1296:, the SFIO was also active in pressing for changes in areas such as education and agriculture. Through the efforts of the SFIO, a comprehensive Farm Law was passed in 1946 which provided that sharecroppers had the right to renew their options at the expiration of their leaseholds and that the owner could repossess the land only if he or his children worked it. In addition, sharecroppers could acquire ownership at low interest rates while those who were forced to leave the land obtained compensation for the improvements that they made on the land. The sharecroppers also had the right to join a marketing cooperative, while their conflicts with owners were to be resolved at arbitration tribunals to which both sides elected an equal number of representatives.
1364:. If the new secretary general was supported by the left wing of the party, he was very hostile to any form of alliance with the PCF. He said that "the Communist Party is not on the Left but in the East". At the beginning of the 1950s, the disagreements with its governmental partners about denominational schools and the colonial problem explained a more critical attitude of the SFIO membership. In 1954, the party was deeply divided about the
43:
1488:
2472:
2413:
2385:
2340:
2312:
2284:
2254:
2164:
2136:
2108:
2080:
2052:
2024:
1996:
1289:
to be taken "to protect workers spraying paint or varnish". An Order of 10 September 1947 laid down the terms in which warnings must be given "of the dangers of benzene poisoning" while a circular of
October 1947 indicated "how such poisoning can be prevented". In addition, a Decree of August 1947 instituted the original measures on health and safety committees.
2225:
156:
1288:
Various measures were also introduced during the SFIO's time in office to improve health and safety in the workplace. An Order of July 1947 prescribed the installation of showers for the use of staff "employed on dirty or unhealthy work" and a decree of August 1947 indicated the special precautions
1284:
passed a law that generalised social security, making it obligatory for the whole population. A number of progressive reforms were also introduced during Paul
Ramadier's tenure as prime minister in 1947, including the extension of social security to government workers the introduction of a national
1299:
In the early years of the French Fourth
Republic, the SFIO played an instrumental role in securing appropriations for 1,000 additional state elementary school teachers and in bringing in bills to extend the national laic school system to kindergarten and nursery school levels. During the spring of
1279:
banks and some industrial companies. While serving in government during the
Forties, the SFIO was partly responsible for setting up the welfare state institutions of the Liberation period and helping to bring about France's economic recovery. In May 1946, the Socialist-led government of
880:, the previous party newspaper, was controlled by the founders of the SFIC. However, Frossard later resigned from the SFIC and rejoined the SFIO in January 1923. One year after the Tours Congress, the CGT trade union made the same split. Those who became Communists created the
749:
In contrast to other
European socialist parties, the SFIO was a decentralised organization. Its national and executive institutions were weakened by the strong autonomy of its members and local levels of the party. Consequently, the function of secretary general, held by
947:
governments. The second Cartel acceded to power in 1932, but this time the SFIO only gave their support without the participation of the
Radicals which allied themselves with right-wing radicals. After years of internal feuds, the reformist wing of the party led by
1229:, secretary general of the SFIO from 1920 to 1940, approved of this policy too. He was excluded from the party when it was reconstituted in 1944. In total, 14 of the 17 SFIO ministers who had been in government before the war were expelled for collaboration.
742:(CGT) proclaimed its independence from political parties at this time and the non-distinction between political and industrial aims. In addition, some CGT members refused to join the SFIO because they considered it extremist. They created the
684:
urged the socialist movement to join the republican movement's struggle to defend republican values. In 1899, another debate polarised the socialist groups, pitted Guesde against Jaures over the participation of the socialist
1096:
also being a member of the latter. Trotsky advised the GBL to break with the SFIO, leading to a confused departure by the
Trotskyists from the SFIO in early 1936, which drew only about six hundred people from the party. The
1403:. Moreover, the SFIO was divided about the repressive policy of Guy Mollet in Algeria and his support to De Gaulle's return. If the party returned in opposition in 1959, it could not prevent the constitution of another
1556:. Maître Vidal became mayor of the town. The congress of the PSS held 4–5 June 1938 decided to reunify with the SFIO. Following that decision, the 11–12 June 1938 congress of the new federation of SFIO was held in
1351:
coalition was constituted by centre-right and centre-left parties, including the SFIO, in order to block the opposition of the
Communists on the one hand, and of the Gaullists on the other. Besides, in spite of
60:
2906:
Chambers
Encyclopaedia new edition, Volume V: Edward-Franks, George Newnes Ltd. 1959, supplementary information 1961, printed and bound in England by Hazel Watson and Viney Ltd., Aylesbury and Slough.
1344:, FEN) chose to gain autonomy towards the two confederations in order to conserve its unity, but SFIO syndicalists took the control of the FEN which became the main training ground of the SFIO party.
2591:
Frankreichs Dritte
Republik in neun Porträts : Leon Gambetta, Jules Ferry, Jean Jaurès, Georges Clemenceau, Aristide Briand, Léon Blum, Edouard Daladier, Philippe Pétain, Charles de Gaulle
4308:
1585:
In 1957, the history of the SFIO in West Africa came to an end. The federations of SFIO in Cameroon, Chad, Moyen-Congo, Sudan, Gabon, Guinea, Niger, Oubangui-Chari and Senegal all met in
4695:
1076:
The Popular Front strategy was adopted in the 1936 French legislative election and the coalition gained a majority, with SFIO obtaining for the first time more votes and seats than the
882:
818:(posters with a Bolshevik with a knife between his teeth were used to discredit the socialist movement). The National Bloc won 70% of the seats, forming what became known as the
3808:
1509:
799:
within France. The assassination of Jaurès on 31 July 1914 was a setback for the pacifist wing of the party and contributed to the massive increase in support for the wartime
1084:
became France's first Socialist prime minister in 1936 while the PCF supported without participation his government. A general strike applauded the socialists' victory while
4304:
3668:
3548:
1073:
party congress of June 1935, the Trotskyists led a campaign to prevent the united front from expanding into a popular front which would include the liberal Radical Party.
662:
1855:
1825:
1795:
1765:
1733:
1703:
803:. Participation in World War I caused divisions within the party which were accentuated after 1917. Furthermore, internal disagreements appeared about the October 1917
4337:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
3929:
3092:
367:
927:
destabilised the government while the divided Radicals did not all support their Socialist allies. The monetary crisis, also due to the refusal of Germany to pay the
4627:
4332:
3895:
2454:
2427:
1447:
3389:
3948:
3664:
1305:
669:. Besides these groups, some politicians declared themselves as independent socialists outside of the political parties. They tended to have moderate opinions.
619:
3403:
1589:
from 11 January to 13 January 1957. At that meeting it was decided that the African federations would break with their French parent organisation and form the
1498:
107:
362:
79:
4347:
3844:
3262:
1579:
3247:
2262:
1380:
1301:
86:
2561:
Dumons, Bruno (2006). "Parachutés et " hommes du cru ": Les réseaux des parlementaires socialistes dans la Saône- et-Loire de l'entre-deux-guerres".
