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349:. On 14 October, Louis-Napoleon asked the Parliament to restore universal male suffrage but the request was turned down. His request for a reconsideration of the constitutional reform proposal was also turned down on 13 November. Prepared to strike, Louis-Napoleon appointed General Saint-Arnaud as the Minister of War and a circular was issued reminding soldiers of their pledge of "
313:, led by Thiers, concluded an alliance with the far left to oppose Louis-Napoleon's plans. In January 1851, the Parliament voted no confidence in the Ministère des Commis. On 19 July, it refused the constitutional reform proposed by Louis-Napoleon, also scrapping universal male suffrage in an effort to break popular support for Bonaparte.
419:. Top opposition leaders were arrested and six edicts promulgated to establish the rule of Louis-Napoleon. The National Assembly was dissolved, and universal male suffrage restored. Louis-Napoleon declared that a new constitution was being framed and said he intended to restore the "system established by the First Consul".
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was organised to ratify the new order and the coup was portrayed as a security operation. On 20 and 21 December, the French population were recorded as having voted for acceptance of the new regime by an overwhelming majority of 7,145,000 to 600,000, although the official tally and free nature of the
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was adopted in
January 1852. It dramatically expanded the powers of the president, who was elected for a period of 10 years with no term limits. He not only possessed executive power, but was vested with the power of legislative initiative, thereby reducing the scope of the Parliament. Bonaparte was
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even declared itself administered by a "Committee of
Resistance" but the army, still loyal to the President, succeeded in quelling the rebellion. A total of 32 departments were put under a state of alert from 8 December and the rebellious areas were controlled in a few days. Opponents were arrested
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The provisions of the constitution that prohibited an incumbent president from seeking re-election appeared to force the end of Louis-Napoleon's rule in
December 1852. He therefore spent the first half of 1851 trying to force changes to the constitution through Parliament so he could be re-elected.
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was among the rebels and was expelled from France. By evening, the revolt of Paris was suppressed and the city returned to normal. According to Victor Hugo the killings on 4 December were arbitrary and anybody visible to the soldiers was shot at or bayoneted including women and children.
573:, Emperor of the French. The 1851 constitution concentrated so much power in Louis-Napoléon's hands that when the Empire was proclaimed, the only substantive changes to the document were to replace the word "president" with the word "emperor" and make the post hereditary.
301:, a dissident in the Party of Order, thereby provoking an open conflict within the party. He also actively encouraged the creation of numerous anti-parliament newspapers and acquired the support of 150 members of Parliament, the "Parti de l'
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had called him a "cretin whom we will lead "), he proved himself an agile and cunning politician. He succeeded in imposing his choices and decisions upon the
Assembly, which had once again become conservative in the aftermath of the
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Bonaparte travelled through the provinces and organised petitions to rally popular support. Two-thirds of the
General Council supported Louis-Napoleon's cause, but in the Assembly, supporters of the
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The coup triggered revolts in other places across France. On 5 December, rebellions were reported in big cities, small towns and rural areas in the south-west of France. The department of
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Louis-Napoléon
Bonaparte (right), with the bust of Napoleon I behind him, delivers instructions to his conspirators in the night of 1 to 2 December. Depicted, from left to right:
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353:". Followers of the President were appointed to various important positions: General Magnan as the Commander of the Troops of Paris, and Maupas, Prefect of
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previously abolished by the legislature. The continuation of his authority and the power to produce a new constitution were approved days later by a
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The authoritarian republic proved to be only a stopgap, as
Bonaparte immediately set about restoring the Empire. In less than a year, following
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automatically reelected to a fresh term as president. For all intents and purposes, he now held all governing power in the nation.
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The coup d'état was meticulously planned from 20 August 1851. Preparations and planning for this coup took place at
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was killed, and on 4 December 200 more people fell victim to the suppression of the revolt. The
Italian journalist
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was proclaimed. Again on the symbolic and historic date of 2 December, President Louis-Napoléon
Bonaparte became
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erupted despite tight control by the army. The insurgents were soon defeated. On 3 December parliamentarian
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Proclamations of the decree issued by the president and executed by his
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for complete texts (6 Décrets, « Appel au peuple », et « Appel à l'Armée »)
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Faced with the prospect of having to leave office in 1852, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (nephew of
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through universal male suffrage, taking 74% of the vote. He did this with the support of the
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became Marshals of France on 11 December. A new constitution was being drafted. A
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Reacting to this coup, parliamentarians took refuge in the mayor's office of the
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La résistance au coup d'état du 2 décembre 1851 dans les départements et à Paris
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in 1848. He broke away from the control of the Party of Order and created the
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December 2, 1851: contemporary writings on the coup d'etat of Louis Napoleon
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in the barricades of Paris on 3 December, where he was killed by coup forces
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in 1805, as the day for the coup. The operation was christened
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546:. Bonaparte now had the power to draft a new constitution.
