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found no evidence of major environment problems and that risks of a major problem are low, if best practices are followed. However, the PCE also found that New
Zealand's oversight and regulation was not adequate for managing the environmental risks. The 2014 report sets out recommendations to address regulatory shortcomings and concludes that the ultimate threat is climate change. The government is considering the PCE recommendations to improve regulatory oversight.
348:. A preliminary report recommended tighter regulation on the practice, but stopped short of pushing for a moratorium. The New Zealand Government welcomed the report, but the Opposition doubted the government's commitment on introducing tighter laws. Dr Wright said she couldn't rule out the possibility fracking could cause large earthquakes, like the series of tremors that destroyed much of Christchurch over 2010 and 2011
268:
published a report that found there had been 65 hydraulic fracturing activities in 39 wells with no evidence of any related environmental problems. The report also found that the risk of contaminating freshwater aquifers was very low. Since August 2011, the
Taranaki Regional Council has required
289:
In 2014, the PCE published a report on oil and gas drilling and fracking. The scope of this report was widened following feedback on the interim report, based on which the PCE concluded that concern was not about fracking per se, but about the spread of the industry that fracking enabled. The PCE
235:
for over 27 years, mostly in
Taranaki and also in coal seams in Waikato and Southland. Concerns have been raised about its negative effects and some local government jurisdictions have called for a moratorium on fracking but this has been rejected by the government. The environmental effects of
352:
Society
Chairman Gary Taylor said he was pleased Dr Wright had examined the overarching issue of climate change given the Government's gutting of climate change policy and bias towards fossil fuels. Taylor called for more balanced policy where renewables are given priority and carbon is priced
336:
with jurisdiction over underground discharges, so the fracking-free zone is largely symbolic. A spokesperson for
Environment Canterbury said that the regional council has no specific rules relating to fracking but there are existing policies that would apply to applications for fracking.
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since 1989 and the technique has been used on over 50 wells in the
Taranaki and Waikato Regions. L&M Minerals have applied for exploration permits for coal seam gas extraction off the coast of South Canterbury and on the
279:
Also in 2012, Christchurch became the first city in New
Zealand to declare itself a "fracking-free zone" after a probable link between earthquakes and hydraulic fracturing was demonstrated in England.
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and
Waimakariri District Council. In 2012, community boards in Christchurch and in the South Taranaki district, where fracking is taking place, called for a ban. The Energy and Resources Minister
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276:(PCE) undertook an investigation into the environmental impacts of fracking in New Zealand. This interim report stated that environmental risks can be effectively managed.
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Straterra, the industry group for the New
Zealand resource and mining sectors, believes that the fracking carried out in New Zealand is safe.
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483:"Fracking found to cause quakes | Otago Daily Times Online News : Otago, South Island, New Zealand & International News"
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voted unanimously to declare the city a fracking-free zone. Any resource consents required for fracking would be lodged with
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stated that hydraulic fracturing had been going on safely in
Taranaki for the past 30 years without any issues.
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Environmentalists have raised concerns about fracking citing concerns about water pollution and
466:"Hydrogeologic Risk Assessment of Hydraulic Fracturing for Gas Recovery in the Taranaki Region"
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Drilling for oil and gas in New Zealand: Environmental oversight and regulation
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508:"Fracking tests near Blackpool 'likely cause' of tremors - BBC News"
392:"Evaluating the environmental impacts of fracking in New Zealand"
771:(Press release). Environmental Defence Society. 27 November 2012
302:. Four local councils have called for a moratorium on fracking;
340:
In New Zealand, an inquiry into fracking was undertaken by the
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resource consents for all subsurface fracturing discharges.
26:
801:Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment
318:stated that the RMA gives sufficient safeguards.
422:"Energy minister rejects moratorium on fracking"
616:"Community boards urge moratorium on fracking"
557:Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment
399:Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment
342:Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment
274:Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment
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8:
751:"Fracking moratorium 'unjustified' - report"
711:"Fracking report holds off on big decisions"
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583:
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166:2012–14 Romanian protests against shale gas
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799:. NZ Petroleum and Minerals (New Zealand
668:"Christchurch's frack-free status hailed"
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471:. Taranaki Regional Council. 28 May 2012.
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794:"Hydraulic fracturing information sheet"
729:"Opposition doubts fracking assurances"
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642:"Don't believe fracking scare stories"
534:"PM rejects anti-fracking 'nonsense'"
252:Fracking has been carried out in the
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420:Anderson, Vicki (27 February 2012).
828:Environmental issues in New Zealand
735:. 28 November 2012. Archived from
240:(RMA) through the requirement for
14:
614:Anderson, Vicki (12 March 2012).
570:Bridges, Simon (21 March 2016).
439:Anderson, Vicki (24 July 2011).
818:Hydraulic fracturing by country
693:"Fracking verdict tabled today"
666:Sachdeva, Sam (13 April 2012).
588:Reid, Neil (19 February 2012).
640:Napp, Bernie (8 August 2011).
590:"Fracking the new 'nuke-free'"
532:Maetzig, Rob (22 March 2013).
236:fracking are regulated by the
1:
572:"Launch of Block Offer 2016"
282:In 2013, the Prime Minister
31:Shale gas drilling rig near
129:U.S. federal law exemptions
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592:. New Zealand: Stuff.co.nz
368:Environment of New Zealand
574:. New Zealand Government.
326:Christchurch City Council
312:Kaikoura District Council
304:Christchurch City Council
266:Taranaki Regional Council
769:"EDS on Fracking Report"
231:has been carried out in
308:Selwyn District Council
238:Resource Management Act
441:"Fracking: yes or no?"
330:Environment Canterbury
171:Anti-fracking movement
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823:Mining in New Zealand
363:Energy in New Zealand
350:Environmental Defence
150:Uses of radioactivity
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739:on 23 February 2013.
97:Environmental impact
757:. 27 November 2012.
717:. 27 November 2012.
699:. 27 November 2012.
324:In April 2012, the
536:. Fairfax NZ News.
300:induced seismicity
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259:Canterbury Plains
242:resource consents
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773:. Retrieved
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73:South Africa
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42:drilling rig
233:New Zealand
177:FrackNation
68:New Zealand
812:Categories
775:5 February
374:References
353:properly.
346:Jan Wright
294:Opposition
137:Technology
120:Regulation
54:By country
755:3 News NZ
733:3 News NZ
715:3 News NZ
697:3 News NZ
672:The Press
651:15 August
646:The Press
620:The Press
445:The Press
426:The Press
183:Frack Off
145:Proppants
106:Additives
39:Shale gas
803:). 2016.
677:13 April
625:12 March
596:10 March
512:BBC News
357:See also
284:John Key
229:Fracking
158:Politics
20:Fracking
450:28 July
248:History
189:Gasland
78:Ukraine
517:7 June
492:7 June
405:8 June
332:, the
63:Canada
797:(PDF)
469:(PDF)
395:(PDF)
344:, Dr
44:near
777:2013
679:2012
653:2011
627:2012
598:2012
519:2016
494:2016
452:2011
407:2016
814::
753:.
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713:.
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606:^
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381:^
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244:.
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217:e
210:t
203:v
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