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62:
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997:
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2018:
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684:
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621:
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664:
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73:
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in the arts. Their shift in music commenced the beginning of the romantic era in musical history. The revolts in France at the time, created an environment of hostility and uneasiness, forcing many opera writers to look to France's past in order to portray a sense of unification for the French commoners. In many senses, these operas, and musical settings played political roles in being able to pass on political beliefs on topics, in order to evoke a greater sense of unity in the viewers, believing that many others saw the causes as they personally did.
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2059:(1762–1853). The motifs were usually symbols of empire, including crowns and laurel wreaths, medals, lyres, horns of plenty, and classical heads seen in profile. Rooms sometimes had the walls draped in fabric, representing the tents of an army on campaign. Interiors and furniture often featured classical columns carved of wood. Egyptian motifs and mythical beasts from antiquity, such as the
503:
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1115:, begun in 1761 but abandoned during the Revolution, into a "Temple of Glory" dedicated to Napoleon's army. This project was abandoned in 1813 after a series of defeats; it became a church again, but was not completed until 1843. Napoleon also added a neoclassical façade with twelve Corinthian columns to the facade of the
1767:
The effects on
Neoclassicism in art are very spotted through artworks and sculptures, but when it comes to music, it is at times overlooked. With the emergence of new ideals, and the shift towards independence from the crown, French society began to see a change in architecture and design, as well as
941:
with exaggerated neoclassical buildings arranged in circles around a central "temple", where the director's home and office was placed. He also designed several rotundas for the new customs barriers installed around Paris between 1785–89. These barriers became highly unpopular (due to the taxes, not
557:
like those the Place de la
Concorde, often featured grand arcades on the street level, and classical pediments or balustrades on the roofline. Ornamental features sometimes included curving wrought-iron balconies with undulating rocaille designs, similar to the rocaille decoration of the interiors.
556:
at
Versailles (1764). Over the course of the reign of Louis XV, while interiors were lavishly decorated, the façades gradually became simpler, less ornamented and more classical. The façades Gabriel designed were carefully rhymed and balanced by rows of windows and columns, and, on large buildings
2308:
The furniture craft was upended by the French
Revolution; the aristocratic clients fled, and the furniture of the royal palaces was sold in enormous auctions; a large part went abroad. One positive development for furniture-makers was the abolition of the old guild rules; after 1791 the makers of
2324:
The last leading furniture designer for Louis XVI, Georges Jacob, formed a new firm with his two brothers, and, between 1796 and 1803, became the most prominent designer of the later neoclassical period. He made an effort to find classical forms that were more authentic. The type of Greek chair
1831:
tells the story of the strength of the people and army, in this scenario of their strength against the
Austrian and Prussian troops. Uniting them through a renewal of both baroque and classical music, it is not of the glorious history of France, but of the resilience of its people who fought, and
2353:
in 1798, Egyptian designs, in stylized geometric form, appeared on furniture. Gilded bronze ornaments of extremely fine craftsmanship were made in Paris workshops and exported to the royal houses of Europe. The continual
European wars and blockades made it difficult to import exotic woods, and
2103:
legs and cartouche-shaped backs, combined with neoclassic garlands and friezes. Oeben refurnished
Versailles and other royal palaces with innovative new kinds of furniture; the cylinder, or roll-top desk; the table with a mechanical writing surface that could be raised; and the drop-front desk.
235:
and a delegation of artists and scholars to Italy to see the recent discoveries at
Pompeii and Herculaneum, and made a grand tour of other classical monuments. They returned full of enthusiasm for a new classical style, based on the Roman and Greek monuments. In 1754 they published a manifesto
1810:
holds ties to the unity of the French people, as well as the diversity of French society. The points of view of those who sing range from a deputy to their soldiers, mother, wives, husbands, and fathers, depicting the roles they must take and live through during this era of revolution. The
1647:, also studied at the Academy in Rome between 1762 and 1771. His works varied widely from neoclassical to rococo; he conceived a terra-cotta model for an extraordinary monumental sculpture, covered with statuary of angels and cupids, to celebrate the first balloon flight in Paris by the
1523:
1657:(1730–1809) also studied at the French Academy in Rome from 1752 and 1756. He returned to Paris to teach at the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture, and became rector in 1792. He made a series of highly expressive statues on mythological subjects, including
1464:
1936:, horns-of-plenty and vases on tripods, interlaced with vines and medallions and painted on tall rectangular panels on the walls painted white and bordered with gilded stucco. The new style also took inspiration from the decorative grotesques of
996:
957:. His designs for an immense spherical monument to Isaac Newton (1784) and a vast new royal library in Paris in the form of a giant barrel vault (1785) were never seriously considered, but foreshadowed the architecture of the 20th century.
2233:(1739–1814). At the very end of the reign of Louis XVI, Sené and Jacob were producing highly original and imaginative forms, including chairs with lyre-shaped carved wooden backs and the "Etruscan chair", a type conceived by the painter
1544:
965:
During the French
Revolution construction virtually stopped in Paris. The aristocrats fled, churches were closed and sacked. The one large project carried out between 1795 and 1797 was the building of a large new chamber within the
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2017:
863:
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is a movement in architecture, design and the arts which emerged in France in the 1740s and became dominant in France between about 1760 to 1830. It emerged as a reaction to the frivolity and excessive ornament of the
2247:
212:(1748), which brought to light classical designs and paintings. The news of these discoveries, accompanied by engraved illustrations, circulated widely. The French antiquarian, art collector and amateur archeologist
1502:
61:
1182:, which, as the style of the great cathedrals, he considered was the only truly great French style. The movement toward romanticism and gothic was accelerated by the publication of the hugely successful novel
1119:. It was in an entirely different style than the palace behind it, and was not aligned with it; it was aligned instead with the new Temple of Glory which he was building, facing it, on the far side of the
1874:
1369:
1832:
still fight to create the nation in which they dreamed to build. Eventually being brought back as the song of the people, it was restored to its position as national anthem, as it remains to this day.
1593:. His work remained closer to the statues in full movement of the French baroque than the new, more serene style. In his later years he designed small ornamental sculptures of cast bronze such as the
1331:
1612:, where he made detailed studies of the anatomy of the ancient Roman and Greek statues on display there. He became famous for his busts and portrait sculptures, most notably his seated statue of
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The religious architecture of the period was also sober and monumental and tended, at the end of the reign, toward neo-classical; major examples include the Church of Sainte-Genevieve (now the
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1977:
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and other political figures of the day. He also created several allegorical works illustrating winter and summer in a style entirely more expressive than traditional classicism, such as his
2115:. Riesener and Leleu produced furniture with superb wood-inlay, or marquetry, often in floral designs; and cabinets of mahogany decorated with glided bronze floral decor and column legs.
