79:
90:
318:
306:
825:
180:
paid to mercenaries: many victories were not verifiable because the downed aircraft crashed in an enemy-held area and/or an incentive would not have to be paid. In addition, Tinker and other pilots from
875:
491:
After Tinker's return to the US, both the Army and Navy rejected his requested return to service. Instead, he wrote articles for various magazines and newspapers, including his
885:
895:
244:, which he did three years later. Graduating with the Class of '33, he did not receive a commission, along with the other lower half of the class, due to the
358:
of
Francisco GĂłmez Trejo. His contract included $ 1500 per month, and an additional $ 1000 for each enemy plane he downed. Tinker then traveled by train to
449:
On May 3, 1937, Tinker and
Baumler, the remaining American fighter pilots, were assigned to Ivan A. Lakeev's squadron, and on 30 May, started flying the
520:
On July 11, 2009, the centennial of his birth, his niece and the Grand
Prairie Historical Society, honored his memory in a DeWitt, Arkansas ceremony.
392:
From 7 January 1937, Tinker along with Dahl and
Charlie Koch, joined three British and one Irish pilot in Walter Kantz's 19 Bomber Squadron , flying
860:
347:
499:. He was found in his Little Rock hotel room with a fatal gunshot wound to his head, an empty whiskey bottle, and an acceptance letter from the
890:
865:
335:
94:
900:
880:
870:
514:
176:. That relatively few of his claims were officially recognized was due to the complex system of verifying air kills used by FARE and the
565:
735:
804:
765:
719:
673:
615:
28:
460:. On 17 July, Tinker shot down another Bf 109A, and on 18 July, another CR.32. On 29 July, Tinker made his last flight in Spain.
534:
249:
173:
156:
110:
400:
186:
456:
On 2 and 16 June, he shot down two more CR.32s. On 12 July, he became the first
American combat pilot to shoot down a
132:
343:
419:, they flew their first mission over enemy territory, each dropping four 24-pound bombs onto factories along the
269:
203:
bombers. He reported narrowly avoiding death at both the hands of enemy aviators and malfunctioning equipment.
830:
172:
of the war. However, Tinker's logbook suggests that he claimed 19 victories, which would make him the sixth-
168:
Tinker was credited officially with shooting down eight enemy aircraft and was the highest-scoring
American
855:
496:
427:
66:
850:
845:
476:
457:
257:
136:
206:
He left a detailed record of his experiences as a fighter pilot for the
Republicans in his memoir
416:
378:
261:
106:
213:
800:
715:
669:
611:
561:
229:
217:
162:
120:
50:
631:
468:
464:
412:
386:
374:
339:
245:
241:
233:
743:
529:
480:
472:
450:
408:
208:
195:
177:
404:
382:
317:
305:
253:
839:
500:
439:
435:
359:
355:
276:
200:
152:
83:
434:
fighter, followed by another CR.32 on March 20. On April 17, he shot down a German
363:
296:
149:
399:
On 23 January, Tinker, Koch, Allison, Dahl, Leider. and 12 Spanish pilots, joined
605:
555:
313:. He scored four victories in this aircraft. Occasionally he flew No. 58 as well.
351:
820:
431:
393:
299:
292:
284:
280:
265:
127:
370:
334:
After the start of the
Spanish Civil War, Tinker offered his service to the
288:
27:
504:
237:
169:
443:
420:
589:
Mitos y verdades: La aviación de caza en la guerra civil española.
321:
The I-16 Polikarpov No. CM-023 flown by F.G. Tinker in the 1st Sq
316:
304:
430:. On March 14, Tinker shot down his first aircraft, an Italian
513:
Arkansas
Aviation Historical Society inducted Tinker into the
309:
The I-15 Polikarpov No. 56 flown by F.G. Tinker in the 1st Sq
797:
Airmen
Without Portfolio: U.S. Mercenaries in Civil War Spain
831:
Flyers of Fortune: American Airmen in the Spanish Civil War
291:, the navy dissolved his commission. Tinker then became a
714:. London: The Clapton Press Limited. pp. 9–23, 210.
668:. North Charleston: Global Book Publisher. pp. 1–2.
