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French ironclad Richelieu

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386: 31: 126: 49: 764:, but they reduced her speed to a maximum of 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) and as a result were not considered successful. The ship was placed back in reserve in 1886 and became flagship of the Reserve Squadron on 8 September 1892, which, despite its name, consisted of ships in commission. The squadron conducted exercises from June to August 1892 in French waters. 648:. They fired a shell weighing about 500 g (1.1 lb) at a muzzle velocity of about 610 m/s (2,000 ft/s) to a range of about 3,200 meters (3,500 yd). They had a rate of fire of about 30 rounds per minute. The hull was not recessed to enable any of the guns on the battery deck to fire forward or aft. However, the guns mounted in the barbettes 699:
of 1870–71 coupled with the outdated work practices of the French dockyards at the time, which were not suitable for the Industrial Age. The ship began her sea trials on 12 April 1875, but did not begin her service with the Mediterranean Squadron, of which she became flagship, until 10 February 1876.
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departed Toulon on 28 January 1911. She was under tow in the Bay of Biscay, having left the Mediterranean for the first time in her existence, when a storm caused the tugboat to cast her loose. The ship remained afloat and was subsequently recovered near the Scilly Isles, or drifted on to rocks in
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to port in 10.75 meters (35.3 ft) of water; she lay on her barbettes almost at a 90° angle. In order to salvage her, all accessible guns, ammunition, masts, armor and movable decks were removed and the equivalent weight was placed in the ship's
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in 1869 and launched on 3 December 1873. While the exact reason for such prolonged construction time is not known, it was probably due to financial pressures caused by slashing of French Navy's budget which was cut after the
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armour at the muzzle. The armor-piercing shell of the 19-caliber 240-millmeter Modele 1870 gun weighed 317.5 pounds (144.0 kg) while the gun itself weighed 15.41 long tons (15.66 t). It had a
675:. The sides and the transverse bulkheads of the battery itself were armored with 160 millimeters (6.3 in) of wrought iron. The barbettes were unarmored, but the 740:
was repaired and returned to service as the flagship of the Mediterranean Squadron on 8 October 1881 where she remained until 1886. The squadron made port visits in
1454: 2006: 1986: 1112: 417: 409: 150: 601:. The ship's secondary armament consisted of ten 120-millimeter (4.7 in) guns. These were later replaced by six 138-millimeter (5.4 in) guns. 385: 1530: 597:, with her six 274-millimeter (10.8 in) guns on the battery deck below the barbettes. One 240-millimeter gun was mounted in the forecastle as a 1461: 652:
out over the sides of the hull did have some ability to fire fore and aft. Late in the ship's career four above-water 356-millimeter (14.0 in)
1645: 485:. As a central battery ironclad she had her armament concentrated amidships. Like most ironclads of her era she was equipped with a plough-shaped 1019: 1828: 1669: 1121: 559:(24.4 km/h; 15.2 mph). She carried 640 metric tons (630 long tons) of coal which allowed her to steam for approximately 3,300 1206: 1081: 1041: 1000: 1254: 965: 730:
were attached to the starboard side to prevent the ship from rolling too far the other way. After an hour and a half of lifting,
1475: 1468: 612:, 476.2-pound (216.0 kg) shell while the gun itself weighed 22.84 long tons (23.21 t). The gun fired its shell at a 1981: 1105: 633:. The 138-millimeter gun was 21 calibers long and weighed 2.63 long tons (2.67 t). It fired a 61.7-pound (28.0 kg) 1996: 1523: 1303: 1234: 782: 609: 1865: 1282: 625:
of 1,624 ft/s (495 m/s) and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal 14.4 inches (366 mm) of
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of 1,424 ft/s (434 m/s) and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal 14.3 inches (360 mm) of
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and had to be cast loose from her tugboat. Nevertheless, the ship survived the storm and was recovered near the
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de Balincourt, Captain; Vincent-Bréchignac, Captain (1975). "The French Navy of Yesterday: Ironclad Frigates".