3826:
3482:
1321:
1089:
998:
870:
became secretary general of the SFIO, but its most influential figure was Blum, leader of the parliamentary group and director of a new party paper
739:
3514:
2949:
2589:
858:
and the majority of the Socialists' elected members decided in Blum's words to "keep the old house" and remain within the Second International.
93:
4705:
3682:
3267:
1552:
committee as formed, the SFIO and the PSS branch cooperated. In 1937, a joint list of both the SFIO and the PSS won the municipal elections in
1255:
about the new organisation of the institutions (parliamentary system or presidential government). The SFIO re-emerged and participated in the
4342:
3477:
3242:
2916:
2232:
1225:
and some neosocialists who had split from the SFIO in 1933, participated to the Vichy regime and supported Pétain's policy of collaboration.
705:. During the 1905 Globe Congress, the two groups merged into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) under pressure from the
601:
1368:. Against the instructions of the party lead, the half of the parliamentary group voted against the project and contributed to its failure.
3922:
3543:
3085:
1598:
614:
After the failure of the Paris Commune of 1871, French socialism was severely weakened, with its leaders dead or in exile. During the 1879
75:
4352:
3848:
3831:
3487:
3453:
777:, based on the 1905 Act of separation between church and state. However, they criticized the ferocious repression of strikes by Radical
447:
414:
4669:
4299:
3468:
3302:
3277:
1171:
581:
382:
4252:
4240:
4228:
4216:
4205:
4201:
4191:
4187:
4183:
2959:
2884:
2850:
2789:
2679:
2599:
1885:
1527:
1459:
1443:
1341:
126:
3840:
3674:
3458:
3368:
2448:
2421:
2393:
2365:
2320:
2292:
2205:
2144:
2116:
2088:
2060:
2032:
2004:
1976:
1953:
1662:
1572:
1404:
1376:
1022:
698:
459:
239:
3472:
4358:
3915:
3706:
3078:
2813:
651:
270:
4636:
3821:
3747:
3581:
3375:
1268:
1062:
64:
3410:
100:
1419:
The SFIO received its lowest vote in the 1960s. It was discredited by the contradictory policies of its leaders during the
4700:
4047:
3660:
838:, also known as the Comintern and the Third International, created by the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution. Led by
702:
455:
235:
4663:
4384:
3752:
1929:
1463:
1372:
800:
522:
296:
3836:
3282:
3272:
3219:
1575:
campaign, violence broke out between BDS and SFIO activists. In the end, the BDS won both seats allocated to Senegal.
1329:
1260:
1564:
1042:
4603:
642:
was defined as possibilist because it advocated gradual reforms whereas the POF promoted Marxism. At the same time,
4623:
3812:
3727:
2948:
Walters, David; Johnstone, R.; Frick, Kaj; Quinlan, Michael; Baril-Gingras, Geneviève; Thébaud-Mony, Annie (2011).
2181:
1590:
1568:
1545:
1365:
1124:, when capital flight was an issue, giving rise to the so-called "myth of the 200 families") in the context of the
961:
743:
1304:. The party supported the second proposal prepared with the PCF and the MRP which was approved in an October 1946
53:
3448:
3424:
3292:
1106:
580:(1947–1958). Internationally, the party was first affiliated with the Second International (1905–1916), then the
510:
1117:
had been established following the war of 1914–1918 of attrition and its mobilisation of industrial capacities.
4598:
4520:
4448:
4086:
3938:
3853:
3492:
3382:
1467:
1237:
After the liberation of France in 1944, the PCF became the largest left-wing party and the project to create a
863:
778:
451:
249:
3678:
3417:
1061:
remained ambivalent. The League finally voted to dissolve into the SFIO in August 1934, where they formed the
635:
4710:
4674:
4588:
4552:
4456:
3757:
3620:
3317:
1770:
1630:
1549:
1408:
1384:
1226:
1154:
1098:
928:
867:
835:
792:
690:
585:
552:
498:
387:
4583:
1411:, who was trying to anchor the Radical Party amongst the left-wing movement and opposed the colonial wars.
17:
4657:
4575:
4179:
3967:
3875:
3816:
3803:
3772:
3614:
3508:
3119:
3101:
1860:
1624:
1602:
1541:
1439:
1424:
1420:
1293:
1245:
failed in part due to the disagreements opposing notably the Socialists and the Christian Democrats about
1077:
1018:
906:
887:
847:
843:
811:
791:
During the July 1914 international crisis, the party was ideologically torn between its membership in the
727:
569:
544:
344:
4129:
4480:
3559:
1423:. Youth and the intellectual circles preferred the PSU and workers the PCF. The French Fifth Republic's
1400:
1132:. The demoralised left fell apart and was unable to resist the collapse of the Third Republic after the
1102:
981:
965:
697:, who had directed the bloody repression of the Paris Commune. In 1902, Guesde and Vaillant founded the
647:
605:
31:
4560:
3334:
1431:
managed to gather enough people from the left and the right to govern without the other parties' help.
964:(USR). The Cartel was again the victim of parliamentary instability while various scandals led to the
4376:
4224:
4212:
4023:
3889:
3782:
3693:
3608:
3463:
2492:
1618:
1553:
1348:
1021:(PCF) got closer to the SFIO, the USR and the Radical Party to form the coalition that would win the
804:
751:
706:
577:
467:
463:
377:
354:
309:
2781:
Public Management of Society: Rediscovering French Institutional Engineering in the European Context
1434:
Furthermore, the SFIO hesitated between allying with the non-Gaullist centre-right (as advocated by
1088:
cried "Tout est possible!" ("Everything is possible!"), but Pivert would later split and create the
4432:
3526:
3213:
3135:
3129:
3125:
2526:
Friedman, Gerald (1990). "Capitalism, Republicanism, Socialism, and the State: France, 1871-1914".
1708:
1207:
1194:. In 1942–1943, Pétain's regime judged the French Third Republic by organising a public trial, the
993:
973:
940:
872:
731:
694:
686:
643:
490:
419:
4565:
4055:
2923:
1324:(CGT) union. This was relatively weakened by the 1948 creation of a social-democratic trade union
1300:
1946, the SFIO reluctantly supported the constitutional plans of the PCF. They were rejected by a
657:
In the 1880s, the FTSF saw their first electoral success, winning control of some municipalities.
3869:
3574:
3060:
3041:
2732:
2724:
2652:
2644:
2543:
1285:
minimum wage and the granting from April 1947 onwards of allowances to all aged persons in need.
939:
succeeded each other as prime minister until 1926, when the French right came back to power with
911:
886:(United General Confederation of Labour; CGTU) which fused again with the CGT in 1936 during the
781:
615:
565:
536:
409:
339:
329:
324:
4504:
1149:
916:
1320:
prevented the French left from forming a united front. The Communists had taken control of the
4488:
4400:
4161:
4145:
3737:
3297:
3155:
2955:
2880:
2846:
2785:
2716:
2675:
2636:
2595:
1396:
1337:
1325:
1252:
1242:
1167:
1129:
899:
482:
289:
4536:
4496:
4440:
4121:
4007:
3777:
3344:
3323:
3201:
3189:
2708:
2628:
2570:
2535:
2505:
1609:
from 9 February to 10 February 1957 the same year. Two SFIO delegates attended the session.
