227:
the group was in constant danger. Blaichman encouraged the group to form a defense unit to guard the camp even though they had no firearms. In
December 1942 the group managed to acquire firearms from a local Polish farmer. (However, according to another biography, it was only in summer of 1943 that Blaichman left the Głos family and joined the resistance). In late January Blaichman and some of his fellow Jewish partisans received shelter from Polish farmer Bolesław Dąbrowski; however the Germans raided their shelter and many Jews were killed, along with Dąbrowski who was executed by Germans shortly afterward. Five decades later, in 1994, the Yad Vashem Institute posthumously awarded Bolesław Dąbrowski the title of Righteous Among the Nations.
246:
realized that the
Blaichman and Gruber groups could be a dependable ally in the fight against the Germans and provided them with supplies that had been parachuted in by the Soviet air force. Now equipped with hand grenades, explosives, land mines, machine guns, and ammunition, the group could be even
177:
Although German officials issued decrees that limited Jewish travel outside of
Kamionka and required Jews to identify themselves by wearing armbands, Blaichman took a number of risks in order to help his parents and six brothers and sisters. He rode his bicycle from the neighboring farms and villages
226:
but rather were deported on trains to an unknown destination. Blaichman heard that a group of Jews were hiding in the forest, so after two days with the farmer, he made his way to the forest and found more than one hundred Jews living in an encampment of small bunkers in the forest. He realized that
357:
which focused on forcefully obtaining provisions from the local populace and clashed with the Polish resistance. Perhaps most controversially, Blaichman also mentions that at one point he shot dead two AK soldiers, which has led to demands for this case to be investigated by the authorities. The
373:, praised Blaichman in his speech in Poland as an exemplary "Polish survivor who settled in the USA and achieved an American dream", which was described by Polish press as a political blunder, given Blaichman's controversial association with the communist security apparatus.
33:
676:
exhibition. The short bio note, accompanied by a photo, reads: "Franciszek
Blajchman, son of Chaim, born 11 December 1922, temporary head of the Department of Prisons and Camps (WUBP) in Kielce - from c. April to 19 July
194:
armband and traveled without the necessary permits). He was assigned to work two days a week on a nearby estate with crops, but instead he paid someone to fill his place and continued to engage in underground trading.
186:(12 miles south) where he bought and sold goods such as honey, chickens, butters, grains, meat, tobacco, yarns, and sugar. Blaichman was able to travel among the population without being recognized as a
353:. In turn, Blaichman portrayal of his activities in communist resistance has been questioned, and it has been alleged that he was a member of a criminal gang associated with communist
748:
1042:
1037:
1027:
512:
1022:
338:, a former Polish-Jewish officer of the AK, called the charges made in the book against the Home Army "absurd", a view which has been endorsed by historians
821:
154:
Blaichman’s portrayal of his activities in communist resistance and security have been questioned and have given rise to several controversies in Poland.
396:
696:
330:
Following the publication of his memoir in Poland, some parts of his account, particularly related to his and his unit interactions with the
242:
and knew how to use explosives and mines. The two groups joined together and became a more effective fighting force. By
September 1943, the
799:
752:
250:
In 1944, Blaichman's group received an order from the People's Army to move east and join forces with another Jewish partisan unit in the
219:
619:
359:
136:
914:
1057:
319:, was released in Poland. The book has been described as controversial in Poland, where it has led to a number of controversies.
296:
After the war, Blaichman married Cesia
Pomeranc, who had also lived in the Parczew area, and six years later they settled in the
774:
881:
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144:
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163:
60:
442:
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Near the end of the war and immediately afterward (April to 19 July 1945) he has worked for the Polish communist
171:
78:
978:"Institute of National Remembrance - Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation (IPN)"
977:
243:
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106:
Jewish partisan, Head of the Prison and Camps
Department at the Security Office in Kielce, memoir author
255:
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258:. Gruber was appointed deputy commander and Blaichman, at the age of 21, became the unit's youngest
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has declared that
Blaichman's book will be investigated to determine whether he is guilty of
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was taken from the
Germans by the Soviets, and Blaichman's partisan group entered the city.
