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515:, formed by a mixture of ash and hot gases, flowed down the mountain and through the mostly-evacuated town of Herculaneum at 160 km/h (100 mph). A succession of six flows and surges buried the city's buildings to approximately 20 m (66 ft) depth, causing little damage in some areas and preserving structures, objects and victims almost intact. However, other areas were damaged significantly, knocking down walls, tearing away columns and other large objects; a marble statue of
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typical of
October – and conversely the summer fruit typical of August was already being sold in dried, or conserved form. Wine fermenting jars had been sealed, which would have happened around the end of October; coins found in the purse of a woman buried in the ash include one with a 15th imperatorial acclamation among the emperor's titles and could not have been minted before the second week of September.
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764:) streets. Hence Insula II to Insula VII run counterclockwise from Insula II. To the east are two additional blocks: Orientalis I (oI) and Orientalis II (oII). To the south of Orientalis I (oI) lies one additional group of buildings known as the "Suburban District" (SD). Individual buildings have their own entrance number. For example, the House of the Deer is labelled (Ins IV, 3).
308:, Herculaneum is famous as one of the few ancient cities to be preserved nearly intact, as the ash that blanketed the town protected it against looting and the elements. Although less known than Pompeii today, it was the first and, for a long time, the only discovered Vesuvian city (in 1709). Pompeii was revealed in 1748 and identified in 1763. Unlike Pompeii, the mainly
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847:. This structure was likely one of Herculaneum's finest villas. It was the first time that a second story had been unearthed in such detail when the house was discovered in the late 1820s. The excavation uncovered a balcony on the second level overlooking Cardo III, as well as wooden shelving and cupboards now lost.
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Soncin, Silvia; Talbot, Helen M.; Fernandes, Ricardo; Harris, Alison; von Tersch, Matthew; Robson, Harry K.; Bakker, Jan K.; Richter, Kristine K.; Alexander, Michelle; Ellis, Steven; Thompson, Gill; Amoretti, Valeria; Osanna, Massimo; Caso, Marina; Sirano, Francesco; Fattore, Luciano; Colonese, Andre
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A scientific study, published in 2021, showed that chemical analysis of the remains was able to provide further insights into the health and nutrition of
Herculaneum's population. Stable isotope analysis of bone samples from 17 individuals (11 men and 6 women) revealed the men ate 1.6 times more fish
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In 1980–82, excavations initially turned up more than 55 skeletons on the ancient beach (just in front of the city walls) and in the first six so-called "boat sheds". Long before this finding, it was believed that the majority of the town's inhabitants had managed to flee, as only a few skeletons had
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began constructing a villa in neighbouring
Granatello, and to furnish it, he grew intrigued in local tales of wells containing antique sculptures and artworks. In 1709, he acquired the site of a recently-dug well and tunnelled out from its bottom in search of sculptures. The tunnel reached what would
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After a period of finds being mismanaged and deterioration of skeletons, further excavations in the 1990s uncovered 296 skeletons on the beach or huddled in 9 of the 12 stone vaults facing the sea. While the town was almost completely evacuated, these people found themselves trapped. The "Ring Lady"
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The volcanic ash and debris covering
Herculaneum, along with the extreme heat, left it in a remarkable state of preservation for over 1,600 years. However, once excavations began, exposure to the elements began the slow process of deterioration. This was exacerbated by earlier excavation practices,
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The date of the eruption has been shown to be on or after 17 October. Support for an
October/November eruption has long been known in several respects: buried people in the ash were wearing heavier clothing than the light summer clothes typical of August; fresh fruit and vegetables in the shops are
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began the
Herculaneum Conservation Project, a private–public partnership initially set to provide financial aid to local authorities addressing critical issues. The program eventually shifted to include providing skilled expert support and formulating a long-term plan for the site. Since 2001, the
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study, scientific documentation and excavation. In contrast to
Pompeii, where casts resembling the body features of the victims were produced by filling hollowed spaces of the body imprints in the ash deposit with plaster, the shape of corpses at Herculaneum could not be preserved due to the rapid
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Of exceptional interest is the analysis, published in 2021, of one of the skeletons (n. 26) discovered in 1982 on the beach next to a boat (on display in the boat pavilion). The remains belong to a military officer (with an elaborate dagger and belt), who was perhaps involved in a rescue mission.
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in the
Vesuvius area has shown that, in the vicinity of Pompeii and Herculaneum, intense heat was the main cause of the death of people who had previously been thought to have died by ash suffocation. Exposure to ≥250 °C (480 °F) had likely killed residents within 10 km, including
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and the surrounding area. Since
Herculaneum lay west of Vesuvius, it was only mildly affected by the first phase of the eruption. While roofs in Pompeii collapsed under the weight of falling debris, only a few centimetres of ash fell on Herculaneum, causing little damage; nevertheless, the ash
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According to the traditional tale, the city was rediscovered by chance in 1709, during the drilling of a well. Remnants of the city, however, were already found during earlier earthworks. In the years following the site's uncovering, treasure seekers excavated tunnels and took
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At around 1 pm on the first day of eruption, Mount
Vesuvius began spewing volcanic material thousands of metres into the sky. After the plume had reached a height of 27–33 km (17–21 mi), the top of the column flattened, prompting Pliny to describe it to
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Cinque, A. and Irollo, G. (2008) "Lapaleogeografia dell’antica Herculaneum e lefluttuazioni, di origine bradisismica, dellasua linea di costa". In P. G. Guzzo andM. P. Guidobaldi, eds., Nuove ricerche archeologiche nell’area Vesuviana (scavi 2003–2006):
591:'s harsh criticism of the treasure-hunting techniques. The discovery of neighbouring Pompeii, substantially simpler to excavate due to a smaller layer of material covering the site (4m as compared to 20m at Herculaneum), diverted attention and effort.
587:; by the end of the 18th century, motifs from Herculaneum began to appear on fashionable furnishings, including decorative wall-paintings, tripod tables, perfume burners, and teacups. Nonetheless, excavation ceased once again in 1762 as a result of
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The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79 buried Herculaneum under approximately 20 m (66 ft) of ash. It lay hidden and largely intact until discoveries from wells and tunnels became gradually more widely known, notably following the
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The 2002 documentary "Herculaneum. An unlucky escape" is based on research of Pier Paolo Petrone, Giuseppe Mastrolorenzo and Mario Pagano. Co-production of DocLab Rome, Discovery Channel USA, France 3 – Taxi Brousse, Spiegel TV, Mediatred,
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The first building in insula II is the House of Aristides. The entrance opens directly onto the atrium, but the ruins are not well preserved due to damage caused by previous excavations. The lower floor was probably used for storage.