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of the rotunda, which is surmounted by statues. The façade is also animated by busts of Roman emperors in niches, and sculptures in relief above the windows of the semicircular central
1445:
517:
455:
277:, a call for a return to pure and uncluttered forms of architecture. The archeological sites in Greece and Italy became mandatory stops for aristocratic and scholarly visitors on the
982:(1755–1849). De Quincy was an amateur archeologist and a classical scholar, as well as an architect. He was sentenced to death by a revolutionary court in 1793, but was spared by the
1811:
grammatical composition itself from the piece generalizes the characters, for them to see each other as equals under the premise of victory and success. Banned by both
Napoleon and
1707:
683:
304:
In the last years of the reign of Louis XV and throughout the reign of Louis XVI, the new style appeared in the royal residences, particularly in the salons and furnishings of the
1819:
achieves the similar goal of uniting the people of France by evoking from them a sense of patriotism, as it was nicknamed “Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin” (War song for the
1305:, He supported the dissolution of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture, and designed sets for revolutionary pageants and ceremonies. His most famous picture of the period,
3530:
1049:
764:(1769) adapted the forms of the neoclassical town house, with a court of honor placed between a pavilion with a colonnade on the street and the main building. He also added a
1955:, the aristocracy fled Paris, and most of the palaces and town houses were stripped of furnishings and decoration. A new version of neoclassicism appeared briefly during the
1751:
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sometimes local woods such as lemon trees were used; mahogany remained the choice for prestige furniture. The master furniture craftsmen of the late Empire style included
1210:
1913:, which praised "the majestic and sober style of the architects of ancient Greece." He offered engravings of classical vaults, garlands of laurel leaves, palmettos and
1425:
1228:
883:
3702:
902:
1692:
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2083:(1734–1791), was massive, rectangular and heavily decorated, with gilded columns, friezes and hanging garlands. However, soon afterwards the royal cabinet maker
1586:
1272:
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1321:. When the Jacobins fell in 1794, he was imprisoned twice for several months, but then resumed an active career as a portraitist and then as court painter for
3876:
2241:" of Marie-Antoinette at Versailles. The ornament on the chair, which remained popular long after the period ended, was borrowed from ancient Grecian vases.
1030:
2370:, who made furniture as authentic as possible to Greek and Roman models for the residences of Napoleon and for clients of the new Napoleonic aristocracy.
2309:
furniture frames could collaborate with those who did the marquetry inlay. The Etruscan taste disappeared, but the neoclassic style flourished under the
1015:
1673:
483:
1393:(1780–1867). The later neoclassical painters put aside the political messages and concentrated on idealized figures and ideas of beauty; they included
449:(1680–1706). While the basic features of the architecture of these churches were classical, the interiors were lavishly decorated in the baroque style.
1483:
429:
Under Louis XIV, the Roman dome and façade of monumental columns became the dominant features of important new churches, beginning with the chapel of
702:
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1291:
and other ancient sites, and entirely changed his style. Beginning in 1784 he painted works based on stories from classical literature, including
1111:(begun by Chalgrin in 1808, but not finished until 1836). Pierre-Alexandre Vignon (1763–1828), a student of Ledoux, was charged with remaking the
849:
in 1751–83. The façade is distinguished by its simplicity and purity, and its harmony and balance. A colonnade of Corinthian columns supports the
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During the reign of Louis XVI, neoclassical was the dominant architectural style in Paris and in the provinces. Notable examples include the
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822:
that he could build a château in less than three months. Marie-Antoinette had a similar small neoclassical belvedere created by architect
1175:
3780:
1080:, with its uniform neoclassical façades, modeled on the squares built by Louis XIV and Louis XV. They also designed the interior of the
929:
842:
301:(the Greek taste). It called for geometric forms and decoration in "the sober and majestic style of the architects of ancient Greece."
3800:
3581:
3178:
2958:
2350:
2221:, particularly in the 1780s, the furniture styles became lighter, more geometric, and more simply ornamented, following the tastes of
1590:
204:
Neoclassicism in France emerged in the early to mid-18th century, inspired in part by the reports of the archeological excavations at
1820:
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models. In painting it featured heroism and sacrifice in the time of the ancient Romans and Greeks. It began late in the reign of
3830:
3285:
1857:
1530:
1399:
938:
870:
3312:
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2349:. Another popular form was the folding stool, modeled after those that were used in Roman army encampments. After Napoleon's
1509:
223:
In the 1740s, the style began to slowly change; decoration became less extravagant and more discreet. In 1754 the brother of
2719:
776:
651:
607:
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3535:
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983:
2345:
1376:
811:
642:
332:
and Turkish themes, Between 1780 and 1792, the style also appeared in architecture, in classically buildings including the
2051:
The Empire style had extraordinary coherence and audacious simplicity, thanks to Napoleon's two energetic chief designers,
536:, the neoclassical became the dominant style in both civil and religious architecture. The chief architect of the king was
72:
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1906:
1865:
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1514:
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2209:
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733:
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389:
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2004:
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and another floor above the columns, and transformed the entrance to the courtyard into a miniature triumphal arch.
3540:
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43:
2067:, were popular. Imperial emblems, including the eagle, the bee, and the letter N with a crown, were also common.
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846:
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or Pompeii style came into fashion in Paris, based on reproductions of designs found in Pompeii, augmented with
937:
A few architects adapted the neoclassical style to more functional purposes. Claude-Nicolas Ledoux designed the
818:, Louis XVI's brother. The small château was designed and completed in just sixty-three days, to win a bet with
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2008:
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1945:
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979:
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638:
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1789:
was known for composing many patriotic pieces for the people and nation of France. Most famous of which is
1166:
A change of style began to appear early in the 19th century, particularly after the publication in 1802 of
803:(1729–1798). It featured a portico in the form of a covered gallery and columns in advance of the façade.
3815:
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3485:
3171:
2112:
1609:
1455:
1404:
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434:
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in Paris in 1766, and from 1757 onward he directed the modeling of small sculptures in porcelain at the
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1948:, designed by Rousseau de la Routière in 1790, just after the Revolution began, is a notable example.
