1202:
respect to political reform the King achieved little. Until his death in 1827, which fell on the anniversary of
Napoleon's death, little was altered in the constitutional configuration of the Saxon state. Undoubtedly, the king avoided making such a move out of respect for the rights of the remaining Lusatian upper classes. Just as little came of the desire of many people to transform the existing political system to accommodate a genuine legislature. There was scarcely any lessening of admiration for the old king who had overseen the destiny of Saxony for more than half a century. During his lifetime he gained the epithet "The Just". Resentment over the delayed economic and social rebuilding of the country was to be felt by his brother, King
153:
696:
1088:. In contrast to the representatives of France, Frederick Augustus was denied participation at the Congress of Vienna as punishment for his supposed role as the quasi-deputy of his former ally Napoleon. Certainly this treatment of the Saxon king was owing to nothing other than the intention of Prussia and Russia to carry out the annexation plans agreed to in Kalisz. That Saxony was not completely abandoned can be attributed to the fear of Austria and France of an overly-strengthened Prussia. Because the Saxon question threatened to break up the Congress, the allies finally agreed to divide Saxony (7 January 1815) with the mediation of the Tsar.
504:
855:
992:(Battle of Nations) the local population of Saxony, which tallied about 2 million, saw almost a million soldiers brought to its territories. Napoleon openly threatened to consider Saxony as enemy territory and treat it accordingly should Frederick Augustus change sides. Frederick Augustus' room for maneuver was consequently greatly limited. He did not want to put the country's well-being into play frivolously. At the same time, he still remembered vividly the way in which Prussia had simply abandoned him in 1806.
846:
974:
36:
1929:
1004:. The Saxon-Austrian Pact was concluded on 20 April and the King made the Prussian and Russian allies aware of it at the same time. Napoleon, from whom Frederick Augustus was not able to keep the diplomatic maneuvers concealed, summoned the King urgently to Saxony after he had defeated the Prusso-Russian troops at
1096:
After his release from a
Prussian prison in February 1815, at first Frederick Augustus delayed his agreement to the division of his country. However, having no other option, he finally gave in, and on 18 May consented to the peace treaty laid before him by Prussia and Russia. With the signing of the
1029:
Frederick
Augustus was mistrustful of Prussia in view of the experiences of the spring and arguably disappointed as well by Austria's decision not to join the Coalition immediately, especially while the country was exposed as before to French domination. Thus he chose not to break with Napoleon. At
1056:
on 22 February: the Duchy of Warsaw would predominantly come under
Russian rule, whereas Prussia would be compensated for relinquished Polish territories with the annexation of Saxon territory. Prussia's appetite for the economically and culturally more developed territories of Saxony originated in
1176:
When
Frederick returned home to Saxony in July 1815 he was greeted enthusiastically throughout the land. Numerous expressions of loyalty also reached the king from the ceded territories, where the populace regarded the new rulers coolly; shortly thereafter the notion of being "mandatory-Prussian"
1012:
Frederick
Augustus' decision brought the country scarcely any relief. Napoleon, angered at the near defection of the King and at the same time dependent upon the full mobilization of all available forces against the Coalition troops, harshly demanded the full resources of Saxony. In addition, the
1201:
The last twelve years of
Frederick Augustus' government passed for the most part quietly. The king's conservative character, which in foreign policy up to 1806 had manifested itself in unconditional loyalty to Saxon interests, hardened even more after the experience of Napoleonic hegemony. With
802:
in 1806 Napoleon inflicted a crushing defeat on the Prusso–Saxon troops. The
Prussian government and army then withdrew headlong to the east. Frederick Augustus, left without any information concerning Prussian intentions, and with Napoleon's troops about to occupy Saxony, was forced to conclude
1192:
Public opinion in Saxony lay decisively on
Frederick Augustus' side at the time of his return. There was a feeling that Prussian policies were too ruthless both against the country and the king. The avarice of special interests in Berlin came across all too clearly as the rewards of the War of
757:
in 1797 served to demonstrate
Frederick Augustus' loyalty to the conventional constitutional principles of the Holy Roman Empire. The Congress of Rastatt was supposed to authorize the surrender to France of the territories on the left bank of the Rhine in return for compensation for the rulers
790:. With respect to the Prussian idea of a north German empire, within which Saxony was supposed to be raised to a kingdom, he appeared reserved. However, after September 1806, in response to the Berlin Ultimatum, which demanded the withdrawal of French troops from the left bank of the Rhine,
1188:
was to discharge the soldiers who came from the annexed territories, but Frederick Augustus' men had not yet made their departure, and the Saxon soldiers rioted over it. Blücher had to flee the city and was able to put down the revolt only by calling up additional Prussian troops.
663:. At the same time, the head of the Saxon Royal House was established as heir to the Polish throne through Article VII of that very constitution. Frederick Augustus declined to accept the crown upon Stanisław's death in 1798 because he feared becoming entangled in disputes with
1008:
on 2 May. Frederick Augustus decided to comply with the ultimatum presented to him. With no prospect of concrete assistance from Austria, and in view of the defeat of the Prussian – Russian coalition, which now sent peace signals to France, he felt he had no choice.
999:
in 1813 without risking a public break with Napoleon and a declaration of war. As the Prussian and Russian troops entered Saxony in the spring, the King first moved to the south in order to avoid a direct encounter and pursued an alliance with Austria secretly from
1068:
After the Battle of Leipzig the Prussian-Russian alliance showed no interest in an alliance with the Saxon king in the wider struggle against Napoleon irrespective of offers of support from Frederick Augustus. Rather, the King was made captive and taken to
1051:
had never had honorable intentions in bringing Saxony into the anti-Napoleon alliance in the first place. Even before Prussia declared war on France on 17 March 1813, it had agreed to an alliance with Russia to the detriment of Saxony and Poland in the
1034:
the Saxon as well as the Polish troops fought on the side of Napoleon. In view of the apparent defeat of the French, even larger Saxon troop formations went over to the Coalition during the battle, whereas the Polish troops were largely annihilated.
726:
warned of the possibility of military action against the French revolutionary government, a provocation that provided the latter with grounds to declare war on Austria in April 1792. Frederick Augustus himself did not sign the Declaration.