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1176:. Reconstruction initiatives have often proved counterproductive. However, recent conservation efforts have had greater success. Today excavations have been temporarily discontinued to direct all funding to conservation programs.
683:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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Smaller than Pompeii with a population of circa 5,000, Herculaneum was a wealthier town. It was a seaside retreat for the Roman elite, as reflected by the extraordinary density of luxurious houses featuring lavish use of coloured
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Intensive tourism, vandalism, substandard management, and political ineptitude contributed to the deterioration of numerous sites and buildings. Numerous building foundations have been weakened by water damage caused by modern
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explorations in the early 18th century. Excavations continued sporadically up to the present and today many streets and buildings are visible, although over 75% of the town remains buried. Today, the Italian towns of
1499:"Unearthed: Vesuvius' Secret Victim." Documents the city of Herculaneum and the lives of its people. It revealed that over 1,000 people of Herculaneum's 5,000 citizens had survived the eruption and were resettled in
1217:'s team in 1938. Over time water had seeped into the wall causing the paint to attach to the previously applied wax and curl away from the wall, stripping it of its colour. However, after working in tandem with the
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The volcano continued spewing up a high-altitude column from which ash and pumice began to fall, blanketing the area. At 1 am the next day, the eruptive column collapsed onto Vesuvius and its flanks. The first
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been unearthed during the excavations. However, this discovery led to a shift in perspective. The last inhabitants waiting for rescue from the sea were probably killed instantly by the intense heat of the
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vaporisation and replacement of the flesh of the victims by the hot ash (ca. 500 °C). A cast of the skeletons unearthed in chamber 10 is on display at the Museum of Anthropology in Naples.
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Reliefs and a large collapsed monument were brought to light between 1996 and 1999. However, the area was left in a chaotic state until major conservation interventions from 2000 through 2007.
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Eventually, 340 bodies were identified in this area. Analyses of the skeletons suggest it was mainly men who died on the beach, while women and children sheltered and died in the boat houses.
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near the baths was blown 15 m (49 ft) away and a carbonised skeleton was found lifted 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) above ground level in the garden of the House of the Relief of
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be later identified as a theatre, where remarkable sculptures were uncovered. Among the earliest sculptures discovered were two exquisitely carved Herculaneum women, currently housed in the
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In 2024 the winners of a contest called the Vesuvius Challenge, with the help of AI, managed to reveal hundreds of words across 15 columns of text, corresponding to around 5% of a scroll.
1103:, despite being sheltered from direct impact. A study of victims' postures and the effects on their skeletons seemed to indicate that the first surge caused instant death as a result of
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1045:. The same techniques could be applied to the rolls waiting to be discovered in the as-yet unexcavated part of the villa, eliminating the risk of potential damage from unrolling. Later
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in summer 2009. However, the text imaging failed because Roman writers likely used carbon-based inks, essentially invisible to the X-ray scans. Similar later attempts all failed.
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Martyn, R. et al. (2020). A re-evaluation of manner of death at Roman Herculaneum following the AD 79 eruption of Vesuvius. Antiquity, 94(373), 76-91. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.215
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and kitchens along Cardo III. Other drains emptied directly into the street, except latrines equipped with a cesspit. For water supply, the city was directly connected to the
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In the 2nd century BC the city walls were built (between 2 and 3 metres thick), constructed primarily of large pebbles, with the exception of the coastal section made of
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rather than preserving the archaeological value of the site. Preservation of the skeletal remains became a top priority only in the early 1980s, under the direction of
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documentary that traces the history of the Herculaneum papyri from the time of the eruption to their discovery in 1752 to modern developments that impact their study.
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revealed the scrolls' fibres structure, sand, and other debris trapped in the scrolls. These findings help a safer unrolling. However, the text remains illegible.
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Mastrolorenzo, G.; Petrone, P.P.; Pagano, M.; Incoronato, A.; Baxter, P.J.; Canzanella, A.; Fattore, L. (2001). "Herculaneum Victims of Vesuvius in AD 79".
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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due to a temperature of about 500 °C (930 °F). Extreme heat caused hands and feet to contract and perhaps fractured bones and teeth.
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age, which brought water to buildings through a series of lead pipes under the roads, regulated by valves; wells had been used previously.
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portrays several characters (with historically attested names but fictional stories) living in Pompeii, Herculaneum and around the
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than the women, who consumed more meat, eggs, and dairy; this fits into the wider dietary trend from Herculaneum and Roman Italy.
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tree. The prevailing winds at the time blew toward the southeast, causing the volcanic material to fall primarily on the city of
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ordered land acquisitions and promoted renewed excavations between 1828 and 1837. Acquisitions continued under the newly formed
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859:. Although it has only been partially uncovered, it appears to have been a vast structure. Its name derives from a statue of a
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S. C. Bisel, "The skeletons of Herculaneum, Italy", in B. A. Purdy (ed.), Wet Site Archaeology, Caldwell, NJ, 1988, pp. 207–18
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Italian Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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In 2015, a team of scientists managed to increase the contrast between the carbon ink and the carbon-based papyrus using
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Wallace-Hadrill, A. 2011. "The Monumental Centre of Herculaneum: In Search of the Identities of the Public Buildings."
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THE LARGE AND THE SMALL HERCULANEUM WOMAN, Universita Ca' Foscari, Venezia, Doctoral Thesis 2014–2015, Angeliki Ntontou
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Burlot, Delphine. (2011). The Disegni intagliati: A forgotten book illustrating the first discoveries at Herculaneum,
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The course and timeline of the eruption can be reconstructed based on archaeological excavations and two letters from
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and preserved more wooden objects such as roofs, beds, and doors, as well as other organic-based materials such as
1468:"Secrets of the Dead: Herculaneum Uncovered" is a PBS show covering the archaeological discoveries at Herculaneum.
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Hundreds of skeletons were found in the so-called "boat houses", by the ancient shoreline, between 1980 and 1981.