1199:
1163:
1125:
1093:
1050:
1010:
977:
932:
768:
314:
3699:
3361:
760:
560:
277:
4632:
4472:
4416:
4392:
3307:
1890:
1435:
1392:
1238:
1187:
1175:
1046:
953:
943:. The newly elected Communist deputies also opposed the first Cartel, refusing to support
936:
839:
506:
435:
4236:
4039:
3151:
1333:
891:
785:
661:
and some FTSF members criticised the focus on electoral goals. In 1890, they created the
2951:
Regulating Workplace Risks: A Comparative Study of Inspection Regimes in Times of Change
489:, who quickly became the united party's most influential figure. Other leaders included
4544:
4528:
4512:
4464:
4105:
3991:
3741:
3712:
3688:
3257:
3225:
3195:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3147:
2632:
1830:
1800:
1594:
1458:
events and the electoral disaster of June 1968. Defferre was the SFIO candidate in the
1438:) and reconciliation with the Communists. Mollet refused to choose. The SFIO supported
1317:
1281:
1222:
1215:
1183:
1179:
1133:
1114:
1085:
1054:
1006:
949:
924:
831:
755:
681:
680:
believed socialists should not intervene in this internal conflict of the bourgeoisie,
673:
666:
540:
525:
486:
454:. The SFIO was founded during the 1905 Globe Congress in Paris as a merger between the
171:
1462:. He was eliminated in the first round, with only 5% of votes. One month later at the
894:
was the CGT's main leader until 1947 and the new split leading to the creation of the
784:
after 1906, following the creation of a Minister of Labour, a post held by PRS leader
4689:
4424:
4197:
4137:
4113:
4097:
4074:
4031:
4015:
3999:
3983:
3975:
3655:
3567:
3339:
3141:
2736:
2697:"The French Left and the Rif War, 1924-25: Racism and the Limits of Internationalism"
2656:
2498:
1740:
1446:
even if he was not a member of the party. The SFIO and the Radicals then created the
1313:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1256:
1110:
987:
Following 6 February 1934 crisis, which the whole of the socialist movement saw as a
859:
851:
850:(SFIC). Another smaller group also favoured membership in the Comintern, but not all
658:
627:
609:
494:
2817:
1247:
773:
4408:
4248:
4153:
3959:
3787:
3732:
3632:
3329:
1636:
1471:
1357:
1211:
1191:
1159:
1145:
1058:
1026:
1014:
1002:
957:
677:
639:
623:
589:
478:
163:
1353:
1203:
1081:
855:
4060:
2874:
2840:
2779:
2750:
3882:
3717:
3520:
3396:
2487:
1451:
1030:
735:
573:
518:
349:
42:
2712:
1120:
Within a year, Blum's government collapsed over economic policy (as during the
3721:
3638:
3431:
3312:
3207:
1642:
1388:
1361:
1195:
1038:
920:
815:
796:
723:
529:
502:
176:
2720:
2640:
1391:
took the lead of the cabinet, but he led a very repressive policy. After the
919:(1924–1926 and 1932), but they did not participate. The first Cartel saw the
754:
until 1918, was essentially administrative and the real political leader was
4652:
3762:
969:
944:
895:
631:
548:
304:
810:
In 1919, the anti-war socialists were heavily defeated in elections by the
634:) left the federation, which they considered too moderate, and founded the
1312:, the Communist ministers were excluded from the cabinet led by Socialist
3907:
3070:
2574:
1557:
1428:
1309:
1070:
2648:
2616:
1198:, of personalities accused of having caused the country's defeat in the
665:(POSR). Their main objective was to win power through the tactic of the
3767:
3286:
3064:
3045:
2547:
1586:
1034:
988:
771:
governments, although they supported a part of its policy, notably the
474:
2728:
2696:
1455:
991:
conspiracy to overthrow the Republic, a goal pursued by the royalist
2539:
1427:
had been tailored by Charles de Gaulle to satisfy his needs and his
1109:. The terms included a blanket 7–12% wage increase and allowed for
588:(1951–1969). The SFIO's symbol was a red and black circle with the
1606:
834:
on 25 December 1920, a majority of SFIO members voted to join the
259:
2752:
Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923–1940
1567:
broke away from the Senegalese federation of SFIO and formed the
450:
that was founded in 1905 and succeeded in 1969 by the modern-day
3051:
MacGibbon, D. A. (February 1911). "French Socialism Today: II".
976:
resigned on the next day, handing out the power to conservative
3911:
3563:
3074:
1190:, later mayor of Marseilles for years, participated along with
155:
3032:
MacGibbon, D. A. (January 1911). "French Socialism Today: I".
1578:
In 1956, another SFIO splinter group appeared in Senegal, the
1481:
36:
2917:"Protection of the health of workers in places of employment"
2588:
Fuchs, Günther; Scholze, Scholze; Zimmermann, Detlev (2004).
984:
that a government had to resign because of street pressure.
654:(CRC) which represented the French revolutionary tradition.
1605:. The first meeting of the leading committee of MSA met in
1375:
became the major issue of the political debate. During the
1308:. However, the coalition split in May 1947. Because of the
2755:. Berlin: Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften (in German).
1271:'s programme, installing the main elements of the French
1152:
in July 1940, following which the latter proclaimed the
1005:
organisations were created. The Comintern abandoned its
915:
coalition. They supported the government led by Radical
558:
Between 1909 and 1920, the SFIO published the newspaper
1505:
1387:, who advocated a peaceful resolution of the conflict.
758:, president of the parliamentary group and director of
722:
The new SFIO party was hemmed between the middle-class
701:
while Jaurès, Allemane and the possibilists formed the
905:
In both 1924 and 1932, the Socialists joined with the
814:
coalition which played on the middle-classes' fear of
517:) following Germany's declaration of war on France in
1332:. This split was led by former CGT secretary general
931:, caused parliamentary instability. Édouard Herriot,
2986:
Ideology and Politics: The Socialist Party of France
2766:
Contemporary France: Politics and Society Since 1945
2617:"Ideology and Tactics of the French Socialist Party"
1148:
who refused to vote extraordinary powers to Marshal
1136:
in the military defeat of 1940 during World War II.
1053:
was the most supportive of Trotsky's proposal while
1049:) were divided over the issue of entering the SFIO.
767:
Unlike the PRS, SFIO members did not participate in
532:, as did other members of the Second International.
4645:
4616:
4368:
4320:
4263:
4172:
4085:
3947:
3862:
3796:
3648:
3599:
3536:
3501:
3441:
3353:
3235:
3110:
2778:Van der Eyden, T.; Van Der Eyden, A. P. J. (2003).
1259:alliance with the PCF and the Christian-democratic
394:
373:
361:
335:
323:
295:
285:
265:
255:
245:
231:
213:
195:
185:
162:
141:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2764:Hanley, D. L.; Kerr, A. P.; Waites, N. H. (1984).