388:'s cavalry in the streets of Paris during the coup d'état
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as its head, in 1849. On 3 January 1850, he dismissed
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French Peasants in Revolt: The Insurrection of 1851
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464:and some were forced to flee. Victor Hugo fled to
910:Napoléon Charles, Prince of Canino and Musignano
671:Coup d'État du 2 décembre 1851 sur Herodote.net
329:, were placarded throughout Paris on 2 December
829:Charles Lucien, Prince of Canino and Musignano
206:and timed to coincide with the anniversary of
27:Coup d'état staged by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
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895:Joseph Lucien, Prince of Canino and Musignano
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411:occupied strategic points in Paris, from the
345:(Louis-Napoléon's half-brother), and General
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991:Marie, Princess George of Greece and Denmark
529:were finally assured of a victory. Generals
407:On the morning of 2 December, troops led by
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190:staged by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (later
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1555:Acting presidents are denoted by italics.
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809:Zénaïde, Princess of Canino and Musignano
698:Wikisource:Coup d'État du 2 décembre 1851
656:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
950:Princess Marie Letizia, Duchess of Aosta
542:vote were questioned by dissidents like
43:This article includes a list of general
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341:(a loyal companion of Louis-Napoléon),
261:, Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte was elected
996:Marie Clotilde, Countess Serge de Witt
915:Roland, Prince of Canino and Musignano
900:Lucien, Prince of Canino and Musignano
759:Lucien, Prince of Canino and Musignano
514:, published in the Belgian edition of
174:Downfall of the French Second Republic
7:
1583:1850s coups d'état and coup attempts
448:Ferdinando Petruccelli della Gattina
925:Napoléon, Prince Imperial of France
905:Augusta, Princess Placido Gabrielli
824:Charlotte, Princess Mario Gabrielli
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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874:Mathilde, Princess of San Donato
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986:Eugénie, Princess of La Moskowa
764:Elisa, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
623:John Burt Halsted, ed. (1972).
18:French coup d'état of 1851
774:Pauline, Princess of Guastalla
337:. Among the conspirators were
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93:Coup d'état of 2 December 1851
1:
347:Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud
688:L'année 1851 sur www.19e.org
424:20th arrondissement of Paris
277:) of the National Assembly.
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496:Peace returns and aftermath
377:The coup of 2 December 1851
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317:Preparations for the coup
235:constitutional referendum
214:, the coup dissolved the
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565:on 7 November 1852, the
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677:Autour de Décembre 1851
610:Margadant, Ted (1979).
504:Parody of the painting
231:universal male suffrage
208:Napoleon I's coronation
171:enacted in January 1852
64:more precise citations.
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679:, Revue d'histoire du
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567:Second French Empire
553:in December 1851, a
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401:Jean-Baptiste Baudin
291:Ministère des Commis
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220:Second French Empire
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1150:Patrice de MacMahon
849:Louis II of Holland
834:Prince Louis Lucien
683:siècle (n° 22)
520:Is she really dead?
486:Franco-Prussian War
430:and moderates like
263:President of France
237:, resulting in the
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161:Dissolution of the
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769:Louis I of Holland
563:another referendum
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1544:2017–present
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1235:Émile Loubet
854:Napoléon III
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637:Hugo, Victor
626:
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110:Saint-Arnaud
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1500: [
1483: [
1469:Alain Poher
1458: [
1444:Alain Poher
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1378:(1947–1958)
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1337:Paul Doumer
1327: [
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1218:Félix Faure
1208: [
1191: [
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1157: [
1140: [
1126:(1870–1940)
1109: [
1095:(1848–1852)
819:Napoléon II
544:Victor Hugo
484:during the
436:Victor Hugo
335:Saint-Cloud
299:Changarnier
247:regnal name
62:introducing
1608:Self-coups
1567:Categories
754:Napoléon I
651:Marx, Karl
577:References
551:referendum
539:referendum
397:Montagnard
212:Austerlitz
198:under the
70:April 2021
45:references
1534:2012–2017
1524:2007–2012
1514:1995–2007
1497:1981–1995
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1472:(interim)
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1402:René Coty
1389:1947–1954
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512:Delaroche
417:Tuileries
188:self-coup
653:(1852).
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531:Vaillant
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138:Location
106:Mocquard
535:Harispe
490:Cayenne
468:, then
428:Remusat
415:to the
399:deputy
367:Rubicon
275:députés
156:Outcome
58:improve
482:regime
470:Jersey
303:Elysée
253:Causes
186:was a
141:France
118:Fialin
47:, but
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114:Morny
1290:1920
533:and
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438:and
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182:The
130:Date
116:and
681:XIX
510:by
476:at
305:".
257:In
1569::
1502:fr
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