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Herculaneum Conservation Project has been involved in pilot conservation projects and has partnered with the
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The house consists of two adjoined structures with a mix of plain, simple spaces and finely-decorated rooms.
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and Herculaneum, interviewed archaeologists, and examined the events leading up to the eruption of Vesuvius.
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after which the house is named, are accessible via a corridor receiving daylight from a small courtyard.
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Ozgenel, Lalo (15 April 2008). "A Tale of Two Cities: In Search of Ancient Pompeii and Herculaneum".
1489:"Pompeii: The Mystery of the People Frozen in Time" is a 2013 BBC One drama documentary presented by
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863:, once part of a candlestick. In the centre of the peristyle are the remains of a rectangular basin.
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The Herculaneum Women: And the Origins of Archaeology (J. Paul Getty Museum) – 7 Feb 2008, Daehner
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scrolls were recovered from the Villa of the Papyri by workmen. These scrolls became known as the
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A 2004 documentary "Pompeii and the 79 AD eruption". TBS Channel Tokyo Broadcasting System, 120'.
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Herculaneum plan showing the ancient site below the modern (1908) town and the 1631 "lava" flow
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and the so-called "boat houses", where the skeletal remains of at least 300 people were found.
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took control of the area, and were later overthrown by the Greeks. The Greeks named the town
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I fuggiaschi di Ercolano. Paleobiologia delle vittime dell' eruzione vesuviana del 79 d.C.
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I fuggiaschi di Ercolano. Paleobiologia delle vittime dell' eruzione vesuviana del 79 d.C
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Many public and private buildings, including the forum complex, are yet to be excavated.
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De Ligt et al. (2012). "The Album of Herculaneum and a model of the town’s demography."
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After years of mismanagement, Herculaneum fell into a dire state. However, in 2001, the
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The 2007 documentary "Troja ist überall: Auferstehung am Vesuv", Spiegel TV, 43'29.
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Romano-Campanian Wall-Painting (English, Italian, Spanish and French introduction)
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Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
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Herculaneum and European Culture Between the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries.
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1478:"The Other Pompeii: Life and Death in Herculaneum" is a documentary presented by
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The Philodemus Project will publish Philodemus' works on poetry and on rhetoric.
1876:"Lethal thermal impact at periphery of pyroclastic surges: evidences at Pompeii"
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1111:(see image), named for the rings on her fingers, was discovered there in 1982.
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Antonio Virgili, Culti misterici ed orientali a Pompei, Gangemi, Roma, 2008.
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Casts of skeletons were also produced to replace the original bones after
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Mastrolorenzo, G; Petrone, P; Pappalardo, L; Guarino, FM (15 June 2010).
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http://jfa.arch.metu.edu.tr/archive/0258-5316/2008/cilt25/sayi_1/1-25.pdf
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One of the pilot projects started by the Conservation Project was on the
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1496:"Pompeii: The New Revelations" was broadcast on UK TV channel 5 in 2021.
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C.; Garnsey, Peter; Bondioli, Luca; Craig, Oliver E. (27 August 2021).
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705:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
561:
503:
495:
487:
456:
until 1969 when the modern name was adopted in honour of the old city.
449:
321:
305:
200:
2562:
1362:
and pearl-studded hairpins, from Roman Herculaneum, mid-1st century AD
1090:
397:. In the 4th century BC, Herculaneum came under the domination of the
4669:
4509:
Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale
4455:
4376:
4356:
4312:
4289:
4284:
4259:
4195:
4119:
3861:
3849:
3810:
3792:
3645:
3184:
2304:
1797:"House of the Telephus Relief: raising the roof on Roman real estate"
1500:
1359:
771:, temples, theatre, numerous houses and necropoles are still buried.
552:
453:
382:
378:
337:
294:
277:
242:
3053:"Herculaneum Uncovered – A conversation with Andrew Wallace-Hadrill"
3010:
Purcell, N., R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies (23 November 2020).
2931:
2458:
2089:"Digital Exploration: Unwrapping the Secrets of Damaged Manuscripts"
1471:"Out of the Ashes: Recovering the Lost Library of Herculaneum" is a
1144:
176:
4763:
4758:
4432:
4371:
4199:
4114:
4102:
4034:
3820:
3815:
3750:
3242:
2968:
1504:
1143:
1089:
1081:
1057:
1042:
1000:
954:
936:
860:
811:
806:
781:
A single main drain collected water from the Forum and from house
741:
542:
463:
374:
351:
2064:"Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, biclīnĭum"
1864:
Stefani, Grete (October 2006). La vera data dell'eruzione. Archeo
4361:
2706:
An Archaeologist's Preliminary Report: Time Warp at Herculaneum,
1606:. 2008, Ankara: Middle East Technical University. 25 (1): 1–25.
950:
923:
680:
4709:
4054:
3591:
3143:
3000:
2943:
2795:
Vesuvius, A.D. 79: The Destruction of Pompeii and Herculaneum.
2632:"Out of the Ashes: Recovering the Lost Library of Herculaneum"
1421:
632:
393:
and used it as a trading post because of its proximity to the
2873:
Pliny the Younger, Letters 6.16 and 6.20 to Cornelius Tacitus
2837:
Herculaneum: The Excavations, Local History and Surroundings.
1730:
Pliny the Younger, Letters 6.16 and 6.20 to Cornelius Tacitus
1094:
The skeleton called the "Ring Lady" unearthed in Herculaneum.
414:
on the side of the "Allies" against Rome and was defeated by
1533:
750:
The classical street layout separates the city into blocks (
579:
to supervise the extensive new project. The publication of "
1762:
Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology (Third ed.)
1560:
1557:
1551:
3139:
1542:
4623:
Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries
2222:"First passages of rolled-up Herculaneum scroll revealed"
2170:"UK scientists stymied in effort to read ancient scrolls"
2145:"UK scientists stymied in effort to read ancient scrolls"
1539:
1029:
Between 1752 and 1754, a number of blackened, unreadable
567:
Major excavations resumed in 1738 under the patronage of
468:
Herculaneum and other cities affected by the eruption of
530:
Multidisciplinary research on the lethal effects of the
3131:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 342–344.