161:("Air Forces of the Spanish Republic"; FARE), during the
350:. After signing a contract with the Spanish Embassy in
148:(July 14, 1909 – June 13, 1939) was an American
199:Squadron"), shared a number of joint kills against
126:
116:
100:
72:
56:
37:
18:
385:, and other American pilots and English pilots at
216:Co in New York, 1938 and recently republished by
876:American military personnel who died by suicide
821:Biplane fighter aces - Jr Frank Glasgow Tinker
740:Arkansas Aviation Historical Society Collection
248:. He and other classmates then enrolled in the
636:, Frank G Tinker Jr, The Clapton Press, 2019"
8:
377:, he checked out as a combat pilot, joining
325:with which he shot down two German Bf 109Bs.
886:Americans who served in foreign militaries
354:, he received a Spanish passport with the
15:
896:American people of the Spanish Civil War
826:Frank Tinker: The American Ace in Spain
546:
463:While in Spain, Tinker socialized with
275:cruiser. Lasting only six months as an
158:Fuerzas Aéreas de la República Española
32:US Naval Academy graduation photo, 1933
766:"Celebrating a Spanish Civil War Hero"
736:"Frank Glasgow Tinker Jr. (1909-1939)"
369:for France, then traveled by train to
705:
240:hoping to gain an appointment to the
7:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
264:, and assigned as a reconnaissance
591:; MĂ©xico: Lito Offset fersa, 1973.
252:, and received flight training at
14:
560:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
346:, and Mussolini's support of the
554:Frank Glasgow Tinker Jr (1938).
88:
77:
26:
861:Suicides by firearm in Arkansas
415:. On 10 February, now based at
515:Arkansas Aviation Hall of Fame
426:The squadron took part in the
1:
891:People from Kaplan, Louisiana
866:Spanish Civil War flying aces
795:Edwards, John Carver (1997).
503:. His tombstone included the
373:. At the San Xavier field in
189:'s Squadron"), also known as
174:highest scoring pilot in FARE
901:People from DeWitt, Arkansas
881:United States Naval Aviators
250:United States Army Air Corps
871:United States Navy officers
256:. In 1934, he received his
133:United States Naval Academy
917:
799:. Westport, CT: Praeger.
764:Reichhardt, Tony (2009).
236:. In 1926, he joined the
228:Frank Tinker was born in
25:
666:Airmen Without Portfolio
587:AndrĂ©s GarcĂa La Calle,
191:1ÂŞ Escuadrilla de Chatos
772:. Smithsonian Magazine
770:Air and Space Magazine
710:Tinker, Frank (2019).
664:Edwards, John (2003).
401:AndrĂ©s GarcĂa La Calle
326:
314:
279:in the navy, due to a
602:Tinker, Frank Glasgow
497:Saturday Evening Post
487:Later years and death
479:, and members of the
428:Battle of Guadalajara
320:
308:
260:, flight training at
67:Little Rock, Arkansas
477:Henry Tilton Gorrell
458:Messerschmitt Bf 109
183:Escuadrilla La Calle
146:Frank Glasgow Tinker
111:Republican Air Force
20:Frank Glasgow Tinker
610:. Time-Life Books.
336:Loyalist Government
214:Funk & Wagnalls
178:financial incentive
379:Harold Edward Dahl
338:. Tinker disliked
327:
315:
262:Pensacola, Florida
107:United States Navy
330:Spanish Civil War
287:, and another in
232:, and grew up in
230:Kaplan, Louisiana
218:The Clapton Press
163:Spanish Civil War
143:
142:
121:Spanish Civil War
51:Kaplan, Louisiana
908:
810:
782:
781:
779:
777:
761:
755:
754:
752:
751:
742:. Archived from
732:
726:
725:
707:
680:
679:
661:
640:
639:
628:
622:
621:
598:
592:
585:
579:
578:
576:
574:
551:
469:Herbert Matthews
465:Ernest Hemingway
387:Manises Air Base
340:Benito Mussolini
258:naval commission
246:Great Depression
242:US Naval Academy
234:DeWitt, Arkansas
102:
93:
92:
91:
82:
81:
80:
63:
48:
46:
30:
16:
916:
915:
911:
910:
909:
907:
906:
905:
836:
835:
817:
807:
794:
791:
786:
785:
775:
773:
763:
762:
758:
749:
747:
734:
733:
729:
722:
712:Some Still Live
709:
708:
683:
676:
663:
662:
643:
634:Some Still Live
630:
629:
625:
618:
607:Some Still Live
600:
599:
595:
586:
582:
572:
570:
568:
557:Some Still Live
553:
552:
548:
543:
530:Yankee Squadron
526:
495:series for the
493:Some Still Live
489:
481:Lincoln Brigade
473:Martha Gellhorn
451:Polikarpov I-16
409:Polikarpov I-15
332:
226:
212:, published by
209:Some Still Live
109:
89:
87:
86:
78:
76:
65:
61:
49:
44:
42:
33:
21:
12:
11:
5:
914:
912:
904:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
838:
837:
834:
833:
828:
823:
816:
815:External links
813:
812:
811:
805:
790:
787:
784:
783:
756:
727:
720:
681:
674:
641:
638:. 9 June 2019.
