3608:
936:
853:
1561:
1347:
power to local district officers in colonies), continuity (extensive record-keeping so that successors would build upon the policies of predecessors), and cooperation (building local support for the colonial government). He defended
British colonial practices, in particular the system of indirect rule that he introduced in Nigeria. The task of the British, he wrote, was ‘to promote the commercial and industrial progress of Africa without too careful a scrutiny of the material gains to ourselves’.
461:
443:
1264:. In Northern Nigeria, Lugard permitted slavery within traditional native elite families. He loathed the educated and sophisticated Africans living in the coastal regions. Lugard ran the country whilst spending half each year in England, where he could promote himself and was distant from realities in Africa, where subordinates had to delay decisions on many matters until he returned. He based his rule on a military system—unlike
1245:, concocted a legend which warped understanding of him, Nigeria and colonial rule for decades. He believed that "the typical African ... is a happy, thriftless, excitable person, lacking in self control, discipline and foresight, naturally courageous, courteous and polite, full of personal vanity, with little of veracity; in brief, the virtues and defects of this race-type are those of attractive children."
3129:
1405:'s repressive rule of Western Samoa. Lugard criticized European settlers and Samoans who engaged in "interracial mobilization." Lugard played a key role in drafting a Commission report that exonerated Richardson's governance of Western Samoa and placed the blame of the Western Samoa unrest on the anti-colonial activist
1367:
claimed the land and its resources for themselves. He realised that there were vast profits to be made through the export of resources such as rubber, and through taxation of native populations as well as importers and exporters (the
British taxpayer continually made a loss from the colonies in this
1465:
argues that Lugard blocked
Africans who had been educated in Europe from playing an active role in the development of Colonial Nigeria; he distrusted white "intellectuals" as much as black ones, believing that the principles they were taught in the universities were often wrong. Lugard preferred to
1398:' Permanent Mandates Commission. Lugard saw imperial administration in moral terms and advocated for humane principles of colonial rule. He saw the role of the Permanent Mandates Commission as involving standard-setting and oversight, whereas actual administration should be left to national powers.
1290:
Lugard's greatest contribution to the making of modern
Nigeria was the successful amalgamation of the North and South in 1914. Even after the amalgamation, the two parts remained as two separate countries with separate administrations. "Though in doing this, he aimed primarily at making the wealth
1372:) would provide vital fuel for the industrial revolution in resource-depleted Britain, as well as monies for public works projects. Finally, Lugard reasoned that colonisation had become a fad and that, in order to remain a global power, Britain would need to hold colonies to avoid appearing weak.
1346:
in colonial Africa. He argued that administration of Africa could simultaneously promote the well-being of the inhabitants and develop the resources of the continent for the benefit of mankind. According to Lugard, there were three principles of colonial administration: decentralization (granting
1327:
Regarding the future of
British colonialism in Africa, he stated, "For two or three generations we can show the negro what we are, then we shall be asked to go away. Then we shall leave the land to those it belongs to with a feeling that they have better business friends in us than in other white
1310:
In spite of his contributions, Lugard's work was not without faults. "He aimed at creating in
Nigeria one administrative unit but he did not intend to create a Nigerian nation". Instead, his policy of isolating the North from the South, a policy which his successors maintained had a hand in the
1302:
More importantly, he laid the foundations of continuous legislative assemblies in
Nigeria by establishing the Nigerian council in 1914. It consisted of the Governor, Chief Secretary and a few nominated members who met to listen to government policies and give their advice. Unfortunately, it
1420:. He had submitted a proposal for the convention to the British government. Although they were initially alarmed by it, the British government backed the proposal (after subjecting it to considerable redrafting) and it was eventually enacted. He served as one of the seven members of the
1311:
present disunity of
Nigeria till today. An example is the exclusion of the North from the Legislative Council until 1947. "Thus, it can be said that Lugard sowed the seeds of separatist tendency which has still plagued Nigerian unity". Lugard was also partly responsible for the
1459:. He considered that natives should act as a sort of middle manager in colonial governance. This would avoid revolt because, he believed, the people of Africa would be more likely to follow someone who looked like them, spoke their languages and shared their customs.
1315:
in the education and other social services of the
Northerners And this is the reason for the South's advance in education over the North. To sum it up, Lugard's attitude to Nigeria implied that he did not envisage self-government for Nigeria. He planned for perpetual
1081:
and read the proclamation that established the protectorate on 1 January 1900. At that time, the portion of
Northern Nigeria under effective control was small, and Lugard's task in organising this vast territory was made more difficult by the refusal of the sultan of
1324:, his hostility towards educated Nigerians in the South, and his system of education for the North which aimed at training only the sons of the chiefs and emirs as clerks and interpreters show him as one of Britain's arch-imperialists", says K. B. C. Onwubiko.
1233:
among the locals on such a serious political subject which had such key implications for the two colonies. From 1914 to 1919, Lugard served as Governor General of the now combined colony of Nigeria. Throughout his tenure, he sought strenuously to secure the
839:
Lugard's first expedition of May to June 1888 attacked the Swahili stockades with limited success and, in the course of one attack, Lugard was wounded and withdrew south. Lugard's second expedition in December 1888 to March 1889 was larger and included a
1252:
came from revenue generated by taxes on imported alcohol. In Northern Nigeria, the revenue that allowed state development projects was less because the taxes was absent and thus funding of projects was covered from revenue generated in the south.
1350:
In this work, Lugard outlined the reasons and methods that he recommended for the colonisation of Africa. Some of his justifications for establishing colonial rule included spreading Christianity and ending barbaric practices by Africans such as
970:
with local tribes and build forts in order to secure safe passage for future IBEAC expeditions. The IBEAC employed official treaty documents that were signed by their administrator and the local leaders but Lugard preferred the more equitable
1355:. He also saw state-sponsored colonisation as a way to protect missionaries, local chiefs and local people from each other, as well as from foreign powers. For Lugard, it was also vital that Britain gain control of unclaimed areas before
1050:, on behalf of the British West Charterland Company. He was recalled from Ngami by the British government and sent to West Africa, where he was commissioned to raise a native force to protect British interests in the hinterland of the
975:
ceremony and entered into several brotherhood partnerships with leaders who inhabited the areas between Mombasa and Uganda. One of his famed blood partnerships was sealed in October 1890 during his journey to Uganda when he stopped at
68:
1042:, where he secured treaties with the kings and chiefs who acknowledged the sovereignty of the British company, while reducing the influence of other colonial powers. From 1896 to 1897, Lugard took charge of an expedition to
3994:
3959:
3949:
689:
Frederick Grueber Lugard, a British Army chaplain at Madras, and his third wife Mary Howard (1819–1865), the youngest daughter of Reverend John Garton Howard (1786–1862), a younger son of landed gentry from
3893:
1105:. By the time Lugard resigned as commissioner in 1906, the entire region of what would eventually be transformed into modern-day Nigeria was being peacefully administered under the supervision of British
1586:. There were no children from the marriage. She died in January 1929; Lugard survived her by sixteen years and died on 11 April 1945, aged 87. Since he was childless, the barony became extinct. He was
821:, attacking communities that the company had promised to protect, and hostilities broke out in mid-1887. The series of intermittent armed clashes that took place up to mid-1889 is known as the
4004:
3989:
3934:
1174:
in perpetuity. However, the proposal was neither well received nor acted upon. Some believed that if the proposal were carried through, Hong Kong might forever have remained in British hands.
