157:
146:
115:
48:
630:
180:
169:
127:
4611:
4667:
4619:
4675:
707:
4627:
619:
4659:
4683:
1279:
1868:
4651:
4643:
4635:
1878:
1888:
1067:
585:
in 1871, although the region's autonomy was also guaranteed. Great
Britain continued to try to exert influence through commercial ventures, but these were not successful. There were also various Tunisian land ownership disputes among France, Britain and Italy.
476:
occurred in two phases in 1881: the first (28 April â 12 May) consisting of the invasion and securing of the country before the signing of a treaty of protection, and the second (10 June â 28 October) consisting of the suppression of a rebellion. The
1969:
552:
by
Western fleets. Lastly, Tunisians had little control on foreign trade as old 16th century agreements with European powers limited custom taxes to 3%. As a result, its small industry was devastated by imports, especially in the area of
811:
energetically took advantage of his position as
Resident, leaving the Bey essentially powerless, and in effect administering Tunisia as another French colony. The French established an important naval base at Bizerte in 1898.
2414:
698:
between 1859 and 1881, who resided in Ksar SaĂŻd. Surprised, Sadok Bey requested several hours for reflection, and immediately gathered his cabinet. Some of its members insisted that the bey should escape towards
1962:
2211:
1955:
4590:
226:
2407:
3361:
2204:
3012:
2400:
1507:
4925:
4920:
1924:
3236:
653:
150:
3988:
3844:
3493:
2197:
4785:
4449:
772:), together with four cannon boats. Sfax was bombarded, and on 16 July the city was invested after hard fighting, with 7 dead and 32 wounded for the French. At
1512:
219:
3902:
4484:
3897:
574:
4930:
2957:
2690:
4595:
4505:
47:
3998:
3483:
2658:
3296:
1529:
1099:
212:
3853:
1251:
3082:
3072:
3005:
1366:
3351:
4880:
1594:
4915:
4193:
2892:
2333:
1031:
4500:
4479:
295:
4885:
3498:
1917:
1519:
4820:
1071:
4910:
4830:
3837:
2836:
2374:
2223:
952:
899:
577:
attempted to reinforce their influence in
Tunisia. The Italian representative failed through clumsiness, but the British representative
517:
4274:
3169:
776:
32,000 men, 6,000 horses and 20,000 tons of supplies and material were landed. Kairouan was taken without a fight on 28 October 1881.
4835:
4442:
4150:
3366:
2998:
1431:
703:
to organize resistance, but Sadok Bey decided to accept the protectorate. The Bardo Treaty was signed by both parties on 12 May 1881.
4580:
4329:
4223:
3393:
4257:
3595:
2528:
1703:
1112:
1049:
946:
756:) to join the French Navy ships in Tunisian waters. In Sfax, three ironclads from the Division of the Levant were already present (
3478:
3356:
3301:
3164:
570:
3777:
3632:
2518:
1881:
544:. France had also made a major loan to Tunisia in the mid-19th century. The Tunisian government was weak, with an inefficient
4900:
2488:
1910:
548:
that only brought it one-fifth of the tax collected. The economy was crippled with a series of droughts and the elimination of
514:
4167:
4162:
2538:
1241:
629:
4905:
4895:
3830:
2863:
2005:
2000:
1762:
1199:
1177:
893:
796:
478:
94:
4765:
4435:
4177:
3590:
3543:
3533:
3518:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3042:
2651:
1713:
1611:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1419:
1359:
1209:
832:
763:
3782:
3331:
581:
was more successful. In order to limit French influence, Wood obtained the reinstatement of
Tunisia as a province of the
4800:
4585:
4238:
4083:
3957:
3807:
3448:
3179:
2750:
2511:
2264:
1475:
1092:
315:
285:
4354:
3458:
1448:
375:
4715:
4113:
4044:
3428:
2831:
2506:
2493:
1674:
1652:
1172:
4541:
4145:
2868:
4890:
4118:
3732:
3637:
3600:
3548:
3443:
3418:
3398:
3209:
3114:
2176:
1774:
1453:
1371:
1204:
842:
837:
597:
in 1878, a diplomatic arrangement was made for France to take over
Tunisia while Great Britain obtained control of
425:
320:
2611:
1589:
4870:
4775:
4710:
4557:
3983:
3767:
3727:
3438:
3286:
2755:
2616:
2379:
1633:
1626:
1426:
1307:
350:
305:
4344:
4010:
3762:
706:
4770:
3945:
2644:
2598:
2097:
1638:
1128:
506:
435:
365:
1621:
4875:
4734:
4407:
4397:
4339:
4279:
4125:
3952:
3935:
3737:
3722:
3523:
3403:
1847:
1842:
1757:
1725:
1562:
1443:
1376:
1312:
1302:
1278:
1266:
1214:
1085:
732:
482:
330:
4536:
4531:
4198:
4135:
3918:
3573:
3413:
3021:
2570:
2423:
2323:
2313:
2244:
2220:
1978:
1933:
1730:
1669:
1579:
1261:
1256:
711:
4140:
1606:
4720:
4562:
4526:
4284:
3962:
3872:
3672:
3291:
3189:
2730:
2460:
2254:
1718:
1698:
1693:
1502:
1480:
1226:
695:
691:
578:
415:
184:
173:
119:
3184:
661:
161:
4810:
4705:
4567:
4458:
4289:
4208:
4203:
3923:
3757:
3662:
3585:
3553:
3281:
3119:
3052:
1681:
1664:
1616:
1524:
1414:
1337:
1287:
757:
666:
686:, which had just been cabled to him by the French government. On May 11, Bréart, the general consul
643:
4750:
4269:
4078:
4032:
4003:
3787:
3752:
3538:
3453:
3408:
3261:
2926:
2745:
2249:
2082:
2043:
1987:
1891:
1817:
1805:
1747:
1740:
1708:
1402:
1354:
1246:
687:
566:
410:
390:
355:
236:
39:
618:
4730:
4402:
4369:
4334:
4213:
4130:
4108:
4088:
4054:
3747:
3558:
3528:
3346:
3336:
3306:
3241:
3159:
3077:
2591:
2501:
2450:
2356:
2343:
2274:
2072:
2023:
2015:
1784:
1601:
1572:
1545:
1490:
1342:
1327:
1322:
1236:
1231:
1120:
804:
594:
460:
420:
360:
340:
325:
300:
290:
270:
4795:
4725:
4700:
4510:
4389:
4374:
4250:
4218:
4172:
3742:
3667:
2878:
2873:
2821:
2760:
2565:
2548:
2171:
2166:
1795:
1769:
1584:
1386:
1219:
1045:
1027:
942:
936:
889:
883:
816:
529:
450:
981:
917:
869:
4780:
4760:
4384:
4264:
4059:
3993:
3940:
3882:
3580:
3109:
2912:
2882:
2740:
2480:
2445:
2125:
1871:
1824:
1812:
1800:
1752:
1735:
1167:
1155:
1140:
723:
549:
455:
430:
380:
280:
17:
690:, and General Pierre LĂ©on Mauraud, accompanied by an armed escort, presented the treaty to
4364:
4359:
4027:
3887:
3867:
3772:
3717:
3568:
3563:
3174:
2931:
2902:
2667:
2560:
2543:
2077:
2055:
1832:
1686:
1557:
1436:
1187:
1182:
1160:
1150:
1133:
683:
532:
in retaliation for acts of piracy. In the 19th century
Tunisian commercial contacts with
400:
385:
131:
3271:
589:
The French wished to take control of
Tunisia, which neighboured their existing colony of
4805:
4790:
4755:
4308:
4155:
4037:
4022:
3930:
3892:
3697:
3647:
3311:
3276:
3266:
3047:
2918:
2858:
2852:
2455:
2306:
2297:
2259:
2135:
2060:
2028:
1995:
1567:
1332:
800:
601:
from the
Ottomans. Subsequently, the use of Tunisian territory as a sanctuary by rebel
582:
502:
310:
255:
250:
3822:
4864:
4848:
4815:
4301:
4296:
3967:
3877:
3652:
3433:
3341:
2907:
2813:
2780:
2700:
2555:
2148:
2065:
2038:
1837:
1495:
1485:
789:
785:
445:
395:
370:
335:
275:
4841:
3682:
3677:
2586:
2440:
2432:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2033:
679:
525:
345:
678:
Bréart entered Tunis between May 3 and May 6, 1881. He had in his possession the
1021:
4416:
4379:
4349:
4313:
4244:
4229:
4073:
3687:
3154:
2770:
2318:
2105:
808:
537:
405:
265:
4049:
4015:
3488:
2969:
2720:
2710:
2705:
2292:
2231:
1145:
545:
799:, with great powers for the French, the French Resident being simultaneously
4064:
3642:
3627:
2990:
2975:
1381:
1192:
602:
541:
440:
2153:
569:
of 1870â71, France's international prestige was severely damaged, and both
1066:
3692:
2465:
2302:
2282:
1902:
773:
718:
An insurrection soon broke out in the south on 10 June 1881, and then in
700:
554:
536:
were numerous, and there was a population of French, Italian and
British
4427:
3657:
2963:
2715:
2351:
2287:
2143:
2087:
1108:
657:
590:
521:
498:
77:
204:
2328:
2239:
2048:
1347:
727:
598:
533:
156:
145:
114:
1077:
2470:
2361:
820:
705:
672:
53:
719:
639:
4431:
3826:
2994:
2801:
2678:
2640:
2396:
2193:
1951:
1906:
1081:
208:
593:, and to suppress Italian and British influence there. At the
510:
1026:, European Studies, Basingstoke-London: Palgrave Macmillan,
4591:
Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
509:, although with great autonomy under the authority of a
1023:
Greater France: a history of French overseas expansion
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
861:
859:
857:
788:
silently approved the invasion of the country, while
605:
bands gave a pretext for the military intervention.