822:"W USA zmarł Frank Blaichman, autor kontrowersyjnych wspomnień z czasów okupacji w Polsce"
363:
354:
348:
513:"Wpadka sekretarza stanu USA podczas wizyty w Polsce. Pochwalił kontrowersyjną postać"
147:, Blaichman was the head of the Prison and Camps Department at the Security Office in
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Over time, Blaichman's unit increased in size. They were joined by refugees from
370:
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166:, in December 1922. His grandmother owned a grocery store and his father was a
997:
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and expanded to sixty fighters. In the spring of 1943, Blaichman encountered
331:
231:
222:). He later learned that the Jews of Kamionka had not been relocated to the
441:
Gmyz, Cezary; Zychowicz, Piotr; Wybranowski, Wojciech (6 September 2010).
450:
263:
199:
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advanced from the east and entered the
Parczew forest. Also that month,
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251:
207:
308:
286:
267:
183:
148:
202:) informed the Jewish residents that they would be resettled in the
981:
281:), as the temporary head of the Department of Prisons and Camps (
849:"Frank Blaichman, 96, Dies; Led Jewish Fighters in World War II"
400:
940:"Wpadka sekretarza stanu USA. Pochwalił stalinowskiego oprawcę"
915:"Blajchman chwalił się, że jego oddział mordował żołnierzy AK"
422:
Magazine, Obituary, Page 86 of Print Edition, 2 February 2019.
187:
643:"Story of Rescue - Dabrowski Boleslaw | Polscy Sprawiedliwi"
366:. The case was described as still open as of February 2019.
611:
The Encyclopedia of the Righteous Among the Nations: Poland
238:. Gruber's group consisted of men who had fought in the
800:"Były ubek o "drapieżczo antysemickiej" Armii Krajowej"
317:
Wolę zginąć walcząc. Wspomnienia z II wojny światowej
115:(11 December 1922 – 27 December 2018), also known as
691:. Gilbert, Sir Martin. Skyhorse Publishing Company.
751:. Newsweek Poland. 7 September 2010. Archived from
749:"Kontrowersyjna książka. Ubek wspomina mordowanie?"
322:He died in Manhattan on 27 December 2018, aged 96.
102:
94:
86:
67:
42:
23:
608:Israel Gutman; Lucien Lazare; Sara Bender (2004).
603:
601:
599:
206:. Blaichman slipped out of Kamionka and went to a
882:"Obituary: Frank Blaichman died on December 27th"
775:"Ubek wspomina w książce mordowanie żołnierzy AK"
137:communist armed organization during World War II
198:In October 1942, the Kamionka Jewish council (
689:Rather Die Fighting: A Memoir of World War II
313:Rather Die Fighting: A Memoir of World War II
8:
743:
741:
291:Wojewódzki Urząd Bezpieczeństwa Państwowego
972:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
214:who offered him assistance (the family of
31:
20:
1043:Polish resistance members of World War II
584:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
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560:
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247:more successful in fighting the Germans.
170:. He was 16 years old at the time of the
1038:American people of Polish-Jewish descent
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550:
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546:
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540:
538:
536:
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395:This article incorporates text from the
315:. In August 2010, a Polish translation,
218:, which would later be listed among the
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397:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
300:; Blaichman found work as a builder in
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792:
710:
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415:
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289:'s Voivode Office of Public Security (
1028:Polish emigrants to the United States
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472:
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436:
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432:
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7:
847:Genzlinger, Neil (25 January 2019).
507:
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262:commander. In July 1944, the Soviet
1023:Jewish concentration camp survivors
369:In 2019 the US Secretary of State,
334:, have proven to be controversial.
722:. 8 September 2010. Archived from
486:. 9 September 2010. Archived from
399:, and has been released under the
220:Polish Righteous Among the Nations
98:Ephraim Blaichman, Frank Bleichman
14:
360:Institute of National Remembrance
777:. Polish Radio. 7 September 2010
216:Aleksander and Stanisława Głos
1:
946:(in Polish). 13 February 2019
519:(in Polish). 14 February 2019
828:(in Polish). 25 January 2019
716:"Żołnierze AK chcą śledztwa"
674:"Twarze kieleckiej bezpieki"
162:Frank Blaichman was born in
614:. Yad Vashem. p. 238.