2932:
The local archaeological authorities – Official website
941:
A marble tablet from Herculaneum showing women playing
4295:
City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto
4905:
Populated places established in the 1st millennium BC
2460:
The Herculaneum Conservation Project: an introduction
1554:
1536:
1238:
House Number 22 is noted for this outstanding summer
2788:
The Herculaneum Women: History, Context, Identities.
1548:
676:
672:
a machine-translated version of the Italian article.
340:
cladding. Buildings of the ancient city include the
4559:
Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.)
4551:
4494:
4395:
4303:
4212:
4088:
3988:
3801:
3726:
3681:
3626:
3554:
3533:
3526:
3479:
3421:
3391:
3355:
3334:
3241:
3220:
3213:
3177:
2944:
Herculaneum Conservation Project – Official website
1563:
1545:
1530:
248:
238:
226:
218:
210:
195:
186:
182:
172:
167:
159:
151:
146:
138:
101:
86:
78:
4950:Populated places disestablished in the 1st century
1358:and her distinct facial features, wearing a royal
1290:Residential water pipe made of lead in Herculaneum
855:North of the House of Argus lies the House of the
16:Roman town destroyed by eruption of Mount Vesuvius
2823:Herculaneum: A Reasoned Archaeological Itinerary.
2668:Pompeii: The Mystery of the People Frozen in Time
843:that once adorned a reception room off the large
756:), defined by the intersection of the east–west (
2832:Translated by C. Fordham. Naples, Italy: Electa.
2657:The Other Pompeii: Life and Death in Herculaneum
2548:, image plates and captions between pp. 246-247.
2538:Cleopatra the Great: The Woman Behind the Legend
2506:"Painting with a portrait of a woman in profile"
1830:"House of the Relief of Telephus – AD79eruption"
1037:, the majority of which are today stored at the
713:{{Translated|it|Scavi archeologici di Ercolano}}
2825:Translated by A. Pesce. Naples, Italy: T&M.
2721:National Geographic Special, (11 February 1987)
2585:Herculaneum: DVD: Diaries of Light and Darkness
2024:"House of the Dionysian Reliefs – AD79eruption"
3459:Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum
2802:The Town of Hercules: A Buried Treasure Trove.
2463:. Vesuviana: archeologie a confronto. Bologna.
1140:Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum
701:accompanying your translation by providing an
663:Click for important translation instructions.
650:expand this article with text translated from
4721:
4332:Great Spa Towns of Europe - Montecatini Terme
4066:
3603:
3155:
2993:by Iain Dickson, 'Melvadius Macrinus Cugerni'
2979:Brigham Young University: Herculaneum Scrolls
2713:Bone Lady Reconstructs People at Herculaneum,
1446:. It also portrays the facts of the eruption.
1346:Most likely a posthumous painted portrait of
602:, extending excavations eastwards till 1875.
8:
3032:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2734:Fridericiana Editrice Universitaria, Napoli.
1204:for training students to maintain the site.
918:originally marble-floored are found off the
32:
2730:Petrone P.P., Fedele F. (a cura di), 2002.
1848:"Pompeii's destruction date could be wrong"
1334:, found in dwellings of Resina/Herculaneum.
452:lie above Herculaneum. Ercolano was called
4728:
4714:
4706:
4613:Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps
4073:
4059:
4051:
3610:
3596:
3588:
3530:
3217:
3162:
3148:
3140:
2846:Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
2620:Secrets of the Dead: Herculaneum Uncovered
1650:, 25, 69–94. doi:10.1017/S1047759400001148
377:) founded the city. However, according to
31:
4910:1st-millennium BC establishments in Italy
2793:De Carolis, E., and G. Patricelli. 2003.
2732:Vesuvio 79 A.D. Vita e morte ad Ercolano,
2508:, in Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (eds.),
2397:
1909:
1899:
987:also served as a prominent cultural hub.
4774:Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park
4425:Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park
4270:Padua's fourteenth-century fresco cycles
2725:30 years of National Geographic Special,
2711:Carnegie Mellon Magazine, Vol 4, No. 2.
2510:Cleopatra of Egypt: from History to Myth
1728:Available at the University of Arizona:
1086:"Boat houses" where skeletons were found
835:II takes its name from a lost fresco of
623:, the northwest baths, the House of the
2607:"Terra X Dokumentationen und Kurzclips"
2587:. Online Computer Library Center, Inc.
2196:"The Fall and Rise and Fall of Pompeii"
1595:
1518:
1228:
922:. Several further rooms, including the
609:conducted a new campaign, sponsored by
4155:Residences of the Royal House of Savoy
3025:
2120:"Unlocking the scrolls of Herculaneum"
1183:from Herculaneum are preserved in the
886:. It retains its original flooring of
746:Insulae numbers of main excavated area
289:, Italy. Herculaneum was buried under
3541:Naples National Archaeological Museum
3449:Erotic art in Pompeii and Herculaneum
3133:; contains a plan of Villa Ercolanese
2774:Journal of the History of Collections
2740:National Geographic, Vol 212, No. 3.
2683:National Geographic, Vol 162, No. 6.
1604:Journal of the Faculty of Archaeology
1383:Naples National Archaeological Museum
1185:Naples National Archaeological Museum
247:
237:
225:
217:
209:
194:
185:
7:
2690:National Geographic, Vol 165, No 5.
2504:Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (2001),
1434:, and their last hours, including a
1420:An hour-long drama produced for the
1160:which generally focused on valuable
19:For the modern Italian commune, see
4317:Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
3200:Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD
2830:The Ancient Theatre of Herculaneum.
2697:Discover, magazine, Vol 5, No. 10.
2685:Buried Roman Town Give Up Its Dead,
2118:Banerji, Robin (20 December 2013).
1278:Street paving stones in Herculaneum
851:The House of the Genius (Ins II, 3)
507:prompted most inhabitants to flee.
478:Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD
299:eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD
62:
2969:The Friends of Herculaneum Society
2885:Letter LXVI – To Cornelius Tacitus
2828:Pagano, M., and A. Balasco. 2000.
2797:Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum.
2790:Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum.
1742:Letter LXVI — To Cornelius Tacitus
1056:have been extensively examined by
803:The House of Aristides (Ins II, 1)
385:founded the first settlement. The
14:
2804:Malibu, CA: J. Paul Getty Museum.
2769:Sydney: Ancient History Seminars.
2762:Sydney: Ancient History Seminars.