1088:, into the model of the neoclassical style. (1803) Fontaine designed another Napoleonic landmark, the
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In the era of the French Revolution, particularly under the rule of Napoleon, the famous composer
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The new theaters in Paris and Bordeaux were prominent examples of the new style. The architect
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438:
146:
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1984:
1967:
seized power from the Directory, the neoclassical style began to take on a new form, called
1956:
1941:
1684:
1582:
838:
819:
407:
309:
150:
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2355:
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2052:
1887:
1847:
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1318:
1201:
1108:
1069:
1036:
788:
761:
537:
474:
470:
419:
415:
142:
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986:. He was charged with the conversion of the Church of Sainte-Genevieve into the modern
967:
442:
404:
401:
348:(1777). It also appeared in other art forms, including in particular the paintings of
232:
138:
1585:, Russia (model made in 1770, but not cast until 1782). He was named professor at the
400:
era, in favor of a more sober composition with pediments and an elevated colonnade of
312:, and of the Paris aristocracy. It combined Greek, Roman, and what was loosely called
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The dominant figure in French neoclassical painting, even before the Revolution, was
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styles. In architecture it featured sobriety, straight lines, and forms, such as the
2769:
1311:(1793), adapted the facial expression and the limp arm of Christ in Michaelangelo's
17:
3403:
2711:
1968:
1917:(braided interlaced ribbons) and other motifs which soon appeared in Paris salons.
1325:. When Napoleon fell and the monarchy was restored, he went into exile in Belgium.
1284:
1179:
1132:
947:
909:
772:
611:
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2075:
The first "Greek taste" furniture in France, made in 1756 and 1757 to designs by
942:
the architecture) and most were destroyed during the Revolution, though those at
3434:
3211:
1812:
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began in 1789, David became an active participant in the most extreme wing, the
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in 1821, and then the program of restoration of French Gothic monuments led by
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of Europe. The best young painters in France competed for scholarships to the
278:
50:
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and went to study there in 1775. He discovered the treasures excavated from
3613:
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779:(1780); its majestic stairway was a forerunner of the stairway of the Paris
765:
385:
297:, an illustrated textbook of the style. The new taste was originally called
289:
studied there, and later became its director. In 1757 the Belgian architect
249:
126:
1385:
French painting was dominated for years by David and his pupils, including
1267:(1748–1825). He began as a classical and religious painter, an admirer of
978:
was re-organized and reconstituted, with the architecture department under
269:, who called for a restoration of moral values in society, and by the Abbé
1135:
of Napoleon in 1815, the neoclassic style continued to be used during the
1099:
Other Napoleonic neoclassical projects included the grand stairway of the
990:, and assured that architectural studies taught the classical traditions.
3260:
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2196:
Drop-front desk by Jean-Henri Riesener (1783), Metropolitan Museum of Art
2088:
1933:
1613:
1302:
689:
533:
241:
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1567:
The most prominent French sculptor in the early neoclassical period was
3084:
NĂ©oclassicisme et Romantisme: architecture, sculpture, peinture, dessin
2327:
2107:
After the death of Oeben, his place was taken by two of his disciples,
1937:
1929:
1644:
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style, calling for a return to classicism. Marigny, after the death of
216:
travelled in Europe and the Mideast, and described what he had seen in
209:
114:
1827:, it displayed the primary aspects of neoclassical music of this era,
1297:(1781), a celebration of duty and sacrifice in Roman times. When the
2677:
2096:
2060:
1743:
1280:
286:
118:
2331:
became especially popular; Jacob produced a variety of neoclassical
161:
until 1830, when it was gradually replaced as the dominant style by
2023:
Library of the Château de Malmaison, made for Empress Joséphine by
422:. The result, incorporating elements of ancient Roman, French, and
3026:
Grammaire des Arts DĂ©coratifs de la Renaissance au Post-Modernisme
1800:
in 1794. Often compared to the current national anthem of France,
1770:
1155:(1824–44). By the 1830s, the architectural style was succeeded by
837:
Another notable example of the neoclassical style in Paris is the
806:
One of the best-known neoclassical buildings of the period is the
744:
by the same architect; and the theater of Besançon (1775) and the
834:. It was completed in 1789, the year of the French Revolution.
548:, the ensemble of buildings overlooking the Place Louis XV (now
3160:
2639:"French Opera and the French Revolution, Etienne Nicolas Mehul"
2490:
2488:
2448:
2446:
2099:
with the right angles of neoclassicism. The chairs had curving
1959:(1795–99), which mingled elements the Pompeiian style with the
1905:
or "Greek taste" in design was introduced in France in 1757 by
953:
The most visionary French neoclassical architect was certainly
426:, "resolves itself into the greatest palace façade in Europe."
626:
Stairway of the Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux, Victor Louis (1780)
2665:"Le chant du départ de Marie-Joseph Chénier et Etienne Méhul"
1757:
Bust of Madame Vigée Le Brun by Augustin Pajou (1785), Louvre
1204:
of 1830, brought to a close the era of French neoclassicism.
1076:(1762–1853). Their grand projects for Napoleon included the
3066:
Paris- Panorama de l'architecture de l'Antiquité à nos jours
1271:, the history and genre painter. He was recommended to the
544:
until the end of the reign. His major works included the
388:. In 1667 the king rejected a baroque scheme for the new
2840:
2838:
2475:
2473:
2225:. The leading French designers during this period were
2560:
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1604:
The first more clearly neoclassical major figure was
1068:
came to power, the most influential architects were
540:
from 1734 until 1742, and then his more famous son,
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1139:, particularly in Paris churches. Examples include
99:
85:
2087:produced much lighter and more graceful works for
576:, which featured an enormous barrel-vaulted nave.
255:The style was given a philosophical appeal by the
970:, which eventually became the home of the French
1944:in 1510. The boudoir of Marie Antoinette at the
396:, the most famous architect and sculptor of the
410:columns, devised by a committee, consisting of
2827:sfn error: no target: CITEREFRenaultLazé2006 (
2669:Annales historiques de la Révolution française
2511:sfn error: no target: CITEREFRenaultLazé2006 (
2494:
1433:Portrait of Emma, Lady Hamilton as a Bacchante
3172:
2770:"What is Neoclassicism in Music? An Overview"
2111:(1734–1806) (who married Oeben's widow); and
1701:(woman in winter), Jean-Antoine Houdon (1783)
1178:(1768–1848). He appealed for a return to the
8:
1796:, later becoming the official anthem of the
30:
3049:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
3008:Les Styles de l'architecture et du mobilier
2968:Prina, Francesca; Demartini, Elena (2006).
2822:
2506:
1587:Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture
1551:Justice and Divine Vengeance Pursuing Crime
1317:to depict the assassinated Jacobin leader,
1273:Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture
1024:facade by Pierre-Alexandre Vignon (1807–43)
172:Prominent architects of the style included
3179:
3165:
3157:
2888:. Stuttgart; London: Edition Axel Menges.