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was condemned on 5 March 1900, but was not immediately sold. After having been sold to Dutch ship breakers,
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that projected 10 feet (3.0 m) from her hull. Her crew numbered around 750 officers and men. The
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to lower her center of gravity. A sheer hulk was moved to her port side and cables were connected to
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and, after being repaired, resumed her role as flagship. In 1886, however, the ship was placed in
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At some point the ship received eight, and then later ten more, 37-millimeter (1.5 in)
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of 8.5 meters (27 ft 11 in) and displaced 8,984 metric tons (8,842 long tons).
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that had a muzzle velocity of 1,529 ft/s (466 m/s). The guns could fire both
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caught fire and had to be scuttled to prevent her magazines from exploding. The ship
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s intermediate armament of four 240-millimeter (9.4 in) guns was mounted in
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had been righted to a 45° angle; a subsequent effort completed the job.
1419: 922:. National Marine Engineers Beneficial Association of the United States 649: 528: 320:(6,100 km; 3,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) 745: 691: 160: 408:
in the early 1870s. She was named after the 17th century statesman
1059:(1). Toledo, OH: International Naval Records Organization: 10–37. 773:
the Scilly Isles, and towed to Amsterdam where she was broken up.
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of the ship was very low, a little above 1.5 feet (0.5 m).
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The Development of a Modern Navy: French Naval Policy 1871–1904
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and was eventually condemned in 1901. While being towed to the
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horizontal return connecting rod compound steam engines
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The ship measured 101.7 meters (333 ft 8 in)
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Horizontal return connecting rod compound steam engines
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was protected by 10 mm (0.4 in) of armor.
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French Navy's wooden-hulled central battery ironclad
1742: 1548: 1445: 1417: 1334: 1314: 1245: 1176: 1128: 1051:Saibene, Marc (1995). "The Redoubtable, Part III". 460:from where she was towed to her final destination. 988: 991:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905 593:on the upper deck, one gun at each corner of the 700:She was placed in reserve on 3 December 1879. 1524: 1106: 1012:French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914 8: 703:While in Toulon harbor on 29 December 1880, 667:had a complete 220-millimeter (8.7 in) 851:de Balincourt and Vincent-BrĂ©chignac, p. 28 1531: 1517: 1509: 1113: 1099: 1091: 1541:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1880 539:. Her engines were powered by eight oval 424:caught on fire in Toulon in 1880 and was 389:Before being broken up in Amsterdam, 1911 1036:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. 