2704:The Mayo Alumnus, Vol 19, No. 2.
1020:Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus
547:Small Herculaneum Woman (Dresden)
4900:Former populated places in Italy
4890:Museums of ancient Rome in Italy
4880:Archaeological sites in Campania
4514:Archaeological Area of Agrigento
4008:Heraion at the mouth of the Sele
3672:
3666:
3660:
3654:
3281:House of Marcus Lucretius Fronto
3069:
2760:Herculaneum A Roman Town Reborn.
2457:Wallace-Hadrill, Andrew (2008).
2432:. Rome: L'Erma di Bretschneider.
2333:Wallace-Hadrill, Andrew (2011).
1994:"Northwest Baths – AD79eruption"
1971:Wallace-Hadrill, Andrew (2011).
1932:Wallace-Hadrill, Andrew (2011).
1704:Wallace-Hadrill, Andrew (2011).
1659:Wallace-Hadrill, Andrew (2011).
1625:Wallace-Hadrill, Andrew (2011).
1526:
1484:Herculaneum Conservation Project
1367:
1339:
1324:
1312:
1295:
1283:
1271:
1266:, wall mosaic in House Number 22
1255:
1250:decorated with coloured mosaics.
1231:
1054:French National Academy in Paris
867:The House of the Alcove (Ins IV)
637:
275:town, located in the modern-day
61:
54:
38:
4935:1738 archaeological discoveries
4855:Roman towns and cities in Italy
4187:Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan
3933:Flavian Amphitheater (Pozzuoli)
1065:X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography
1052:Two of the rolls stored at the
902:(a dining-couch for two persons
880:is covered and lacks the usual
818:. Roman fresco from Herculaneum
535:those sheltering in buildings.
4925:Human remains (archaeological)
4602:Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo
4192:Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont
3098:New International Encyclopedia
3079:How was Herculaneum Destroyed?
3012:"Places: 432873 (Herculaneum)"
1760:, in Meyers, Robert A. (ed.),
827:The House of Argus (Ins II, 2)
711:You may also add the template
177:Herculaneum – Official website
44:The excavations of Herculaneum
1:
4940:World Heritage Sites in Italy
4082:World Heritage Sites in Italy
3296:House of the Prince of Naples
3205:Foreign influences on Pompeii
2783:Roma: L'Erma di Bretschneider
2559:"Pagina non trovata • DocLab"
1795:Hooper, John (23 July 2012).
1035:Herculaneum papyri or scrolls
4870:Natural disaster ghost towns
4174:Rock Drawings in Valcamonica
2999:Documentary produced by the
2921:Resources in other libraries
2871:from University of Arizona:
2851:Journal of Roman Archaeology
2839:Naples, Italy : Electa.
2335:Herculaneum: Past and Future
1973:Herculaneum: Past and Future
1934:Herculaneum: Past and Future
1901:10.1371/journal.pone.0011127
1764:, Elsevier, pp. 579–605
1706:Herculaneum: Past and Future
1661:Herculaneum: Past and Future
1648:Journal of Roman Archaeology
1627:Herculaneum: Past and Future
1197:Packard Humanities Institute
25:Herculaneum (disambiguation)
3311:House of the Small Fountain
3306:House of the Silver Wedding
3276:House of Loreius Tiburtinus
3271:House of the Greek Epigrams
3266:The Garden of the Fugitives
1381:at Herculaneum, now in the
1213:that had been conserved by
724:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
577:Roque Joaquin de Alcubierre
363:states that the Greek hero
4966:
4865:Destroyed populated places
3471:Pompeii in popular culture
3087:, Volume 2 (December 1872)
2949:AD 79: Year of Destruction
2246:10.1038/d41586-024-00346-8
1137:
994:
675:Machine translation, like
475:
361:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
189:UNESCO World Heritage Site
18:
4895:National museums of Italy
4885:Coastal towns in Campania
4744:
4648:
4321:Etruscan Necropolises of
3877:Catacombs of San Gaudioso
3652:
3444:Portrait of Terentius Neo
3291:House of Octavius Quartio
2916:Resources in your library
2767:Herculaneum A Sourcebook.
2742:Vesuvius. Asleep for Now,
2719:In the Shadow of Vesuvius
1708:. Frances Lincoln Adult.
1694:Strabo, Geography V, 4, 8
1613:30 September 2011 at the
1403:In the Shadow of Vesuvius
1262:Herculaneum, Neptune and
933:College of the Augustales
652:the corresponding article
410:. It participated in the
312:that covered Herculaneum
262:
258:
49:
37:
4759:Ancient remains of Capua
4420:Castel del Monte, Apulia
4182:of Piedmont and Lombardy
3882:Catacombs of San Gennaro
3756:Santa Maria Capua Vetere
3618:Archaeological sites in
3321:House of the Tragic Poet
3195:AD 62 Pompeii earthquake
3113:The Nuttall Encyclopædia
2835:Pirozzi, M. E. A. 2000.
2536:Fletcher, Joann (2008).
1781:22 February 2012 at the
1406:, explored the sites of
1078:Boathouses and the Shore
1039:National Library, Naples
581:Le Antichità di Ercolano
573:Giovanni Antonio Medrano
304:Like the nearby city of
253:Europe and North America
199:Archaeological Areas of
4860:Roman sites of Campania
4686:with 17 other countries
4543:Villa Romana del Casale
4533:Necropolis of Pantalica
4468:Royal Palace of Caserta
4265:Orto botanico di Padova
4256:Torre della Ghirlandina
3761:Arch of Hadrian (Capua)
3128:Encyclopædia Britannica
3084:Popular Science Monthly
2881:Letter LXV – To Tacitus
2786:Daehner, J., ed. 2007.
2692:The Dead Do Tell Tales,
2428:Capasso, Luigi (2001).
1775:The Herculaneum Society
1738:Letter LXV — To Tacitus
722:For more guidance, see
486:to the Roman historian
4824:Vesuvius National Park
4799:Santa Sofia, Benevento
4472:Aqueduct of Vanvitelli
4352:Piazza del Duomo, Pisa
4040:Villa Romana of Minori
3439:Plato's Academy mosaic
3251:House of the Centenary
3233:Villa of the Mysteries
2937:3 October 2017 at the
2844:Vesuvius: A Biography.
2818:Naples, Italy: Electa.