988:, Saxony found itself in a more difficult situation than many other warring states. The country was still solidly in Napoleon's grip and at the same time had become the central arena of the war. In the autumn of 1813 at the start of the
891:
concluded with Napoleon in July 1807, Frederick Augustus was also named Grand Duke of Warsaw. Although he had rejected the offer of the throne of Poland in 1795 by the Sejm, he could not refuse a Polish title a second time.
750:. Saxony dropped out of the coalition against France in August 1796 after France had advanced east into the German lands and additional conditions for the Holy Roman Empire to conclude a separate peace were agreed.
1021:
did Austria conclude its alliance with Prussia and Russia. In September, as Napoleon's troops in Saxony formed up to retreat before the expanded Coalition, there came the first defections to the Allies within the
1047:
in 1814 and 1815, Frederick Augustus' position was doomed by his country's difficult geographic position, the changing fortunes of war, a lack of assistance from Austria, and his own vacillations. The
957:
by Polish–Saxon troops when it attempted to take possession of the Duchy and for its part had to cede to the Duchy of Warsaw Polish regions absorbed up to 1795, among them the old Polish royal city of
587:
in 1795. However he did not succeed, for which he blamed himself for the rest of his life. Nevertheless, his efforts at reestablishing an independent Polish nation did endear him to the Polish people.
811:
was signed by authorized representatives of both sides. According to its terms, Saxony was forced to join the Confederation of the Rhine and to surrender parts of Thuringia to the recently organized
746:
issued in March 1793, obliged Frederick Augustus to take part. There was great concern in Saxony in April 1795 when Prussia suddenly concluded a separate peace with France in order to facilitate the
1151:
On 22 May 1815 Frederick Augustus abdicated as ruler of the Duchy of Warsaw, whose territory was annexed mainly to Russia, but also partly to Prussia and Austria. In the area assigned to Russia, a
1100:
Places and areas that had been connected to the Saxon landscape for hundreds of years became completely foreign, absorbed in part into artificially created administrative regions. Examples include
5177:
517:
430:
1181:, where the majority of the regiments of the Saxon Army had been stationed since the beginning of 1815, there was a revolt at the end of April. At the behest of the Prussian king,
3191:
5162:
4748:
762:, the law of the Holy Roman Empire that laid out the new order of the Empire, Saxony refused to agree to territorial adjustments, since these were designed to benefit
5072:
5045:
1013:
country suffered under the changing fortunes of war and associated movements and quartering. At the end of August the Allies failed again to defeat Napoleon at the
53:
656:
5137:
1354:
1084:
until November 1814 or the subsequent Prussian force of occupation (lasting to June 1815), which were responsible for the low morale in Saxony at the end of the
5172:
4743:
2601:
1105:
2463:
503:
3060:
2036:
1952:
946:
Altogether, the Duchy had an initial area of around 104,000 km, with a population of approximately 2,600,000. The bulk of its inhabitants were Poles.
274:
632:
1717:
1474:
648:
2868:
2764:
1538:
695:
152:
5167:
4653:
2489:
1155:
was created to join in a hereditary union with the Russian throne. The old royal city of Kraków no longer belonged to the new kingdom, and became a
2468:
5015:
4673:
3050:
2395:
1933:
2726:
2349:
2167:
1966:
1906:
Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans
1380:
612:
472:
249:
5152:
5107:
4873:
4773:
4693:
2631:
2146:
100:
5112:
4578:
787:
72:
3110:
4668:
4306:
2671:
2641:
2636:
2275:
2213:
2172:
2079:
1230:
978:
896:
627:, functioned as his representative. Through his father's side, he was descended from two kings of Poland, and through his mother's side
385:
137:
5117:
4949:
3550:
2968:
2706:
2626:
2510:
2296:
2270:
2218:
1017:. Meanwhile, Saxony became the principal arena of war and Dresden the midpoint of the French army movements. Not until 9 September in
899:, which Napoleon dictated to Saxony, was linked to the Polish Constitution of 1791 and joined the Duchy of Warsaw hereditarily to the
616:
482:
79:
4868:
4863:
4848:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4688:
4663:
4291:
3120:
2988:
2701:
2621:
2312:
2265:
2208:
2162:
1875:
119:
4878:
4738:
4733:
4713:
4014:
3419:
3222:
2832:
2696:
2661:
2594:
2453:
2244:
2187:
2116:
1685:
1622:
1257:
Frederick Augustus had an illegitimate daughter, born out of an affair with the daughter of a Jewish court financier in Dresden.
1247:
1185:
912:
884:
413:
266:
86:
4954:
4783:
4658:
2800:
2691:
2651:
2494:
2411:
2364:
2354:
2239:
2074:
2029:
1564:
711:
660:
261:
5147:
4994:
4678:
4618:
3974:
3852:
3495:
3373:
3196:
2686:
2646:
2515:
2223:
2055:
1845:
1234:
707:
584:
57:
5060:
919:, which was given to Russia. The area under Prussian control was made up of territory from the former Prussian provinces of
68:
5050:
5020:
4628:
4361:
4260:
3928:
3681:
2973:
2861:
2757:
2484:
2458:
759:
739:
3328:
5040:
4778:
3953:
3701:
3616:
3040:
2369:
1658:
1416:
767:
1911:
Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living
4079:
3781:
3515:
3469:
3464:
3237:
3181:
2896:
2681:
2587:
2536:
2280:
2192:
962:
565:
3393:
5025:
4836:
4758:
4718:
4583:
4452:
4150:
3857:
3741:
3444:
3176:
2998:
2924:
2910:
2889:
2676:
2177:
2100:
2022:
1809:
1596:
1073:
near Berlin and placed under Russian-Prussian custody in the name of a "General Government of High Allied Powers."
1005:
996:
954:
783:
754:
652:
5157:
4919:
4588:
4381:
4175:
4160:
4104:
4054:
3933:
3806:
3786:
3686:
3666:
3596:
3510:
3459:
3434:
3363:
3343:
3282:
3262:
3163:
3018:
2917:
2656:
2359:
2095:
1260:
Without surviving male issue, Frederick Augustus was succeeded as King of Saxony by his younger brother Anthony.