609:
45:
3144:
1287:, which he used successfully to defend not only the western but the northern frontiers of Nigeria from French encroachment. This saved Nigeria from the assimilation issues of the French.
1229:
did not arouse passion in the rest of the country because the people were unaware of the implications. Lugard took scant notice of public opinion, neither did he feel there was need for
4009:
3852:
1473:
governance over Africans. He described Africans as holding "the position of a late-born child in the family of nations, and must as yet be schooled in the discipline of the nursery."
3974:
3607:
3228:
3964:
3512:
3944:
3924:
1821:
P. T. Terry, (1965). The Arab War on Lake Nyasa 1887–1895 P. T. Terry, (1965). The Arab War on Lake Nyasa 1887–1895 Part II, The Nyasaland Journal, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 31–33
3954:
1646:
1439:
Lugard pushed for native rule in African colonies. He reasoned that black Africans were very different from white Europeans, although he did speculate on the admixture of
925:
654:
79:
1189:. The Colonial Office called the idea of a university "Sir Frederick's pet lamb". Lugard's chief impetus from founding the university was to have it serve as a bearer of
3639:
1238:
of the condition of the native people, among other means by the exclusion, wherever possible, of alcoholic liquors, and by the suppression of slave raiding and slavery.
3294:
Taiwo, Alufemi (1999). "Reading the Colonizer's Mind: Lord Lugard and the Philosophical Foundations of British Colonialism". In Babbitt, Susan E; Campbell, Sue (eds.).
3442:
1197:. He expected the university, however, to adopt a politically conservative framework supportive of the colonial authorities and refrain from teaching ideas such as
1268:, a doctor turned governor, who mixed with all ranks of people and listened to what was wanted. The Lugard who opposed "native education" later became involved in
3827:
3857:
3999:
3814:
3789:
3721:
894:
and were keen to open a trading route between Lake Victoria in Uganda and the coastal port of Mombasa. Their first interior trading post was established at
3149:
2209:
3929:
3582:
1805:
F. G. Lugard (1893). The Rise of Our East African Empire, Vol 1: Early Efforts in Nyasaland and Uganda, (1968 reprint), Abingdon, Routledge, pp. 135–6.
1780:
F. G. Lugard (1893). The Rise of Our East African Empire, Vol 1: Early Efforts in Nyasaland and Uganda, (1968 reprint), Abingdon, Routledge, pp. 66–7.
4034:
4019:
3832:
3736:
1764:
F. G. Lugard (1893). The Rise of Our East African Empire, Vol 1: Early Efforts in Nyasaland and Uganda, (1968 reprint), Abingdon, Routledge pp. 48–9.
1186:
3939:
2474:
Iwuchukwu, Marinus C. (2013), "Building New Bridges of Relationships in Postcolonial Northern Nigeria and the Evolution of a New Northern Nigeria",
1867:
844:, which, however, failed to breach the stockade walls. Following this second failure, Lugard left the Lake Malawi region for Britain in April 1889.
828:
The African Lakes Company depot at Karonga was evacuated at the end of the year but in May 1888, Captain Lugard, persuaded by the British Consul at
3772:
3667:
3492:
3159:
3711:
1299:, a standard time, a common currency, and a common civil service; he introduced all the necessities needed for infrastructure in a modern state.
4029:
3684:
3592:
3379:
2798:
2237:
905:
Lugard's first mission was to determine the feasibility of a route from Mombasa to Machakos that would bypass the Taru Desert. He explored the
119:
2173:
3632:
3572:
3547:
3022:
2886:
2816:
2342:
2247:
2063:
1753:
1737:
3482:
3322:
875:
152:
4039:
3716:
3435:
1498:
695:
1708:
1665:
The New Extinct Peerage 1884-1971: Containing Extinct, Abeyant, Dormant and Suspended Peerages With Genealogies and Arms, L. G. Pine,
1138:. He began developing the country by getting it surveyed, mapped, and improved transport and communications. He also re-organised the
613:
245:
49:
2729:
2626:
2552:
2517:
2491:
2452:
2417:
2378:
2274:
2128:
2036:
2009:
1982:
1916:
1843:
1810:
1785:
1769:
1531:
1490:
1428:
935:
723:
417:
1723:
O. J. M. Kalinga, (1980), The Karonga War: Commercial Rivalry and Politics of Survival, Journal of African History, Vol. 21, p. 209
991:
Lugard was Military Administrator of Uganda from 26 December 1890 to May 1892. While administering Uganda, he journeyed round the
852:
3746:
3625:
1295:." As noted earlier, amalgamation of Nigeria helped in making Nigeria to have common telegraphs, railways, customs and excise, a
833:
711:
4014:
3984:
3731:
3689:
1573:
1421:
4044:
3428:
1999:
1955:
621:
530:
57:
832:, arrived to lead an expedition against Mlozi, sponsored by the African Lakes Company but without official support from the
2903:
1560:
898:
240 miles in from the coast. But the established traditional route to Machakos was a treacherous journey through the large
3726:
3394:
1893:
1379:
1249:
1248:
Funding of the colony of Nigeria in the development of state's infrastructure such as harbours, railways and hospitals in
1159:
1070:
650:
642:
544:
128:
2985:'Reading the Colonizer's Mind: Lord Lugard and the Philosophical Foundations of British Colonialism' by Olufemi Taiwo in
3979:
1413:
1167:
1016:
813:
Relations between the two groups deteriorated, partly because of the company's delays or unwillingness to provide guns,
2207:
Klein, Richard (1997). "The Empire Strikes Back: Britain's Use of the Law to Suppress Political Dissent in Hong Kong".