1241:-based political party rallying the non-Communist
1158:reactionary program and the establishment of the
1025:and bring about the Popular Front. In June 1934,
4338:Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance
3469:Federation of Marxist-Leninist Circles in France
2842:Workers' Participation in Post-liberation France
1540:The SFIO suffered a split in Senegal in 1934 as
1454:coalition led by Mitterrand. It split after the
4333:Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left
3896:Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left
1448:Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left
956:split from the SFIO in November 1933 to form a
676:caused debate in the socialist movement. While
1170:and they eventually went on to be part of the
535:Because of conflicting views towards the 1917
440:Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière
147:Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière
76:"French Section of the Workers' International"
3923:
3809:Socialist Party of France – Jean Jaurès Union
3665:Federation of the Socialist Workers of France
3575:
3086:
2980:
2978:
2814:"Historique de la Securite Sociale francaise"
2594:. Leipziger Universitätsverlag. p. 148.
1597:party. The Senegalese section of MSA was the
1033:into the SFIO, the origin of the strategy of
960:movement and merged with the PRS to form the
848:French Section of the Communist International
620:Federation of the Socialist Workers of France
564:. In French politics, it affiliated with the
462:in order to create the French section of the
8:
4696:French Section of the Workers' International
4328:French Section of the Workers' International
3592:French Section of the Workers' International
3253:French Section of the Workers' International
555:; while the minority continued as the SFIO.
432:French Section of the Workers' International
144:French Section of the Workers' International
3019:. Dakar: Editions Clairafrique (in French).
2879:. Cambridge University Press. p. 293.
1466:, the SFIO was refounded as the modern-day
497:, Karl Marx's son in law. The SFIO opposed
30:"SFIO" redirects here. For other uses, see
18:French Section of the Workers International
4348:Union of Clubs for the Renewal of the Left
3930:
3916:
3908:
3845:Union of Clubs for the Renewal of the Left
3582:
3568:
3560:
3473:Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of France
3404:La Bretagne ouvrière, paysanne et maritime
3093:
3079:
3071:
2672:The red flag : a history of communism
1580:Socialist Movement of the Senegalese Union
1166:, an important part also took part in the
1144:A number of SFIO members were part of the
883:Confédération générale du travail unitaire
154:
138:
3248:List of French Communist Party congresses
2984:Codding Jr., George A.; Safran, William.
1661:
1528:Learn how and when to remove this message
1383:, a centre-left coalition led by Radical
1328:(FO) which was supported by the American
1113:(two weeks) and a 40-hour work week. The
866:refused to align themselves with Moscow.
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
3483:Convention for a Progressive Alternative
3004:La vie politique sénégalaise (1789–1940)
2816:. Global Action on Aging. Archived from
2180:
2177:
1928:
1925:
1658:
1340:three years later. The teachers' union (
539:, the SFIO split in two during the 1920
3515:French Committee of National Liberation
2998:
2996:
2994:
2518:
1499:not related to the topic of the article
1407:(PSU) in 1960, joined the next year by
3669:Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party
3390:L'Enchaîné du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais
3268:Mouvement Jeunes Communistes de France
663:Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party
4343:Convention of Republican Institutions
3827:Workers and Peasants' Socialist Party
3243:History of the French Communist Party
1470:. Mollet passed on the leadership to
1379:campaign, the party took part in the
1090:Workers and Peasants' Socialist Party
826:Communist split and the Popular Front
602:France in the long nineteenth century
7:
1599:Senegalese Party of Socialist Action
618:, workers' associations created the
65:adding citations to reliable sources
4353:Union of Socialist Groups and Clubs
3849:Union of Socialist Groups and Clubs
3488:Pole of Communist Revival in France
980:. It was the first time during the
505:, although the party abandoned its
3478:Workers' Communist Party of France
3303:National Council of the Resistance
3278:National Front (French Resistance)
3015:Nzouankeu, Jacques Mariel (1984).
2633:10.1111/j.1477-7053.1977.tb00663.x
1172:National Council of the Resistance
582:Labour and Socialist International
383:Labour and Socialist International
25:
1663:Presidency of the French Republic
1460:1969 French presidential election
1444:1965 French presidential election
1342:Federation for National Education
466:, designated as the party of the
3369:Le Travailleur de Lot-et-Garonne
3017:Les partis politiques sénégalais
2471:
2470:
2412:
2411:
2384:
2383:
2339:
2338:
2311:
2310:
2283:
2282:
2253:
2252:
2223:
2163:
2162:
2135:
2134:
2107:
2106:
2079:
2078:
2051:
2050:
2023:
2022:
1995:
1994:
1573:1951 French legislative election
1486:
1377:1956 French legislative election
1023:1936 French legislative election
41:
2701:Journal of Contemporary History
1322:General Confederation of Labour
1128:and also over the issue of the
1105:, and removed all obstacles to
740:General Confederation of Labour
693:'s cabinet, which included the
652:Central Revolutionary Committee
52:needs additional citations for
3822:Internationalist Workers Party
3748:National Council of Resistance
3376:Le Travailleur du Centre Ouest
2224:
1269:National Council of Resistance
1263:(MRP). This coalition led the
1:
4706:1905 establishments in France
3683:Socialist Revolutionary Party
3002:Zuccarelli, François (1988).
1508:or discuss this issue on the
1399:and the establishment of the
1395:, he supported the return of
1356:'s support, the party leader
1047:International Left Opposition
4385:Issy-les-Moulineaux Congress
3753:Issy-les-Moulineaux Congress
3053:Journal of Political Economy
3034:Journal of Political Economy
1464:Issy-les-Moulineaux Congress
1373:Algerian War of Independence
801:government of national unity
584:(1923–1940) and finally the
547:, the French Section of the
521:, sacrificing its ideals of
4628:Socialist group, associated
3837:Union of the Socialist Left
3283:Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
3273:Union of Communist Students
3006:. Paris: CHEAM (in French).
2954:. Edward Elgar Publishing.
2876:A Concise History of France
1330:Central Intelligence Agency
1261:Popular Republican Movement
1162:. Although some engaged in
1045:(the French section of the
622:(FTSF). Three years later,
4727:
4048:Jean-Christophe Cambadélis
3832:Democratic Socialist Party
3813:Socialist Republican Union
3454:Workers and Peasants Party
2784:. IOS Press. p. 224.
2713:10.1177/002200949102600101
2670:Priestland, David (2009).
1591:African Socialist Movement
1569:Senegalese Democratic Bloc
1546:Senegalese Socialist Party
1544:broke away and formed the
1366:European Defense Community
1067:Groupe Bolchevik-Leniniste
962:Socialist Republican Union
744:Republican-Socialist Party
732:revolutionary syndicalists
718:Foundation and early years
599:
543:: the majority became the
29:
3675:Socialist Party of France
3449:Socialist-Communist Union
3293:Union of Russian Patriots
2971:– via Google Books.
2749:Kowalski, Werner (1985).
2674:. New York: Grove Press.