2390:10.1126/sciadv.abg5791
1580:
1480:Andrew Wallace-Hadrill
1302:Wall paintings in the
1202:British School at Rome
1156:
1134:Issues of conservation
1095:
1087:
1009:
958:
819:
747:
605:From 1927 until 1942,
548:
473:
357:
348:History of Herculaneum
23:. For other uses, see
4588:Campello sul Clitunno
4260:Piazza Grande, Modena
4018:Second Temple of Hera
3778:Sant'Angelo in Formis
3766:Amphitheatre of Capua
3683:Province of Benevento
3546:Secret Museum, Naples
3480:Other sites destroyed
3074:Texts on Wikisource:
3058:25 March 2014 at the
2997:Herculaneum Uncovered
2954:62 Pompeii earthquake
2809:Resurrecting Pompeii.
2776:. V. 23, (May):15–28.
2595:– via WorldCat.
2475:"Herculaneum Project"
2220:Marchant, Jo (2024).
2068:www.perseus.tufts.edu
1427:Pompeii: The Last Day
1147:
1093:
1085:
1004:
940:
906:with frescoes in the
810:
745:
695:copyright attribution
546:
467:
412:Social War (91–88 BC)
355:
79:Alternative name
4945:79 disestablishments
4875:Archaeological parks
4275:Porticoes of Bologna
3948:Macellum of Pozzuoli
3628:Province of Avellino
3429:Achilles and Briseis
3316:House of the Surgeon
3261:House of Julia Felix
3046:7 March 2011 at the
2540:. New York: Harper.
2093:www.research.uky.edu
1754:Sigurdsson, Haraldur
1681:Antiquitates Romanae
1460:Marcellino de Baggis
1377:of runners from the
1332:Marcus Nonius Balbus
831:The second house in
569:Charles III of Spain
517:Marcus Nonius Balbus
310:pyroclastic material
4638:Peschiera del Garda
4584:Temple of Clitumnus
4569:Cividale del Friuli
3990:Province of Salerno
3970:Castello Barbarossa
3838:Villa of the Papyri
3728:Province of Caserta
3574:(CIL IV 8123, 8623)
3494:Villa of the Papyri
3347:Macellum of Pompeii
3326:House of the Vettii
3005:Secrets of the Dead
2989:7 June 2011 at the
2800:Deiss, J. J. 1995.
2779:Capasso, L. 2001.
2765:Brennan, B. 2012.
2485:on 27 December 2018
2382:2021SciA....7.5791S
2297:2001Natur.410..769M
2238:2024Natur.626..461M
1892:2010PLoSO...511127M
1398:National Geographic
1379:Villa of the Papyri
1319:Inlaid marble floor
1191:Modern conservation
1015:Villa of the Papyri
1005:A fresco depicting
997:Villa of the Papyri
991:Villa of the Papyri
977:The Central baths (
898:. A highly adorned
760:) and north–south (
621:Villa of the Papyri
342:Villa of the Papyri
203:, Herculaneum, and
123:40.8060°N 14.3482°E
119: /
34:
4819:Trinità della Cava
4809:Sorrento Peninsula
4476:San Leucio Complex
3899:Macellum of Naples
3887:Crypta Neapolitana
3803:Province of Naples
3788:Trebula Balliensis
3482:in the 79 eruption
2959:Herculaneum papyri
2811:London: Routledge.
2758:Brennan, B. 2018.
2744:(September, 2006)
2099:on 1 February 2006
2034:on 29 October 2021
2004:on 29 October 2021
1854:. 16 October 2018.
1491:Margaret Mountford
1438:and his wife, two
1179:A large number of
1157:
1096:
1088:
1010:
965:or priests of the
959:
820:
748:
703:interlanguage link
558:Skulpturensammlung
549:
532:pyroclastic surges
474:
429:It became a Roman
358:
239:Reference no.
155:6th–7th century BC
70:Shown within Italy
4837:
4836:
4703:
4702:
4606:Monte Sant'Angelo
4519:Barumini nuraghes
4437:Certosa di Padula
4129:Monte San Giorgio
4048:
4047:
4023:Tomb of the Diver
3855:Piscina Mirabilis
3826:Grotta di Cocceio
3585:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3464:Pompeian frescoes
3417:
3416:
3409:Temple of Jupiter
3286:House of Menander
3256:House of the Faun
3228:Villa of Diomedes
2897:Library resources
2877:Project Gutenberg
2865:Pliny the Younger
2842:Scarth, A. 2009.
2821:Pagano, M. 2000.
2727:(25 January 1995)
2546:978-0-06-058558-7
2343:978-0-7112-3142-9
2291:(6830): 769–770.
2232:(7999): 461–462.
1981:978-0-7112-3142-9
1942:978-0-7112-3142-9
1734:Project Gutenberg
1715:978-0-7112-3142-9
1669:978-0-7112-3142-9
1635:978-0-7112-3142-9
1375:Bronze sculptures
735:
734:
664:
660:
513:pyroclastic surge
484:Pliny the Younger
460:Eruption of 79 AD
441:Prince d'Elbeuf's
266:
265:
4957:
4754:Amalfi Cathedral
4730:
4723:
4716:
4707:
4252:Modena Cathedral
4160:Rhaetian Railway
4075:
4068:
4061:
4052:
4013:Temple of Athena
3980:Villa Boscoreale
3713:Ligures Baebiani
3676:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3589:
3531:
3518:Villa Boscoreale
3434:Alexander Mosaic
3399:Temple of Apollo
3301:House of Sallust
3218:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3141:
3132:
3117:
3102:
3073:
3037:
3031:
3023:
3021:
3019:
2964:Blogging Pompeii
2807:Lazer, E. 2009.
2687:(December, 1982)
2670:
2665:
2659:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2638:on 25 April 2012
2634:. Archived from
2628:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2561:. Archived from
2555:
2549:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2481:. Archived from
2471:
2465:
2464:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2401:
2370:Science Advances
2360:
2354:
2351:
2345:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2305:10.1038/35071167
2280:
2274:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2194:Hammer, Joshua.