3369:
3318:
3309:
1284:
1059:
759:
617:
53:
3004:
2904:""Freedom is a good thing but it means a dearth of slaves": Twentieth Century Solutions to the Abolition of Slavery"
3969:
3741:
3210:
2794:
1516:
1402:
1369:
1235:
841:
4024:
3487:
1972:
1796:
P. T. Terry, (1965). The Arab War on Lake Nyasa 1887–1895, The Nyasaland Journal, Vol. 18, No. 1 pp. 74–5(Part I)
1230:
1102:
862:
1291:
and seaport facilities of the South available to the North, he had in fact fashioned the political unity of the
1142:. Lugard is most importantly remembered for his political system of rule which was practised in Nigeria, called
2990:
2934:
Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. USA: AltaMira Press. 199
1202:
762:
in 1887. After this promising start, his career was derailed when he fell in love with a twice married British
707:
944:
3867:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3648:
1417:
1206:
1178:
1023:
755:
747:
691:
502:
494:
389:
1177:
Lugard's chief interest was education and he was largely remembered for his efforts to the founding of the
3888:
2833:
739:
484:
255:
3451:
3345:
1494:
1406:
1364:
1303:
legislated only for the South. It could be referred to as a mock parliament because it set pace for the
1163:
1113:
803:
638:
213:
924:
On 6 August 1890, Lugard began his caravan expedition to Uganda, accompanied by five other Europeans -
774:, then followed her to England. When she rejected him, Lugard decided to make a fresh start in Africa.
3919:
3914:
3562:
1269:
1226:
1012:
1000:
36:
1275:
When the British Government decided to raise a local militia to protect the western frontier of the
3883:
3507:
1641:
1462:
1360:
1317:
1304:
1276:
1035:
2878:
2808:
2334:
3567:
3517:
3497:
3467:
3255:
3247:
3083:
3063:
3043:
2578:"Investigation of the receivability of VLF standard time and frequency signals in Zaria, Nigeria"
2157:
2102:
1887:
1684:
1527:
1135:
992:
960:
678:
1520:
882:
on the coast of east Africa that December. A year earlier in 1888, the IBEAC had been granted a
3058:
2324:
2097:
3557:
3532:
3355:
3182:
3018:
2949:
2882:
2812:
2725:
2657:
2632:
2622:
2597:
2558:
2548:
2523:
2513:
2487:
2448:
2413:
2374:
2338:
2305:
2280:
2270:
2243:
2218:
2134:
2124:
2059:
2032:
2005:
1978:
1912:
1849:
1839:
1806:
1781:
1765:
1749:
1733:
1704:
1482:
1395:
1383:
1265:
1066:
929:
646:
286:
251:
2721:
1062:
and commanded it until the end of December 1899, when the disputes with France were settled.
17:
3552:
3237:
3078:
3038:
3010:
2874:
2804:
2717:
2709:
2589:
2479:
2440:
2405:
2366:
2330:
2152:
1679:
1106:
985:
914:
783:
83:
1732:
J. McCracken, (2012), A History of Malawi, 1859–1966, Woodbridge, James Currey pp. 27, 49.
3462:
2957:
1636:
1612:
1501:
in the 1920 New Year Honours. In 1928 he was further honoured when he was elevated to the
1375:
1352:
1292:
1182:
1171:
1139:
1004:
895:
1974:
Robert Thorne Coryndon: Proconsular Imperialism in Southern and Eastern Africa, 1897–1925
1368:
period). In addition, these resources and inexpensive native labour (slavery having been
1272:, and the man who disliked traders and businessmen became a director of a Nigerian bank.
1748:
J. McCracken (2012), A History of Malawi, 1859–1966, Woodbridge, James Currey pp. 51–2.
786:
traders under Mlozi bin Kazbadema established trading bases in the north-west sector of
766:
he met in India; learning she had been injured in an accident, he abandoned his post in
3542:
3522:
3338:
1611:. He was also the author of various valuable reports on Northern Nigeria issued by the
959:
influence in the area and put an end to the civil disturbances between factions in the
727:
719:
448:
273:
193:
3908:
3537:
3472:
3259:
3140:
3135:
2365:, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 190–211, 31 January 1943,
1631:
1608:
1541:
1356:
1343:
1321:
1296:
1190:
1143:
1127:
1087:
1065:
After relinquishing command of the West African Frontier Force, Lugard was appointed
972:
940:
883:
703:
356:
2197:
Carroll JM (2007). A Concise History of Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press. p.85.
1225:, where it was opposed by a large section of the political class and the media, the
1166:, a position he held until March 1912. During his tenure, Lugard proposed to return
3597:
3587:
3577:
3502:
3477:
3310:
Archives Hub:Papers of Frederick Dealtry Lugard, Baron Lugard of Abinger: 1871–1969
2400:
Geary, Sir William M.N. (19 December 2013), "Amalgamated Nigeria, 1914 till Date",
1452:
1312:
1261:
1218:
1098:
1094:
1051:
910:
906:
899:
686:
466:
260:
2751:
1221:. His mission was to combine the two colonies into one. Although controversial in
1022:
When Lugard returned to England in 1892, he successfully dissuaded Prime Minister
3314:
2910:
2868:
2055:
Modes of British Imperial Control of Africa: A Case Study of Uganda, c. 1890–1990
2053:
2026:
3762:
1537:
1470:
1074:
996:
857:
822:
787:
751:
634:
510:
506:
498:
2577:
2432:
2358:
1209:
who shared the same vision for the establishment of a university in Hong Kong.
3822:
3242:
3223:
2593:
2444:
2370:
1569:
1242:
1043:
1008:
829:
814:
806:
set up a base in Karonga to exchange ivory for trade goods from these Swahili
715:
412:
234:
3153:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 115–116.
3014:
2601:
2309:
2222:
1853:
2961:
2953:
2636:
2527:
2138:
1587:
1578:
1545:
1257:
1198:
1194:
1123:
977:
871:
743:
630:
567:
2562:
2120:
The Warrant Chiefs : indirect rule in South eastern Nigeria, 1891-1929
1497:
and raised to a Knight Grand Cross (GCMG) in 1911. He was appointed to the
1181:
in 1911. He became the first chancellor, despite a cold reception from the
817:
and other trade goods, and also because the Swahili traders turned more to
3617:
2661:
2483:
2409:
1378:
was influenced by Lugard's book. He sought to get Lugard appointed to the
3420:
2656:. Published under the auspices of Nuffield College by Faber & Faber.
2284:
1147:
1047:
981:
909:
and the neighbouring region, in addition to elaborating a scheme for the
887:
807:
791:
574:
238:
1466:
advance prominent Hausa and Fulani leaders from traditional structures.
886:
by Queen Victoria to colonise the 'British sphere of influence' between
3251:
1508:
1502:
1444:
1280:
1131:
1055:
956:
879:
818:
799:
771:
767:
763:
682:
670:
372:
67:
3006:
Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World
2264:
2299:
2242:(1st ed.). Stanford CA: Stanford University Press. p. 340.