4743:
4691:
4550:
4519:
4493:
4472:
4465:
4322:
4186:
4099:
3976:
3911:
3860:
3800:
3710:
3620:
3613:
3511:
3471:
3386:
3379:
3324:
3254:
3229:
3222:
3202:
3147:
3102:
3095:
3065:
3035:
3028:
2891:
2830:
2812:
2769:
2729:
2689:
2633:
2579:
2527:
2479:
2431:
2342:
2273:
2230:
2134:
2096:
2014:
1986:
1940:
1783:
1651:
1544:
1401:
1286:
1119:
32:
4786:Provisional Russian Administration in Bulgaria
4443:
3838:
3006:
2652:
2408:
2205:
1963:
1918:
1513:Assembly of the Representatives of the People
1093:
220:
8:
941:, Cambridge University Press, p. 179,
652:On 28 April 1881, 28,000 men under General
4469:
4450:
4436:
4428:
3845:
3831:
3823:
3797:
3707:
3617:
3508:
3468:
3383:
3321:
3251:
3226:
3199:
3144:
3099:
3062:
3032:
3013:
2999:
2991:
2844:
2809:
2798:
2686:
2675:
2659:
2645:
2637:
2415:
2401:
2393:
2212:
2198:
2190:
1970:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1925:
1911:
1903:
1657:
1550:
1407:
1292:
1100:
1086:
1078:
930:
928:
926:
803:, controller of the State's finances, and
642:by French troops (top), and the Battle of
227:
213:
205:
29:
4771:First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)
1508:National Council of Regions and Districts
4926:Resistance to the French colonial empire
1530:Independent High Authority for Elections
540:in the country, that was represented by
4921:19th-century military history of France
1004:
977:
913:
885:First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913â1936
865:
853:
656:entered Tunisia. On 1 May, the city of
481:that was established lasted until the
4596:Expulsion of the Albanians, 1877â1878
819:leading to the Italian occupation of
815:Italy would respond with the 1911â12
7:
3444:Second Franco-Dahomean War (1892â94)
1887:
4831:Convention of Constantinople (1881)
4485:MontenegrinâOttoman War (1876â1878)
3854:International relations (1814â1919)
3459:VouletâChanoine Mission (1898â1900)
3449:Second Madagascar expedition (1895)
2375:French colonization of the Americas
1877:
25:
4931:African resistance to colonialism
3419:French conquest of Senegal (1854)
27:Conquest of Tunisia by the French
4681:
4673:
4665:
4657:
4649:
4641:
4633:
4625:
4617:
4609:
4506:SerbianâTurkish Wars (1876â1878)
4501:Herzegovina uprising (1875â1877)
4480:Herzegovina uprising (1875â1877)
3808:Ouvéa cave hostage taking (1988)
3499:Intervention in Mexico (1861â67)
3439:First Franco-Dahomean War (1890)
3332:BurmaâFrance relations (1729â56)
1886:
1876:
1867:
1866:
1277:
1065:
660:surrendered to the 8,000 men of
628:
617:
178:
167:
155:
144:
125:
113:
46:
4821:AustroâSerbian Alliance of 1881
3673:Tunisian independence (1952â56)
3454:Menalamba rebellion (1895-1903)
3292:French and Indian War (1754â60)
2869:French domains of the Holy Land
1020:Aldrich, Robert (15 Sep 1996),
955:from the original on 2014-01-11
938:The Cambridge history of Africa
902:from the original on 2014-05-02
3723:Holy Man's Rebellion (1901â36)
3663:Kongo-Wara rebellion (1928â31)
3554:Cochinchina Campaign (1858â62)
3307:Haitian Revolution (1791â1804)
2864:French domains of Saint Helena
1981:in Africa and the Indian Ocean
807:of its armed forces. In 1882,
479:French protectorate of Tunisia
1:
4881:French colonisation in Africa
4581:Russo-Turkish War (1877â1878)
4224:KronstadtâToulon naval visits
4178:1917 Franco-Russian agreement
4168:JapanâKorea Annexation Treaty
3788:First Indochina War (1946â54)
3539:Franco-Tahitian War (1844â47)
833:History of French-era Tunisia
4801:Battles for Plav and Gusinje
4586:Romanian War of Independence
4084:Second Industrial Revolution
3958:League of the Three Emperors
3601:Franco-Siamese crisis (1893)
3185:King William's War (1689â97)
2599:Port Louis-Philippe (Akaroa)
18:French occupation of Tunisia
4886:French military occupations
4836:British Occupation of Egypt
4716:Budapest Convention of 1877
4114:Treaty of Versailles (1871)
3668:Malagasy Uprising (1947â48)
3494:ArgentinaâUruguay (1845â50)
3367:Egypt and Syria (1798â1801)
3282:King George's War (1744â48)
2839: and Antarctic Lands
1595:Water supply and sanitation
888:, E.J. Brill, p. 735,
501:had been a province of the
68:28 April â 23 December 1881
4947:
4911:History of Overseas France
4826:French conquest of Tunisia
4163:JapanâKorea Treaty of 1905
3549:French conquest of Vietnam
3262:Queen Anne's War (1702â13)
1072:French conquest of Tunisia
843:French conquest of Morocco
838:French conquest of Algeria
474:French conquest of Tunisia
33:French conquest of Tunisia
4711:Constantinople Conference
4606:
4576:
4558:1878 Macedonian rebellion