2165:Commode by Jean-Henri Riesener (1770–80),
1127:The Restoration and arrival of romanticism
564:), built from 1758 to 1790 to a design by
29:
2676:
2452:
2433:
2397:
2741:"What's the meaning of La Marseillaise?"
2409:
2296:Swan armchair for Empress Joséphine, by
2095:. These were a hybrid of the curves of
1170:by one of the leading figures of French
220:, published with illustrations in 1755.
3140:Le Mobilier Français- Régence -Louis XV
2378:
2243:
2117:
1973:
1834:
1669:
1421:
1327:
1206:
992:
859:
578:
451:
3121:Paris Musique- Huit Siècles d'histoire
3047:The Classical Language of Architecture
2810:
2525:
2479:
2464:
2868:
2856:
2844:
2624:
2612:
2600:
2588:
2576:
2564:
2549:
2537:
2437:
2421:
2385:
1571:(1716–1791). whose work included the
7:
2970:Petite encylopédie de l'architecture
2663:Domine, Jean-François (2002-09-01).
1092:(1806–1808) in the courtyard of the
3194:in architecture and decorative arts
2637:Dotson, Savannah J. (Spring 2014).
760:, or School of Surgery in Paris by
532:In the latter part of the reign of
27:Overview of Neoclassicism in France
2914:Les Styles Transition et Louis XVI
2212:(1788), Metropolitan Museum of Art
1911:Recueil élémentaire d'architecture
1403:, much to the annoyance of David;
1200:(1814–1879). This, along with the
961:Revolution, Directorate and Empire
295:Recueil élémentaire d'architecture
25:
3877:Ancien RĂ©gime French architecture
2951:Histoire et dictionnaire de Paris
2358:, who made the furniture for the
1616:(1779–81), now on display at the
1234:Interior of Notre-Dame-de-Lorette
570:Church of Saint-Philippe-du-Roule
373:Louis XIV, Louis XV and Louis XVI
3102:Dictionnaire Historique de Paris
2368:Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine
2339:, or day bed, which appeared in
2289:
2270:
2246:
2201:
2189:
2173:
2158:
2139:
2120:
2057:Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine
2032:
2016:
1996:
1976:
1873:
1856:
1837:
1750:
1728:
1706:
1691:
1672:
1608:(1741–1828). He studied at the
1543:
1522:
1501:
1482:
1463:
1444:
1424:
1397:, who like David, made a famous
1368:
1351:
1330:
1239:
1227:
1209:
1074:Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine
1048:
1029:
1014:
1007:Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine
995:
939:Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans
921:
901:
882:
871:Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans
862:
720:
701:
682:
662:
650:
631:
619:
600:
581:
516:
501:
482:
454:
71:
60:
49:
42:
3138:Wiegandt, Claude-Paule (2005).
2780:from the original on 2022-04-12
2751:from the original on 2022-04-12
2722:from the original on 2022-04-19
2693:from the original on 2022-04-12
2645:from the original on 2022-03-23
932:by Étienne-Louis Boullée (1785)
783:. In 1791, in the midst of the
188:(1739–1811); painters included
3119:Vila, Marie Christine (2006).
2712:"Internet History Sourcebooks"
1283:style. He won the prestigious
1176:François-René de Chateaubriand
984:fall of Maximilien Robespierre
810:(1777), designed and built by
525:Église Saint-Philippe-du-Roule
328:and the Renaissance, and with
1:
2916:. Les Editions de l'Amateur.
2799:Grammaire des arts decoratifs
1866:Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle
1825:Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle
1531:Portrait of Juliette RĂ©camier
1515:Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
1400:Portrait of Juliette RĂ©camier
1391:Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres
1380:by Jacques-Louis David (1800)
1363:by Jacques-Louis David (1793)
843:Palais de la LĂ©gion d'Honneur
194:Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
89:
3006:Renault, Christophe (2006),
2905:Histoire des arts décoratifs
2319:Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte
2265:(1787), Palace of Versailles
2184:(1781), Palace of Versailles
2146:Mechanical writing table by
1920:Beginning in the 1770s, the
1815:for its revolutionary ties,
1591:Sèvres Porcelain manufactory
1090:Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
1003:Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
826:, who had also designed her
445:, followed by the church of
145:, and continued through the
3882:French architectural styles
3104:. Le Livre de Poche. 2013.
2671:(in French) (329): 89–100.
2346:Portrait of Madame RĂ©camier
2335:and stools, as well as the
1643:(1738–1814), also known as
1490:Portrait of Christine Boyer
1471:Mademoiselle Lange as Danae
1377:Portrait of Madame RĂ©camier
1185:The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
1084:, the residence of Empress
1059:, added by Napoleon in 1808
231:, accompanied the designer
192:(1748–1825) and his pupil,
3903:
2989:Les styles en architecture
2933:Caractéristique des Styles
2495:Prina & Demartini 2006
2152:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2077:Jean-François de Neufforge
2039:Napoleon's bedroom at the
1907:Jean-François de Neufforge
1722:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1628:(woman in winter), in the
1599:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1475:Anne Louis Girodet-Trioson
1417:Anne Louis Girodet-Trioson
908:Project for a monument to
828:picturesque rustic village
775:(1731–1811) completed the
365:
291:Jean-François de Neufforge
275:L'essai sur l'architecture
2903:de Morant, Henry (1970).
2886:The Architecture of Paris
2227:Jean-Baptiste-Claude Sené
2210:Jean-Baptiste-Claude Sené
2003:Apartment of the Empress
1940:painted at the Vatican's
1168:le GĂ©nie du christianisme
795:(1779–1782) was built by
777:Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux
734:HĂ´tel des Monnaies, Paris
608:Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux
463:east façade of the Louvre
390:east façade of the Louvre
368:Neoclassical architecture
35:
3826:Richardsonian Romanesque
3428:Germany, Austria-Hungary
3338:Spanish Colonial Revival
2167:Art Institute of Chicago
2005:Joséphine de Beauharnais
1718:Étienne Maurice Falconet
1569:Étienne Maurice Falconet
1086:Joséphine de Beauharnais
869:Director's house at the
812:François-Joseph Bélanger
742:Palais de Justice, Paris
727:Interior of the Panthéon
714:Jacques-Germain Soufflot
694:Notre-Dame de Guebwiller
643:François-Joseph Bélanger
566:Jacques-Germain Soufflot
178:Jacques-Germain Soufflot
141:, became dominant under
3734:Serbo-Byzantine Revival
3696:Russian Empire and USSR
3619:National Romantic style
3545:Black-and-white Revival
2949:Fierro, Alfred (1996).
