Nation-State."
1831:
871:
808:
648:
497:
489:
306:
188:
The first major contacts between the two countries occurred after Thailand was made an
4000:
1139:
participated in the Burmese invasions of Siam, as an elite corps of the Burmese army.
1092:, where they dropped the embassy. The embassy finally returned to Ayutthaya overland.
966:
Phetracha besieged the French fortress in Bangkok with 40,000 men, and over a hundred
4039:
4017:
3937:
1334:
1326:
1282:
1064:
sank on 27 February 1691, with most of the remaining French troops, off the coast of
804:
631:
262:
after 24 months overland travel and started missionary work. In 1665–66 they built a
17:
1306:
1151:
823:
757:) were given the title of "Royal Mathematicians" and were sponsored by the Academy.
258:, also of the Paris Foreign Missions Society, joined Lambert in the capital city of
3661:
2372:
1448:
1439:
1435:
1223:
1177:
974:, carrying 200 troops and commanded by de l'Estrilles, arrived at the mouth of the
914:, the 1686 ambassador to France, became the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
678:
329:
320:
These contacts were closely associated with the development of French influence in
290:
224:
162:
115:
111:
508:. Le Comte remain in Siam with King Narai, but the others reached China in 1687.
1887:
Rajanubhab, D., 2001, Our Wars With the Burmese, Bangkok: White Lotus Co. Ltd.,
1419:
1269:. In 1893 the French authorities in Indochina used border disputes, such as the
1101:
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707:
656:
624:
562:
512:
466:
356:
201:
182:
119:
947:
843:, and visited the Vatican in January 1688. He and his Siamese embassy met with
1389:
1342:
1290:
1057:
1036:. They were able to return to France through a general exchange of prisoners.
926:
811:" or the "de la Loubère method", which apparently was initially discovered in
454:
321:
170:
1621:
1426:'s busiest intersections, built in 1941 to commemorate Thai victories in the
2052:
Power and Plenty: Trade, War, and the World Economy in the Second Millennium
1270:
1109:
898:
786:
411:
220:
954:. The French fortress (A) besieged by Siamese troops and batteries (C), in
523:
Sieur de Billy named governor of the island, and received the territory of
2184:
The Cape of Adventure: Strange and Notable Discoveries, Perils, Shipwrecks
1844:
Eastern Magnificence and European Ingenuity: Clocks of Late Imperial China
1076:
The 1688 Siamese embassy was returned to Siam by the six-warship fleet of
885:
3225:
1381:
1231:
1105:
1085:
1065:
986:
959:
911:
711:
612:
604:
558:
283:
263:
174:
122:, engaging in a struggle for territory and influence against Thailand in
74:
2227:
Landon, Kenneth Perry. "Thailand's quarrel with France in perspective."
2135:
1965:
Searching the Heavens and the Earth: The History of Jesuit Observatories
1116:, with the effect that negotiations were broken off without any result.
2232:
2177:
1647:"Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Thailand : : France"
1485:
1451:
naval forces achieved a tactical victory over Thai naval forces in the
1423:
1261:
Territorial conflict in the Indochinese peninsula for the expansion of
1227:
1215:
1207:
1200:
1029:
955:
930:
875:
781:
776:
Desfarges had instructions to negotiate the establishment of troops in
641:
The "exotic" clothes as well as manners of the envoys (including their
570:
539:
524:
294:
145:
827:
Tachard, with Siamese envoys, translating the letter of King Narai to
2354:
1385:
1358:
1278:
1219:
1089:
967:
777:
702:
A second French embassy was sent to Siam in March 1687, organized by
642:
578:
574:
481:
437:
Chevalier de Chaumont presents a letter from Louis XIV to King Narai.
365:
In September 1680, a ship from the French East India Company visited
279:
216:
205:
63:
1206:
In the meantime, France was establishing a foothold in neighbouring
185:), where for three years he preached the gospel without any result.
114:
the Kingdom of Thailand (then known as Siam) and establish a French
110:
with numerous reciprocal embassies and a major attempt by France to
3553:
2079:
1650:
1028:
had started. After a month in the Cape, the prisoners were sent to
686:
was nominated Governor of Mergui by the king of Ayutthaya in 1687.