623:
616:
593:
580:
567:978-0809496334
566:
545:
544:
542:
539:
538:
537:
532:
525:
522:
510:(Who knows?).
488:
485:
405:Wright Cyclone
383:Albert Baumler
362:, boarded the
331:
328:
254:Randolph Field
225:
222:
141:
140:
130:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
104:
98:
97:
74:
70:
69:
64:(aged 29)
58:
54:
53:
39:
35:
34:
31:
23:
22:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
913:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
856:1939 suicides
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
843:
841:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
818:
814:
808:
806:0-275-95742-X
802:
798:
793:
792:
788:
771:
767:
760:
757:
746:on 2019-10-21
745:
741:
737:
731:
728:
723:
721:9781999654382
717:
713:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
682:
677:
675:9781594571756
671:
667:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
642:
637:
635:
627:
624:
619:
617:0-8094-9633-X
613:
609:
608:
603:
597:
594:
590:
584:
581:
569:
563:
559:
558:
550:
547:
540:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
523:
521:
518:
516:
511:
509:
506:
502:
501:Flying Tigers
498:
494:
486:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
461:
459:
454:
452:
447:
445:
441:
440:Legion Condor
438:fighter from
437:
436:Heinkel He 51
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
413:Los Alcázares
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
375:Los_Alcázares
372:
368:
367:
361:
360:New York City
357:
356:nom de guerre
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
329:
324:
319:
312:
307:
303:
301:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
273:
272:San Francisco
268:pilot on the
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
223:
221:
219:
215:
211:
210:
204:
202:
201:Junkers Ju 52
198:
197:
192:
188:
184:
179:
175:
171:
166:
164:
160:
159:
154:
153:fighter pilot
151:
147:
138:
134:
131:
129:
125:
122:
119:
115:
112:
108:
105:
99:
96:
85:
84:United States
75:
71:
68:
60:June 13, 1939
59:
55:
52:
41:July 14, 1909
40:
36:
29:
24:
17:
796:
789:Bibliography
776:18 September
774:. Retrieved
769:
759:
748:. Retrieved
744:the original
739:
730:
711:
665:
633:
626:
606:
601:
596:
588:
583:
571:. Retrieved
556:
549:
519:
512:
508:¿Quién Sabe?
507:
492:
490:
462:
455:
448:
425:
411:squadron in
398:
391:
365:
333:
322:
310:
297:Standard Oil
271:
227:
207:
205:
194:
190:
182:
167:
157:
145:
144:
117:Battles/wars
62:(1939-06-13)
851:1939 deaths
846:1909 births
417:Guadalajara
352:Mexico City
224:Early years
95:Republicans
840:Categories
750:2019-06-10
541:References
432:Fiat CR.32
396:bombers.
394:Breguet 19
293:third mate
285:Long Beach
266:floatplane
220:, London.
128:Alma mater
73:Allegiance
45:1909-07-14
517:in 1999.
371:Barcelona
366:Normandie
150:volunteer
604:(1992).
524:See also
407:powered
344:Ethiopia
289:Honolulu
187:La Calle
155:for the
101:Service/
573:5 April
505:epitaph
311:Lacalle
238:US Navy
170:air ace
43: (
803:
718:
672:
614:
564:
444:Teruel
421:Jarama
348:Rebels
342:after
323:Moscas
300:tanker
277:ensign
103:branch
442:over
295:on a
281:brawl
196:Chato
193:(1st
801:ISBN
778:2024
716:ISBN
670:ISBN
612:ISBN
575:2013
562:ISBN
535:PTSD
270:USS
57:Died
38:Born
403:'s
364:SS
283:in
842::
768:.
738:.
684:^
644:^
483:.
475:,
471:,
467:,
453:.
446:.
423:.
389:.
381:,
302:.
185:("
165:.
137:BS
809:.
780:.
753:.
724:.
678:.
632:"
620:.
577:.
139:)
135:(
47:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