1048:
824:
747:
684:
676:
5132:
5127:
5122:
4914:
4698:
4538:
4356:
4155:
4099:
4094:
4029:
3958:
3826:
3726:
3565:
3505:
3353:
2854:
2773:
2750:
2610:
2141:
1442:
1140:
and ceased to exist as a state. Upper Lusatia was arbitrarily divided: the area assigned to Prussia, including
799:
231:
167:
4613:
4286:
3621:
5142:
4964:
4939:
4633:
4487:
4225:
4190:
4059:
3979:
3867:
3736:
3721:
3656:
3651:
3424:
3358:
3277:
3252:
2666:
2131:
1137:
1058:
1053:
985:
723:
644:
564:
from 1807 to 1815 (in 1812–1813 he was proclaimed, but unrecognized King of Poland), a short-lived disputed
210:
198:
93:
46:
1116:(which was already done away with in 1817 by means of a merger with the Prussian University of Halle), and
854:
4999:
4959:
4944:
4924:
4904:
4899:
4753:
4497:
4412:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4346:
4336:
4240:
4195:
4180:
3711:
3591:
3429:
3333:
3308:
3267:
3217:
3201:
2824:
2816:
2721:
2716:
2531:
2437:
2432:
2333:
2317:
2136:
1773:
1322:
1296:
1237:. During their marriage, Amalia gave birth to four children, but only one daughter survived to adulthood:
1097:
treaty on 21 May 1815, 57% of Saxon territory and 42% of the Saxon population was turned over to Prussia.
624:
4603:
4703:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4407:
4296:
4220:
4210:
4044:
3984:
3913:
3746:
3696:
3631:
3626:
3303:
3130:
3013:
888:
812:
763:
731:
296:
133:
3636:
3232:
1156:
619:. Because he was underage at the time of his father's death of smallpox in 1763, his mother served as
5102:
5097:
4984:
4934:
4608:
4548:
4437:
4427:
4402:
4301:
4235:
4049:
4039:
4019:
3999:
3908:
3888:
3862:
3766:
3731:
3671:
3570:
3560:
3500:
3485:
3287:
2808:
2416:
2059:
1942:
1868:
Der gefangene Sachsenkönig. Eine Erinnerung an Sachsens ersten König, Friedrich August I. (1750–1827)
1182:
904:
680:
580:
549:
357:
332:
158:
17:
4989:
4768:
4763:
4492:
4442:
4326:
4311:
4230:
4215:
4109:
4009:
3923:
3811:
3771:
3691:
3661:
3641:
3575:
3540:
3525:
3520:
3490:
3454:
3449:
3409:
3368:
3272:
3257:
3242:
3227:
3186:
2963:
2182:
1145:
1081:
1062:
808:
771:
4563:
3025:
5035:
5030:
4974:
4929:
4858:
4728:
4573:
4558:
4477:
4417:
4265:
4185:
4145:
4129:
4119:
4089:
4074:
4064:
4024:
3994:
3948:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3676:
3611:
3383:
3348:
3323:
3125:
3075:
3003:
2983:
2978:
2552:
2126:
2121:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1044:
880:
820:
704:
569:
3821:
3751:
3716:
3706:
4386:
4351:
4321:
4281:
4255:
4245:
4200:
4170:
4124:
4069:
3989:
3938:
3918:
3903:
3893:
3872:
3842:
3816:
3776:
3601:
3535:
3530:
3388:
3318:
3171:
3090:
3085:
3008:
2993:
2792:
2390:
2045:
2006:
1973:
1871:
1778:
1203:
1178:
1160:
1031:
1014:
989:
743:
719:
664:
557:
492:
408:
368:
353:
336:
1904:
1890:
1104:, the old capital of the Saxon Electoral State during the Holy Roman Empire, and seat of the
995:
In this difficult situation the King attempted to enter cautiously into an alliance with the
4909:
4793:
4683:
4593:
4432:
4331:
4316:
4165:
4114:
4034:
3943:
3898:
3847:
3761:
3646:
3555:
3545:
3439:
3378:
3140:
2249:
1783:
1023:
924:
920:
4788:
4723:
4708:
4598:
4482:
4472:
4447:
4422:
4250:
4084:
3606:
3414:
3338:
3313:
3135:
3065:
2953:
2877:
1152:
1085:
1077:
1070:
1065:. It did not originate from any necessity to overcome Napoleonic rule in central Europe.
950:
900:
871:
715:
575:
Throughout his political career Frederick Augustus tried to rehabilitate and recreate the
561:
545:
537:
529:
521:
462:
442:
434:
205:
5055:
1061:
had developed in his political testament of 1752 and had already tried to realize in the
940:
5067:
4979:
4969:
4502:
4341:
4205:
4004:
3756:
3100:
3080:
3070:
3030:
2903:
2711:
1996:
1788:
1124:, which was incorporated into one of the new hybrids created by Prussia under the name
718:. The move was intended partly to offer support for the French monarchy in the face of
672:
1136:
had preserved its constitutional autonomy under Saxon rule, was incorporated into the
758:
relinquishing territory. However, at Rastatt and again in 1803 at the issuance of the
5091:
4543:
3247:
3105:
3035:
1947:
1133:
1129:
1109:
591:
965:
that restored the Kingdom of Poland. Napoleon lodged a protest against this action.
3095:
2931:
1225:
on 29 January 1769 (in person), Frederick Augustus married the Countess Palatine (
932:
863:
2566:
1891:"König von Sachsen Friedrich August I. – Biographische Informationen aus der WeGA"
916:
1159:. The internal autonomy that it enjoyed at first was abolished in 1831 after the
4883:
4853:
4841:
4798:
4553:
973:
928:
879:
Frederick Augustus was proclaimed King of Saxony on 20 December 1806. After the
819:
and was raised to the status of a kingdom alongside the Confederation states of
735:
35:
4568:
1141:
1101:
1001:
845:
185:
1913:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 99.
1941:
1209:
Frederick Augustus was entombed in the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Dresden.
903:. Geopolitically the Duchy of Warsaw comprised the areas of the 2nd and 3rd
795:
1956:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 60–61.
