151:). However, later on in his reign he started persecuting all those who worshiped these images. However, the Franks allowed for veneration, although not adoration, of images. He asked Louis the Pious to persuade Pope Eugene II to ban veneration. Louis complied and one of the envoys he sent was Freculf. However this Frankish embassy failed as Eugene II stated that the second Council of Nicaea had already decided that images can be venerated but should not be adored.
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Natumewicz, C. F. "Freculphus of
Lisieux, His Chronicle and a Mont Saint-Michel Manuscript." Horae Eruditae et Codices sancti Michaelis de periculo maris, 90–134. Steenbrugge: 1966. HS 90-1800 Multiple authors: MICHAUD-QUANTIN P., CORDOLIANI A., MATHIEU M., JEAUNEAU E., NATUNEWICZ Ch.-F., PREAUX J.
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that 'his grandfather seems not to have died, but rather with the fog of sleep wiped away, to illumine the world anew, indeed his immortal wit, elegance and virtue shine in the grandson together with the name.' Empress Judith encouraged this comparison of
Charles to Charlemagne, something that he
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However, Freculf did not use the customary ages-of-the-world or chronological models for organizing his material. Instead he traced history through the fall and rise of potentates, realms, and cults through pagan, pre-Roman antiquity, and then through Israel. He only mentioned Rome because it
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as a gift for her son
Charles '. He hoped that this book would 'enable princes to take precautions against disadvantages to themselves and to their subjects'. In a letter to Empress Judith of Bavaria, Freculf flatters the empress while at the same time claiming that her son Charles was so like
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as a 'defender of the faith', all the martyrs, and all six ecumenical councils up until that point. This text, which is often neglected due to its lack of new factual information of contemporary events...crafts a history meant to address present concerns through the 'mirror' of the past.
192:'s chronicle, are the only examples of chronicles encompassing world history until the late twelfth century. It was only after the 13th century that world chronicles would become more numerous. This work provided an excellent example of how important tradition was for the
200:. The second part consisted of the history from incarnation of Jesus up until around 600AD. His work was centered mainly religious aspects, such as the Visigothic conversion to Catholicism, admiration of
98:. He was described as a 'busy, well-connected man'. Some have observed that Freculf was the first medieval writer to see the post-Roman world as something different. He writes that:
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177:. Freculf also mentioned in his book that he hoped Charles would be 'our king of a new age'. Freculf also sent Charles the Bald a copy of the military treatise
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304:. Ed. Michael I. Allen. 2 vols. (1. Prolegomena – Indices; 2. Textus). Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Mediaeualis 169–169A. Turnhout: Brepols, 2002.
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had been expelled from Italy and the last great monument to Rome's state cults had been transformed. It was Roman, however, but Roman ecclesiastical.
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had rejected heresy, and the
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about the veneration of images in 824. This issue was one of the main points of contention in the Church at the time. The
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to the present, but most history writing in the eighth and ninth centuries was considerably more local and specific.
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would be reminded of throughout his reign. However, the influence of
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marked the way and even the Greeks acknowledged that Rome was the head of all churches. It was
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History in the
Carolingian renewal: Frechulf of Lisieux (fl. 830), his work and influence
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Contreni, John (1995). "The
Carolingian renaissance: Education and literary culture".
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The
Carolingian Renaissance: Education and Literary Culture Volume 2: c.700- c.900
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in either 823 or 825 until his death on 8 October 850 or 852. He was a pupil of
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Epistolæ: Letter sent by
Freculf, bishop of Lisieux to Empress Judith of Bavaria
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452:(2006). "Roman Geography and Ethnography in the Carolingian Empire 81:359".
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allowed for peace and prosperity, paving the way for the Church to grow.
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Middle Ages Series : Images, Iconoclasm, and the
Carolingians
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Middle Ages Series : Images, Iconoclasm, and the Carolingians
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Middle Ages Series : Images, Iconoclasm, and the Carolingians
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Middle Ages Series : Images, Iconoclasm, and the Carolingians
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Middle Ages Series : Images, Iconoclasm, and the Carolingians
609:"Tracing the Twelfth-Century Chronica of Richard of Cluny (Draft)"
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Middle Ages Series : Images, Iconoclasm, and the Carolingians
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Middle Ages Series : Images, Iconoclasm, and the Carolingians
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Middle Ages Series : Images, Iconoclasm, and the Carolingians
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Middle Ages Series : Images, Iconoclasm, and the Carolingians
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in two volumes. When he wrote the second part 'he dedicated it to
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from about 824 until his death. He is now best remembered for his
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Freculf's origins are unknown, but it is known that he became a
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The Lives of the Ninth-century Popes (Liber Pontificalis) 16:37
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Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes
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ecclesiastic, diplomat and historian, was a pupil of the
38:, "Freculf of Lisieux"; died 8 October 850 or 852), a
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Freculf was sent by Louis to Rome to negotiate with
688:. Canada: University of Toronto Press. p. ii.
540:The Politics of Dreaming in the Carolingian Empire
730:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 353.
713:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 353.
673:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 352.
656:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 352.
639:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 352.
438:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 352.
394:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 353.
377:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 352.
360:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 352.
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