450:
which are taking the place of ash, due to the ash borer, are much less suitable for the frogs as a food source—resulting in poor frog survival rates and small frog sizes. It is the lack of tannins in the
American ash varieties that makes them good for the frogs as a food source and also not resistant to the ash borer. Varieties of ash from outside North America typically have much higher tannin levels and resist the borer. Maples and various non-native invasive trees, which are taking the place of American ash species in the North American ecosystem, typically have much higher leaf
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levels. It is possible that the blue ash's increased resistance to the borer, as compared with other North
American varieties, is due to a higher tannin content. If that is the case, the blue ash is less palatable for maturing frogs than those most threatened by the borer. Ash species native to North
449:
North
American native ash tree species are used by North American frogs as a critical food source, as the leaves that fall from the trees are particularly suitable for tadpoles to feed upon in ponds (both temporary and permanent), large puddles, and other water sources. Species such as red maple,
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typically reaching a height of 10–25 m (33–82 ft) with a trunk 50–100 cm (20–39 in) in diameter. The twigs typically have four corky ridges, a distinctive feature giving them a square appearance (in cross-section), hence the species name,
353:
are 20–38 cm (7.9–15.0 in) long, with 5–11 (most often 7) leaflets, the leaflets 7–13 cm (2.8–5.1 in) long and 2.5–5 cm (0.98–1.97 in) broad, with a coarsely serrated margin and short but distinct
467:. First detected in North America in 2002, this invasive beetle has since spread throughout much of this tree's range. Approximately sixty to seventy percent of these trees survive compared to other ash such as
475:
where up to ninety-nine percent of them are killed by emerald ash borer. In 2017, the blue ash, along with other ashes native to the
Eastern United States such as the black ash, green ash and
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is found in
Ontario and has experienced habitat fragmentation within that portion of its range. Ongoing threats to this species in Canada may include
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Stephens, Jeffrey; Bervan, Keith; Tiegs, Scott (3 May 2013). "Anthropogenic changes to leaf litter input affect the fitness of a larval amphibian".
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Tanis, S. R.; McCullough, D. G. (25 July 2012). "Differential persistence of blue ash and white ash following emerald ash borer invasion".
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446:, drew its name from the blue ash trees in the area, the logs of which were used to build many of the community's earliest buildings.
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483:. This is due to the non-native invasive emerald ash borer's massive population increase across the native habitat of these trees.
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browsing of young trees and emerald ash borer activity, although the impact of these threats is not well defined at present.
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As of 2014, blue ash appears to be least threatened in comparison to other North
American ash by the infestation of the
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America also provide important habitat and food for various other creatures that are native to North
America.
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2.5–5 cm (0.98–1.97 in) long and 6–12 mm (0.24–0.47 in) broad, including the wing.
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extracted from the tree's inner bark through immersion in water. European colonists and
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are small and purplish, produced in the early spring before the leaves appear. The
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Westwood, M.; Oldfield, S.; Jerome, D.; Romero-Severson, J. (2017).
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785:. Ottawa: Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada
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349:, meaning four-angled. The winter buds are reddish-brown. The
325:. It is typically found over calcareous substrates such as
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is legally protected as a threatened species under the
776:"COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Blue Ash
813:
547:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T61919112A61919114.en
19:"Blue Ash" redirects here. For other uses, see
479:were assessed as Critically Endangered by the
282:, is a species of ash native primarily to the
8:
378:The name blue ash is derived from the black
1182:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
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597:Virtual Herbarium of the Chicago Region:
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755:. Government of Canada. 12 December 2023
648:. City of Blue Ash, Ohio. Archived from
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661:
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619:
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7:
749:"Blue Ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata)"
723:Canadian Journal of Forest Research
533:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
569:"Fraxinus Quadragulata Range Map"
1113:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:609183-1
414:. Blue Ash wood is used to make
313:. Isolated populations exist in
80:
753:Species at risk public registry
576:United States Geological Survey
1:
390:for use in the production of
264:Close-up of natural range of
623:Oklahoma Biological Survey:
321:, and small sections of the
646:"Brief History of Blue Ash"
337:Blue ash is a medium sized
1218:
18:
1192:Trees of Northern America
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77:Scientific classification
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53:
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21:Blue Ash (disambiguation)
1197:Plants described in 1803
540:: e.T61919112A61919114.