2621:Government and Opposition
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1601:(PSAS) and it was led by
1548:(PSS). As the Senegalese
764:, the party's newspaper,
699:Socialist Party of France
511:national union government
460:Socialist Party of France
448:political party in France
405:
374:International affiliation
363:European Parliament group
240:Socialist Party of France
153:
27:Political party in France
4637:Socialist and Republican
4553:Second Toulouse Congress
4521:Second Grenoble Congress
4449:Bourg-en-Bresse Congress
3493:Movement of Progressives
3383:Le Travailleur du Loiret
1292:During the years of the
1063:Bolshevik-Leninist Group
822:(Blue Horizon Chamber).
509:views and supported the
485:tendency represented by
477:tendency represented by
146:
4173:Presidential candidates
3841:Unified Socialist Party
3758:Revolutionary socialism
3459:Proletarian Unity Party
3318:Institut Maurice Thorez
2839:Steinhouse, A. (2001).
2351:No. of 1st round votes
1405:Unified Socialist Party
1360:was defeated in aid of
1099:Matignon Accords (1936)
1092:(PSOP), with historian
929:World War I reparations
836:Communist International
793:Socialist International
691:Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau
638:(POF). The FTSF led by
586:Socialist International
553:Communist International
388:Socialist International
325:Political position
201:; 119 years ago
4658:Desires for the Future
4576:Aubervilliers Congress
4264:Presidential primaries
3940:French Socialist Party
3817:National Popular Rally
3804:French Communist Party
3661:French Socialist Party
3615:Ludovic-Oscar Frossard
3425:Les Lettres Françaises
3120:Ludovic-Oscar Frossard
3103:French Communist Party
2695:Slavin, David (1991).
2615:Lieber, Nancy (1977).
2528:Social Science History
1861:Marcel-Edmond Naegelen
1655:Presidential elections
1625:Ludovic-Oscar Frossard
1593:(MSA), an independent
1336:, who was granted the
1294:French Fourth Republic
1251:and the conflict with
1210:and the conservatives
1057:was opposed to it and
1019:French Communist Party
854:. The minority led by
844:Ludovic-Oscar Frossard
703:French Socialist Party
545:French Communist Party
514:
456:French Socialist Party
439:
236:French Socialist Party
219:; 55 years ago
4584:Villeurbanne Congress
4481:Grande Arche Congress
3679:French Workers' Party
3418:Le Prolétaire normand
1917:Legislative elections
1565:Léopold Sédar Senghor
1497:may contain material
1401:French Fifth Republic
1103:collective bargaining
982:French Third Republic
972:leagues. The Radical
966:6 February 1934 riots
820:Chambre bleue horizon
648:Louis Auguste Blanqui
636:French Workers' Party
606:French Third Republic
600:Further information:
576:(1944–1947), and the
528:in favor of national
32:SFIO (disambiguation)
4701:Second International
4617:Parliamentary groups
4377:Alfortville Congress
3783:Democratic socialism
3694:Second International
3537:Parliamentary groups
3464:French Popular Party
2575:10.3917/pox.076.0121
2493:History of socialism
2354:% of 1st round vote
1506:improve this section
1409:Pierre Mendès France
1385:Pierre Mendès France
1155:Révolution nationale
898:union confederation
805:Bolshevik Revolution
707:Second International
473:The SFIO united the
464:Second International
378:Second International
336:National affiliation
310:Democratic socialism
61:improve this article
4664:New Socialist Party
4369:National congresses
4180:François Mitterrand
3968:François Mitterrand
3728:Matignon Agreements
3214:Marie-George Buffet
2845:. Lexington Books.
2820:on 10 December 2015
1930:Chamber of Deputies
1922:Chamber of Deputies
1613:General secretaries
1440:François Mitterrand
1371:Progressively, the
846:, they created the
695:Marquis de Gallifet
687:Alexandre Millerand
630:(the son-in-law of
4599:Marseille Congress
2929:on 9 November 2015
2873:Price, R. (1993).
2453:3,660,250 (in the
2426:4,224,110 (in the
1571:(BDS). During the
1221:At the same time,
1122:Cartel des gauches
1107:union organisation
912:Cartel des Gauches
782:Georges Clemenceau
734:who dominated the
672:In the 1890s, the
616:Marseille Congress
537:Russian Revolution
410:Politics of France
199:25 April 1905
4683:
4682:
4624:National Assembly
4561:Poitiers Congress
4489:Bordeaux Congress
4457:Toulouse Congress
4401:Grenoble Congress
4225:François Hollande
4162:Bernard Cazeneuve
4146:Jean-Marc Ayrault
4024:François Hollande
3950:First Secretaries
3905:
3904:
3738:French Resistance
3601:General Secretary
3557:
3556:
3544:National Assembly
3298:French Resistance
3112:General Secretary
2479:
2478:
2182:National Assembly
2174:National Assembly
2171:
2170:
1914:
1913:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1397:Charles de Gaulle
1338:Nobel Peace Prize
1253:Charles de Gaulle
1130:Spanish Civil War
646:and the heirs of
572:(1936–1938), the
568:(1924–1934), the
483:social-democratic
468:workers' movement
428:
427:
415:Political parties
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
4718:
4666:
4609:
4607:
4594:
4592:
4579:
4571:
4569:
4556:
4548:
4540:
4537:Le Mans Congress
4532:
4524:
4516:
4508:
4500:
4497:Bourget Congress
4492:
4484:
4476:
4468:
4460:
4452:
4444:
4441:Valence Congress
4436:
4433:Créteil Congress
4428:
4420:
4412:
4404:
4396:
4388:
4380:
4321:Related articles
4313:
4312:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4256:
4244:
4232:
4220:
4165:
4157:
4149:
4141:
4133:
4130:Pierre Bérégovoy
4125:
4117:
4109:
4101:
4089:
4078:
4070:
4064:
4051:
4043:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4011:
4008:Henri Emmanuelli
4003:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3951:
3941:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3909:
3778:Social democracy
3649:Related articles
3602:
3593:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3561:
3411:La Voix de l'Est
3335:Marxism–Leninism
3324:Programme commun
3236:Related articles
3202:Georges Marchais
3190:Georges Marchais
3113:
3104:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3072:
3020:
3013:
3007:
3000:
2989:
2982:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2922:. Archived from
2921:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2775:
2769:
2762:
2756:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2523:
2506:Tunis-Socialiste
2474:
2473:
2466:
2439:
2415:
2414:
2407:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2227:
2226:
2219:
2178:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2026:
2025:
2018:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1967:
1926:
1709:Édouard Vaillant
1659:
1650:Election results
1533:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1513:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1381:Republican Front
1218:, among others.