1591:
1486:
1456:
1120:
1083:
1078:
967:
952:
891:
699:
666:
376:
352:
2616:
2507:
2439:, University of California Press, pp. 77–88, 31 December 1970,
2118:
1394:
Between 1922 and 1936, Lugard was the British representative on the
2542:
3134:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2651:
1874:. 10 January 2013. Archived from the original on 27 September 2017
1559:
1549:
1448:
1440:
1222:
1170:
to the Chinese government, in return for the ceding of the rented
1039:
934:
851:
795:
674:
939:
Captain Frederick Lugard, Fenwick de Winton and William Grant at
2266:
The administration of Nigeria, 1900-1960: men, methods and myths
1058:
against French aggression. In August 1897, Lugard organised the
918:
3621:
3424:
1572:, daughter of Major-General George Shaw, and granddaughter of
3215:
The Guardians: the League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire
2870:
The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire
2800:
The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire
2688:
2686:
3995:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
3315:
Newspaper clippings about Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard
1431:'s Committee of Experts on Native Labour from 1925 to 1941.
932:- Lugard's other chief), William Grant and Archibald Brown.
2476:
Muslim-Christian Dialogue in Post-Colonial Northern Nigeria
1217:
In 1912, Lugard returned to Nigeria as Governor of the two
1158:
About a year after he resigned as High Commissioner of the
3175:
The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa. Fifth Edition
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
3960:
British military personnel of the Third Anglo-Burmese War
3950:
British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Afghan War
579:
2174:"How Britain lost chance to keep its last major colony"
1523:
in 1902 for persistent attention to African geography.
1097:
was made possible by a successful campaign against the
999:, mapping a large area of the country. He also visited
3229:
Africa: Journal of the International African Institute
2679:. Jurong, Singapore: K.B.C Onwubiko. pp. 270–272.
2025:
Osborne, Myles; Kent, Susan Kingsley (24 March 2015).
293:
High Commissioner of the Northern Nigeria Protectorate
2083:. No. 36060. London. 8 February 1900. p. 7.
2028:
Africans and Britons in the Age of Empires, 1660–1980
3196:
The Lunatic Express, An Entertainment in Imperialism
3102:. No. 36716. London. 15 March 1902. p. 12.
2301:
The history of the Royal West African Frontier Force
1283:, Lugard was sent and he successfully organised the
3876:
3845:
3813:
3782:
3771:
3755:
3704:
3657:
3204:
Kingmakers: The Invention of the Modern Middle East
3117:. No. 36792. London. 12 June 1902. p. 12.
1205:. He was financially backed by his personal friend
874:in April 1889, Lugard accepted a position with the
573:
566:
561:
543:
529:
524:
490:
480:
472:
454:
436:
431:
423:
411:
383:
362:
339:
334:
320:
308:
292:
279:
266:
244:
230:
211:
199:
186:
170:
158:
145:
126:
112:
100:
78:
34:
4005:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
3990:British governors and governors-general of Nigeria
3935:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
3278:Lugard. Volume 2: The Years of Authority 1898–1945
3269:Lugard. Volume 1: The Years of Adventure 1858–1898
2695:History of West Africa, Book Two, 1800-Present Day
2677:History of West Africa, Book Two, 1800-Present Day
1868:"The Imperial British East Africa Company – IBEAC"
1647:George Wilson (Chief Colonial Secretary of Uganda)
2716:, University of Chicago Press, pp. 169–192,
2697:. Jurong, Singapore: K.B.C Onwubiko. p. 272.
2058:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 53–54.
1119:Lugard restored peace and order, and suppressed
4010:Vice-chancellors of the University of Hong Kong
2834:"Stabilization Lessons from the British Empire"
637:of Africa and a colonial administrator. He was
606:Frederick John Dealtry Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard
1424:(CES) of the League of Nations in 1932-1933.
966:En route, Lugard was instructed to enter into
802:could be shipped across the lake. In 1883 the
629:between 1901 and 1928, was a British soldier,
3975:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
3633:
3436:
2989:edited by Susan E. Babbitt and Sue Campbell,
2873:. Oxford University Press. pp. 180–182.
2803:. Oxford University Press. pp. 108–110.
2547:. Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) Ltd.
1090:princes to fulfill their treaty obligations.
649:(1900–1906) and last Governor (1912–1914) of
549:
535:
171:Governor of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate
8:
2946:The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery
1977:. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 126.
1241:Lugard, assisted by his indefatigable wife,
625:(22 January 1858 – 11 April 1945), known as
3965:Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
2974:The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa
2433:"8 The Scarplands of South-Eastern Nigeria"
2210:Boston University International Law Journal
1703:. Penguin; Random House. pp. 319–320.
1619:The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa
1390:League of Nations and Abolitionist activism
1340:The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa
1333:The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa
1026:from allowing the IBEAC to abandon Uganda.
3945:Royal West African Frontier Force officers
3925:Military personnel from Worcester, England
3779:
3640:
3626:
3618:
3443:
3429:
3421:
3327:
3067:(Supplement). 30 December 1919. p. 1.
3009:. Cambridge University Press. p. 71.
2106:(Supplement). 28 December 1900. p. 1.
2092:
2090:
1412:During this period he served first on the
718:from 1861 to 1871. Lugard was educated at
558:
66:
31:
27:British colonial administrator (1858–1945)
3955:British Army personnel of the Mahdist War
3894:Pro-vice-chancellor selection controversy
3241:
3202:Meyer, Karl E. and Shareen Blair Brysac.
2879:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199570485.001.0001
2862:
2860:
2809:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199570485.001.0001
2335:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199579167.001.0001
1279:'s territory against French advance from
1187:Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation
1185:and local British companies, such as the
427:Soldier, explorer, colonial administrator
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2079:"The Transfer of Nigeria to the Crown".
1942:
1481:Lugard was appointed a Companion of the
1093:In 1903, British control over the whole
980:in Kikuyu territory and entered into an
304:6 January 1900 – September 1906
182:September 1912 – 1 January 1914
141:September 1912 – 1 January 1914
3160:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2948:, Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO,
2544:The Supreme Court of Nigeria, 1956-1970
2001:Red Strangers: The White Tribe of Kenya
1971:Youé, Christopher P. (1 January 2006).
1957:The London Quarterly and Holborn Review
1658:
404: 1902; died 1929)
96:1 January 1914 – 8 August 1919
2832:Myerson, Roger B. (10 November 2022).
2722:10.7208/chicago/9780226470702.003.0008
2239:The Rulers of British Africa 1870—1914
2236:Gann, Lewis H; Duignan, Peter (1978).