3802:
Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
1492:
1409:
1377:
1317:
1305:
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1158:
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1104:
again went to Siam, and managed to enter the country. He met with
946:
890:
884:
822:
812:
759:
730:. The embassy arrived in Bangkok in October 1687, on the warships
693:
598:
440:
432:
395:
371:
339:
267:
233:
144:
1084:) in 1690, but because of unfavourable winds the fleet halted at
958:, 1688. The village of Bangkok (lower left corner, M) is today's
534:, who had accompanied Chaumont with the rank of major aboard the
504:(1656–1737)) whose mission was to continue to China to reach the
421:
in Versailles. In response, Louis XIV sent an embassy led by the
410:, but the ship was wrecked off the coast of Africa after leaving
1932:
Mission Made Impossible: The Second French Embassy to Siam, 1687
1350:
1311:
1294:
1254:
673:
Meanwhile, the Ayutthaya Kingdom entered into conflict with the
511:
Chevalier de Chaumont tried without success to convert Narai to
458:
196:
on 22 August 1662. The mission was assigned to the newly formed
3557:
3196:
3147:
3096:
2370:
2325:
1951:
Narrative of a Residence at the Capital of the Kingdom of Siam
1108:, now Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and the new King
682:
English residents there. In place of Samuel White, the French
178:
2146:
George Paloczi-Horvath, "Thailand's war with Vichy France."
317:
in October 1673 and which was received with great reverence.
929:
warship. They ultimately returned to Pondicherry by way of
2238:
Missions étrangères de Paris. 350 ans au service du Christ
901:
as regent. He then learnt that Phetracha was preparing a
2287:
Three Military Accounts of the 1688 "Revolution" in Siam
1863:
English intercourse with Siam in the seventeenth century
1135:
Between 1760 and 1765, a French group of gunners led by
638:, constantly surrounded by crowds of curious onlookers.
382:. Charbonneau held the position of Governor until 1685.
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
985:, who had been promised protection by being ennobled a
698:
French soldiers in Siam (17th century Siamese painting)
3989:
2208:
First Globalization: The Eurasian Exchange, 1500–1800
1687:
History and evolution of western medicine in Thailand
921:
escaped under fire by seizing a Siamese warship, the
1349:, in order to get back Chantaburi, Siam had to cede
3951:
3881:
3830:
3680:
3627:
3591:
3531:
3510:
3449:
3308:
3272:
3237:
3063:
3022:
2846:
2646:
2540:
2384:
89:
84:
46:
1056:on 21 February 1690. Desfarges died on board near
897:On 10 May the dying King Narai named his daughter
2250:Murrell, Peter. "Louis XIV and the King of Siam"
1293:of north-eastern Burma to the British, and ceded
157:, initiated contacts between France and Thailand.
3264:
2240:(2008) Editeurs Malesherbes Publications, Paris
1981:, Phillip E. Johnson, Howard Whitley Eves, p. 22
238:Foundation of the Seminary of Saint Joseph (now
453:The Chevalier de Chaumont was the first French
324:, and especially with the establishment of the
2050:Findlay, Ronald and O'Rourke, Kevin H. (2007)
1967:, Agustín Udías Vallina, Agustin Udias, p. 54
1155:Siamese embassy to Napoleon III (27 June 1861)
480:Chevalier de Chaumont also brought a group of
390:First Thai embassies to France (1680 and 1684)
344:1686 French map of Siam, showing the route of
3569:
3208:
2337:
1675:by Stewart J. Brown, Timothy Tackett, p. 464
1347:Franco-Siamese Convention of 13 February 1904
981:Phaulkon's Catholic Japanese-Portuguese wife
8:
3807:French Permanent Military Tribunal in Saigon
2289:, Itineria Asiatica, Orchid Press, Bangkok,
2005:The Zen of Magic Squares, Circles, and Stars
1596:
1594:
856:and inspector of the French troops in Siam.
32:
3688:French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh (1777–1820)
2137:Franco-British Rivalry over Siam, 1896–1904
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
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1759:
1757:
1755:
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1749:
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1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1176:(1840–62), who was instrumental in getting
3576:
3562:
3554:
3215:
3201:
3193:
3144:
3093:
2381:
2367:
2344:
2330:
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1858:
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1854:
1715:
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1701:
1699:
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1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1253:Siamese army in the disputed territory of
3667:Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
603:1686 Siamese embassy to Louis XIV led by
328:in 1664, and the development of colonial
3792:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
1180:to renew the French alliance with Siam.
530:When Chaumont returned to France, Count
475:Société des Missions Étrangères de Paris
362:, which was well received by the Thais.
250:In 1664, a group of missionaries led by
126:that would last until the 20th century.