2931:Ducher, Robert (1988),
2823:Renault & Lazé 2006
2716:sourcebooks.fordham.edu
2507:Renault & Lazé 2006
2283:Cleveland Museum of Art
1989:Palace of Fontainebleau
1946:Palace of Fontainebleau
1437:Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun
1413:Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun
1389:(1771–1835), and later
1251:Jacques-Ignace Hittorff
1161:Beaux-Arts architecture
1153:Jacques-Ignace Hittorff
1113:Church of the Madeleine
1022:Church of the Madeleine
31:Neoclassicism in France
3816:Polish cathedral style
3781:Dutch Colonial Revival
3501:Indo-Saracenic Revival
3086:(in French). Ullmann.
3064:Texier, Simon (2012),
2987:Hopkins, Owen (2014).
2912:Droguet, Anne (2004).
2884:Ayers, Andrew (2004).
2360:Château de Saint Cloud
2081:Jean-Charles Delafosse
1782:
1610:French Academy in Rome
1510:Oedipus and the Sphinx
1456:Jean-Baptiste Regnault
1405:Jean-Baptiste Regnault
890:Rotonde de la Villette
793:Odeon Theater in Paris
435:Jules Hardouin-Mansart
283:French Academy in Rome
208:(1738) and especially
186:Jean-François Chalgrin
3801:Mediterranean Revival
3655:Soft Portuguese style
3598:Traditionalist School
3123:. Paris: Parigramme.
3068:, Paris: Parigramme,
2935:, Paris: Flammarion,
2907:. Librarie Hacahette.
2362:, and the architects
2317:(1799–1804), and the
2253:"Etruscan" chair for
2127:Desk for Louis XV by
1884:(1763-1817) composed
1774:
1247:Saint-Vincent-de-Paul
1221:Louis-Hippolyte Lebas
1217:Notre-Dame-de-Lorette
1198:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
1149:Saint-Vincent-de-Paul
1145:Louis-Hippolyte Lebas
1141:Notre-Dame-de-Lorette
955:Étienne-Louis Boullée
914:Étienne-Louis Boullée
894:Claude-Nicolas Ledoux
875:Claude-Nicolas Ledoux
832:gardens of Versailles
754:Claude-Nicolas Ledoux
746:Château de Bénouville
738:Jacques Denis Antoine
593:Claude-Nicolas Ledoux
589:Château de Bénouville
552:(1761–1770)) and the
267:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
246:director of buildings
214:Anne Claude de Caylus
182:Claude-Nicolas Ledoux
3872:Architectural styles
3862:History of furniture
3766:American Renaissance
3708:Neoclassical Revival
3409:Louis Philippe style
3082:Toman, Rolf (2007).
3024:Riley, Noël (2004),
2302:Château de Malmaison
2133:Palace of Versailles
2045:Palace of Versailles
2025:Percier and Fontaine
2009:Château de Malmaison
1963:from England. When
1720:, in bronze (1788),
1679:Bust of Voltaire by
1649:Montgolfier brothers
1555:Pierre-Paul Prud'hon
1409:Pierre-Paul Prud'hon
1275:by a family friend,
1269:Jean-Baptiste Greuze
1121:Place de la Concorde
1082:Château de Malmaison
980:Quatremère de Quincy
976:École des Beaux-Arts
808:Château de Bagatelle
639:Château de Bagatelle
550:Place de la Concorde
542:Ange-Jacques Gabriel
494:Place de la Concorde
424:Italian architecture
394:Gian Lorenzo Bernini
384:during the reign of
345:Château de Bagatelle
271:Marc-Antoine Laugier
218:Recueil d'antiquités
174:Ange-Jacques Gabriel
18:French neoclassicism
3831:Territorial Revival
3414:Second Empire style
3286:Renaissance Revival
3010:, Paris: Gisserot,
2871:, pp. 136–137.
2603:, pp. 378–396.
2341:Jacques-Louis David
2219:Louis XVI furniture
2148:Jean-Francois Oeben
2129:Jean-Henri Riesener
2113:Jean-François Leleu
2109:Jean-Henri Riesener
2093:Madame de Pompadour
2085:Jean-Francois Oeben
1897:Interior decoration
1681:Jean-Antoine Houdon
1620:, and his busts of
1606:Jean-Antoine Houdon
1597:(1788), now in the
1344:Jacques-Louis David
1339:Oath of the Horatii
1294:Oath of the Horatii
1265:Jacques Louis David
944:Parc de la Villette
787:, he completed the
382:French architecture
355:Oath of the Horatii
350:Jacques-Louis David
225:Madame de Pompadour
190:Jacques-Louis David
159:Bourbon Restoration
153:, and the reign of
32:
3531:Romanesque Revival
3521:Queen Anne Revival
3343:Swiss chalet style
3313:Romanesque Revival
2953:. Robert Laffont.
2813:, pp. 158–59.
2627:, pp. 256–57.
2591:, pp. 367–79.
2063:, griffon and the
1965:Napoleon Bonaparte
1821:Army of the Rhine)
1808:Le Chant du depart
1783:
1360:The Death of Marat
1323:Napoleon Bonaparte
1308:The Death of Marat
1137:French Restoration
1066:Napoleon Bonaparte
797:Marie-Joseph Peyre
758:École de Chirurgie
490:HĂ´tel de la Marine
229:Marquis de Marigny
155:Napoleon Bonaparte
3839:
3838:
3771:Collegiate Gothic
3629:Nordic Classicism
3561:Mycenaean Revival
3536:Scottish Baronial
3486:Edwardian Baroque
3481:Bristol Byzantine
3450:Nazi architecture
3247:French Provincial
3130:978-2-84096-419-3
3111:978-2-253-13140-3
3093:978-3-8331-3557-6
3075:978-2-84096-667-8
3035:978-2-080-1132-76
3017:978-2-877-4746-58
2998:978-2-10-070689-1
2552:, pp. 84–86.
2540:, pp. 77–85.
2528:, pp. 162–3.
2440:, pp. 36–37.
2351:invasion of Egypt
2237:for the fantasy "
1953:French Revolution
1622:Benjamin Franklin
1618:Comédie-Française
1494:Antoine-Jean Gros
1387:Antoine-Jean Gros
1299:French Revolution
1196:and conducted by
1101:Luxembourg Palace
972:National Assembly
801:Charles de Wailly
785:French Revolution
740:, as well as the
673:at Versailles by
669:Belvedere of the
527:, Paris (1765–70)
439:Jacques Lemercier
352:, especially the
147:French Revolution
107:
106:
16:(Redirected from
3894:
3821:Queen Anne style
3776:Colonial Revival
3687:Romanian Revival
3607:Nordic countries
3496:Georgian Revival
3491:Egyptian Revival
3399:Directoire style
3374:Louis XIII style
3242:Egyptian Revival
3237:Carpenter Gothic
3181:
3174:
3167:
3158:
3153:
3134:
3115:
3097:
3078:
3060:
3038:
3020:
3002:
2983:
2972:. Paris: Solar.