608:274-millimeter ModĂ©le 1870 gun fired an 19:For other ships with the same name, see 793: 504:of 17.4 meters (57 ft 1 in). 344:10 × 1 - 120 mm (4.7 in) guns 338:6 × 1 - 274 mm (10.8 in) guns 1074:Directory of the World's Capital Ships 920:"American Marine Engineer March, 1911" 341:5 × 1 - 240 mm (9.4 in) guns 25: 847: 845: 843: 841: 839: 837: 835: 833: 831: 829: 571:with three masts, then cut down to a 122: 7: 2007:Ironclad warships of the French Navy 995:. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. 819: 817: 807: 805: 803: 801: 799: 797: 237:101.7 m (333 ft 8 in) 1987:Maritime incidents in December 1880 974:. Portsmouth, England: J. Griffin. 229:8,984 metric tons (8,842 long tons) 527:to make her more maneuverable for 245:17.4 m (57 ft 1 in) 14: 952:(4). Akron, OH: F.P.D.S.: 26–29. 646:Hotchkiss 5-barrel revolving guns 531:. She had two Indret 3-cylinder 124: 47: 29: 1076:. New York: Hippocrene Books. 987:Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1979). 475:as an improved version of the 1: 1072:Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). 873:. Navweps.com. 15 August 2008 783:List of large sailing vessels 452:was caught in a storm in the 523:was given two propellers by 1122:Ironclad warships of France 547:the engines produced 4,600 371:: 100 mm (3.9 in) 365:: 160 mm (6.3 in) 359:: 220 mm (8.7 in) 308:(24 km/h; 15 mph) 2023: 748:in 1884 before sailing to 377:: 10 mm (0.4 in) 18: 1940: 1486: 1336:Coastal defense ironclads 1178:Central battery ironclads 1010:Roberts, Stephen (2021). 930:– via Haithi Trust. 210: 117: 37: 28: 535:, each driving a single 432:from exploding. She was 420:for most of her career. 402:central battery ironclad 220:Central battery ironclad 756:for exercises. In 1885 253:8.5 m (28 ft) 211:General characteristics 1014:. Barnsley: Seaforth. 641:and explosive shells. 464:Design and description 418:Mediterranean Squadron 390: 1982:Ships built in France 1053:Warship International 971:The Naval Annual 1887 722:on the other side of 410:Cardinal de Richelieu 388: 151:Cardinal de Richelieu 21:French ship Richelieu 1997:Shipwrecks of France 1493:Single ship of class 551:(3,400 kW) and 549:indicated horsepower 400:was a wooden-hulled 1130:Broadside ironclads 946:F.P.D.S. Newsletter 891:Ropp, pp. 31, 55–58 697:Franco-Prussian War 525:Henri Dupuy de LĂŽme 473:Henri Dupuy de LĂŽme 412:. The ship was the 1447:Floating batteries 1316:Casemate ironclads 1247:Barbette ironclads 900:Saibene, pp. 11–12 823:Silverstone, p. 65 491:metacentric height 391: 1962: 1961: 1506: 1505: 1021:978-1-5267-4533-0 760:tested Bullivant 690:was laid down at 383: 382: 73:Succeeded by 2014: 2002:Scuttled vessels 1955: 1948: 1932: 1926: 1920: 1914: 1908: 1901: 1895: 1889: 1883: 1876: 1870: 1864: 1858: 1852: 1846: 1839: 1833: 1827: 1821: 1814: 1808: 1802: 1796: 1789: 1783: 1777: 1771: 1765: 1759: 1753: 1734: 1728: 1722: 1716: 1710: 1704: 1698: 1692: 1686: 1680: 1674: 1668: 1662: 1656: 1650: 1644: 1638: 1632: 1626: 1620: 1614: 1607: 1601: 1595: 1589: 1583: 1577: 1571: 1565: 1559: 1543: 1533: 1526: 1519: 1510: 1208:La