1208:Édouard Daladier
1202:. They included
1200:Battle of France
1164:collaborationism
1126:Great Depression
1051:Raymond Molinier
1043:Communist League
1017:directives. The
1011:social democracy
994:Action Française
978:Gaston Doumergue
974:Édouard Daladier
941:Raymond Poincaré
862:, Léon Blum and
795:and the wave of
644:Édouard Vaillant
523:internationalist
491:Édouard Vaillant
400:
315:Social democracy
246:Merged into
227:
225:
220:
209:
207:
202:
158:
139:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4662:
4646:Former factions
4641:
4612:
4601:
4597:
4586:
4582:
4574:
4563:
4559:
4551:
4543:
4535:
4527:
4519:
4511:
4505:Liévin Congress
4503:
4495:
4487:
4479:
4473:Rennes Congress
4471:
4463:
4455:
4447:
4439:
4431:
4423:
4417:Nantes Congress
4415:
4407:
4399:
4393:Epinay Congress
4391:
4383:
4375:
4364:
4316:
4302:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4259:
4247:
4235:
4223:
4211:
4168:
4160:
4152:
4144:
4136:
4128:
4120:
4112:
4104:
4096:
4088:Prime Ministers
4087:
4081:
4073:
4058:
4054:
4046:
4038:
4030:
4022:
4014:
4006:
3998:
3990:
3982:
3974:
3966:
3958:
3949:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3906:
3901:
3858:
3854:Socialist Party
3792:
3644:
3609:Louis Dubreuilh
3600:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3558:
3553:
3532:
3497:
3437:
3349:
3308:May 1947 crises
3231:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3029:
3027:Further reading
3024:
3023:
3014:
3010:
3001:
2992:
2983:
2976:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2932:
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2926:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2823:
2821:
2812:Paul, Susanne.
2811:
2810:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2763:
2759:
2748:
2744:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2540:10.2307/1171436
2525:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2484:
2467:
2464:
2440:
2437:
2408:
2405:
2380:
2377:
2335:
2332:
2307:
2304:
2279:
2276:
2264:
2249:
2246:
2234:
2220:
2217:
2176:
2159:
2156:
2131:
2128:
2103:
2100:
2075:
2072:
2047:
2044:
2019:
2016:
1991:
1988:
1968:
1965:
1924:
1919:
1891:Gaston Defferre
1735:
1657:
1652:
1619:Louis Dubreuilh
1615:
1534:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1503:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1468:Socialist Party
1436:Gaston Defferre
1421:Fourth Republic
1417:
1393:May 1958 crisis
1235:
1233:Fourth Republic
1188:Gaston Defferre
1176:Pierre Fourcaud
1150:Philippe Pétain
1142:
1069:, GBL). At the
1041:leaders of the
954:Pierre Renaudel
937:Aristide Briand
923:terrorised and
917:Édouard Herriot
840:Boris Souvarine
828:
752:Louis Dubreuilh
720:
715:
612:
598:
515:Union nationale
507:anti-militarist
452:Socialist Party
424:
398:
386:
381:
368:Socialist Group
353:
348:
343:
319:
275:
250:Socialist Party
238:
223:
221:
218:
217:4 May 1969
205:
203:
200:
190:
181:
149:
148:
145:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4724:
4722:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4688:
4687:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4675:Socialist Left
4672:
4667:
4660:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4630:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4595:
4580:
4572:
4557:
4549:
4545:Reims Congress
4541:
4533:
4529:Dijon Congress
4525:
4517:
4513:Brest Congress
4509:
4501:
4493:
4485:
4477:
4469:
4465:Lille Congress
4461:
4453:
4445:
4443:(October 1981)
4437:
4435:(January 1981)
4429:
4421:
4413:
4405:
4397:
4389:
4381:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4245:
4233:
4221:
4213:Ségolène Royal
4209:
4195:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4158:
4150:
4142:
4134:
4126:
4118:
4110:
4106:Laurent Fabius
4102:
4093:
4091:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4077:(2018–present)
4071:
4052:
4044:
4036:
4028:
4020:
4012:
4004:
3996:
3992:Laurent Fabius
3988:
3980:
3972:
3964:
3955:
3953:
3945:
3944:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3912:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3893:
3887:
3879:
3873:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3806:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3742:Brutus Network
3735:
3730:
3725:
3715:
3713:Tours Congress
3710:
3703:
3696:
3691:
3689:Globe Congress
3686:
3672:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3605:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3564:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3529:(2008–present)
3524:
3518:
3512:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3258:Tours Congress
3255:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3228:(2018–present)
3226:Fabien Roussel
3223:
3220:Pierre Laurent
3217:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3196:Waldeck Rochet
3193:
3187:
3184:Waldeck Rochet
3181:
3178:Maurice Thorez
3175:
3172:Jacques Duclos
3169:
3166:Maurice Thorez
3163:
3160:Maurice Thorez
3156:Benoît Frachon
3145:
3139:
3133:
3123:
3116:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3049:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3008:
2990:
2974:
2960:
2940:
2908:
2899:
2885:
2865:
2851:
2831:
2804:
2790:
2770:
2757:
2742:
2687:
2680:
2662:
2627:(4): 455–473.
2607:
2600:
2580:
2553:
2534:(2): 151–174.
2517:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2490:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2468:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2259:
2258:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2048:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1831:Vincent Auriol
1828:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1801:Albert Bedouce
1798:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1741:Gustave Delory
1738:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1614:
1611:
1536:
1535:
1494:
1492:
1485:
1479:
1478:African splits
1476:
1416:
1413:
1326:Workers' Force
1318:Anti-communism
1234:
1231:
1216:Georges Mandel
1206:, the Radical
1184:Brutus Network
1141:
1138:
1134:fall of France
1115:eight-hour day
1086:Marceau Pivert
1055:Pierre Naville
1007:social-fascism
925:capital flight
900:Workers' Force
832:Tours Congress
827:
824:
779:prime minister
719:
716:
714:
711:
674:Dreyfus affair
667:general strike
597:
594:
541:Tours Congress
526:class struggle
426:
425:
423:
422:
417:
412:
406:
403:
402:
396:
392:
391:
375:
371:
370:
365:
359:
358:
337:
333:
332:
327:
321:
320:
318:
317:
312:
307:
301:
299:
293:
292:
290:Workers' Force
287:
283:
282:
267:
263:
262:
257:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:
233:
232:Merger of
229:
228:
215:
211:
210:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
180:
179:
174:
168:
166:
160:
159:
151:
150:
143:
142:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4723:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4665:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4605:
4600:
4596:
4590:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4567:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4425:Metz Congress
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4310:
4306:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4198:Lionel Jospin
4196:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4138:Lionel Jospin
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4122:Édith Cresson
4119:
4115:
4114:Michel Rocard
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4098:Pierre Mauroy
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4084:
4076:
4075:Olivier Faure
4072:
4068:
4062:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4032:Martine Aubry
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4016:Lionel Jospin
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
4000:Michel Rocard
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3984:Pierre Mauroy
3981:
3977:
3976:Lionel Jospin
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3946:
3942:
3933:
3928:
3926:
3921:
3919:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3876:Popular Front
3874:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3656:Paris Commune
3654:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3598:
3594:
3585:
3580:
3578:
3573:
3571:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3509:Popular Front
3507:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3345:Cité Gagarine
3343:
3341:
3340:Eurocommunism
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3142:Pierre Semard
3140:
3137:
3136:Louis Sellier
3134:
3131:
3130:Albert Treint
3127:
3126:Louis Sellier
3124:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3109:
3105:
3096:
3091:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3066:
3062:
3059:(2): 98–110.