3984:European balance of power
3773:Franco-Thai War (1940â41)
3569:Sino-French War (1884â85)
3564:Tonkin Campaign (1883â86)
3484:RĂo de la Plata (1838â40)
3312:Santo Domingo (1795â1809)
3022:French colonial conflicts
2952:
2847:
2808:
2797:
2756:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2685:
2674:
2617:French East India Company
2607:
2392:
2380:French West India Company
2370:
2189:
2162:
1947:
1862:
1660:
1553:
1415:President of the Republic
1410:
1299:Administrative divisions
1295:
1275:
714:on outpost in Tunis, 1881
246:
190:
137:
106:
60:
45:
37:
4916:FranceâTunisia relations
4766:1876 Ottoman coup d'Ă©tat
4275:Venezuela Naval Blockade
3946:Anglo-Russian Convention
3648:Volta-Bani War (1915â16)
3512:Asia & Pacific Ocean
3267:Chickasaw Wars (1721â52)
2895: the Indian Ocean
1252:2013â14 political crisis
1227:Independence declaration
671:, who then continued to
520:bombarded the cities of
507:Conquest of Tunis (1574)
4735:Treaty of Berlin (1878)
4280:Alaska boundary dispute
3953:Anglo-Japanese Alliance
3936:Franco-Russian Alliance
3783:South Vietnam (1945â46)
3653:Kaocen revolt (1916â17)
3581:Second Opium War (1860)
3574:North Vietnam (1886â96)
3559:North Vietnam (1873â74)
3362:East Indies (1793â1801)
3297:North America (1778â83)
3165:North America (1627â29)
3155:Beaver Wars (1609â1701)
2803:Uninhabited territories
2314:Saint Kitts & Nevis
1563:Central Bank of Tunisia
790:Italy protested in vain
684:protectorate on Tunisia
654:Forgemol de Bostquénard
483:independence of Tunisia
151:Forgemol de Bostquénard
4901:Wars involving Tunisia
4542:KresnaâRazlog uprising
4537:Razlovtsi insurrection
4532:April Uprising of 1876
4199:Unification of Germany
4146:TaftâKatsura agreement
3718:Boxer Rebellion (1901)
3683:Cameroon War (1955â64)
3678:Algerian War (1954â62)
3596:Leewards War (1888â97)
3394:Indian Ocean (1809â11)
3272:Dummer's War (1721â25)
3175:Carib Expulsion (1660)
2733: collectivities
2571:Sanjak of Alexandretta
2424:Former French colonies
2221:Former French colonies
1979:Former French colonies
1934:French overseas empire
1267:25 July 2021 self-coup
1262:2021 Tunisian protests
1257:2018 Tunisian protests
882:Houtsma, M Th (1993),
795:Tunisia thus became a
715:
138:Commanders and leaders
4906:French Third Republic
4896:Wars involving France
4721:Treaty of San Stefano
4563:Epirus Revolt of 1878
4527:Stara Zagora Uprising
4285:First Moroccan Crisis
3999:Spread of nationalism
3963:Eight-Nation Alliance
3698:Bizerte crisis (1961)
3529:Philippines (1844â45)
3479:West Indies (1804â10)
3434:Ivory Coast (1883â98)
3357:East Indies (1778â83)
3287:Nova Scotia (1749â55)
3277:Natchez revolt (1729)
3237:West Africa (1758â63)
3170:West Indies (1635â59)
3043:South Carolina (1562)
2680:Inhabited territories
2612:FranceâAsia relations
2167:Somaliland (Djibouti)
726:were dispatched from
709:
692:Muhammad III as-Sadiq
4811:Dual Alliance (1879)
4706:Reichstadt Agreement
4568:Cretan revolt (1878)
4459:Great Eastern Crisis
4290:Algeciras Conference
4270:Annexation of Hawaii
4209:Great Eastern Crisis
4204:Unification of Italy
4194:Formation of Romania
4011:FrenchâGerman enmity
3190:Santo Domingo (1691)
2958:overseas departments
2893:Scattered Islands in
2774: collectivity
2232:French North America
1367:World Heritage Sites
1237:Republic declaration
1210:naturalization issue
1074:at Wikimedia Commons
561:Colonial competition
4751:Bulgarian Exarchate
4355:PhilippineâAmerican
4340:First Sino-Japanese
4173:Racconigi agreement
4119:Treaty of Frankfurt
4079:Great Rapprochement
4033:Scramble for Africa
3643:Zaian War (1914â21)
3628:Wadai War (1906â11)
3404:Algeria (1835â1903)
3352:Vietnam (1777â1820)
3302:Caribbean (1778â83)
2927:Juan de Nova Island
2814:North Pacific Ocean
2426:in Asia and Oceania
1247:Tunisian revolution
1215:Protests of 9 April
1200:French protectorate
797:French protectorate
712:Chasseurs d'Afrique
567:Franco-Prussian War
456:South Africa (1914)
421:South Africa (1906)
386:South Africa (1899)
356:Matabeleland (1896)
346:South Africa (1895)
326:Matabeleland (1893)
291:Somalia (1888â1924)
286:Equatoria (1886â89)
256:South Africa (1880)
251:South Africa (1879)
238:Scramble for Africa
95:French protectorate
40:Scramble for Africa
4731:Congress of Berlin
4466:Wars and conflicts
4214:Congress of Berlin
4131:Reinsurance Treaty
4109:Congress of Vienna
4089:Industrial warfare
4055:Scramble for China
3693:Ifni War (1957â58)
3688:Suez Crisis (1956)
2832:Overseas territory
2357:France Antarctique
2344:Equinoctial France
