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in May 1834. From then until 1852, with a brief break in 1840–1842, he represented the
British government and the interests of British industry in Central America. He worked to protect British economic interests as well as trying to involve his government in more ambitious imperial schemes. He sought
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in the
Republic of Central America" although the Federal Republic had in fact disintegrated the year before. Of the five republics in the former federation, Guatemala and Costa Rica were in the sphere of influence of the United Kingdom while Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua were in the sphere of
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Map of
Central America including the states of Guatemala, Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua & Costa Rica, the territories of Belise & Mosquito, with parts of Mexico, Yucatan & New Granada : shewing the proposed routes between the Atlantic & Pacific Oceans by way of Tehuantepeque,
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is not a man of the day; he belongs to a past period, which makes it hopeless for him to recover a political station in the
Equator . He indulges impracticable theories, and does not perceive the necessity of adapting himself to the times. ... cease to meddle in the politics of the country
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189:, under pressure from Chatfield, had recognised Thomas Lowry Robinson as king. Advised by Chatfield, in June 1847 Lord Palmerston defined the borders of the Miskito Kingdom, from Cape Honduras in the north, to the
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where he went beyond his commercial remit – even suggesting to
Palmerston that Poland might some day become useful 'as a Colony to England' – and was withdrawn later that year.
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In the late 1830s a
British engineer, John Baily, was commissioned by a British firm to conduct a study for a transoceanic link across Nicaragua. He proposed a route from
68:(6 February 1801 – 30 September 1872) was the United Kingdom's consul in Central America from 1834 to 1852, a key period in the decolonisation of the region.
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to pre-emptively seize the island for
Britain. But Chatfield had over-reached himself and Palmerston repudiated his action as part of negotiations for the
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Correspondence
Respecting the Mosquito Territory: Presented to the House of Commons, July 3, 1848, in Pursuance of Their Address of April 3, 1848
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where he met the influential merchant and
British Vice-Consul, John Foster. Foster informed his superior Frederick Chatfield in Guatemala.
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232:, engaged in a diplomatic duel for regional supremacy. Squier negotiated with Honduras for a treaty for a canal from the Caribbean to the
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which resolved issues in
Central America between Britain and the United States. Chatfield was recalled in 1852 and went into retirement.
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221:, visited Nicaragua. He interviewed John Baily and made detailed notes about the results of the study. Stephens left Nicaragua via
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to make the same request via his envoy in London. Flores also cultivated Chatfield, who was not convinced: he wrote to Palmerston:
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United States interests also wanted to establish an inter-ocean canal, and in 1849 Chatfield and his American rival,
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197:), at the mouth of the San Juan River, they were repulsed by a British force sent out by the governor of Jamaica (
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in the Gulf to the U.S. for 18 months, during which he hoped to conclude the treaty. Chatfield, however, sent
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in 1830, and his reports on this and on an outbreak of cholera in Memel in 1831 drew him to the attention of
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156:, arrived in Costa Rica in mid-1848; he had visited London in 1845–46 and met prominent people including
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Papers Relative to the Disease Called Cholera Spasmodica in India, Now Prevailing in the North of Europe
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in 1818, but he found this too expensive and exchanged in 1821 into the 20th Regiment of Foot (now the
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on the Pacific coast to Lake Nicaragua, then down the San Juan River to Greytown. In February 1840
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protection for British investors and called in the Royal Navy when necessary to force concessions.
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in 1837 and declared a protectorate in 1844 after the president of Honduras,
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Nicaragua & Panama / engraved from the original drawing of John Baily
444:, T.R. Harrison, London, 1848, replica by Elibron Classics, 2004, pp.1-3
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American Crisis Diplomacy: The Quest for Collective Security, 1918-1952
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A Palmerstonian diplomat in Central America: Frederick Chatfield, Esq
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in the south. When Nicaraguan troops in 1847 occupied Greytown (now
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Chatfield to Palmerston, 6 June 1832, cited in Rodriguez, Mario,
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In March 1833 Palmerston appointed Chatfield to be consul to the
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The Foreign Office politely declined the protectorate scheme.
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Letter from Chatfield to Palmerston, 20 September 1831, in
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Chronological History of U.S. Foreign Relations: 1607-1932
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King of the Night: Juan José Flores and Ecuador, 1824-1864
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In 1826 Chatfield was appointed consul at Memel (now
135:for the West Indies in January 1834 and arrived in
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422:, University of California Press, 1989, pp.238-239
387:The Cambridge History of Latin America, volume 3
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389:, Cambridge University Press, 1985, page 495
360:, University of Arizona Press, 1964, page 36
277:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
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217:, US ambassador and confidant of President
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513:National Portrait Gallery, London
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509:Portraits of Frederick Chatfield
313:. 8 December 1821. p. 2384.
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482:, Routledge, 2003, p.159
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