3058:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3018:
3012:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2963:
2961:9780857931658
2957:
2953:
2952:
2944:
2941:
2925:
2918:
2912:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2888:
2886:9780521368094
2882:
2878:
2877:
2869:
2866:
2854:
2852:9780739102831
2848:
2844:
2843:
2835:
2832:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2805:
2793:
2791:9781586032913
2787:
2783:
2782:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2746:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2688:
2683:
2681:9780802189790
2677:
2673:
2666:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2601:9783937209876
2597:
2593:
2592:
2584:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2519:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2469:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2410:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2382:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2357:No. of seats
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2337:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2309:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2281:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2251:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2222:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2197:No. of seats
2196:
2193:
2191:No. of votes
2190:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2161:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2133:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2105:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2077:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2021:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1945:No. of seats
1944:
1941:
1939:No. of votes
1938:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1916:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1550:Popular Front
1547:
1543:
1532:
1529:
1521:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1495:This section
1493:
1484:
1483:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1314:Paul Ramadier
1311:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1277:nationalising
1274:
1273:welfare state
1270:
1266:
1265:social policy
1262:
1258:
1257:three-parties
1254:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1178:created with
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1111:paid vacation
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1094:Daniel Guérin
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:Radical Party
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:proposed the
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1009:directive of
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
995:
990:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
968:organised by
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
946:
942:
938:
934:
933:Paul Painlevé
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
913:
908:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
888:Popular Front
885:
884:
879:
875:
874:
869:
865:
864:Albert Thomas
861:
860:Marcel Sembat
857:
853:
852:21 conditions
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
825:
823:
821:
817:
813:
812:National Bloc
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
789:
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776:
775:
770:
765:
763:
762:
757:
753:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
728:Radical Party
725:
717:
712:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
659:Jean Allemane
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:Paul Lafargue
625:
621:
617:
611:
610:Paris Commune
607:
603:
595:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
570:Popular Front
567:
563:
562:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
495:Paul Lafargue
492:
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397:
393:
389:
384:
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369:
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364:
360:
356:
351:
346:
345:Popular Front
341:
338:
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328:
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316:
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308:
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117:December 2022
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
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81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4409:Pau Congress
4359:Le Populaire
4357:
4327:
4249:Anne Hidalgo
4237:Benoît Hamon
4154:Manuel Valls
4066:
4056:Rachid Temal
4040:Harlem Désir
3960:Alain Savary
3881:
3870:Lefts Cartel
3788:Neosocialism
3733:The Vichy 80
3707:Le Populaire
3705:
3698:
3633:Daniel Mayer
3626:
3590:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3354:Publications
3330:Unitary Left
3322:
3263:Headquarters
3252:
3152:Pierre Célor
3056:
3052:
3040:(1): 36–46.
3037:
3033:
3016:
3011:
3003:
2985:
2965:. Retrieved
2950:
2943:
2931:. Retrieved
2924:the original
2911:
2902:
2890:. Retrieved
2875:
2868:
2856:. Retrieved
2841:
2834:
2822:. Retrieved
2818:the original
2807:
2795:. Retrieved
2780:
2773:
2765:
2760:
2751:
2745:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2671:
2665:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2590:
2583:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2504:
2497:
1637:Daniel Mayer
1603:Lamine Guèye
1584:
1577:
1562:
1542:Lamine Guèye
1539:
1524:
1515:
1504:Please help
1496:
1472:Alain Savary
1433:
1425:constitution
1418:
1370:
1358:Daniel Mayer
1346:
1334:Léon Jouhaux
1298:
1291:
1287:
1267:inspired by
1246:
1236:
1220:
1212:Paul Reynaud
1192:Daniel Mayer
1160:Vichy regime
1153:
1143:
1140:World War II
1121:
1119:
1075:
1066:
1059:Pierre Frank
1027:Leon Trotsky
1015:united front
1013:in favor of
1003:anti-fascist
992:
986:
958:neosocialist
910:
904:
892:Léon Jouhaux
890:government.
881:
877:
873:Le Populaire
871:
829:
819:
809:
790:
786:René Viviani
772:
766:
759:
748:
736:trade unions
721:
678:Jules Guesde
671:
656:
650:founded the
640:Paul Brousse
624:Jules Guesde
613:
590:Three Arrows
559:
557:
534:
479:Jules Guesde
472:
443:
431:
429:
340:Lefts Cartel
281:(until 1920)
276:
271:Le Populaire
269:
256:Headquarters
189:Jules Guesde
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
4711:Jean Jaurès
4602: [
4587: [
4564: [
4387:(July 1969)
4303: [
4164:(2016–2017)
4156:(2014–2016)
4148:(2012–2014)
4140:(1997–2002)
4132:(1992–1993)
4124:(1991–1992)
4116:(1988–1991)
4108:(1984–1986)
4100:(1981–1984)
4059: [
4050:(2014–2017)
4042:(2012–2014)
4034:(2008–2012)
4026:(1997–2008)
4018:(1995–1997)
4010:(1994–1995)
4002:(1993–1994)
3994:(1992–1993)
3986:(1988–1992)
3978:(1981–1988)
3970:(1971–1981)
3962:(1969–1971)
3898:(1965–1968)
3892:(1947–1958)
3890:Third Force
3886:(1944–1947)
3883:Tripartisme
3878:(1936–1938)
3872:(1924–1934)
3797:Derivatives
3773:Possibilism
3718:French Turn
3641:(1946−1969)
3635:(1943−1946)
3629:(1940−1943)
3623:(1920−1940)
3617:(1918−1920)
3611:(1905−1918)
3523:(1997–2002)
3521:Plural Left
3517:(1940–1947)
3511:(1936–1938)
3442:Derivatives
3397:Front rouge
3222:(2010–2018)
3216:(2001–2010)
3210:(1994–2001)
3204:(1972–1994)
3192:(1969–1972)
3186:(1964–1969)
3180:(1953–1964)
3174:(1950–1953)
3168:(1930–1950)
3162:(1929–1930)
3148:Henri Barbé
3144:(1924–1929)
3132:(1923–1924)
3122:(1921–1923)
2892:22 February
2858:11 February
2824:11 February
2797:11 February
2707:(1): 5–32.
2488:French Left
1736:(September)
1645:(1946−1969)
1639:(1943−1946)
1633:(1920−1940)
1627:(1918−1920)
1621:(1905−1918)
1595:pan-African
1554:Saint-Louis
1452:centre-left
1349:Third Force
1282:Félix Gouin
1223:Marcel Déat
1180:Félix Gouin
1031:French Turn
950:Marcel Déat
830:During the
807:in Russia.
756:Jean Jaurès
682:Jean Jaurès
578:Third Force
574:Tripartisme
566:Left Cartel
519:World War I
499:colonialism
487:Jean Jaurès
390:(1951–1969)
385:(1923–1940)
380:(1905–1916)
357:(1947–1958)
355:Third Force
352:(1944–1947)
350:Tripartisme
347:(1936–1938)
342:(1924–1934)
286:Trade union
274:(from 1918)
191:Jean Jaurès
172:Jean Jaurès
4690:Categories
4379:(May 1969)
4067:ad interim
3722:Trotskyism
3700:L'Humanité
3639:Guy Mollet
3621:Paul Faure
3527:Left Front
3432:Pif Gadget
3362:L'Humanité
3208:Robert Hue
2933:17 October
2569:(4): 121.