3996:
1991:CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics
1902:
1900:
1801:New Terrains in Southeast Asian History
1562:
1498:
461:. He was accompanied on his mission by
429:Embassy of Chevalier de Chaumont (1685)
266:in Ayutthaya with the approval of King
2259:Southeast Asia in the Early Modern Era
1907:A history of South-east Asia: 2nd. Ed.
1285:(reigned 1868 – 1910) appealed to the
1032:where they were kept at the prison of
714:to Siam. The military wing was led by
378:, a member of the Siam mission of the
270:, the Seminary of Saint Joseph (later
31:
3787:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
2273:A Siamese embassy lost in Africa 1686
1673:The Cambridge History of Christianity
7:
3979:Governor-General of French Indochina
2032:Dhiravat na Pombejra in Reid, p. 267
1909:, DGE Hall (1964), pp. 250, 349–350
852:, as captain of the palace guard in
589:Second Thai embassy to France (1686)
310:care to about 200–300 people daily.
850:François d'Alesso, Marquis d'Eragny
819:Third Thai embassy to France (1688)
655:The main street of Brest was named
227:18 months later. He arrived in the
2220:Hall, Daniel George Edward (1964)
2021:A new historical relation, Tome II
1846:, Catherine Pagani (2001), p. 182
25:
2261:(1993) Cornell University Press,
1953:, Frederick Arthur Neale, p. 214
1163:Siamese elephant pavillon at the
690:Embassy of Loubère-Céberet (1687)
223:on 26 November 1660, and reached
4023:
4011:
3999:
3742:Holy Man's Rebellion (1901-1936)
3263:
3224:
2353:
2088:Thai Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1663:Thai Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1513:
1501:
718:, and the diplomatic mission by
595:Siamese embassy to France (1686)
68:
57:
38:
4056:Bilateral relations of Thailand
3539:Diplomatic missions of Thailand
2198:The Journal of the Siam Society
2164:French History and Civilization
2108:French History and Civilization
1865:, John Anderson (2000), p. 365
1473:Franco-Thai Chamber of Commerce
889:Siamese attack on du Bruant in
878:, but he stopped on the way in
380:Société des Missions Etrangères
3959:Paris Foreign Missions Society
3713:Cochinchina campaign (1858–62)
2007:, Clifford A. Pickover, p. 38
1422:on a traffic island at one of
1072:Duquesne-Guiton mission (1690)
611:A second Thai embassy, led by
307:Japanese Christian communities
198:Paris Foreign Missions Society
155:Paris Foreign Missions Society
135:First French Catholic missions
1:
4051:Bilateral relations of France
3698:Bombardment of Tourane (1847)
3231:Foreign relations of Thailand
3169:Diplomatic missions of France
3159:French entry into World War I
2311:University Press of Kentucky
1993:, Eric W. Weisstein, p. 1839
1520:Embassy of Thailand in Paris
1267:Franco-Siamese crisis of 1893
449:clad as Siamese grand admiral
141:Roman Catholicism in Thailand
3913:Charles Rigault de Genouilly
3737:Franco-Siamese crisis (1893)
3693:Lê Văn Khôi revolt (1833–35)
2422:Democratic Republic of Congo
2303:Asia in the Making of Europe
2222:A History of South-east Asia
1979:Mathematical Circles Squared
1828:Asia in the Making of Europe
1508:Embassy of France in Bangkok
1479:Resident diplomatic missions
1394:Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909
1239:Franco-Siamese crisis (1893)
1212:Charles Rigault de Genouilly
3838:Treaty of Versailles (1787)
3782:French–Thai War (1940–1941)
3725:Sino-French War (1884–1885)
3718:Tonkin campaign (1883–1886)
3164:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2583:Dominica, (Commonwealth of)
2360:Foreign relations of France
2275:, Silkworm Books, Bangkok,
1491:Thailand has an embassy in
1400:French-Thai War (1940–1941)
1226:. In 1863, France and King
994:and two Siamese ships, the
336:First trade contacts (1680)
272:Seminary of the Holy Angels
130:16th–17th century relations
4072:
3969:Tonkin Expeditionary Corps
3703:French conquest of Vietnam
2307:Tucker, Spencer C. (1999)
2285:Smithies, Michael (2002),
2271:Smithies, Michael (1999),
2254:(May 2014) 64#5, pp 31–38.
1532:Embassy of France, Bangkok
1403:
1245:1893 Franco-Siamese crisis
1242:
1026:War of the Augsburg League
940:
866:Siamese revolution of 1688
863:
666:
659:in honour of the embassy.