958:
908:
804:
1928:
1810:"Anton Graff (1736-1813) - Friedrich August I, King of Saxony (1750-1827)"
4533:
1218:
936:
798:. At that point, Frederick Augustus joined with Prussia. However, at the
791:
628:
1222:
1018:
816:
753:
Both the peace agreement with France and Saxony's participation in the
668:
595:
457:
372:
328:
3115:
2579:
1117:
867:
647:, but due to his young age he was not considered eligible during the
643:
Frederick Augustus' three predecessors as Elector of Saxony had been
620:
576:
2014:
734:
formed between Austria and Prussia. Nonetheless, a declaration of a
27:
Last Elector of Saxony (1763–1806), First King of Saxony (1806-1827)
915:
under joint French and Saxon "protection", and the district around
782:
Frederick Augustus also did not participate in the creation of the
2846:
2742:
1849:(ADB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1878, pp. 786–789
972:
694:
961:. In July 1812 Frederick Augustus ratified a proclamation of the
730:
Saxony wanted nothing to do with the defensive alliance against
611:
Frederick Augustus was the second (but eldest surviving) son of
2850:
2746:
2583:
2018:
447:
Fryderyk August Józef Maria Antoni Jan Nepomucen Alojzy Ksawery
679:. In fact, by then the title would have been in name only - a
439:
Friedrich August Joseph Maria Anton Johann Nepomuk Aloys Xaver
29:
691:
Foreign policy up to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
703:
In August 1791, Frederick Augustus arranged a meeting with
1248:
Maria Augusta Nepomucena Antonia Franziska Xaveria Aloysia
1092:
Acceptance of the post-war order of the Congress of Vienna
935:. In addition, the new state was given the area along the
579:
that was torn apart and ceased to exist after the final
1148:; these areas also lost their constitutional autonomy.
2147:
Prince Frederick, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
1250:(b. Dresden, 21 June 1782 – d. Dresden, 14 March 1863)
1039:
Settlement of Saxon affairs at the Congress of Vienna
544:; 23 December 1750 – 5 May 1827) was a member of the
815:. As compensation, Saxony was given the area around
5178:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
5008:
4892:
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4642:
4522:
4515:
4395:
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3835:
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3402:
3296:
3210:
3162:
3153:
3049:
2950:
2941:
2545:
2524:
2503:
2477:
2446:
2425:
2404:
2378:
2342:
2326:
2305:
2289:
2258:
2232:
2201:
2155:
2109:
2088:
2067:
2054:The generations are numbered from the ascension of
1120:, birthplace and place of residence of the Elector
1080:rather than the government administered by Russian
498:
488:
478:
468:
456:
423:
407:
379:
363:
342:
315:
311:
303:
292:
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255:
245:
237:
230:
219:
204:
194:
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
659:, Frederick Augustus was named successor to King
1076:It was the forceful manner of Prussian minister
132:For Elector Frederick Augustus I of Saxony, see
5046:England expects that every man will do his duty
1172:Standing among the Saxon people upon his return
602:Elector of Saxony and King Designate of Poland
2862:
2758:
2595:
2030:
8:
778:Foreign policy until the peace with Napoleon
617:Maria Antonia Walpurgis, Princess of Bavaria
1272:Ancestors of Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
1221:on 17 January 1769 (by proxy) and again in
683:among those neighboring powers had already
568:in 1812, and a legitimate candidate to the
4519:
3159:
2947:
2869:
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5163:German politicians of the Napoleonic Wars
1539:Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2490:Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
2370:Clemens Wenceslaus, Archbishop of Trier
1801:
831:King of Saxony and Grand Duke of Warsaw
3192:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
2168:Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Saxony
1841:Friedrich August I., König von Sachsen
1638:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1396:
1381:Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony
1286:
1282:
613:Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony
473:Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony
420:
5138:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
4874:Spanish American wars of independence
1715:
1705:
1701:
1689:
1683:
1673:
1656:
1646:
1642:
1626:
1620:
1610:
1594:
1584:
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1568:
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1536:
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1522:
1498:
1488:
1472:
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1446:
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1430:
1414:
1404:
1400:
1384:
1378:
1368:
1352:
1342:
1338:
1326:
1320:
1310:
1294:
1290:
760:Final Report of the Empire Delegation
649:1764 Polish–Lithuanian royal election
299:(as Emperor of Russia, titular ruler)
7:
5173:Polish people of the Napoleonic Wars
788:dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
58:adding citations to reliable sources
18:Frederick Augustus I, King of Saxony
4859:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
2080:William III, Landgrave of Thuringia
1791:– Residence of Frederick Augustus I
969:Events during the War of Liberation
897:Constitution of the Duchy of Warsaw
241:17 December 1763 – 20 December 1806
2511:Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen
1355:Christiane Eberhardine of Bayreuth
800:twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt
25:
2163:John, Hereditary Prince of Saxony
1057:the old dream of annexation that
639:Renunciation of the Polish throne
483:Princess Maria Antonia of Bavaria
4734:Frederick William III of Prussia
4714:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
1927:
1870:. Tauchaer Verlag, Taucha 1996,
1231:Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
885:Frederick William III of Prussia
853:
844:
502:
414:Princess Maria Augusta of Saxony
386:Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
69:"Frederick Augustus I of Saxony"
34:
5168:Polish people of German descent
4854:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
4784:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
2122:Ernest, Archbishop of Magdeburg
1565:Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor
836:Elevation to Saxon-Polish ruler
560:from 1806 to 1827. He was also
397:
45:needs additional citations for
4769:Prince Regent John of Portugal
4679:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
4624:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
4619:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
2127:Albert, Administrator of Mainz
1934:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
1846:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
1718:Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick
1501:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
1475:Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick
1235:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
907:(1795), with the exception of
803:peace. On 11 December 1806 in
623:until 1768. His uncle, Prince
1:
4794:Prince Charles John of Sweden
2485:Georg, Crown Prince of Saxony
2276:Christian I of Saxe-Merseburg
1943:"Frederick Augustus I."
1193:Liberation were distributed.
5153:Burials at Dresden Cathedral
5108:19th-century Polish monarchs
2271:Augustus of Saxe-Weissenfels
1659:Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
1417:Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
1043:At the deliberations of the
5113:Electoral princes of Saxony
2516:Albert, Margrave of Meissen
963:Sejm of the Duchy of Warsaw
556:) and as the first King of
5194:
4629:Frederick I of Württemberg
2999:Confederation of the Rhine
1632:
1597:Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska
1516:
1390:
1284:
911:, which was made into the
784:Confederation of the Rhine
699:Frederick Augustus in 1795
131:
5118:Prince-electors of Saxony
4789:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
4779:William, Prince of Orange
4589:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
2918:French Invasion of Russia
2884:
2780:
2617:
2561:
2360:Charles, Duke of Courland
2052:
2003:
1994:
1988:
1980:
1971:
1963:
1940:Hashagen, Justus (1911).