2307:Dominican Republic
1634:Traditional crafts
1612:Telecommunications
1573:Banking in Tunisia
1232:Kingdom of Tunisia
805:Commander in Chief
784:Great Britain and
716:
595:Congress of Berlin
485:on 20 March 1956.
311:Mashonaland (1890)
93:Tunisia becomes a
4891:Conflicts in 1881
4858:
4857:
4796:League of Prizren
4726:Cyprus Convention
4701:Berlin Memorandum
4604:
4603:
4511:Kumanovo uprising
4425:
4424:
4394:Albanian Revolts
4251:German Naval Laws
4235:Naval arms races
4219:Berlin Conference
4151:Hague Conventions
3820:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3796:
3795:
3763:Vietnam (1930â31)
3748:Cilicia (1920â21)
3738:Vietnam (1918â21)
3733:Vietnam (1917â18)
3706:
3705:
3658:Rif War (1920â26)
3638:Morocco (1911â12)
3633:Casablanca (1907)
3609:
3608:
3507:
3506:
3467:
3466:
3429:Madagascar (1883)
3399:Algeria (1830â47)
3375:
3374:
3320:
3319:
3250:
3249:
3218:
3217:
3198:
3197:
3143:
3142:
3115:Senegal (1659â77)
3091:
3090:
3061:
3060:
3048:Florida (1562â65)
2988:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2883:Amsterdam Islands
2874:Kerguelen Islands
2822:Clipperton Island
2793:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2761:Wallis and Futuna
2629:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2529:Mandate for Syria
2519:Kouang-Tchéou-Wan
2481:Indochinese Union
2388:
2387:
2185:
2184:
2098:Equatorial Africa
1900:
1899:
1858:
1857:
1829:National symbols
1647:
1646:
1590:Natural resources
1540:
1539:
1520:Political parties
1476:Foreign relations
1397:
1396:
1387:Tunisian diaspora
1220:Tunisian campaign
1205:National movement
1070:Media related to
1033:978-0-312-16000-5
935:Fage, JD (1975),
817:Italo-Turkish War
662:Jules Aimé Bréart
518:Rafélis de Broves
469:
468:
426:Morocco (1907â34)
416:Morocco (1905â06)
411:Tanganyika (1905)
391:Somaliland (1900)
331:Morocco (1893â94)
316:Katanga (1891â92)
281:Madagascar (1883)
203:
202:
162:Jules Aimé Bréart
102:
101:
16:(Redirected from
4938:
4871:1880s in Tunisia
4781:Eastern Question
4686:
4685:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4470:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4429:
4345:SpanishâAmerican
4265:Fashoda Incident
4141:Treaty of Björkö
4126:Treaty of Berlin
4060:Open Door Policy
3994:Eastern question
3941:Entente Cordiale
3847:
3840:
3833:
3824:
3798:
3778:Indochina (1945)
3708:
3618:
3509:
3489:Mexico (1838â39)
3469:
3384:
3322:
3252:
3227:
3200:
3160:Brazil (1612â15)
3145:
3120:Djidjelli (1664)
3100:
3083:Brazil (1590â04)
3078:Brazil (1555â67)
3063:
3033:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2992:
2913:Glorioso Islands
2894:
2845:
2838:
2834:
2810:
2799:
2773:
2746:Saint Barthélemy
2741:French Polynesia
2732:
2692:
2687:
2676:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2638:
2446:Coromandel Coast
2417:
2410:
2403:
2394:
2275:French Caribbean
2255:Terre Neuve
2214:
2207:
2200:
2191:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1949:
1945:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1904:
1890:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1870:
1869:
1675:Higher education
1658:
1551:
1449:Fundamental Pact
1408:
1293:
1281:
1242:1987 coup d'Ă©tat
1183:Regency of Tunis
1173:Medieval history
1168:Byzantine Empire
1141:Ancient Carthage
1102:
1095:
1088:
1079:
1069:
1054:
1040:Randier (2006),
1036:
1008:
1002:
985:
975:
958:
956:
932:
921:
911:
905:
903:
879:
873:
863:
770:La GalissonniĂšre
688:Théodore Roustan
670:
632:
621:
579:Sir Richard Wood
371:Wassoulou (1898)
336:Wassoulou (1894)
276:Wassoulou (1883)
241:
239:
229:
222:
215:
206:
183:
182:
181:
172:
171:
170:
160:
159:
149:
148:
130:
129:
128:
118:
117:
62:
61:
50:
30:
21:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4739:
4693:
4687:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4608:
4600:
4572:
4546:
4515:
4489:
4461:
4456:
4426:
4421:
4360:Boxer Rebellion
4318:
4182:
4136:Treaty of Paris
4101:
4095:
4028:New Imperialism
3989:Ottoman decline
3972:
3919:Triple Alliance
3907:
3868:Austria-Hungary
3856:
3851:
3821:
3812:
3792:
3753:Syria (1925â27)
3743:Syria (1919â21)
3702:
3605:
3586:Japan (1863â64)
3519:Moluccas (1810)
3503:
3463:
3371:
3347:India (1756â63)
3342:India (1749â54)
3337:India (1746â48)
3316:
3246:
3214:
3194:
3180:Texas (1685â89)
3139:
3087:
3057:
3024:
3019:
2989:
2980:
2962:Claimed by the
2936:
2932:Tromelin Island
2903:Bassas da India
2887:
2837:French Southern
2826:
2804:
2785:
2765:
2725:
2693: regions
2681:
2670:
2668:Overseas France
2665:
2621:
2603:
2575:
2561:Greater Lebanon