592:
351:In 1680, the newly formed
213:Pierre Lambert de la Motte
138:
96:Embassy of Thailand, Paris
91:Embassy of France, Bangkok
4046:France–Thailand relations
3893:Pierre Pigneau de Behaine
3868:Treaty of Tientsin (1885)
3752:1916 Cochinchina uprising
3614:France–Thailand relations
3261:
3154:
3143:
3106:
3092:
2380:
2366:
2210:Rowman & Littlefield
2206:Gunn, Geoffrey C. (2003)
1572:The Catholic encyclopedia
1484:France has an embassy in
1002:, provided by Phetracha.
728:French East India Company
724:Claude Céberet du Boullay
634:and traveled overland to
519:, with Chaumont's former
353:French East India Company
326:French East India Company
120:modernised colonial power
104:France–Thailand relations
80:
67:
56:
37:
3933:Ernest Doudart de Lagrée
3873:Geneva Conference (1954)
3609:France–Vietnam relations
2407:Central African Republic
2257:Reid, Anthony (Editor),
2229:Journal of Asian Studies
2174:Journal of Asian Studies
2084:28 December 2002 at the
1789:Smithies 2002, pp. 7–185
3964:Tirailleurs indochinois
3898:Jean-Baptiste Chaigneau
3853:Treaty of Saigon (1874)
3843:Treaty of Saigon (1862)
3817:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
3708:Siege of Tourane (1858)
3126:Commonwealth of Nations
2186:, Kessinger Publishing
2070:, Harvey G. E., p. 231]
1601:Les Missions Etrangeres
1314:by French troops (1904)
1078:Abraham Duquesne-Guiton
1024:, however, because the
1012:and the French Company
919:Chevalier de Beauregard
684:Chevalier de Beauregard
663:Siam–England war (1687)
548:Chevalier de Beauregard
494:Jean-François Gerbillon
299:mainland Southeast Asia
274:, at the origin of the
124:mainland Southeast Asia
3730:Pacification of Tonkin
3619:France–China relations
3604:French colonial empire
2182:Colvin, Ian D. (2005)
1542:France-Burma relations
1467:21st century relations
1431:
1330:
1315:
1302:20th century relations
1258:
1192:
1168:
1165:Exposition Universelle
1156:
1147:19th century relations
1120:18th century relations
1088:, at the mouth of the
1048:and the Company ships
983:Maria Guyomar de Pinha
963:
894:
835:Meanwhile, the Jesuit
832:
801:history of mathematics
799:As a side-note to the
773:
699:
608:
607:(by Nicolas Larmessin)
457:for King Louis XIV in
450:
438:
348:
247:
169:, about 1550 a French
167:Giovanni Pietro Maffei
165:to Siam: according to
158:
3903:Jean-Baptiste Cécille
3599:France–Asia relations
2417:Republic of the Congo
2176:6.2 (1947): 122–138.
1816:38.4 (2015): 652–667.
1623:Catholic Encyclopedia
1537:France–Asia relations
1418:, in the district of
1413:
1321:
1309:
1275:Paknam naval incident
1252:
1214:attacked the port of
1191:over Eastern Thailand
1187:Map depicting French
1186:
1162:
1154:
1096:Father Tachard (1699)
950:
888:
826:
763:
697:
602:
506:Jesuit China missions
444:
436:
423:Chevalier de Chaumont
346:Chevalier de Chaumont
343:
237:
148:
33:French–Thai relations
18:Franco-Thai relations
3863:Treaty of Huế (1884)
3858:Treaty of Huế (1883)
3848:Treaty of Huế (1863)
3822:Partition of Vietnam
3762:Vue Pa Chay's revolt
3757:Thái Nguyên uprising
2833:United Arab Emirates
2200:99 (2011): 243–268.
2150:(1995) 45#3 pp 32–39
1325:, taken in 1893, at
726:, a director of the
544:Constantine Phaulkon
414:and he disappeared.
400:Constantine Phaulkon
256:Bishop of Heliopolis
246:(17th century print)
3908:Charles de Montigny
3812:First Indochina War
3767:Bazin assassination
2613:Trinidad and Tobago
2231:1.1 (1941): 25–42.
2166:6 (2015): 225–239.
2126:36.1 (2019): 67–91.
2110:6 (2015): 225–239.