1839:Heinrich Theodor Flathe:
1703:
1695:
1667:
1644:
1640:
1604:
1582:
1574:
1546:
1524:
1520:
1482:
1460:
1452:
1424:
1402:
1398:
1362:
1340:
1332:
1304:
1288:
1049:Prussian-Russian alliance
786:, which led to the final
748:Third Partition of Poland
428:
419:
150:
4699:Archduke John of Austria
4694:Prince von Schwarzenberg
4539:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
2396:Maximilian, Crown Prince
1623:Maria Antonia of Bavaria
1443:Maria Josepha of Austria
681:full partition of Poland
677:partition Poland in 1772
548:who reigned as the last
4634:Frederick VI of Denmark
4584:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
3374:Greater Poland uprising
3197:Duc d'Enghien Execution
2569:of Poland and Lithuania
2365:Albert, Duke of Teschen
1953:Encyclopædia Britannica
1686:Maria Amalia of Austria
1177:began to circulate. In
1138:Province of Brandenburg
986:German Campaign of 1813
977:Frederick Augustus, by
724:Declaration of Pillnitz
720:revolutionary agitation
566:Grand Duke of Lithuania
275:Grand Duke of Lithuania
4754:Ferdinand VII of Spain
3202:Coronation of Napoleon
2833:Frederick Augustus III
2732:Frederick Augustus III
2454:Frederick Augustus III
1774:Order of the Rue Crown
1323:Augustus III of Poland
1253:Stillborn child (1797)
1244:Stillborn child (1775)
1241:Stillborn child (1771)
981:
700:
631:, the first confirmed
554:Frederick Augustus III
552:from 1763 to 1806 (as
541:
533:
525:
446:
438:
136:. For other uses, see
5148:Nobility from Dresden
5041:Conference of Dresden
4950:Paris (February 1812)
4879:Swedish–Norwegian War
4704:Alexander I of Russia
2801:Frederick Augustus II
2722:Frederick Augustus II
2495:Prince Ernst Heinrich
2412:Frederick Augustus II
2355:Prince Francis Xavier
2334:Frederick Augustus II
2281:Maurice of Saxe-Zeitz
1297:Augustus II of Poland
976:
901:Royal House of Saxony
889:Alexander I of Russia
813:Kingdom of Westphalia
698:
675:, which had begun to
134:Augustus II of Poland
4995:Fontainebleau (1814)
4549:Louis-Nicolas Davout
3470:Invasion of Portugal
2785:Frederick Augustus I
2717:Frederick Augustus I
2386:Frederick Augustus I
2318:Frederick Augustus I
1983:Electorate abolished
1936:at Wikimedia Commons
1796:Notes and references
1183:Generalfeldmarschall
712:Frederick William II
655:was ratified by the
598:is named after him.
542:Frédéric-Auguste Ier
513:Frederick Augustus I
358:German Confederation
333:Electorate of Saxony
159:Marcello Bacciarelli
146:Frederick Augustus I
54:improve this article
5021:Bourbon Restoration
4764:Maria I of Portugal
4749:Prince of Hohenlohe
4739:Gebhard von Blücher
3682:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
2989:Swiss Confederation
2727:Frederick Christian
2459:Prince Johann Georg
2350:Frederick Christian
1967:Frederick Christian
1146:Province of Silesia
1144:, was added to the
1106:National University
984:In 1813 during the
913:Free City of Danzig
905:Prussian partitions
794:advanced as far as
755:Congress of Rastatt
685:taken place in 1795
661:Stanisław II August
526:Friedrich August I.
250:Frederick Christian
177:20 December 1806 –
5036:Continental System
5031:Congress of Erfurt
4955:Paris (March 1812)
4729:Peter Wittgenstein
4654:Duke of Wellington
4609:Prince Poniatowski
4574:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
4559:Auguste de Marmont
3954:Arroyo dos Molinos
3802:Walcheren Campaign
3792:Armistice of Znaim
3687:Dalmatian Campaign
3612:Tyrolean Rebellion
2611:Electors of Saxony
2219:John Frederick III
1213:Marriage and issue
1126:Province of Saxony
1122:Frederick the Wise
1045:Congress of Vienna
982:
705:Holy Roman Emperor
701:
651:. However, when a
138:Frederick Augustus
5085:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5073:Types of military
4869:Russo-Turkish War
4864:Russo-Persian War
4832:Anglo-Turkish War
4827:Anglo-Swedish War
4822:Anglo-Spanish War
4817:Anglo-Russian War
4744:Duke of Brunswick
4647:political leaders
4527:political leaders
4511:
4510:
3516:Medina de Rioseco
3238:Haslach-Jungingen
3172:French Revolution
3149:
3148:
2932:Seventh Coalition
2844:
2843:
2740:
2739:
2577:
2576:
2464:Prince Maximilian
2209:John Frederick II
2060:Elector of Saxony
2046:Princes of Saxony
2013:
2012:
2004:Succeeded by
1981:Succeeded by
1974:Elector of Saxony
1932:Media related to
1779:History of Saxony
1764:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1233:, sister of King
1157:separate republic
1153:Kingdom of Poland
1032:Battle of Leipzig
1015:Battle of Dresden
990:Battle of Leipzig
953:was successfully
895:Article V of the
744:Holy Roman Empire
607:Family background
550:Elector of Saxony
534:Fryderyk August I
510:
509:
493:Roman Catholicism
452:
451:
369:Dresden Cathedral
354:Kingdom of Saxony
337:Holy Roman Empire
232:Elector of Saxony
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
5185:
5158:Albertine branch
4849:Dano-Swedish War
4837:Anglo-Danish War
4689:Archduke Charles
4604:Jérôme Bonaparte
4520:
4453:Castel di Sangro
4362:Fère-Champenoise
4015:García Hernández
3929:Fuentes de Oñoro
3445:Guttstadt-Deppen
3182:Second Coalition
3160:
3141:French Royalists
2948:
2897:Fourth Coalition
2871:
2864:
2857:
2848:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2744:
2672:John Frederick I
2604:
2597:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2537:Prince Alexander
2173:John Frederick I
2039:
2032:
2025:
2016:
1989:Preceded by
1964:Preceded by
1961:
1957:
1945:
1931:
1915:
1914:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1866:Dagmar Schäfer:
1864:
1853:
1852:
1837:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1806:
1784:Rulers of Saxony
1278:
1269:
1063:Seven Years' War
1054:Treaty of Kalisz
1024:Royal Saxon Army
925:Southern Prussia
921:New East Prussia
881:Treaty of Tilsit
857:
848:
520:
506:
433:
421:
401:
399:
349:
326:23 December 1750
325:
323:
288:
287:14 December 1812
258:
226:
190:20 December 1806
180:
155:
143:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
5193:
5192:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5133:House of Wettin
5128:Imperial vicars
5123:Kings of Saxony
5088:
5087:
5086:
5077:
5004:
4888:
4809:
4803:
4759:Miguel de Álava
4724:Pyotr Bagration
4719:Count Bennigsen
4709:Mikhail Kutuzov
4674:Thomas Cochrane
4646:
4644:
4638:
4599:Louis Bonaparte
4526:
4524:
4523:French and ally
4507:
4391:
4307:Château-Thierry
4270:
4134:
4105:Maloyaroslavets
3963:
3877:
3831:
3622:Yevenes/Yébenes
3580:
3496:Rosily Squadron
3474:
3398:
3364:Waren-Nossentin
3292:
3223:Cape Finisterre
3206:
3177:First Coalition
3155:
3145:
3052:
3045:
2956:
2952:
2943:
2937:
2925:Sixth Coalition
2911:Fifth Coalition
2890:Third Coalition
2880:
2878:Napoleonic Wars
2875:
2845:
2840:
2776:
2774:Kings of Saxony
2771:
2741:
2736:
2707:John George III
2613:
2608:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2563:
2557:
2546:19th generation
2541:
2525:18th generation
2520:
2504:17th generation
2499:
2478:16th generation
2473:
2447:15th generation
2442:
2426:14th generation
2421:
2405:13th generation
2400:
2379:12th generation
2374:
2343:11th generation
2338:
2327:10th generation
2322:
2301:
2297:John George III
2285:
2254:
2228:
2197:
2151:
2105:
2084:
2063:
2048:
2043:
2009:
2000:
1992:
1991:Kingdom created
1984:
1977:
1969:
1939:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1865:
1856:
1850:
1838:
1827:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1770:
1765:
1266:
1215:
1199:
1174:
1169:
1161:Polish Uprising
1108:made famous by
1094:
1086:Napoleonic Wars
1078:Baron von Stein
1071:Friedrichsfelde
1041:
997:Sixth Coalition
971:
941:Land of Chełmno
939:river and the "
877:
876:
875:
874:
872:Duchy of Warsaw
860:
859:
858:
850:
849:
838:
833:
780:
722:in France. The
716:Pillnitz Castle
693:
645:kings of Poland
641:
609:
604:
546:House of Wettin
516:
441:
429:
403:
400: 1769)
395:
391:
388:
375:
351:
347:
327:
321:
319:
286:
265:
256:
224:
208:
178:
162:
141:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5191:
5189:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5143:Child monarchs
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5090:
5089:
5083:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5068:Longwood House
5065:
5064:
5063:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5012:
5010:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4813:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4774:Count of Feira
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4669:Horatio Nelson
4666:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4648:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4579:Marshal Victor
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4530:
4528:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4357:Arcis-sur-Aube
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4100:Venta del Pozo
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3975:Ciudad Rodrigo
3971:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3853:Ciudad Rodrigo
3850:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3827:Alba de Tormes
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3727:Aspern-Essling
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3329:Jena–Auerstedt
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3101:Ottoman Empire
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3061:United Kingdom
3057:
3055:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3031:Ottoman Empire
3028:
3026:Denmark–Norway
3023:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2969:Polish Legions
2966:
2960:
2958:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2904:Peninsular War
2900:
2893:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2851:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2830:
2822:
2814:
2806:
2798:
2790:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2712:John George IV
2709:
2704:
2702:John George II
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2532:Prince Rüdiger
2528:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2313:John George IV
2309:
2307:
2306:9th generation
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2290:8th generation
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2266:John George II
2262:
2260:
2259:7th generation
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2233:6th generation
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2214:Johann Wilhelm
2211:
2205:
2203:
2202:5th generation
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2157:
2156:4th generation
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2110:3rd generation
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2089:2nd generation
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2068:1st generation
2065:
2064:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2019:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2002:
1997:King of Saxony
1993:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1948:Chisholm, Hugh
1937:
1923:
1922:External links
1920:
1917:
1916:
1896:
1882:
1854:
1825:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1789:Dresden Castle
1786:
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1309:
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1303:
1300:
1299:
1293:
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1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1214:
1211:
1198:
1195:
1179:Liège Province
1173:
1170:
1168:
1167:King of Saxony
1165:
1093:
1090:
1040:
1037:
970:
967:
862:
861:
852:
851:
843:
842:
841:
840:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
779:
776:
714:of Prussia at
692:
689:
640:
637:
633:duke of Poland
625:Francis Xavier
608:
605:
603:
600:
562:Duke of Warsaw
508:
507:
500:
496:
495:
490:
486:
485:
480:
476:
475:
470:
466:
465:
460:
454:
453:
450:
449:
426:
425:
417:
416:
411:
405:
404:
393:
389:
384:
383:
381:
377:
376:
367:
365:
361:
360:
350:(aged 76)
344:
340:
339:
317:
313:
312:
309:
308:
305:
301:
300:
294:
290:
289:
285:1 July 1812 –
283:
279:
278:
271:
270:
262:Francis Xavier
259:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:
239:
235:
234:
228:
227:
223:9 June 1807 –
221:
217:
216:
212:King of Poland
206:Duke of Warsaw
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
188:
182:
181:
175:
171:
170:
168:King of Saxony
164:
163:
156:
148:
147:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5190:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
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5066:
5062:
5059:
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5057:
5054:
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5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5009:Miscellaneous
5007:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
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4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4843:
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4839:
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4835:
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4823:
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4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4806:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
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4762:
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4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
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4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4684:Manuel Lapeña
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4641:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4614:Prince Eugène
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4564:André Masséna
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4544:Joachim Murat
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4521:
4518:
4514:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4488:Rocheserviere
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
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4429:
4426:
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4409:
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4404:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
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4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
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4254:
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4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
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4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4176:San Sebastián
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
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4137:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
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4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
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4068:
4066:
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4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3957:
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3947:
3945:
3942:
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3910:
3907:
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3900:
3897:
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3892:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3874:
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3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
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3844:
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3840:
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3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3737:Sankt Michael
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
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3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3652:Teugen-Hausen
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
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3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
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3577:
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3572:
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3564:
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3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
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3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
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3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
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3477:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
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3448:
3446:
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3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
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3418:
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3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3392:
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3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
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3360:
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3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
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3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3152:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2954:client states
2949:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2872:
2867:
2865:
2860:
2858:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2697:John George I
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2662:Frederick III
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2600:
2598:
2593:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2570:
2568:
2560:
2554:
2553:Prince Daniel
2551:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2496:
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2117:Frederick III
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1139:
1135:
1134:Upper Lusatia
1132:, which like
1131:
1130:Lower Lusatia
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:Martin Luther
1107:
1103:
1098:
1091:
1089:
1087:
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1082:Prince Repnin
1079:
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618:
614:
606:
601:
599:
597:
593:
592:Augustusplatz
588:
586:
582:
578:
573:
571:
570:Polish throne
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
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531:
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291:
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280:
276:
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268:
267:Maria Antonia
263:
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92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
5056:Grande Armée
5016:Bibliography
5000:Paris (1815)
4960:Paris (1814)
4945:Paris (1810)
4925:Finckenstein
4900:Campo Formio
4659:Rowland Hill
4645:military and
4623:
4525:military and
4498:Rocquencourt
4367:Saint-Dizier
4337:Bar-sur-Aube
4292:Mincio River
3787:Schöngrabern
3566:2nd Zaragoza
3506:1st Zaragoza
3460:Stralsund II
3309:Campo Tenese
3283:Schöngrabern
3268:Cape Ortegal
3218:Diamond Rock
3096:Papal States
2930:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2787:
2784:
2731:
2692:Christian II
2652:Frederick II
2632:Wenceslaus I
2564:
2385:
2240:Christian II
2075:Frederick II
1995:
1972:
1951:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1885:
1867:
1844:
1840:
1817:. Retrieved
1813:
1804:
1500:
1259:
1256:
1226:
1216:
1208:
1200:
1191:
1175:
1150:
1099:
1095:
1075:
1067:
1059:Frederick II
1042:
1028:
1011:
994:
983:
948:
945:
933:West Prussia
894:
878:
864:Coat of arms
781:
752:
729:
702:
653:constitution
642:
610:
589:
577:Polish state
574:
553:
512:
511:
348:(1827-05-05)
211:
157:Portrait by
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
5103:1827 deaths
5098:1750 births
4884:War of 1812
4842:Gunboat War
4799:Louis XVIII
4554:Jean Lannes
4468:Quatre Bras
4458:San Germano
4408:Occhiobello
4297:Champaubert
4287:La Rothière
4211:San Marcial
4095:2nd Polotsk
4060:1st Polotsk
4045:Majadahonda
3985:Villagarcia
3914:Campo Maior
3702:Piave River
3627:Ciudad Real
3617:Villafranca
3486:Dos de Mayo
3435:Stralsund I
3187:18 Brumaire
3121:Netherlands
3019:Württemberg
2836:(1904–1918)
2828:(1902–1904)
2820:(1873–1902)
2812:(1854–1873)
2804:(1836–1854)
2796:(1827–1836)
2788:(1806–1827)
2687:Christian I
2647:Frederick I
2224:Christian I
2188:John Ernest
2056:Frederick I
1879:(in German)
1851:(in German)
1227:Pfalzgräfin
1197:Final years
1114:Melanchthon
929:New Silesia
825:Württemberg
768:Württemberg
766:, Prussia,
736:Reichskrieg
657:Polish Sejm
307:Alexander I
297:Alexander I
293:Predecessor
269:(1763–1768)
264:(1763–1768)
246:Predecessor
225:22 May 1815
5092:Categories
5026:Casualties
4940:Schönbrunn
4915:Artlenburg
4664:John Moore
4569:Michel Ney
4438:Scapezzano
4428:Cesenatico
4372:Montmartre
4302:Montmirail
4236:Wartenburg
4191:Großbeeren
4050:Gorodechno
4040:Klyastitsy
4020:Saltanovka
3909:Casal Novo
3782:Hollabrunn
3767:Korneuburg
3561:Somosierra
3465:Copenhagen
3288:Austerlitz
3278:Dürenstein
3014:Westphalia
2957:and allies
2642:Albert III
2637:Rudolf III
2101:Albert III
2001:1806–1827
1978:1763–1806
1819:2023-12-16
1814:www.rct.uk
1102:Wittenberg
1002:Regensburg
708:Leopold II
346:5 May 1827
322:1750-12-23
277:(disputed)
257:Co-regents
215:(disputed)
209:1812–1813
186:Coronation
179:5 May 1827
80:newspapers
4990:Casalanza
4965:Tauroggen
4920:Pressburg
4905:Lunéville
4810:conflicts
4643:Coalition
4493:La Suffel
4443:Tolentino
4327:Montereau
4312:Vauchamps
4261:Bornhöved
4216:Dennewitz
4161:Tarragona
4110:Chashniki
4010:Salamanca
3934:Tarragona
3858:Barquilla
3812:Almonacid
3772:Stockerau
3742:Stralsund
3712:2nd Porto
3692:Ebelsberg
3662:Abensberg
3632:1st Porto
3592:Castellón
3576:Benavente
3541:Valmaseda
3455:Friedland
3450:Heilsberg
3420:Ostrołęka
3410:Mohrungen
3344:Magdeburg
3273:Amstetten
3258:Trafalgar
3243:Elchingen
3228:Wertingen
3126:Brunswick
3051:Coalition
2627:Rudolf II
2567:królewicz
2391:Anthony I
2183:Severinus
1264:Ancestors
949:In 1809,
917:Białystok
887:and Tsar
796:Thuringia
740:Reichstag
710:and King
581:partition
518:‹See Tfd›
499:Signature
431:‹See Tfd›
352:Dresden,
304:Successor
195:Successor
110:June 2023
5061:Uniforms
4975:Chaumont
4893:Treaties
4594:Joseph I
4534:Napoleon
4478:Waterloo
4418:Casaglia
4382:Toulouse
4266:Sehested
4241:Bidassoa
4221:2nd Kulm
4206:1st Kulm
4196:Katzbach
4186:Sorauren
4181:Pyrenees
4146:Castalla
4130:Berezina
4120:Smoliani
4090:Tarutino
4075:Borodino
4065:Valutino
4055:Smolensk
4025:Ostrovno
3995:Maguilla
3959:Valencia
3949:Saguntum
3797:Talavera
3677:Ratisbon
3667:Landshut
3642:Bergisel
3637:Medellín
3551:Espinosa
3511:Valencia
3384:Czarnowo
3354:Pasewalk
3349:Prenzlau
3324:Saalfeld
3263:Caldiero
3233:Günzburg
3111:Sardinia
3086:Portugal
2682:Augustus
2622:Rudolf I
2193:Augustus
2142:Henry IV
2062:in 1423.