GalissonniĂšre 1115: 1108: 1101: 1092: 1087: 1068: 1047: 1025: 1006: 994: 983: 961: 932: 931: 929: 927: 916: 910: 907: 901: 898: 892: 889: 883: 882: 880: 878: 867: 861: 858: 852: 849: 824: 821: 812: 811:Gardiner, p. 288 809: 588: 471:was designed by 395:French ironclad 132: 129: 128: 127: 53: 51: 50: 33: 26: 2022: 2021: 2017: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2012: 2011: 1967: 1966: 1963: 1958: 1951: 1944: 1936: 1935: 1924: 1923: 1912: 1911: 1899: 1898: 1887: 1886: 1874: 1873: 1862: 1861: 1850: 1849: 1837: 1836: 1825: 1824: 1812: 1811: 1800: 1799: 1787: 1786: 1775: 1774: 1763: 1762: 1751: 1750: 1743:Other incidents 1738: 1737: 1726: 1725: 1714: 1713: 1702: 1701: 1690: 1689: 1678: 1677: 1666: 1665: 1654: 1653: 1642: 1641: 1630: 1629: 1618: 1617: 1605: 1604: 1593: 1592: 1581: 1580: 1569: 1568: 1557: 1556: 1544: 1539: 1537: 1507: 1502: 1482: 1441: 1418:Large armoured 1413: 1330: 1310: 1241: 1172: 1124: 1119: 1084: 1071: 1050: 1044: 1028: 1022: 1009: 1003: 986: 966:Brassey, Thomas 964: 943: 940: 935: 925: 923: 918: 917: 913: 908: 904: 899: 895: 890: 886: 876: 874: 869: 868: 864: 860:Brassey, p. 477 859: 855: 850: 827: 822: 815: 810: 795: 791: 779: 685: 662: 635:explosive shell 623:muzzle velocity 614:muzzle velocity 586: 581: 518: 466: 428:to prevent her 265:(3,400 kW) 258:Installed power 178:3 December 1873 170:1 December 1869 130: 125: 123: 48: 46: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2020: 2018: 2010: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1969: 1968: 1960: 1959: 1957: 1956: 1949: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1921: 1909: 1896: 1884: 1871: 1859: 1847: 1834: 1822: 1809: 1797: 1784: 1772: 1760: 1747: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1723: 1711: 1699: 1687: 1675: 1663: 1651: 1639: 1627: 1615: 1602: 1590: 1578: 1566: 1553: 1552: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1538: 1536: 1535: 1528: 1521: 1513: 1504: 1503: 1501: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1481: 1480: 1473: 1466: 1459: 1451: 1449: 1443: 1442: 1440: 1439: 1432: 1424: 1422: 1415: 1414: 1412: 1411: 1404: 1397: 1390: 1383: 1376: 1369: 1362: 1355: 1348: 1340: 1338: 1332: 1331: 1329: 1328: 1320: 1318: 1312: 1311: 1309: 1308: 1305:Charles Martel 1301: 1294: 1287: 1280: 1273: 1266: 1259: 1256:Amiral DuperrĂ© 1251: 1249: 1243: 1242: 1240: 1239: 1232: 1225: 1218: 1211: 1204: 1197: 1190: 1182: 1180: 1174: 1173: 1171: 1170: 1163: 1156: 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Retrieved 914: 905: 896: 887: 875:. Retrieved 865: 856: 769: 765: 762:torpedo nets 757: 737: 736: 731: 723: 718: 704: 702: 687: 686: 669:wrought iron 664: 663: 656:were added. 643: 627:wrought iron 618:wrought iron 603: 583: 582: 573:schooner rig 564: 552: 520: 519: 505: 495: 477: 468: 467: 458:Scilly Isles 449: 421: 396: 394: 392: 275:2 shafts, 2 226:Displacement 194:5 March 1900 140: 77: 65: 1719:Baton Rouge 1695:Eliza Adams 1611:Manco CĂĄpac 1574:Resurgam II 1456:DĂ©vastation 1236:DĂ©vastation 1167:Belliqueuse 877:22 December 406:French Navy 261:4,600  61:Preceded by 55:French Navy 1992:Ship fires 1977:1873 ships 1971:Categories 1780:Lady Tyler 1549:Shipwrecks 1325:Rochambeau 1229:Redoutable 938:References 926:4 December 671:waterline 639:solid shot 545:sea trials 516:Propulsion 325:Complement 