2041:Smithies 1999, p. 9
1922:Søren Mentz, p. 226
1803:, Abu Talib, p. 294
1453:Battle of Koh Chang
1197:Charles de Montigny
1189:sphere of influence
766:Simon de la Loubère
720:Simon de la Loubère
303:Annamite Christians
190:apostolic vicariate
108:Louis XIV of France
34:
29:Bilateral relations
2224:St. Martin's Press
1653:on 15 October 2002
1432:
1331:
1316:
1259:
1193:
1169:
1157:
964:
895:
833:
774:
771:Du Royaume de Siam
700:
675:East India Company
609:
555:Nakhon Sithammarat
502:Claude de Visdelou
451:
439:
349:
248:
194:Pope Alexander VII
159:
85:Diplomatic mission
3987:
3986:
3797:August Revolution
3551:
3550:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3139:
3138:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3083:
2246:978-2-916828-10-7
1547:Sip Song Chau Tai
1022:Cape of Good Hope
976:Chao Phraya River
755:Pierre d'Espagnac
716:General Desfarges
669:Anglo-Siamese War
244:Ayutthaya Kingdom
229:Ayutthaya Kingdom
101:
100:
16:(Redirected from
4063:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4004:
4003:
3995:
3974:Tonkinese Rifles
3672:State of Vietnam
3585:French Indochina
3578:
3571:
3564:
3555:
3267:
3266:
3229:
3228:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3194:
3145:
3094:
3050:Papua New Guinea
2721:Kurdistan Region
2626:
2382:
2368:
2358:
2357:
2346:
2339:
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2323:
2151:
2144:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2120:
2114:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2077:
2071:
2068:History of Burma
2063:
2057:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2016:
2010:
2002:
1996:
1988:
1982:
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1956:
1948:
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1810:
1804:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1692:
1684:
1678:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1649:. Archived from
1643:
1624:
1619:
1604:
1598:
1589:
1586:
1575:
1567:
1517:
1505:
1416:Victory Monument
1361:river including
1355:French Indochina
1263:French Indochina
1174:Bishop Pallegoix
1137:Chevalier Milard
1100:In 1699, Father
1082:Abraham Duquesne
952:Siege of Bangkok
943:Siege of Bangkok
937:Siege of Bangkok
845:Pope Innocent XI
829:Pope Innocent XI
807:, known as the "
532:Claude de Forbin
500:(1655–1728) and
486:Jean de Fontaney
484:mathematicians (
447:Claude de Forbin
376:René Charbonneau
151:missionary order
72:
71:
61:
60:
42:
35:
21:
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3947:
3928:Francis Garnier
3886:
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3629:
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2642:
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2536:
2376:
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2352:
2350:
2300:Lach, Donald F.
2159:
2157:Further reading
2154:
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2086:Wayback Machine
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1518:
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1469:
1444:French-Thai War
1440:Hitler's forces
1434:Shortly before
1428:French-Thai War
1408:
1406:French-Thai War
1402:
1304:
1273:affair and the
1247:
1241:
1167:in Paris (1867)
1149:
1122:
1098:
1074:
945:
939:
868:
862:
860:1688 revolution
841:Ok-khun Chamnan
831:(December 1688)
821:
769:
692:
671:
665:
597:
591:
431:
408:Soleil d'Orient
392:
360:François Martin
338:
276:College General
240:College General
149:A newly formed
143:
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132:
73:
69:
62:
58:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3943:Albert Sarraut
3940:
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3918:Amédée Courbet
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3809:
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3789:
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3779:
3774:
3772:Yên Bái mutiny
3769:
3764:
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3502:United Kingdom
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3141:
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3131:United Nations
3128:
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3014:United Kingdom
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2901:
2896:
2891:
2889:Czech Republic
2886:
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2876:
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2861:
2856:
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2514:
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2399:
2394:
2388:
2386:
2378:
2377:
2371:
2364:
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2351:
2349:
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2341:
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2326:
2320:
2319:
2305:
2297:
2283:
2269:
2255:
2248:
2235:
2225:
2218:
2204:
2194:
2180:
2170:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2139:
2128:
2115:
2099:
2090:
2072:
2058:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2011:
1997:
1983:
1971:
1957:
1943:
1924:
1913:
1896:
1880:
1869:
1850:
1836:
1832:Donald F. Lach
1818:
1805:
1791:
1693:
1679:
1665:
1625:
1605:
1590:
1588:Missions, p. 4
1576:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1527:
1524:
1523:
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1519:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1480:
1477:
1468:
1465:
1404:Main article:
1401:
1398:
1310:Occupation of
1303:
1300:
1243:Main article:
1240:
1237:
1148:
1145:
1121:
1118:
1097:
1094:
1073:
1070:
1054:Saint-Nicholas
941:Main article:
938:
935:
872:Phra Petratcha
864:Main article:
861:
858:
820:
817:
809:Siamese method
691:
688:
667:Main article:
664:
661:
649:Mercure Galant
593:Main article:
590:
587:
527:in the south.