2964:
2945:
2927:
2908:
2899:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2833:
2832:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2774:HelloMusicTheory
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2680:
2678:10.4000/ahrf.701
2660:
2654:
2653:
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2650:
2634:
2628:
2622:
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2610:
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2456:
2450:
2441:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2315:French Consulate
2311:French Directory
2293:
2274:
2250:
2229:(1748–1803) and
2223:Marie Antoinette
2205:
2193:
2177:
2162:
2143:
2124:
2079:(1714–1791) and
2055:(1764–1838) and
2036:
2020:
2000:
1985:Marie Antoinette
1980:
1957:French Directory
1942:Apostolic Palace
1877:
1860:
1841:
1817:La Marseillaise,
1775:Printed copy of
1754:
1732:
1710:
1695:
1685:National Gallery
1676:
1583:Saint Petersburg
1547:
1526:
1505:
1486:
1467:
1452:Liberty or Death
1448:
1428:
1415:(1755–1842) and
1372:
1355:
1334:
1279:, master of the
1277:François Boucher
1243:
1231:
1213:
1107:(1801), and the
1072:(1764–1838) and
1052:
1033:
1018:
999:
928:Project for the
925:
905:
886:
866:
820:Marie Antoinette
799:(1730–1785) and
724:
712:(1764-1790), by
705:
686:
666:
654:
635:
623:
604:
585:
520:
505:
486:
458:
433:(1645–1710), by
310:Marie Antoinette
184:(1736–1806) and
151:French Directory
94:
91:
75:
64:
53:
46:
33:
21:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3867:Interior design
3857:Decorative arts
3842:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3806:Mission Revival
3754:
3738:
3722:
3713:Russian Revival
3691:
3675:
3659:
3633:
3624:Gustavian style
3602:
3586:
3577:Stile Umbertino
3565:
3549:
3464:
3423:
3389:Louis XVI style
3379:Louis XIV style
3352:
3271:Moorish Revival
3222:Baroque Revival
3217:Arts and Crafts
3195:
3185:
3150:
3137:
3131:
3118:
3112:
3100:
3094:
3081:
3076:
3063:
3057:
3043:Summerson, John
3041:
3036:
3023:
3018:
3005:
2999:
2986:
2980:
2967:
2961:
2948:
2943:
2930:
2924:
2911:
2902:
2896:
2883:
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2875:
2867:
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2855:
2851:
2843:
2836:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2809:
2805:
2801:(2004), pg. 126
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2763:
2754:
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2739:
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2734:
2725:
2723:
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2705:
2696:
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2657:
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2636:
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2536:
2532:
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2444:
2432:
2428:
2420:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2396:
2392:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2364:Charles Percier
2356:Bernard Molitor
2313:(1793–99), the
2304:
2294:
2285:
2279:Bernard Molitor
2275:
2266:
2251:
2213:
2206:
2197:
2194:
2185:
2178:
2169:
2163:
2154:
2144:
2135:
2125:
2073:
2053:Charles Percier
2047:
2037:
2028:
2021:
2012:
2001:
1992:
1981:
1899:
1892:
1891:
1888:Chant du depart
1878:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1848:La Marseillaise
1842:
1829:La Marseillaise
1803:La Marseillaise
1793:Chant du départ
1779:Chant du départ
1765:
1758:
1755:
1746:
1733:
1724:
1711:
1702:
1696:
1687:
1677:
1579:Peter the Great
1574:Bronze Horseman
1565:
1558:
1548:
1539:
1536:François Gérard
1527:
1518:
1506:
1497:
1487:
1478:
1468:
1459:
1449:
1440:
1429:
1395:François Gérard
1381:
1373:
1364:
1356:
1347:
1335:
1319:Jean Paul Marat
1261:
1254:
1244:
1235:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1202:July Revolution
1194:Prosper Mérimée
1157:Baroque Revival
1129:
1109:Arc de Triomphe
1070:Charles Percier
1060:
1053:
1044:
1037:Arc de Triomphe
1034:
1025:
1019:
1010:
1000:
963:
933:
926:
917:
906:
897:
887:
878:
867:
847:Pierre Rousseau
789:Salle Richelieu
762:Jacques Gondoin
728:
725:
716:
706:
697:
687:
678:
667:
658:
655:
646:
636:
627:
624:
615:
605:
596:
586:
572:(1765–1777) by
546:École Militaire
538:Jacques Gabriel
528:
521:
512:
506:
497:
487:
478:
475:Claude Perrault
471:Charles Le Brun
459:
420:Claude Perrault
416:Charles Le Brun
375:
370:
364:
308:and then Queen
244:, later became
202:
92:
81:
80:
79:
78:
77:
76:
67:
66:
65:
56:
55:
54:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3879:
3874:
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3864:
3859:
3854:
3844:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3811:Pueblo Revival
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3755:
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3736:
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3728:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3671:Zakopane Style
3667:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3384:Louis XV style
3381:
3376:
3371:
3369:Henry IV style
3366:
3364:Henry II style
3360:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3331:North American
3328:
3323:
3317:Second Empire
3315:
3310:
3308:Rococo Revival
3305:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3254:
3252:Gothic Revival
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3148:
3135:
3129:
3116:
3110:
3098:
3092:
3079:
3074:
3061:
3055:
3039:
3034:
3028:, Flammarion,
3021:
3016:
3003:
2997:
2984:
2978:
2965:
2960:2-221--07862-4
2959:
2946:
2941:
2928:
2922:
2909:
2900:
2894:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2861:
2859:, p. 134.
2849:
2847:, p. 130.
2834:
2815:
2803:
2790:
2776:. 2021-10-29.
2761:
2747:. 2015-11-17.
2732:
2703:
2655:
2629:
2617:
2615:, p. 254.
2605:
2593:
2581:
2579:, p. 101.
2569:
2554:
2542:
2530:
2518:
2499:
2497:, p. 249.
2484:
2482:, p. 140.
2469:
2467:, p. 124.
2457:
2453:Summerson 1963
2442:
2434:Summerson 1963
2426:
2424:, p. 128.
2414:
2402:
2400:, p. 389.
2398:de Morant 1970
2390:
2388:, p. 126.