1998:Nicholls, Christine Stephanie (2005).
1885:
1576:. She was a foreign correspondent for
1034:In 1894, Lugard was dispatched by the
726:. The name "Dealtry" was in honour of
3224:"Lord Lugard: A General Appreciation"
2714:Lineages of Despotism and Development
1829:
1827:
226:29 July 1907 – 16 March 1912
7:
3287:The Diaries of Lord Lugard (3 Vols.)
2323:Belmessous, Saliha (21 March 2013).
1526:A bronze bust of Lugard, created by
1469:Lugard was an advocate for European
1342:was published in 1922 and discussed
955:to secure British predominance over
876:Imperial British East Africa Company
758:(November 1885) and was awarded the
4000:Companions of the Order of the Bath
3717:Journalism and Media Studies Centre
3177:. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
1605:The Rise of our East African Empire
1416:and was involved in organising the
1003:and brought away some thousands of
3217:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3173:Lord Lugard, Frederick D. (1965).
3145:Lugard, Sir Frederick John Dealtry
2359:"VI. Amalgamation and Unification"
1911:. London: Head of Zeus Ltd. 4022.
902:—93 miles of scorching dust bowl.
641:(1907–1912), the last Governor of
25:
3930:People educated at Rossall School
3747:Swire Institute of Marine Science
2909:. Yale University. Archived from
2402:Nigeria Under British Rule (1927)
1960:. E.C. Barton. 1894. p. 330.
1688:. 25 November 1887. p. 6374.
1568:Lugard married, on 10 June 1902,
1532:National Portrait Gallery, London
1491:Order of St Michael and St George
1447:blood arising from the advent of
1429:International Labour Organization
738:Lugard was commissioned into the
724:Royal Military College, Sandhurst
418:Royal Military College, Sandhurst
4035:20th-century British politicians
4020:British expatriates in Hong Kong
3606:
3127:
2653:The Nigerian Legislative Council
2052:Adyanga, Onek C. (25 May 2011).
1160:Protectorate of Northern Nigeria
1071:Protectorate of Northern Nigeria
740:9th Foot (East Norfolk Regiment)
712:Under-Secretary of State for War
710:from 1857 to 1858 and Permanent
459:
441:
3940:Royal Norfolk Regiment officers
2710:"Comparing British Colonialism"
2437:Geographical Regions of Nigeria
2404:, Routledge, pp. 254–283,
2172:Vines, Stephen (29 June 1997).
1574:Sir Frederick Shaw, 3rd Baronet
1422:Committee of Experts on Slavery
951:Departing from Mombasa towards
580:
401:
3098:"Royal Geographical Society".
3087:. 23 March 1928. p. 2129.
2838:Texas National Security Review
2509:Nigeria : giant of Africa
2004:. Timewell Press. p. 10.
1838:. Head of Zeus. p. 4015.
742:in 1878 and joined the second
550:
536:
1:
4030:20th-century Hong Kong people
3727:Prince Philip Dental Hospital
3395:Peerage of the United Kingdom
3285:Perham, Margery, ed. (1959).
3222:Perham, Marjery (July 1945).
2576:Ukem, EO (5 September 2006).
2363:British Enterprise in Nigeria
1489:as a Knight Commander of the
1380:Permanent Mandates Commission
825:, or sometimes the Arab War.
651:Northern Nigeria Protectorate
643:Southern Nigeria Protectorate
129:Northern Nigeria Protectorate
18:Frederick John Dealtry Lugard
3289:. London: Faber & Faber.
3047:. 2 July 1895. p. 3740.
2944:Junius P. Rodriguez (1997),
2161:. 24 May 1907. p. 3589.
1414:Temporary Slavery Commission
1370:abolished by Britain in 1833
1116:for his service in Nigeria.
1017:Emin Pasha Relief Expedition
928:, Fenwick De Winton (son of
326:Sir William Wallace (acting)
3370:Governor-General of Nigeria
3319:20th Century Press Archives
3298:. Cornell University Press.
3189:. London: Robert Hale, Ltd.
3003:Jackson, Robert H. (1991).
2582:Nigerian Journal of Physics
2541:Kasunmu, Alfred B. (1977).
2329:. Oxford University Press.
1285:West African Frontier Force
1207:Sir Horsusjee Naorojee Mody
1112:Lugard was knighted in the
1060:West African Frontier Force
1007:who had been left there by
760:Distinguished Service Order
746:in India; he served in the
655:Governor-General of Nigeria
4061:
4040:Barons created by George V
2298:Haywood, A. H. W. (1964).
1603:In 1893, Lugard published
1582:and coined the place name
1517:Royal Geographical Society
1403:George Spafford Richardson
848:Exploration of East Africa
790:, including a stockade at
730:, a friend of his father.
3604:
3458:
3405:
3400:
3393:
3376:
3367:
3362:
3352:
3343:
3335:
3330:
3243:10.1017/S0001972000034124
2594:10.4314/njphy.v17i1.37995
2445:10.1525/9780520327108-013
2371:10.9783/9781512815306-008
1892:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1607:, which was partially an
1401:Lugard supported General
708:Adjutant-General in India
599:
595:
591:
557:
520:
516:
330:
297:
219:
175:
134:
89:
74:
65:
3276:Perham, Margery (1960).
3267:Perham, Margery (1956).
3194:Miller, Charles (1971).
3015:10.1017/cbo9780511559020
2991:Cornell University Press
2867:Pedersen, Susan (2015).
2615:Emecheta, Buchi (1982).
2263:Nicolson, I. F. (1969).
2031:. Routledge. p. 1.
1907:Miller, Charles (2015).
1834:Miller, Charles (2015).
1530:in 1960, is held in the
1511:in the County of Surrey.
782:Around 1880, a group of
685:. He was the son of the
677:, but was brought up in
661:Early life and education
531:Traditional Chinese
3868:Hormusjee Naorojee Mody
3805:Tang Chi Ngong Building
3800:Hung Hing Ying Building
3795:Fung Ping Shan Building
3705:Affiliated institutions
3650:University of Hong Kong
3150:Encyclopædia Britannica
2752:"Recolonisation Issues"
2708:Lange, Matthew (2009),
2326:Assimilation and Empire
2269:. Oxford: Clarendon P.
1699:Gilmour, David (2018).
1418:1926 Slavery Convention
1179:University of Hong Kong
1162:, Lugard was appointed
878:(IBEAC) and arrived in
794:on the lake from where
756:Third Anglo-Burmese War
748:Second Anglo-Afghan War
645:(1912–1914), the first
545:Simplified Chinese
503:Third Anglo-Burmese War
495:Second Anglo-Afghan War
4015:Nigeria in World War I
3985:Governors of Hong Kong
3722:Museum and Art Gallery
3452:Governors of Hong Kong
3386:as Governor of Nigeria
2756:London Review of Books
2506:Holmes, Peter (1987).