2499:L'A. O. F.
2398:2,298,729
2370:3,167,354
2325:3,247,431
2297:2,894,001
2269:3,433,901
2265:(November)
2239:4,187,747
2210:4,561,411
2194:% of vote
2149:1,955,306
2121:1,964,384
2093:1,708,972
2065:1,814,000
2037:1,728,663
2009:1,413,044
1981:1,110,561
1942:% of vote
1895:1 133 222
1771:Paul Faure
1678:2nd round
1675:1st round
1672:Candidate
1643:Guy Mollet
1631:Paul Faure
1450:(FGDS), a
1389:Guy Mollet
1362:Guy Mollet
1306:referendum
1302:referendum
1243:Resistance
1227:Paul Faure
1196:Riom Trial
1168:Resistance
1039:Trotskyist
997:and other
921:right-wing
902:(CGT-FO).
878:L'Humanité
868:Paul Faure
816:Bolshevism
797:patriotism
761:L'Humanité
596:Background
561:L'Humanité
530:patriotism
503:militarism
278:L'Humanité
224:1969-05-04
206:1905-04-25
177:Guy Mollet
87:newspapers
4670:Royalists
4653:Aubryists
3863:Alliances
3763:Blanquism
2737:162339547
2721:0022-0094
2657:144702684
2641:0017-257X
2513:Footnotes
2438:114 / 491
2305:107 / 625
2277:102 / 627
2247:128 / 586
2218:134 / 522
2157:149 / 610
2129:132 / 607
2101:100 / 604
2073:104 / 581
2017:103 / 595
1563:In 1948,
1510:talk page
1354:Léon Blum
1204:Léon Blum
1186:in which
1082:Léon Blum
1001:leagues,
999:far-right
970:far-right
945:bourgeois
896:reformist
856:Léon Blum
769:Left Bloc
632:Karl Marx
549:Bolshevik
513:(French:
481:with the
420:Elections
330:Left-wing
305:Socialism
266:Newspaper
214:Dissolved
2649:44482172
2482:See also
2465:57 / 487
2406:65 / 491
2378:40 / 576
2333:95 / 595
2045:67 / 613
1989:75 / 595
1966:54 / 585
1958:877,221
1518:May 2019
1429:Gaullism
1310:Cold War
1146:Vichy 80
1071:Mulhouse
907:Radicals
730:and the
724:liberals
458:and the
446:) was a
297:Ideology
186:Founders
3768:Marxism
3502:Related
3287:FTP-MOI
3065:1820604
3046:1820482
2563:Politix
2548:1171436
2360:Change
2200:Change
1948:Change
1587:Conakry
1442:to the
1415:Decline
1248:laïcité
1101:set up
1035:entrism
989:fascist
909:in the
774:laïcité
746:(PRS).
726:of the
713:History
475:Marxist
395:Colours
222: (
204: (
196:Founded
101:scholar
4633:Senate
4608:(2023)
4593:(2021)
4578:(2018)
4570:(2015)
4555:(2012)
4547:(2008)
4539:(2005)
4531:(2003)
4523:(2000)
4515:(1997)
4507:(1994)
4499:(1993)
4491:(1992)
4483:(1991)
4475:(1990)
4467:(1987)
4459:(1985)
4451:(1983)
4427:(1979)
4419:(1977)
4411:(1975)
4403:(1973)
4395:(1971)
3627:Vacant
3549:Senate
3198:(1972)
3138:(1924)
3063:
3044:
2958:
2883:
2849:
2788:
2735:
2729:260628
2727:
2719:
2678:
2655:
2647:
2639:
2598:
2546:
2235:(June)
2152:19.86
2124:20.51
2096:18.05
2068:20.10
2040:21.22
2012:16.76
1984:13.15
1877:37.77
1868:17.24
1838:51.19
1808:16.70
1778:14.67
1692:Votes
1683:Votes
1456:May 68
1239:labour
1037:. The
738:. The
608:, and
436:French
399:
164:Leader
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
4606:]
4591:]
4568:]
4311:]
4063:]
3061:JSTOR
3042:JSTOR
2967:4 May
2927:(PDF)
2920:(PDF)
2733:S2CID
2725:JSTOR
2653:S2CID
2645:JSTOR
2544:JSTOR
2460:16.5
2433:19.0
2401:12.5
2373:15.5
2348:Year
2328:15.3
2300:15.4
2272:17.9
2242:21.1
2213:23.8
2188:Year
1961:9.95
1936:Year
1898:5.01
1748:8.78
1725:8.03
1716:7.27
1698:Rank
1689:Rank
1669:Year
1607:Dakar
1558:Thiès
551:-led
260:Paris
108:JSTOR
94:books
4300:2021
4293:2017
4286:2011
4279:2006
4272:1995
4253:2022
4241:2017
4229:2012
4217:2007
4206:2002
4202:1995
4192:1988
4188:1981
4184:1974
3681:and
3667:and
3313:MRAP
3158:and
3128:and
2969:2018
2956:ISBN
2935:2015
2894:2015
2881:ISBN
2860:2015
2847:ISBN
2826:2015
2799:2015
2786:ISBN
2717:ISSN
2676:ISBN
2637:ISSN
2596:ISBN
2455:FGDS
2449:1968
2428:FGDS
2422:1967
2394:1962
2366:1958
2321:1956
2293:1951
2263:1946
2233:1946
2206:1945
2145:1936
2117:1932
2089:1928
2061:1924
2033:1919
2005:1914
1977:1910
1954:1906
1901:4th
1886:1969
1880:2nd
1874:329
1871:1st
1865:160
1856:1953
1841:1st
1835:452
1826:1947
1811:2nd
1805:151
1796:1939
1781:2nd
1775:114
1766:1932
1751:2nd
1734:1920
1728:3rd
1719:3rd
1704:1913
1214:and
1182:the
952:and
935:and
842:and
626:and
501:and
493:and
444:SFIO
430:The
80:news
2709:doi
2629:doi
2571:doi
2536:doi
2475:57
2416:18
2388:55
2343:12
2287:26
2167:17
2139:32
2083:36
2055:34
2027:27
1999:21
1745:69
1722:69
1713:63
689:in
401:Red
63:by
4692::
4635::
4626::
4604:fr
4589:fr
4566:fr
4309:es
4307:;
4305:fr
4204:,
4190:,
4186:,
4061:fr
3847:/
3843:/
3839:/
3815:/
3811:/
3471:/
3154:,
3150:,
3057:19
3055:.
3038:19
3036:.
2993:^
2977:^
2731:.
2723:.
2715:.
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2703:.
2699:.
2651:.
2643:.
2635:.
2625:12
2623:.
2619:.
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2565:.
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2530:.
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2430:)
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2257:6
2111:4
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