2377:
2375:
2372:
2306:
2305:
2295:
2288:
2286:
2277:Secretaire by
2276:
2269:
2267:
2252:
2245:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2188:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2157:
2155:
2145:
2138:
2136:
2126:
2119:
2072:
2069:
2049:
2048:
2038:
2031:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2013:
2002:
1995:
1993:
1982:
1975:
1922:style pompéien
1898:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1870:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1853:
1845:Manuscript of
1844:
1843:
1836:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1749:
1747:
1740:Augustin Pajou
1734:
1727:
1725:
1712:
1705:
1703:
1697:
1690:
1688:
1678:
1671:
1655:Augustin Pajou
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1549:
1542:
1540:
1528:
1521:
1519:
1507:
1500:
1498:
1488:
1481:
1479:
1469:
1462:
1460:
1450:
1443:
1441:
1430:
1423:
1383:
1382:
1374:
1367:
1365:
1357:
1350:
1348:
1336:
1329:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1245:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1226:
1224:
1215:
1208:
1128:
1125:
1117:Palais Bourbon
1062:
1061:
1057:Palais Bourbon
1055:Facade of the
1054:
1047:
1045:
1035:
1028:
1026:
1020:
1013:
1011:
1001:
994:
968:Palais Bourbon
962:
959:
935:
934:
927:
920:
918:
907:
900:
898:
888:
881:
879:
868:
861:
816:Comte d'Artois
730:
729:
726:
719:
717:
707:
700:
698:
688:
681:
679:
668:
661:
659:
657:]] (1751-1810)
656:
649:
647:
637:
630:
628:
625:
618:
616:
606:
599:
597:
587:
580:
530:
529:
522:
515:
513:
507:
500:
498:
488:
481:
479:
460:
453:
443:Pierre Le Muet
374:
371:
363:
360:
324:borrowed from
233:Nicolas Cochin
201:
198:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
87:
83:
82:
70:
69:
68:
59:
58:
57:
48:
41:
40:
39:
38:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3899:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3786:Federal style
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:United States
3757:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3703:Neo-Byzantine
3701:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3645:Neo-Manueline
3643:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3542:
3541:Tudor Revival
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3516:Neo-Palladian
3514:
3512:
3509:
3505:British India
3504:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:Great Britain
3467:
3461:
3460:Rundbogenstil
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:Neoclassicism
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3301:Palazzo style
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3281:New Classical
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3266:Mayan Revival
3264:
3262:
3258:
3257:Greek Revival
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3232:Neo-Byzantine
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:International
3198:
3193:
3189:
3182:
3177:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3151:
3149:2-7072-0254-1
3145:
3141:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3077:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3056:9780262690126
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3019:
3013:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2979:2-263-04096-X
2975:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2944:
2942:2-08-011539-1
2938:
2934:
2929:
2925:
2923:2-85917-406-0
2919:
2915:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2895:9783930698967
2891:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2870:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2825:, p. 90.
2824:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2797:Riley, Noël,
2794:
2791:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2656:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2570:
2567:, p. 87.
2566:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2509:, p. 77.
2508:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2415:
2412:, p. 54.
2411:
2410:Wiegandt 2005
2406:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2303:
2299:
2298:Georges Jacob
2292:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2263:Georges Jacob
2260:
2259:Hubert Robert
2256:
2255:Petit Trianon
2249:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2235:Hubert Robert
2232:
2231:Georges Jacob
2228:
2224:
2220:
2211:
2204:
2199:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2182:Georges Jacob
2176:
2171:
2168:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2041:Grand Trianon
2035:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1971:(1799–1815).
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1883:
1882:Étienne Méhul
1876:
1871:
1867:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1823:. Written by
1822:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1798:French Empire
1795:
1794:
1788:
1787:Étienne Méhul
1781:
1780:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1753:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1641:Claude Michel
1639:The sculptor
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1419:(1767–1824).
1418:
1414:
1411:(1758–1823);
1410:
1407:(1754–1829);
1406:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1237:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1219:(1823–26) by
1218:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1143:(1823–26) by
1142:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1105:Jean Chalgrin
1102:
1097:
1095:
1094:Louvre Palace
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:Rue de Rivoli
1075:
1071:
1067:
1058:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1041:Jean Chalgrin
1038:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
998:
993:
991:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
960:
958:
956:
951:
950:still stand.
949:
945:
940:
931:
930:Royal Library
924:
919:
915:
911:
904:
899:
895:
891:
885:
880:
876:
872:
865:
860:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:HĂ´tel de Salm
835:
833:
829:
825:
824:Richard Mique
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
781:Opera Garnier
778:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
736:(1771–76) by
735:
723:
718:
715:
711:
704:
699:
695:
691:
685:
680:
676:
675:Richard Mique
672:
671:Petit Trianon
665:
660:
653:
648:
644:
640:
634:
629:
622:
617:
613:
609:
603:
598:
594:
590:
584:
579:
577:
575:
574:Jean Chalgrin
571:
567:
563:
558:
555:
554:Petit Trianon
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
526:
519:
514:
510:
509:Petit Trianon
504:
499:
495:
491:
485:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
457:
452:
450:
448:
447:Les Invalides
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
406:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
372:
369:
361:
359:
357:
356:
351:
347:
346:
341:
337:
336:
335:Petit Trianon
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:Denis Diderot
260:
259:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
199:
197:
196:(1780–1867).
195:
191:
187:
183:
180:(1713–1780),
179:
176:(1698–1782),
175:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
131:Ancient Greek
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
110:Neoclassicism
102:
98:
88:
84:
74:
63:
52:
45:
34:
19:
3796:Jeffersonian
3614:Dragon style
3455:Resort style
3419:Belle Époque
3404:Empire style
3393:
3291:Châteauesque
3276:Neoclassical
3139:
3120:
3101:
3083:
3065:
3046:
3025:
3007:
2988:
2969:
2950:
2932:
2913:
2904:
2885:
2878:Bibliography
2864:
2852:
2818:
2806:
2798:
2793:
2782:. Retrieved
2773:
2764:
2753:. Retrieved
2744:
2735:
2724:. Retrieved
2715:
2706:
2695:. Retrieved
2668:
2658:
2647:. Retrieved
2632:
2620:
2608:
2596:
2584:
2572:
2545:
2533:
2521:
2502:
2460:
2436:, Plate 47;
2429:
2417:
2405:
2393:
2381:
2344:
2337:Lit de Repos
2336:
2326:
2323:
2307:
2239:rural hamlet
2216:
2180:Armchair by
2106:
2100:
2074:
2050:
1969:Empire style
1950:
1921:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1909:in his book
1902:
1900:
1885:
1864:Portrait of
1846:
1828:
1816:
1807:
1801:
1790:
1784:
1776:
1766:
1735:
1713:
1698:
1664:
1658:
1653:
1638:
1625:
1603:
1594:
1572:
1566:
1550:
1529:
1508:
1489:
1470:
1451:
1432:
1398:
1384:
1375:
1358:
1337:
1312:
1306:
1292:
1285:Prix de Rome
1262:
1183:
1180:Gothic style
1167:
1165:
1133:final defeat
1130:
1098:
1063:
964:
952:
948:Parc Monceau
936:
910:Isaac Newton
889:
845:), built by
836:
805:
773:Victor Louis
770:
731:
612:Victor Louis
559:
531:
523:Interior of
467:Louis Le Vau
431:Val-de-Grâce
428:
412:Louis Le Vau
380:appeared in
376:
362:Architecture
353:
343:
333:
316:styles with
313:
303:
299:le goût grec
298:
294:
274:
273:, who wrote
261:, including
256:
254:
236:against the
222:
217:
203:
171:
109:
108:
86:Years active
3750:Neo-Mudéjar
3650:Neo-Mudéjar
3591:Netherlands
3440:GrĂĽnderzeit
3435:Biedermeier
3212:Art Nouveau
3188:Historicism
2811:Ducher 1988
2526:Ducher 1988
2480:Ducher 1988
2465:Ducher 1988
2455:, Plate 47.