2531:and the Lebanon
2530:
2523:
2475:
2427:
2421:
2384:
2366:
2338:
2269:
2226:
2224:in the Americas
2218:
2181:
2158:
2130:
2092:
2010:
1982:
1976:
1936:
1931:
1901:
1896:
1854:
1838:National anthem
1779:
1775:Public holidays
1687:Tunisian Arabic
1643:
1558:Bourse de Tunis
1536:
1393:
1282:
1273:
1178:Muslim conquest
1134:Capsian culture
1115:
1106:
1062:
1052:
1039:
1034:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1003:
988:
976:
961:
949:
934:
933:
924:
912:
908:
896:
881:
880:
876:
864:
855:
851:
829:
782:
682:establishing a
664:
650:
649:
648:
647:
635:
634:
633:
624:
623:
622:
611:
563:
496:
491:
470:
465:
451:Libya (1911â12)
361:Zanzibar (1896)
351:Ethiopia (1896)
242:
237:
235:
233:
179:
177:
176:
168:
166:
154:
153:
143:
126:
124:
112:
89:French victory
80:
56:in October 1881
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4944:
4942:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4876:1881 in Africa
4873:
4863:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4806:Pact of Halepa
4803:
4798:
4793:
4791:British Cyprus
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4756:Deligrad Event
4753:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4697:
4695:
4689:
4688:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4476:
4474:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4432:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4392:
4387:
4377:
4372:
4370:Russo-Japanese
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4335:Anglo-Egyptian
4332:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4309:Bosnian Crisis
4306:
4305:
4304:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4258:Austro-Italian
4255:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4233:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4156:Martens Clause
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4111:
4105:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4038:Egyptian Lever
4025:
4023:Pax Britannica
4020:
4019:
4018:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4004:Sovereign debt
4001:
3996:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3931:Triple Entente
3928:
3927:
3926:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3898:United Kingdom
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3827:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3804:
3802:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3768:Vietnam (1940)
3765:
3760:
3758:Vietnam (1930)
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3728:Vietnam (1916)
3725:
3720:
3714:
3712:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3624:
3622:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3546:
3544:Tourane (1856)
3541:
3536:
3534:Tourane (1847)
3531:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3475:
3473:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3424:Tunisia (1881)
3421:
3416:
3411:
3409:Morocco (1844)
3406:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3242:Morocco (1765)
3239:
3233:
3231:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3210:Siam (1687â90)
3206:
3204:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3135:Algiers (1688)
3132:
3130:Algiers (1683)
3127:
3125:Algiers (1682)
3122:
3117:
3112:
3110:Morocco (1629)
3106:
3104:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3053:Florida (1568)
3050:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2995:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2956:Also known as
2953:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2919:Banc du Geyser
2910:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2859:Crozet Islands
2856:
2848:
2842:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2695:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2641:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2566:Jabal al-Druze
2563:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2539:State of Syria
2535:
2533:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2397:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2334:Virgin Islands
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2298:Saint-Domingue
2295:
2293:The Grenadines
2290:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2260:French Florida
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2194:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2177:Isle de France
2174:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1952:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1884:
1874:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1827:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1789:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:Radio stations
1701:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1639:Major projects
1636:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1627:Rail transport
1624:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1568:Tunisian dinar
1565:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1427:Prime Minister
1424:
1423:
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1060:External links
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1007:, p. 395.
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801:Prime Minister
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778:
646:(bottom), 1881
644:Djebel Haddeda
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627:
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583:Ottoman Empire
575:United Kingdom
565:Following the
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503:Ottoman Empire
495:
494:Early contacts
492:
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487:
467:
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463:
458:
453:
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446:Morocco (1911)
443:
441:Ouaddai (1909)
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433:
428:
423:
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406:Namibia (1904)
403:
398:
393:
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381:Fashoda (1898)
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341:Ashanti (1895)
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321:Dahomey (1892)
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3073:Brazil (1531)
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2908:Europa Island
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2781:New Caledonia
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2701:French Guiana
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2556:Alawite State
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2155:
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2149:Grande Comore
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2066:Four Communes
2064:
2063:
2062:
2059:
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2049:Arguin Island
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2024:CĂŽte d'Ivoire
2022:
2021:
2019:
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1670:Baccalaureate
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1129:Early history
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4100:Treaties and
3861:Great powers
3614:20th century
3591:Korea (1866)
3423:
3380:19th century
3223:18th century
3096:17th century
3029:16th century
2917:
2851:
2751:Saint Martin
2587:New Hebrides
2441:Chandernagor
2433:French India
2265:French Texas
2121:Ubangi-Shari
2116:Middle Congo
2083:James Island
1988:North Africa
1843:Coat of arms
1758:Christianity
1726:Human rights
1481:Armed Forces
1444:Constitution
1377:Demographics
1338:Central West
1313:Subdivisions
1303:Governorates
1041:
1022:
1014:Bibliography
1005:Randier 2006
978:Aldrich 1996
937:
914:Aldrich 1996
909:
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866:Aldrich 1996
814:
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783:
780:Consequences
769:
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696:Bey of Tunis
680:Bardo Treaty
677:
651:
588:
564:
526:Porto Farina
513:. In 1770,
497:
473:
471:
366:Benin (1897)
301:Congo (1895)
271:Egypt (1882)
266:Sudan (1881)
260:
174:Muhammad III
107:Belligerents
88:
38:Part of the
4776:Opalchentsi
4473:Montenegrin
4417:World War I
4380:Balkan Wars
4365:Second Boer
4350:Banana Wars
4314:July Crisis
4245:Dreadnought
4230:Weltpolitik
4074:Pan-Slavism
3524:Java (1811)
3414:Salé (1851)
2974:Claimed by
2968:Claimed by
2853:Adélie Land
2771:Sui generis
2502:Cochinchina
2319:Saint Lucia
2073:Upper Volta
2016:West Africa
1882:WikiProject
1580:Agriculture
1044:, Babouji,
809:Paul Cambon
665: [
638:Capture of
538:expatriates
376:Chad (1898)
52:Capture of
4865:Categories
4694:agreements
4102:agreements
4050:Great Game
4016:Revanchism
2970:Madagascar
2879:Saint Paul
2711:Martinique
2706:Guadeloupe
2461:Pondichéry
2172:Madagascar
2044:Mauritania
1806:Literature
1719:Censorship
1714:Newspapers
1699:Television
1503:Parliament
1360:Ecoregions
1343:South East
1328:North West
1323:North East
1156:Second War
1146:Punic Wars
980:, p.