521:maître d'hôtel
498:Louis Le Comte
490:Joachim Bouvet
471:Bénigne Vachet
463:Abbé de Choisy
430:
427:
404:Phya Pipatkosa
391:
388:
337:
334:
252:François Pallu
136:
133:
131:
128:
99:
98:
93:
87:
86:
82:
81:
78:
77:
66:
54:
53:
51:
48:
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44:
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28:
24:
14:
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10:
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4:
3:
2:
4068:
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3980:
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3952:Organisations
3950:
3944:
3941:
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3938:Auguste Pavie
3936:
3934:
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3929:
3926:
3924:
3923:Henri Rivière
3921:
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3914:
3911:
3909:
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3899:
3896:
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3885:personalities
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3329:
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3307:
3301:
3300:United States
3298:
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3015:
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2987:
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2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
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2947:
2945:
2944:Liechtenstein
2942:
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2937:
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2932:
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2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
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2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2618:United States
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
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2601:
2599:
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2398:
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2369:
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2361:
2356:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2318:
2317:0-8131-0966-3
2314:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2295:974-524-005-2
2292:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2281:974-7100-95-9
2278:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2267:0-8014-8093-0
2264:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2252:History Today
2249:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2217:
2216:0-7425-2662-3
2213:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2192:0-7661-9781-6
2189:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2148:History Today
2143:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2097:Tucker, p. 29
2094:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1940:974-7551-61-6
1937:
1933:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1878:Suarez, p. 29
1877:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1848:
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1634:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1603:, pp. 45, 122
1602:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
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1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1335:Luang Prabang
1328:
1327:Les Invalides
1324:
1320:
1313:
1308:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1283:Chulalongkorn
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1225:
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1217:
1213:
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1190:
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1125:
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1103:
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1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
984:
979:
977:
973:
969:
961:
957:
953:
949:
944:
936:
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
915:
913:
908:
904:
900:
892:
887:
883:
881:
877:
873:
867:
859:
857:
855:
851:
846:
842:
838:
830:
825:
818:
816:
814:
810:
806:
805:magic squares
802:
797:
795:
790:
788:
783:
779:
772:
767:
762:
758:
756:
751:
749:
748:Le Dromadaire
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