1768:See also
1219:Mannheim
955:defeated
883:, which
870:and the
792:Napoleon
629:Siemowit
489:Religion
4808:Related
4387:Bayonne
4352:Craonne
4322:Mormant
4282:Brienne
4256:Nivelle
4246:Leipzig
4201:Dresden
4171:Vitoria
4156:Bautzen
4125:Krasnoi
4070:Mesoten
4030:Vitebsk
3990:Almaraz
3980:Badajoz
3939:Albuera
3924:Almeida
3919:Sabugal
3904:Redinha
3894:Barrosa
3873:Bussaco
3868:Almeida
3848:Astorga
3817:Tamames
3777:Gefrees
3732:Alcañiz
3672:Eckmühl
3602:Corunna
3571:Sahagún
3536:Zornoza
3531:Vimeiro
3501:Cabezón
3425:Kolberg
3394:Pułtusk
3389:Golymin
3379:Hamelin
3359:Stettin
3319:Schleiz
3164:Prelude
3156:battles
3131:Hanover
3076:Prussia
3066:Austria
3004:Bavaria
2984:Etruria
2979:Holland
2951:France,
2944:gerents
2793:Anthony
2677:Maurice
2178:Maurice
1950:(ed.).
1223:Dresden
1204:Anthony
1186:Blücher
1142:Görlitz
1019:Teplitz
951:Austria
821:Bavaria
817:Cottbus
764:Bavaria
742:of the
738:by the
669:Prussia
665:Austria
596:Leipzig
402:
394:
390:
373:Dresden
329:Dresden
199:Anthony
94:scholar
4985:Mantua
4935:Cintra
4930:Tilsit
4910:Amiens
4448:Ancona
4433:Pesaro
4403:Panaro
4332:Orthez
4317:Garris
4231:Roßlau
4226:Göhrde
4166:Luckau
4151:Lützen
4115:Vyazma
4085:Burgos
4080:Moscow
4035:Kobryn
3944:Usagre
3899:Pombal
3889:Gebora
3762:Wagram
3722:Tarvis
3697:Girona
3657:Raszyn
3647:Sacile
3556:Tudela
3546:Burgos
3526:Roliça
3521:Bailén
3440:Mileto
3430:Danzig
3369:Lübeck
3334:Erfurt
3253:Verona
3136:Nassau
3116:Sweden
3106:Persia
3091:Sicily
3071:Russia
3053:forces
3036:Persia
3009:Saxony
2994:Naples
2964:France
2942:Belli-
2825:George
2817:Albert
2657:Ernest
2438:George
2433:Albert
2250:August
2137:George
2096:Ernest
1874:
1843:. In:
1720:(= 11)
1661:(= 10)
1118:Torgau
1006:Lützen
959:Kraków
931:, and
909:Danzig
868:Saxony
809:treaty
805:Poznań
770:, and
732:France
673:Russia
621:Regent
585:Poland
558:Saxony
538:French
530:Polish
522:German
479:Mother
469:Father
463:Wettin
443:Polish
435:German
380:Spouse
364:Burial
161:, 1809
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
5051:Films
4483:Wavre
4473:Ligny
4463:Gaeta
4423:Ronco
4413:Carpi
4377:Paris
4347:Reims
4251:Hanau
3843:Cádiz
3822:Ocaña
3807:Ölper
3752:María
3717:Wörgl
3707:Grijó
3607:Valls
3597:Uclés
3491:Bruch
3415:Eylau
3339:Halle
3314:Maida
3304:Gaeta
3154:Major
3081:Spain
3041:Spain
2974:Italy
2565:also
2007:Anton
1946:. In
1909:[
979:Vogel
937:Noteć
772:Baden
458:House
424:Names
409:Issue
396:(
392:
282:Reign
238:Reign
220:Reign
174:Reign
101:JSTOR
87:books
4980:Kiel
4970:Ried
4516:Info
4503:Issy
4396:1815
4342:Laon
4275:1814
4139:1813
4005:Ekau
3968:1812
3882:1811
3836:1810
3757:Graz
3747:Raab
3585:1809
3479:1808
3403:1807
3297:1806
3211:1805
2809:John
2667:John
2417:John
2132:John
1872:ISBN
1716:15.
1657:14.
1595:13.
1537:12.
1473:11.
1415:10.
1112:and
1030:the
823:and
671:and
615:and
590:The
343:Died
316:Born
73:news
4000:Mir
3863:Côa
3248:Ulm
2058:as
1684:7.
1621:3.
1563:6.
1499:1.
1441:5.
1379:2.
1353:9.
1321:4.
1295:8.
1217:In
943:".
866:of
594:in
583:of
56:by
5094::
1857:^
1828:^
1812:.
1229:)
1206:.
1163:.
1128:.
1026:.
927:,
923:,
827:.
807:a
774:.
687:.
667:,
635:.
572:.
540::
536:;
532::
528:;
524::
445::
437::
398:m.
371:,
356:,
335:,
331:,
2870:e
2863:t
2856:v
2766:e
2759:t
2752:v
2603:e
2596:t
2589:v
2038:e
2031:t
2024:v
1893:.
1822:.
515:(
324:)
320:(
140:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