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2095:. Archived from
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2030:. Archived from
2028:sites.google.com
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2000:. Archived from
1998:sites.google.com
1990:
1984:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1913:
1903:
1871:
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1862:
1856:
1855:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1834:sites.google.com
1826:
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1532:
1523:
1371:
1343:
1328:
1316:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1259:
1235:
1101:pyroclastic flow
714:
708:
681:Google Translate
662:
658:
641:
640:
633:
600:Kingdom of Italy
424:House of the Inn
407:opus reticulatum
205:Torre Annunziata
134:
133:
131:
130:
129:
128:40.8060; 14.3482
124:
120:
117:
116:
115:
112:
65:
64:
58:
42:
35:
4965:
4964:
4960:
4959:
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4955:
4954:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4740:
4734:
4704:
4699:
4644:
4547:
4504:Aeolian Islands
4490:
4486:Sassi di Matera
4461:Historic Centre
4391:
4342:Hadrian's Villa
4299:
4237:Le Colline del
4208:
4108:Historic center
4084:
4079:
4049:
4044:
3984:
3797:
3722:
3677:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3650:
3622:
3616:
3586:
3577:
3567:Pompeii Lakshmi
3550:
3522:
3481:
3475:
3454:Pompeian Styles
3413:
3387:
3351:
3330:
3237:
3209:
3173:
3168:
3138:
3120:
3105:
3090:
3060:Wayback Machine
3048:Wayback Machine
3024:
3017:
3015:
3009:
2991:Wayback Machine
2939:Wayback Machine
2927:
2926:
2925:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2893:
2861:
2856:
2814:Pace, S. 2000.
2754:
2752:Further reading
2749:
2701:(October, 1984)
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2655:
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2641:
2639:
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2600:
2583:
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2565:on 1 March 2014
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2017:
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1444:Pliny the Elder
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1352:Ptolemaic Egypt
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1105:fulminant shock
1080:
999:
993:
975:
935:
912:and a spacious
889:opus tesselatum
869:
853:
829:
814:playing with a
805:
795:, built in the
793:Serino aqueduct
740:
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45:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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4930:Mount Vesuvius
4927:
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4769:Caserta Palace
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3938:Lucrinus Lacus
3935:
3925:
3920:
3918:Palazzo a Mare
3915:
3914:
3913:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3872:Bourbon Tunnel
3869:
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3696:Arch of Trajan
3687:
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3649:
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3641:Aequum Tuticum
3638:
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3592:
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3564:
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3537:
3535:
3528:
3527:Archaeological
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
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3509:
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3406:
3404:Temple of Isis
3401:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3373:Suburban Baths
3370:
3365:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3329:
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3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
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3258:
3253:
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3230:
3224:
3222:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3190:Mount Vesuvius
3187:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3144:
3137:
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3135:
3134:
3118:
3103:
3088:
3067:
3064:Ideas Roadshow
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2891:External links
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1189:
1138:Main article:
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995:Main article:
992:
989:
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961:Temple of the
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476:Main article:
470:Mount Vesuvius
461:
458:
418:, a legate of
395:Gulf of Naples
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4863:
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4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
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4845:
4830:
4829:Villa Poppaea
4827:
4825:
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4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
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4777:
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4772:
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4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
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4743:
4739:
4736:Landmarks of
4731:
4726:
4724:
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4717:
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4711:
4708:
4696:
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4473:
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4459:
4458:
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4452:
4451:Villa Poppaea
4448:
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4380:
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4370:
4368:
4367:San Gimignano
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4347:Medici villas
4345:
4343:
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4338:
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4333:
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4247:Valdobbiadene
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4098:Crespi d'Adda
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4030:Pertosa Caves
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3953:Portus Julius
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3936:
3934:
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3916:
3912:
3911:Villa Poppaea
3909:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3892:Virgil's tomb
3890:
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2708:(April, 1983)
2707:
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2699:The Bone Lady
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2523:9780691088358
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2479:www.getty.edu
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1390:Documentaries
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1069:papyrologists
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1024:Julius Caesar
1021:
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973:Central Baths
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967:Imperial cult
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648:You can help
644:
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614:
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607:Amedeo Maiuri
603:
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585:Neoclassicism
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270:
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196:Official name
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30:
26:
22:
4783:
4574:Castelseprio
4441:
4410:Amalfi Coast
4387:Villa d'Este
4179:
4150:Cinque Terre
4134:Porto Venere
3943:Lake Avernus
3867:Aqua Augusta
3832:
3572:Sator Square
3488:
3383:Theatre Area
3363:Amphitheatre
3356:Recreational
3342:Aqua Augusta
3126:
3111:
3096:
3082:
3063:
3016:. Retrieved
2911:Online books
2901:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2741:
2731:
2724:
2718:
2715:Winter, 1985
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2663:
2652:
2640:. Retrieved
2636:the original
2626:
2615:
2601:
2584:
2579:
2567:. Retrieved
2563:the original
2553:
2537:
2532:
2509:
2499:
2487:. Retrieved
2483:the original
2478:
2469:
2459:
2452:
2438:
2429:
2423:
2411:. Retrieved
2373:
2369:
2358:
2349:
2334:
2329:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2269:
2257:. Retrieved
2229:
2225:
2215:
2203:. Retrieved
2199:
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2173:
2164:
2152:. Retrieved
2148:
2139:
2127:. Retrieved
2123:
2113:
2101:. Retrieved
2097:the original
2092:
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2067:
2058:
2048:
2036:. Retrieved
2032:the original
2027:
2018:
2006:. Retrieved
2002:the original
1997:
1988:
1972:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1933:
1928:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1801:The Guardian
1800:
1790:
1770:
1761:
1748:
1724:
1705:
1699:
1690:
1680:
1676:
1660:
1655:
1647:
1642:
1626:
1621:
1603:
1598:
1521:
1450:Pompeii Live
1425:
1401:
1397:
1303:
1245:
1239:
1219:Getty Museum
1208:
1206:
1194:
1178:
1170:
1158:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1097:
1073:
1062:
1051:
1028:
1013:
1011:
984:
978:
976:
960:
945:, depicting
943:knucklebones
919:
913:
909:fourth style
907:
903:
899:
895:opus sectile
893:
888:
881:
875:
873:
870:
854:
830:
821:
782:
780:
773:
766:
761:
757:
751:
749:
699:edit summary
690:
657:
649:
629:
618:
615:
604:
593:
566:
550:
529:
525:
509:
492:
481:
437:
430:
428:
423:
416:Titus Didius
405:
403:
390:
368:
359:
334:
326:
303:
291:volcanic ash
276:
268:
267:
29:
4850:Herculaneum
4784:Herculaneum
4682:Switzerland
4654:Switzerland
4604:located at
4595:located at
4593:Santa Sofia
4586:located at
4552:Countrywide
4538:Val di Noto
4442:Herculaneum
4405:Alberobello
4382:Val d'Orcia
4180:Sacri Monti
3998:Monte Pruno
3975:Villa Jovis
3833:Herculaneum
3489:Herculaneum
3123:Herculaneum
3108:Herculaneum
3093:Herculaneum
2984:Herculaneum
2902:Herculaneum
2853:24:121–160.