1074:
443:"Ubek wspomina mordowanie"
802:. TVN24. 7 September 2010
687:Blaichman, Frank (2011).
480:"IPN zbada książkę ubeka"
358:spokesman for the Polish
279:Office of Public Security
210:farmer in the village of
172:German invasion of Poland
30:
18:Polish resistance fighter
283:Wydział Więzień i Obozów
244:communist People's Army
190:(he refused to wear the
79:Manhattan, New York City
37:Frank Blaichman in 1945.
1058:Controversies in Poland
119:, occasionally spelled
307:Blaichman published a
182:(six miles east) and
670:Franciszek Blajchman
129:Franciszek Blajchman
1053:American memoirists
647:sprawiedliwi.org.pl
174:in September 1939.
984:on 17 October 2012
853:The New York Times
311:in November 2009,
254:area commanded by
141:Holocaust survivor
1048:Polish memoirists
998:Parczew partisans
970:"Frank Blaichman"
726:on 4 October 2012
698:978-1-61145-015-6
582:"Frank Bleichman"
490:on 4 October 2012
453:on 4 October 2012
383:Parczew partisans
336:Stanisław Aronson
256:Yechiel Grynszpan
117:Ephraim Blaichman
110:
109:
1065:
1033:Jewish partisans
993:
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980:. Archived from
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449:. Archived from
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364:communist crimes
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164:Kamionka, Poland
145:communist Poland
123:, and in Polish
95:Other names
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71:27 December 2018
61:Kamionka, Poland
57:11 December 1922
56:
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47:Franek Blajchman
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224:Lubartów Ghetto
204:Lubartów Ghetto
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121:Frank Bleichman
113:Frank Blaichman
90:Polish-American
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275:secret police
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236:Samuel Gruber
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192:Star of David
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994:(in English)
986:. Retrieved
982:the original
948:. Retrieved
944:www.tvp.info
943:
934:
922:. Retrieved
919:wpolityce.pl
918:
909:
897:. Retrieved
885:
876:
864:. Retrieved
852:
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830:. Retrieved
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804:. Retrieved
779:. Retrieved
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757:. Retrieved
753:the original
728:. Retrieved
724:the original
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688:
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662:
650:. Retrieved
646:
637:
625:. Retrieved
610:
586:. Retrieved
521:. Retrieved
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492:. Retrieved
488:the original
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455:. Retrieved
451:the original
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135:leader of a
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73:(2018-12-27)
15:
1018:2018 deaths
1013:1922 births
667:(in Polish)
371:Mike Pompeo
347: [
326:Controversy
240:Polish Army
87:Nationality
1007:Categories
389:References
212:Kierzkówka
53:1922-12-11
894:0013-0613
861:0362-4331
340:Jan Żaryn
332:Home Army
293:, WUBP).
285:) in the
232:Markuszow
377:See also
302:New York
264:Red Army
200:Judenrat
180:Lubartów
131:, was a
988:4 April
950:13 July
924:13 July
899:13 July
866:13 July
832:13 July
806:4 April
781:4 April
759:4 April
730:4 April
672:at the
652:12 June
627:4 April
588:4 April
523:13 July
494:4 April
457:4 April
260:platoon
252:Parczew
208:gentile
892:
859:
695:
618:
517:Wprost
309:memoir
287:Kielce
268:Lublin
184:Lublin
149:Kielce
139:and a
125:Franek
81:, U.S.
677:1945"
351:]
990:2011
952:2020
926:2020
901:2020
890:ISSN
868:2020
857:ISSN
834:2020
808:2011
783:2011
761:2010
732:2011
693:ISBN
654:2019
629:2011
616:ISBN
590:2011
525:2020
496:2011
459:2011
401:GFDL
342:and
68:Died
43:Born
188:Jew
178:to
151:.
127:or
1009::
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917:.
888:.
884:.
855:.
851:.
824:.
791:^
740:^
718:.
707:^
645:.
598:^
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412:^
349:pl
304:.
992:.
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277:(
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