2478:, Palgrave Macmillan,
2117:Afigbo, A. E. (1979).
1565:
1030:Early colonial service
948:
867:
856:Lugard caricatured by
256:Warren Delabere Barnes
4045:British abolitionists
3346:Governor of Hong Kong
3296:Racism and Philosophy
2987:Racism and Philosophy
2850:Johnson, Paul (1999)
2650:Wheare, Joan (1950).
2484:10.1057/9781137122575
2410:10.4324/9781315032757
2304:. Gale & Polden.
1563:
1495:1901 New Year Honours
1485:(CB) in 1895. He was
1427:Lugard served on the
1407:Olaf Frederick Nelson
1164:Governor of Hong Kong
1154:Governor of Hong Kong
1114:1901 New Year Honours
1069:of the newly created
945:King's African Rifles
938:
855:
804:African Lakes Company
639:Governor of Hong Kong
473:Years of service
214:Governor of Hong Kong
2512:. Swallow Editions.
1701:The British in India
1564:Lord and Lady Lugard
1552:is named after him.
1270:Hong Kong University
1260:occurred during his
1073:. He was present at
915:slaves held by Arabs
754:(1884–1885) and the
627:Sir Frederick Lugard
37:The Right Honourable
3980:Explorers of Africa
3884:Robert Chung Affair
3732:Queen Mary Hospital
3331:Government offices
2693:Lugard, Frederick.
2675:Lugard, Frederick.
1909:The Lunatic Express
1836:The Lunatic Express
1642:Frank Lugard Brayne
1318:British colonialism
1305:Legislative Council
1277:Royal Niger Company
1213:Governor of Nigeria
1036:Royal Niger Company
665:Lugard was born in
3828:St. John's College
3339:Sir Matthew Nathan
3280:. London: Collins.
3271:. London: Collins.
3183:Middleton, Dorothy
3113:"Court Circular".
3084:The London Gazette
3064:The London Gazette
3044:The London Gazette
2916:on 7 December 2013
2158:The London Gazette
2103:The London Gazette
1685:The London Gazette
1566:
1528:Pilkington Jackson
1146:, particularly in
1126:. He also stopped
993:Rwenzori Mountains
961:kingdom of Buganda
949:
868:
834:British government
246:Colonial Secretary
3970:British explorers
3902:
3901:
3841:
3840:
3737:Shenzhen Hospital
3615:
3614:
3419:
3418:
3389:
3377:Succeeded by
3353:Succeeded by
3024:978-0-521-44783-6
2888:978-0-19-957048-5
2818:978-0-19-957048-5
2344:978-0-19-957916-7
2249:978-0-8047-0981-1
2065:978-1-4438-3035-5
1754:978-0-521-21444-5
1738:978-0-521-21444-5
1507:Baron Lugard, of
1483:Order of the Bath
1396:League of Nations
1384:League of Nations
1320:. "His system of
1266:William MacGregor
1067:High Commissioner
1024:William Gladstone
973:blood brotherhood
930:Francis de Winton
919:Zanzibar mainland
750:(1878–1880), the
647:High Commissioner
603:
602:
587:
586:
390:Flora Louise Shaw
287:Francis Henry May
252:Francis Henry May
16:(Redirected from
4052:
4025:History of Lagos
3863:Frederick Lugard
3853:Vice-chancellors
3780:
3775:
3742:University Press
3651:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3619:
3610:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3422:
3383:
3336:Preceded by
3328:
3299:
3290:
3281:
3272:
3263:
3245:
3218:
3206:(2009) pp 59–93.
3199:
3190:
3187:Lugard in Africa
3178:
3154:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3119:
3118:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3000:
2994:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2915:
2908:
2902:Miers, Suzanne.
2899:
2893:
2892:
2864:
2855:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2791:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2022:
2016:
2015:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1923:
1922:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1891:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1831:
1822:
1819:
1813:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1778:
1772:
1762:
1756:
1746:
1740:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1676:
1670:
1663:
1519:awarded him the
1307:of later years.
1250:Southern Nigeria
1103:sultan of Sokoto
1046:, in modern-day
986:Waiyaki Wa Hinga
943:with men of the
624:
583:
582:
559:
553:
552:
539:
538:
465:
463:
462:
447:
445:
444:
432:Military service
405:
403:
369:
349:
347:
335:Personal details
323:
311:
302:
282:
269:
224:
206:Office abolished
202:
189:
180:
165:Office abolished
161:
148:
139:
127:Governor of the
115:
103:
94:
80:Governor-General
70:
60:
32:
21:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4049:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3872:
3837:
3833:University Hall
3809:
3773:
3767:
3751:
3712:Students' Union
3700:
3697:Social Sciences
3653:
3649:
3646:
3616:
3611:
3602:
3454:
3449:
3409:
3382:
3373:
3358:
3356:Sir Francis May
3349:
3341:
3306:
3293:
3284:
3275:
3266:
3221:
3211:Pederson, Susan
3209:
3193:
3181:
3172:
3169:
3167:Further reading
3143:, ed. (1911). "
3139:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3025:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2984:
2980:
2972:
2968:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2906:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2889:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2849:
2845:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2795:Pedersen, Susan
2793:
2792:
2775:
2765:
2763:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2692:
2691:
2684:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2629:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2555:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2520:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2277:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2178:The Independent
2171:
2170:
2166:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2131:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2012:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1941:
1926:
1919:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1884:
1877:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1846:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1779:
1775:
1763:
1759:
1747:
1743:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1669:, 1972, p. 185.
1664:
1660:
1655:
1637:Richmond Palmer
1628:
1613:Colonial Office
1600:
1598:Published works
1558:
1521:Founder's Medal
1479:
1437:
1392:
1376:William Rappard
1353:human sacrifice
1336:
1293:Giant of Africa
1215:
1191:Western culture
1183:Colonial Office
1172:New Territories
1156:
1140:taxation system
1086:and many other
1032:
947:and a Maxim Gun
850:
780:
770:to join her in
736:
734:Military career
698:near York. His
663:
608:
509:
505:
501:
497:
476:1878–1919
460:
458:
442:
440:
407:
399:
395:
392:
371:
367:
351:
350:22 January 1858
345:
343:
321:
309:
303:
298:
280:
267:
258:
254:
237:
225:
220:
200:
187:
181:
176:
159:
153:Charles Lindsay
146:
140:
135:
113:
101:
95:
90:
61:
44:
42:
41:The Lord Lugard
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4058:
4056:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3907:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3819:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3786:
3784:
3777:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3665:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3622:
3613:
3612:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3425:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3378:
3375:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3351:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3312:
3305:
3304:External links
3302:
3301:
3300:
3291:
3282:
3273:
3264:
3236:(3): 114–122.