2694:(May, 1984)
2489:27 December
2259:11 February
2205:27 December
2200:Smithsonian
2179:16 December
2154:16 December
2129:27 December
2103:16 December
1305:first style
1012:The famous
659:(June 2015)
589:Winckelmann
539:Archaeology
269:Herculaneum
230:1997 (21st
126: /
102:Coordinates
33:Herculaneum
4844:Categories
4779:Faraglioni
4695:Montenegro
4524:Mount Etna
4415:Appian Way
4243:Conegliano
4204:Monferrato
4170:Landscapes
4124:Sabbioneta
3562:CIL 4.5296
3014:. Pleiades
1590:References
1573:Neapolitan
1440:gladiators
1241:triclinium
1123:taphonomic
963:Augustales
915:triclinium
784:impluviums
776:bradyseism
654:in Italian
500:stone pine
435:in 89 BC.
432:municipium
314:carbonized
227:Designated
222:iii, iv, v
168:Site notes
142:Settlement
114:14°20′54″E
111:40°48′22″N
4804:Solfatara
4658:with the
4633:Palmanova
4597:Benevento
4327:Tarquinia
4323:Cerveteri
4228:Dolomites
4214:Northeast
4090:Northwest
3773:Casilinum
3691:Benevento
3555:Artefacts
3214:Buildings
2859:Resources
2642:6 October
2593:277147385
2569:4 October
2413:31 August
2337:. p. 126
2321:205015839
1809:0261-3077
1454:Channel 5
1424:entitled
1400:special,
1247:nymphaeum
1181:artifacts
1162:artifacts
900:biclinium
883:impluvium
845:peristyle
717:talk page
625:Dionysian
611:Mussolini
596:Francis I
551:Prince d'
391:Heraklion
387:Etruscans
330:artifacts
160:Abandoned
4920:Heracles
4915:Ercolano
4749:Aeclanum
4738:Campania
4678:Slovenia
4660:Holy See
4529:Syracuse
4447:Oplontis
4337:Florence
4239:Prosecco
4222:Aquileia
4138:Palmaria
3965:Suessula
3928:Pozzuoli
3906:Oplontis
3845:Liternum
3783:Sinuessa
3718:Saticula
3636:Aeclanum
3620:Campania
3501:Oplontis
3056:Archived
3044:Archived
3028:cite web
2987:Archived
2935:Archived
2408:34433561
2313:11298433
2254:38316998
2174:kentucky
2149:kentucky
2124:BBC News
2073:20 March
1920:20559555
1880:PLOS ONE
1852:BBC News
1814:23 March
1779:Archived
1756:(2001),
1611:Archived
1581:Ercolano
1356:red hair
1210:tablinum
1174:Ercolano
1154:Vesuvius
1150:Ercolano
797:Augustan
789:latrines
762:decumani
738:The city
693:provide
521:Telephus
446:Ercolano
399:Samnites
370:Hercules
365:Heracles
287:Campania
283:Ercolano
219:Criteria
214:Cultural
95:Campania
91:Ercolano
87:Location
82:Ercolano
21:Ercolano
4814:Stabiae
4794:Pompeii
4789:Paestum
4691:Croatia
4674:Germany
4666:Austria
4628:Bergamo
4579:Spoleto
4564:Brescia
4496:Islands
4481:Pompeii
4429:Paestum
4305:Central
4280:Ravenna
4233:Ferrara
4168:Bernina
4162:in the
4146:Tinetto
4003:Paestum
3960:Stabiae
3923:Pompeii
3746:Calatia
3736:Allifae
3708:Caudium
3534:Museums
3513:Stabiae
3392:Temples
3368:Lupanar
3178:History
3171:Pompeii
3116:. 1907.
3101:. 1905.
3018:8 March
3003:Series
2875:and in
2869:Tacitus
2677:Sources
2514:314–315
2399:8386925
2378:Bibcode
2293:Bibcode
2234:Bibcode
2038:2 April
2008:2 April
1911:2886100
1888:Bibcode
1785:. p. 3.
1732:and in
1577:Italian
1473:KBYU-TV
1408:Pompeii
1396:A 1987
1264:Salacia
1244:with a
1047:CT scan
1031:papyrus
1007:Theseus
985:thermae
980:thermae
816:kithara
774:Due to
753:insulae
715:to the
697:in the
656:.
562:Dresden
504:Pompeii
496:Tacitus
488:Tacitus
450:Portici
322:papyrus
306:Pompeii
297:in the
232:session
201:Pompeii
173:Website
152:Founded
147:History
97:, Italy
4680:, and
4670:France
4456:Naples
4377:Urbino
4357:Pienza
4313:Assisi
4290:Verona
4285:Venice
4196:Langhe
4164:Albula
4120:Mantua
3862:Naples
3850:Miseno
3811:Atella
3793:Vescia
3741:Ausona
3646:Compsa
3335:Public
3221:Villas
3185:Pompei
3066:, 2013
2899:about
2591:
2544:
2520:
2406:
2396:
2376:(35).
2341:
2319:
2311:
2285:Nature
2252:
2226:Nature
2053:425–38
1979:
1944:. p 47
1940:
1918:
1908:
1807:
1712:
1667:
1633:
1501:Naples
1442:, and
1436:fuller
1360:diadem
1225:Photos
1215:Maiuri
1152:, and
1043:X-rays
947:Phoebe
927:alcove
920:atrium
877:atrium
857:Genius
833:insula
812:Cupids
553:Elbeuf
454:Resina
383:Oscans
381:, the
379:Strabo
338:marble
295:pumice
278:comune
271:is an
249:Region
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