2325:called the
2281:(c. 1800),
2208:Day bed by
2150:(1761–63),
2131:(1760–69),
2101:Ă cabriolet
1983:Boudoir of
1951:During the
1813:Louis XVIII
1714:Seated Girl
1699:La frileuse
1634:Montpellier
1630:Musée Fabre
1626:La Frileuse
1595:Seated Girl
1190:Victor Hugo
1172:romanticism
1043:(1808-1838)
855:avant-corps
851:entablature
696:(1762–1785)
595:(1770-1780)
477:(1667-1670)
330:chinoiserie
258:Philosophes
206:Herculaneum
167:eclecticism
163:romanticism
129:, based on
93: 1760
3852:French art
3846:Categories
3791:Greco Deco
3511:Jacobethan
3445:Jugendstil
3348:Vernacular
3296:Italianate
3227:Beaux-Arts
3192:Revivalism
2869:Riley 2004
2857:Riley 2004
2845:Riley 2004
2784:2022-04-12
2755:2022-04-12
2726:2022-04-12
2697:2022-04-12
2649:2022-04-12
2625:Toman 2007
2613:Toman 2007
2601:Toman 2007
2589:Toman 2007
2577:Toman 2007
2565:Toman 2007
2550:Toman 2007
2538:Toman 2007
2438:Ayers 2004
2422:Riley 2004
2386:Riley 2004
1961:Adam style
1926:arabesques
1915:guilloches
1131:After the
1103:(1801) by
752:, both by
408:Corinthian
378:Classicism
366:See also:
340:Versailles
322:grotesques
318:arabesques
293:published
279:Grand Tour
157:, and the
3887:Louis XVI
3718:Stalinist
3476:Adamesque
2991:. Dunod.
2687:0003-4436
2374:Citations
2071:Furniture
1903:goût Grec
1563:Sculpture
1253:(1824–44)
1009:(1806–08)
896:(1785–89)
877:(1775–79)
841:(now the
766:peristyle
496:(1761–70)
386:Louis XIV
250:Louis XVI
143:Louis XVI
127:colonnade
3638:Portugal
3326:European
3261:Neo-Grec
3207:Art Deco
3045:(1963).
2778:Archived
2749:Archived
2745:BBC News
2720:Archived
2691:Archived
2643:Archived
2089:Louis XV
1934:sphinxes
1930:griffons
1742:(1780),
1683:(1778),
1651:(1784).
1614:Voltaire
1303:Jacobins
1259:Painting
988:Panthéon
814:for the
750:Calvados
710:Panthéon
690:Transept
562:Panthéon
534:Louis XV
405:colossal
358:(1784).
342:and the
314:Etruscan
306:Dauphine
242:Louis XV
238:Rocaille
139:Louis XV
123:pediment
100:Location
3680:Romania
3526:Regency
2328:klismos
2300:(1804)
2065:chimera
2007:at the
1938:Raphael
1736:Mercury
1645:Clodion
1289:Pompeii
974:. The
830:in the
791:. The
748:in the
492:on the
402:coupled
398:Baroque
326:Raphael
210:Pompeii
200:History
115:baroque
3727:Serbia
3664:Poland
3554:Greece
3357:France
3321:French
3146:
3127:
3108:
3090:
3072:
3053:
3032:
3014:
2995:
2976:
2957:
2939:
2920:
2892:
2685:
2333:divans
2097:rococo
2061:sphinx
2027:(1800)
2011:(1800)
1991:(1790)
1744:Louvre
1660:Psyche
1557:(1808)
1538:(1805)
1517:(1800)
1496:(1800)
1477:(1799)
1458:(1795)
1439:(1790)
1431:Emma,
1346:(1781)
1281:rococo
1064:After
916:(1784)
756:. The
677:(1789)
645:(1777)
614:(1780)
568:, and
511:(1764)
473:, and
418:, and
287:Ingres
227:, the
149:, the
119:rococo
103:France
3743:Spain
3582:Milan
3570:Italy
1763:Music
1665:Amour
1314:PietĂ
135:Roman
95:–1830
3190:and
3144:ISBN
3125:ISBN
3106:ISBN
3088:ISBN
3070:ISBN
3051:ISBN
3030:ISBN
3012:ISBN
2993:ISBN
2974:ISBN
2955:ISBN
2937:ISBN
2918:ISBN
2890:ISBN
2829:help
2683:ISSN
2513:help
2366:and
2261:and
2091:and
1901:The
1663:and
1159:and
1147:and
946:and
708:The
461:The
441:and
320:and
265:and
248:for
165:and
133:and
125:and
117:and
2673:doi
2343:'s
2257:by
2217:In
1886:Le
1791:Le
1777:Le
1738:by
1716:by
1632:in
1581:in
1577:of
1553:by
1534:by
1513:by
1492:by
1473:by
1454:by
1435:by
1342:by
1249:by
1188:by
1151:by
1039:by
1005:by
912:by
892:by
873:by
692:of
641:by
610:by
591:by
465:by
392:by
338:in
3848::
3543:/
3259:/
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2772:.
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2718:.
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2641:.
2557:^
2487:^
2472:^
2445:^
2321:.
2043:,
1987:,
1932:,
1928:,
1806:,
1667:.
1636:.
1601:.
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437:,
414:,
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252:.
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3180:e
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3166:v
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3114:.
3096:.
3059:.
3001:.
2982:.
2963:.
2926:.
2898:.
2831:)
2787:.
2758:.
2729:.
2700:.
2675::
2652:.
2515:)
20:)
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