386:used this dye to color
1074:Fraxinus quadrangulata
845:Fraxinus quadrangulata
815:Fraxinus quadrangulata
778:Fraxinus quadrangulata
626:Fraxinus quadrangulata
600:Fraxinus quadrangulata
526:Fraxinus quadrangulata
488:Fraxinus quadrangulata
275:Fraxinus quadrangulata
266:Fraxinus quadrangulata
249:Fraxinus quadrangulata
224:Fraxinus quadrangulata
442:, an inner suburb of
323:Appalachian Mountains
206:F. quadrangulata
62:Critically Endangered
700:Illinois Wildflowers
492:Species at Risk Act
459:Conservation status
47:Conservation status
1202:Flora of Tennessee
670:Freshwater Biology
632:2008-10-20 at the
606:2007-08-13 at the
1169:
1168:
1056:Open Tree of Life
807:Taxon identifiers
735:10.1139/x2012-103
682:10.1111/fwb.12155
500:white-tailed deer
465:emerald ash borer
384:American pioneers
297:, as well as the
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247:Natural range of
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729:(8): 1542–1550.
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374:History and uses
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1030:NatureServe
942:iNaturalist
839:Wikispecies
696:"Black Ash"
553:12 November
486:In Canada,
333:Description
317:, Southern
120:Angiosperms
1176:Categories
1143:WisFlora:
1087:kew-370075
1082:Plant List
780:in Canada"
581:2008-03-02
506:References
444:Cincinnati
412:embroidery
400:crocheting
356:petiolules
309:region of
284:Midwestern
908:242416562
706:27 August
477:white ash
473:green ash
469:black ash
430:handles,
424:furniture
339:deciduous
327:limestone
311:Tennessee
200:Species:
193:Dipetalae
189:Fraxinus
184:Section:
90:Kingdom:
31:Blue ash
1187:Fraxinus
1133:VASCAN:
1126:23000146
1121:Tropicos
1035:2.134797
999:61919112
973:10457643
960:609183-1
824:Wikidata
630:Archived
604:Archived
416:flooring
404:knitting
392:textiles
305:and the
303:Kentucky
295:Michigan
291:Oklahoma
280:blue ash
177:Fraxinus
166:Oleaceae
162:Family:
156:Lamiales
146:Asterids
133:Eudicots
67:IUCN 3.1
1017:MoBotPF
921:3172370
830:Q882296
436:barrels
408:weaving
360:flowers
319:Ontario
315:Alabama
172:Genus:
152:Order:
94:Plantae
65: (
1095:PLANTS
1061:846441
1022:282940
882:579152
789:22 May
759:22 May
452:tannin
432:crates
410:, and
396:sewing
368:samara
358:. The
351:leaves
278:, the
231:Michx.
1048:56032
986:32947
968:IRMNG
947:54810
895:FRXQU
869:6JLYR
853:APA:
783:(PDF)
572:(PDF)
366:is a
364:fruit
289:from
191:sect.
140:Clade
127:Clade
114:Clade
101:Clade
1146:3649
1136:6732
1108:POWO
1100:FRQU
1069:PfaF
1043:NCBI
1009:1736
994:IUCN
981:ITIS
955:IPNI
929:GRIN
916:GBIF
890:EPPO
856:2724
791:2024
761:2024
708:2018
555:2021
538:2017
481:IUCN
471:and
434:and
428:tool
388:yarn
342:tree
1154:WFO
934:312
903:FNA
877:EoL
864:CoL
731:doi
678:doi
542:doi
494:.
380:dye
301:of
293:to
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698:.
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672:.
658:^
614:^
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514:^
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528:"
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69:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