295:Square rig 270:Propulsion 1903:HMS  1878:SMS  1843:Iron Duke 1841:HMS  1830:Covadonga 1818:Wolverine 1816:HMS  1793:Iron Duke 1791:HMS  1731:Richelieu 1671:Covadonga 1499:Cancelled 1477:Embuscade 1470:Arrogante 1215:Richelieu 1201:Friedland 1065:0043-0374 980:669097244 789:Footnotes 770:Richelieu 766:Richelieu 758:Richelieu 754:Cherbourg 738:Richelieu 732:Richelieu 724:Richelieu 705:Richelieu 688:Richelieu 665:Richelieu 650:sponsoned 599:chase gun 591:barbettes 584:Richelieu 565:Richelieu 553:Richelieu 537:propeller 521:Richelieu 506:Richelieu 500:, with a 483:ironclads 469:Richelieu 450:Richelieu 448:in 1911, 446:Amsterdam 430:magazines 422:Richelieu 397:Richelieu 369:Bulkheads 291:Sail plan 202:Sold for 183:Completed 167:Laid down 141:Richelieu 102:Completed 97:1876–1900 89:1869–1876 66:Friedland 43:Operators 1917:Teutonia 1905:Himalaya 1707:Scindian 1635:Wanganui 1598:Atalanta 1463:Palestro 1420:gunboats 1408:Henri IV 1401:Bouvines 1394:Jemmapes 1366:Tonnerre 1352:Onondaga 1277:Terrible 1160:Provence 1146:Couronne 1032:(1987). 968:(1888). 958:41554533 777:See also 742:Tangiers 709:capsized 579:Armament 434:salvaged 426:scuttled 414:flagship 333:Armament 175:Launched 147:Namesake 110:Scrapped 1900:30 Nov: 1892:Silesia 1888:12 Nov: 1875:28 Oct: 1867:Livadia 1851:c. Aug: 1838:30 Jul: 1805:Advance 1801:c. May: 1788:30 May: 1756:Silesia 1752:17 Feb: 1727:29 Dec: 1715:26 Dec: 1691:29 Oct: 1679:15 Oct: 1667:13 Sep: 1655:26 Aug: 1647:Alianza 1643:c. Jun: 1631:20 Jun: 1619:11 Jun: 1594:c. Feb: 1582:26 Feb: 1570:25 Feb: 1558:21 Jan: 1436:AchĂ©ron 1387:Furieux 1380:Tonnant 1373:TempĂȘte 1359:CerbĂšre 1345:Taureau 1298:Marceau 1222:Colbert 1153:Magenta 719:Sibylle 683:Service 606:caliber 604:The 18- 595:battery 541:boilers 529:ramming 498:overall 438:reserve 416:of the 363:Battery 283:boilers 281:8 oval 157:Builder 118:History 78:Colbert 1953:1881 → 1946:← 1879 1929:Ferret 1863:9 Oct: 1855:Jeddah 1826:8 Jun: 1776:6 May: 1764:3 Mar: 1703:3 Nov: 1683:Alpena 1606:8 Jun: 1270:Vauban 1263:Bayard 1139:Gloire 1080:  1063:  1040:  1018:  999:  978:  956:  746:Lisbon 692:Toulon 631:muzzle 480:-class 316:3,300 234:Length 161:Toulon 131:France 52:  1429:FusĂ©e 1291:Hoche 1194:OcĂ©an 1057:XXXII 750:Brest 714:holds 660:Armor 587:' 557:knots 543:. On 510:draft 478:OcĂ©an 351:Armor 313:Range 306:knots 301:Speed 250:Draft 204:scrap 86:Built 80:class 1925:Unk: 1913:Nov: 1880:Möwe 1813:May: 1609:BAP 1187:Alma 1078:ISBN 1061:ISSN 1038:ISBN 1016:ISBN 997:ISBN 976:OCLC 954:OCLC 928:2020 879:2009 752:and 744:and 728:cork 677:deck 673:belt 502:beam 393:The 375:Deck 357:Belt 242:Beam 216:Type 206:1911 199:Fate 137:Name 950:III 487:ram 444:in 328:750 304:13 263:ihp 1973:: 1055:. 948:. 828:^ 816:^ 796:^ 575:. 1532:e 1525:t 1518:v 1496:X 1490:S 1114:e 1107:t 1100:v 1086:. 1067:. 1046:. 1024:. 1005:. 982:. 960:. 881:. 113:1 105:1 23:.

Index

French ship Richelieu

French Navy
Friedland
Colbert class
Cardinal de Richelieu
Toulon
scrap
Central battery ironclad
ihp
Horizontal return connecting rod compound steam engines
boilers
Square rig
knots
nautical miles
Belt
Battery
Bulkheads
Deck

central battery ironclad
French Navy
Cardinal de Richelieu
flagship
Mediterranean Squadron
scuttled
magazines
salvaged
reserve
ship breakers

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