3219:
3207:
3200:
3191:
3179:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3155:
3141:Chisholm, Hugh
3121:
3120:
3105:
3090:
3070:
3050:
3030:
3023:
2995:
2978:
2966:
2936:
2927:
2894:
2887:
2856:
2843:
2824:
2817:
2773:
2743:
2730:
2700:
2682:
2667:
2642:
2627:
2607:
2568:
2553:
2533:
2518:
2498:
2492:
2466:
2453:
2424:
2418:
2392:
2379:
2350:
2343:
2315:
2290:
2275:
2255:
2248:
2228:
2199:
2190:
2164:
2144:
2129:
2109:
2086:
2071:
2064:
2044:
2037:
2017:
2010:
1990:
1983:
1963:
1947:
1945:, p. 116.
1924:
1917:
1899:
1859:
1844:
1823:
1814:
1798:
1789:
1773:
1757:
1741:
1725:
1716:
1710:978-0241004524
1709:
1691:
1671:
1667:Heraldry Today
1657:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1616:
1599:
1596:
1557:
1554:
1493:(KCMG) in the
1478:
1475:
1436:
1433:
1391:
1388:
1335:
1330:
1214:
1211:
1155:
1152:
1130:and abolished
1031:
1028:
870:After leaving
849:
846:
779:
776:
752:Sudan campaign
735:
732:
728:Thomas Dealtry
720:Rossall School
702:uncle was Sir
662:
659:
653:and the first
601:
600:
597:
596:
593:
592:
589:
588:
585:
584:
577:
571:
570:
568:Yue: Cantonese
564:
563:
562:Transcriptions
555:
554:
547:
541:
540:
533:
527:
526:
522:
521:
518:
517:
514:
513:
492:
488:
487:
482:
478:
477:
474:
470:
469:
456:
455:Branch/service
452:
451:
438:
434:
433:
429:
428:
425:
421:
420:
415:
409:
408:
397:
393:
388:
387:
385:
381:
380:
370:(aged 87)
364:
360:
359:
341:
337:
336:
332:
331:
328:
327:
324:
318:
317:
315:Office created
312:
306:
305:
295:
294:
290:
289:
283:
277:
276:
274:Matthew Nathan
270:
264:
263:
248:
242:
241:
232:
228:
227:
217:
216:
209:
208:
203:
197:
196:
194:Walter Egerton
190:
184:
183:
173:
172:
168:
167:
162:
156:
155:
149:
143:
142:
132:
131:
124:
123:
116:
110:
109:
107:Office created
104:
98:
97:
87:
86:
76:
75:
72:
71:
63:
62:
43:
40:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4057:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3815:Accommodation
3812:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3790:Main Building
3788:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3770:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3643:
3638:
3636:
3631:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3609:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3446:
3441:
3439:
3434:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3407:Baron Lugard
3403:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3381:
3380:Hugh Clifford
3372:
3371:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3348:
3347:
3340:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3137:
3136:public domain
3125:
3124:
3116:
3109:
3106:
3101:
3094:
3091:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3026:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3007:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2940:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2847:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2828:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2733:
2731:9780226470689
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2701:
2696:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2671:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2646:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2628:0-333-33637-2
2624:
2621:. Macmillan.
2620:
2619:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2572:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2554:978-129-289-X
2550:
2546:
2545:
2537:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2519:0-9508498-1-2
2515:
2511:
2510:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2493:9781137122575
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2467:
2456:
2454:9780520327108
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2419:9781315032757
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2393:
2382:
2380:9781512815306
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2319:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2294:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2276:0-19-821652-1
2272:
2268:
2267:
2259:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2232:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2130:0-582-64664-2
2126:
2122:
2121:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2038:9781317514817
2034:
2030:
2029:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2011:9781857252064
2007:
2003:
2002:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1984:9780889205482
1980:
1976:
1975:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1943:Chisholm 1911
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1918:9781784972714
1914:
1910:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1873:
1872:Softkenya.com
1869:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1845:9781784972714
1841:
1837:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1811:0-415-41063-0
1808:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1786:0-415-41063-0
1783:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1770:0-415-41063-0
1767:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:Indirect rule
1630:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1609:autobiography
1606:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1594:Crematorium.
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1562:
1556:Personal life
1555:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1542:Victoria Peak
1539:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1504:
1500:
1499:Privy Council
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1464:
1463:Olúfẹmi Táíwò
1460:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1344:indirect rule
1341:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1322:Indirect Rule
1319:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1297:Supreme Court
1294:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:protectorates
1212:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1144:indirect rule
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:slave raiding
1125:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1013:H. M. Stanley
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
987:
983:
979:
974:
969:
964:
962:
958:
954:
946:
942:
941:Mengo, Uganda
937:
933:
931:
927:
926:George Wilson
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
884:royal charter
881:
877:
873:
865:
864:
859:
854:
847:
845:
843:
842:7-pounder gun
837:
835:
831:
826:
824:
820:
816:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
777:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
733:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:Edward Lugard
701:
697:
693:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
660:
658:
657:(1914–1919).