696:
689:
687:
685:
680:
676:
670:
662:
660:
658:
653:
651:
650:
644:
639:
637:
633:
632:Brest, France
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
606:
601:
596:
588:
586:
584:
583:Thale Chupson
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
509:
507:
503:
499:
496:(1654–1707),
495:
492:(1656–1730),
491:
488:(1643–1710),
487:
483:
478:
476:
472:
469:, and Father
468:
465:, the Jesuit
464:
460:
456:
448:
443:
435:
428:
426:
424:
420:
415:
413:
409:
406:on board the
405:
401:
397:
389:
387:
383:
381:
377:
373:
368:
363:
361:
358:
354:
347:
342:
335:
333:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
311:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
245:
241:
236:
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230:
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218:
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117:
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105:
97:
94:
92:
88:
83:
79:
76:
65:
55:
52:
50:
49:
45:
41:
36:
27:
19:
3777:World War II
3662:Guangzhouwan
3613:
3461:
3416:Saudi Arabia
3255:South Africa
3099:Multilateral
3071:Soviet Union
2828:Turkmenistan
2817:
2793:Saudi Arabia
2517:South Africa
2308:
2302:
2286:
2272:
2258:
2251:
2237:
2228:
2221:
2207:
2197:
2183:
2173:
2163:
2147:
2142:
2131:
2123:
2118:
2107:
2102:
2093:
2075:
2067:
2061:
2051:
2046:
2037:
2028:
2020:
2014:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1946:
1931:
1927:
1916:
1906:
1883:
1872:
1862:
1843:
1839:
1827:
1821:
1813:
1808:
1800:
1794:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1668:
1655:. Retrieved
1651:the original
1600:
1571:
1565:
1470:
1461:
1457:
1449:Vichy French
1436:World War II
1433:
1392:, under the
1375:
1332:
1323:Siamese flag
1260:
1224:Cochin China
1205:
1194:
1178:Napoleon III
1170:
1141:
1134:
1126:
1123:
1099:
1075:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1013:
1009:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
980:
971:
965:
922:
916:
896:
869:
834:
798:
791:
775:
770:
764:A page from
752:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
701:
672:
654:
647:
640:
629:
620:
616:
610:
552:
535:
529:
510:
479:
452:
416:
407:
393:
384:
364:
350:
330:French India
319:
312:
293:, Bishop of
291:Louis Laneau
288:
271:
249:
215:, Bishop of
211:Monseigneur
210:
187:
163:Christianity
160:
116:protectorate
112:Christianize
103:
102:
26:
3747:World War I
3637:Cochinchina
3630:territories
3628:Constituent
3543:in Thailand
3523:New Zealand
3482:Netherlands
3426:South Korea
3406:Philippines
3045:New Zealand
3004:Switzerland
2959:Netherlands
2803:South Korea
2783:Philippines
2768:North Korea
2654:Afghanistan
2588:El Salvador
2447:Ivory Coast
1814:Art History
1552:French Thai
1430:(1940–1941)
1420:Ratchathewi
1367:Siam Nakhon
1337:and around
1291:Shan region
1265:led to the
1102:Guy Tachard
1080:(nephew of
1007:French Navy
903:coup d'état
837:Guy Tachard
744:La Normande
742:(24 guns),
738:(46 guns),
734:(52 guns),
732:Le Gaillard
708:Guy Tachard
657:Rue de Siam
625:Guy Tachard
563:Phatthalung
557:), Singor (
513:Catholicism
467:Guy Tachard
357:Pondicherry
202:Cochinchina
4040:Categories
3592:Background
3321:Bangladesh
3076:Yugoslavia
2949:Luxembourg
2738:Kazakhstan
2669:Bangladesh
2664:Azerbaijan
2625:(historic)
2492:Mozambique
2477:Mauritania
2467:Madagascar
2402:Cape Verde
1893:9747534584
1657:15 October
1390:Terengganu
1363:Battambang
1343:Chantaburi
1199:, to King
1114:Tenasserim
1060:, and the
1058:Martinique
1034:Middelburg
990:board the
910:1 August.
636:Versailles
621:la Maligne
455:ambassador
445:Chevalier
322:South Asia
181:to Cosme (
177:ship from
175:Portuguese
171:Franciscan
139:See also:
3518:Australia
3421:Singapore
3401:Palestine
3356:Indonesia
3345:Hong Kong
3173:in France
3149:Diplomacy
3101:relations
3030:Australia
2798:Singapore
2778:Palestine
2706:Indonesia
2689:Hong Kong
2638:Venezuela
2548:Argentina
2482:Mauritius
2375:relations
2373:Bilateral
2124:East Asia
1345:. In the
1339:Champasak
1271:Grosgurin
1110:Phetracha
1062:Oriflamme
1046:Oriflamme
992:Oriflamme
972:Oriflamme
899:Yothathep
880:Ayutthaya
854:Ayutthaya
794:Seignelay
787:Phang Nga
643:kowtowing
569:, Louvo (
567:Ayutthaya
419:Louis XIV
412:Mauritius
315:Ayutthaya
289:In 1669,
278:, now in
260:Ayutthaya
242:) in the
231:in 1662.