916:, p.
895:9004097961
868:, p.
609:Occupation
546:tax system
542:Consulates
505:since the
396:Aro (1901)
196:28,000 men
4520:Bulgarian
4065:Meiji era
3912:Alliances
2976:Mauritius
2835: (
2245:Louisiana
2126:Cameroons
1682:Languages
1665:Education
1617:Transport
1525:Elections
1491:Air Force
1382:Tunisians
1288:Geography
1193:Husaynids
1161:Third War
1151:First War
1042:La Royale
738:Friedland
724:ironclads
515:Brigadier
4744:See also
3472:Americas
3255:Americas
3148:Americas
2731:Overseas
2691:Overseas
2549:Damascus
2498:Vietnam
2489:Cambodia
2466:Karaikal
2283:Dominica
2078:Togoland
1872:Category
1825:Tunisian
1818:Football
1748:Religion
1741:Polygamy
1709:Internet
1607:Industry
1403:Politics
1355:Wildlife
1319:Regions
1113:articles
953:archived
900:archived
827:See also
774:Kairouan
750:Revanche
701:Kairouan
603:Khroumir
573:and the
555:textiles
550:corsairs
530:Monastir
191:Strength
73:Location
4045:In Asia
3878:Germany
3801:Pacific
2964:Comoros
2721:RĂ©union
2716:Mayotte
2634:Present
2592:Vanuatu
2580:Oceania
2352:Berbice
2288:Grenada
2144:Anjouan
2136:Comoros
2088:Albreda
2061:Senegal
2029:Dahomey
2006:Tunisia
2001:Morocco
1996:Algeria
1892:Commons
1785:Culture
1763:Judaism
1653:Society
1602:Tourism
1546:Economy
1437:Cabinet
1372:Museums
1188:Muradid
1121:History
1109:Tunisia
786:Germany
746:Trident
742:Marengo
733:Colbert
710:French
658:Bizerte
591:Algeria
522:Bizerte
499:Tunisia
489:Context
199:Unknown
185:Ali III
132:Tunisia
78:Tunisia
4403:Second
4390:Second
4187:Events
3977:Trends
3893:Russia
3873:France
3621:Africa
3387:Africa
3230:Africa
3103:Africa
2544:Aleppo
2512:Tonkin
2471:Yanaon
2451:Madras
2329:Tobago
2250:Canada
2240:Acadia
2154:Mohéli
2039:Guinea
1941:Former
1796:Cinema
1770:Health
1585:Energy
1348:Djerid
1308:Cities
1111:
1048:
1030:
945:
892:
728:Toulon
722:. Six
599:Cyprus
534:Europe
120:France
85:Result
4551:Greek
4408:Third
4398:First
4385:First
3888:Japan
3883:Italy
2507:Annam
2362:Inini
2303:HaĂŻti
2111:Gabon
2056:Niger
2034:Sudan
1848:Motto
1813:Sport
1801:Music
1792:Arts
1753:Islam
1736:Women
1694:Media
1622:Roads
1333:Sahel
849:Notes
821:Libya
673:Tunis
669:]
571:Italy
54:Tunis
4733:and
4494:Serb
4323:Wars
3711:Asia
3325:Asia
3203:Asia
2881:and
2494:Laos
2456:Mahé
2106:Chad
1833:Flag
1731:LGBT
1496:Navy
1486:Army
1469:2022
1464:2014
1459:1959
1454:1861
1432:List
1420:List
1046:ISBN
1028:ISBN
943:ISBN
890:ISBN
759:Alma
720:Sfax
640:Sfax
528:and
472:The
65:Date
511:Bey
4867::
2305:,
989:^
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962:^
951:,
925:^
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870:29
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