221:Marseille
4030:Thailand
4006:Politics
3831:Treaties
3652:Cambodia
3532:Missions
3487:Portugal
3396:Pakistan
3381:Malaysia
3336:Cambodia
3273:Americas
3121:Americas
3040:Kiribati
2974:Portugal
2914:Holy See
2874:Bulgaria
2818:Thailand
2773:Pakistan
2753:Malaysia
2679:Cambodia
2608:Suriname
2573:Colombia
2553:Barbados
2541:Americas
2522:Tanzania
2437:Ethiopia
2427:Djibouti
2082:Archived
2023:, p. 228
1834:, p. 253
1574:, p. 766
1526:See also
1382:Kelantan
1371:Sisophon
1232:Cambodia
1106:Kosa Pan
1086:Balassor
1066:Brittany
1010:Normande
998:and the
987:countess
960:Thonburi
912:Kosa Pan
907:Phaulkon
740:La Loire
736:L'oiseau
712:Kosa Pan
617:l'Oiseau
613:Kosa Pan
605:Kosa Pan
559:Songkhla
284:Malaysia
264:seminary
75:Thailand
3992:Portals
3511:Oceania
3467:Germany
3457:Denmark
3441:Vietnam
3386:Myanmar
3316:Bahrain
3055:Vanuatu
3023:Oceania
3009:Ukraine
2979:Romania
2929:Ireland
2924:Iceland
2919:Hungary
2904:Germany
2899:Finland
2894:Denmark
2879:Croatia
2869:Belgium
2864:Austria
2859:Andorra
2854:Albania
2838:Vietnam
2758:Myanmar
2748:Lebanon
2696:Georgia
2659:Armenia
2633:Uruguay
2532:Tunisia
2512:Somalia
2507:Senegal
2487:Morocco
2457:Liberia
2392:Algeria
2309:Vietnam
2054:p. 277
1486:Bangkok
1424:Bangkok
1329:, Paris
1287:British
1281:. King
1228:Norodom
1216:Da Nang
1208:Vietnam
1201:Mongkut
1130:Burmese
1030:Zeeland
956:Bangkok
927:British
876:Lopburi
782:Bangkok
706:, with
704:Colbert
571:Lopburi
540:Bangkok
525:Songkla
473:of the
295:Motella
4018:France
3883:French
3681:Events
3642:Tonkin
3492:Russia
3477:Kosovo
3462:France
3450:Europe
3436:Turkey
3431:Taiwan
3366:Israel
3331:Brunei
3326:Bhutan
3290:Mexico
3285:Canada
3280:Brazil
3238:Africa
3111:Africa
3064:Former
2999:Sweden
2989:Serbia
2984:Russia
2969:Poland
2964:Norway
2954:Monaco
2939:Kosovo
2909:Greece
2884:Cyprus
2847:Europe
2823:Turkey
2813:Taiwan
2728:Israel
2674:Brunei
2623:Texas
2598:Mexico
2563:Canada
2558:Brazil
2502:Rwanda
2397:Angola
2385:Africa
2315:
2293:
2279:
2265:
2244:
2233:Online
2214:
2202:online
2190:
2178:Online
2168:online
2112:online
1938:
1891:
1386:Perlis
1369:, and
1359:Mekong
1279:Mekong
1257:(1893)
1220:Saigon
1090:Ganges
1041:Phuket
968:cannon
931:Madras
923:Mergui
778:Mergui
679:Mergui
579:Inburi
575:Mergui
536:Oiseau
517:Phuket
482:Jesuit
367:Phuket
280:Penang
225:Mergui
217:Beirut
206:Tonkin
153:, the
64:France
3647:Annam
3497:Spain
3472:Italy
3411:Qatar
3371:Japan
3351:India
3341:China
3250:Kenya
3245:Egypt
3177:Paris
2994:Spain
2934:Italy
2808:Syria
2788:Qatar
2763:Nepal
2733:Japan
2701:India
2684:China
2593:Haiti
2568:Chile
2497:Niger
2462:Libya
2452:Kenya
2442:Gabon
2432:Egypt
1558:Notes
1493:Paris
1378:Kedah
1050:Lonré
1018:Dutch
1014:Coche
1000:Louvo
891:Tavoy
813:Surat
396:Narai
394:King
372:Narai
268:Narai
3657:Laos
3391:Oman
3376:Laos
3361:Iran
3309:Asia
3295:Peru
3116:Asia
3035:Fiji
2743:Laos
2716:Iraq
2711:Iran
2647:Asia
2603:Peru
2578:Cuba
2527:Togo
2472:Mali
2412:Chad
2313:ISBN
2291:ISBN
2277:ISBN
2263:ISBN
2242:ISBN
2212:ISBN
2188:ISBN
1936:ISBN
1889:ISBN
1659:2002
1471:The
1414:The
1388:and
1351:Trat
1312:Trat
1295:Laos
1255:Laos
1052:and
996:Siam
780:and
746:and
722:and
619:and
581:and
459:Siam
305:and
183:Bago
1830:By
1353:to
1230:of
1020:at
573:),
561:),
286:).
192:by
179:Goa
4042::
3541:/
3171:/
1899:^
1853:^
1696:^
1628:^
1608:^
1593:^
1579:^
1384:,
1380:,
1373:.
1365:,
1068:.
933:.
750:.
652:.
627:.
585:.
577:,
565:,
550:.
425:.
332:.
282:,
254:,
204:,
3994::
3577:e
3570:t
3563:v
3347:)
3343:(
3216:e
3209:t
3202:v
3179:)
3175:(
2345:e
2338:t
2331:v
1661:.
1495:.
1488:.
962:.
893:.
768::
20:)
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