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
598:
594:
590:
578:
576:
572:
569:
565:
560:
556:
548:
546:
542:
534:
532:
528:
523:
519:
515:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
493:
489:
486:
483:
479:
475:
471:
468:
457:
453:
450:
449:Great Britain
439:
435:
430:
426:
422:
419:
416:
414:
410:
391:
386:
382:
378:
374:
366:11 April 1945
365:
361:
358:
357:British India
354:
342:
338:
333:
329:
325:
319:
316:
313:
307:
301:
296:
291:
288:
284:
278:
275:
271:
265:
262:
257:
253:
249:
247:
243:
240:
236:
233:
229:
223:
218:
215:
210:
207:
204:
198:
195:
191:
185:
179:
174:
169:
166:
163:
157:
154:
150:
144:
138:
133:
130:
125:
122:(as Governor)
121:
120:Hugh Clifford
117:
111:
108:
105:
99:
93:
88:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
59:
55:
51:
47:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3889:818 incident
3862:
3664:Architecture
3527:
3413:
3406:
3402:New creation
3401:
3385:
3384:
3368:
3363:
3344:
3295:
3286:
3277:
3268:
3233:
3227:
3214:
3203:
3195:
3186:
3174:
3158:
3148:
3114:
3108:
3099:
3093:
3082:
3073:
3062:
3053:
3042:
3033:
3005:
2998:
2986:
2981:
2973:
2969:
2945:
2939:
2930:
2918:. Retrieved
2911:the original
2897:
2869:
2852:Modern Times
2851:
2846:
2837:
2827:
2799:
2764:. Retrieved
2759:
2755:
2746:
2735:, retrieved
2713:
2703:
2694:
2676:
2670:
2652:
2645:
2617:
2610:
2585:
2581:
2571:
2543:
2536:
2508:
2501:
2475:
2469:
2458:, retrieved
2436:
2427:
2401:
2395:
2384:, retrieved
2362:
2353:
2325:
2318:
2300:
2293:
2265:
2258:
2238:
2231:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2193:
2181:. Retrieved
2177:
2167:
2156:
2147:
2119:
2112:
2101:
2080:
2074:
2054:
2047:
2027:
2020:
2000:
1993:
1973:
1966:
1956:
1950:
1908:
1902:
1876:. Retrieved
1871:
1862:
1835:
1817:
1801:
1792:
1776:
1760:
1744:
1728:
1719:
1700:
1694:
1683:
1674:
1666:
1661:
1618:
1604:
1583:
1577:
1567:
1536:
1525:
1514:
1506:
1480:
1468:
1461:
1438:
1426:
1411:
1400:
1393:
1374:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1313:backwardness
1309:
1301:
1289:
1274:
1262:governorship
1255:
1247:
1240:
1236:amelioration
1227:amalgamation
1216:
1176:
1157:
1118:
1111:
1099:emir of Kano
1095:protectorate
1092:
1064:
1052:Lagos Colony
1033:
1021:
990:
965:
950:
923:
911:emancipation
907:Sabaki River
904:
869:
861:
838:
827:
812:
781:
737:
664:
626:
605:
604:
525:Chinese name
491:Battles/wars
467:British Army
368:(1945-04-11)
322:Succeeded by
314:
299:
281:Succeeded by
261:Claud Severn
221:
205:
201:Succeeded by
177:
164:
160:Succeeded by
136:
114:Succeeded by
106:
91:
29:
3920:1945 deaths
3915:1858 births
3763:HKU station
3678:Engineering
3513:W. Robinson
3483:H. Robinson
3157:Biography,
3079:"No. 33369"
3059:"No. 31712"
3039:"No. 26639"
2618:Naira power
2153:"No. 28024"
2123:. Longman.
2098:"No. 27261"
1680:"No. 25761"
1538:Lugard Road
1471:paternalist
1136:slave trade
1075:Mount Patti
1015:during the
1001:Lake Albert
997:Lake Edward
900:Taru Desert
863:Vanity Fair
823:Karonga War
788:Lake Malawi
778:Karonga War
511:World War I
507:Karonga War
499:Mahdist War
310:Preceded by
268:Preceded by
188:Preceded by
147:Preceded by
102:Preceded by
3909:Categories
3823:Ricci Hall
3774:Structures
3488:MacDonnell
3410:1928–1945
3374:1914–1919
3350:1907–1912
2920:7 December
1653:References
1570:Flora Shaw
1451:among the
1243:Flora Shaw
1044:Lake Ngami
1009:Emin Pasha
830:Mozambique
815:ammunition
716:War Office
437:Allegiance
424:Profession
413:Alma mater
346:1858-01-22
235:Edward VII
3756:Transport
3681:Education
3675:Dentistry
3658:Faculties
3583:MacLehose
3558:Northcote
3553:Caldecott
3463:Pottinger
3364:New title
3260:147554864
3115:The Times
3100:The Times
2962:25434623M
2762:(2). 2001
2737:5 January
2602:1595-0611
2460:5 January
2386:5 January
2310:613013836
2223:0737-8947
2217:(1): 64.
2081:The Times
1888:cite news
1854:968732897
1579:The Times
1546:Hong Kong
1338:Lugard's
1258:Adubi War
1231:consensus
1199:democracy
1195:East Asia
1168:Weihaiwei
1124:despotism
1107:residents
978:Dagoretti
872:Nyasaland
808:merchants
744:battalion
696:Melbourne
679:Worcester
631:mercenary
581:lou4 gat1
379:, England
300:In office
222:In office
212:14th
178:In office
137:In office
92:In office
3783:Building
3690:Medicine
3672:Business
3568:Grantham
3543:Clementi
3508:Des Vœux
3498:Hennessy
3414:Extinct
3213:(2015).
3185:(1959).
2954:37884790
2797:(2015).
2637:16598969
2528:19060960
2139:16490698
1626:See also
1588:cremated
1487:knighted
1361:Portugal
1203:equality
1148:Igboland
1134:and the
1101:and the
1048:Botswana
1005:Sudanese
982:alliance
968:treaties
896:Machakos
888:Zanzibar
792:Chilumba
764:divorcee
722:and the
700:paternal
687:Reverend
635:explorer
575:Jyutping
239:George V
231:Monarchs
3877:History
3694:Science
3493:Kennedy
3478:Bowring
3321:of the
3317:in the
3252:1156118
3138::
2563:5727823
1621:, 1922.
1584:Nigeria
1509:Abinger
1503:peerage
1477:Honours
1445:Hamitic
1382:of the
1357:Germany
1281:Dahomey
1132:slavery
1056:Nigeria
917:in the
913:of the
880:Mombasa
819:slaving
784:Swahili
772:Lucknow
714:at the
683:England
671:Chennai
406:
398:
394:
373:Dorking
84:Nigeria
3858:Alumni
3846:People
3598:Patten
3593:Wilson
3578:Trench
3538:Stubbs
3528:Lugard
3523:Nathan
3473:Bonham
3258:
3250:
3132:
3021:
2993:, 1999
2960:
2952:
2885:
2854:pp.156
2815:
2728:
2662:504865
2660:
2635:
2625:
2600:
2561:
2551:
2526:
2516:
2490:
2451:
2416:
2377:
2341:
2308:
2283:
2273:
2246:
2221:
2183:4 June
2137:
2127:
2062:
2035:
2008:
1981:
1915:
1878:29 May
1852:
1842:
1809:
1784:
1768:
1752:
1736:
1707:
1592:Woking
1457:Fulani
1365:France
1328:men."
1121:Fulani
1084:Sokoto
1079:Lokoja
957:German
953:Uganda
892:Uganda
866:, 1895
800:slaves
692:Thorne
667:Madras
464:
446:
384:Spouse
377:Surrey
353:Madras
3588:Youde
3573:Black
3563:Young
3518:Blake
3503:Bowen
3468:Davis
3256:S2CID
3248:JSTOR
2914:(PDF)
2907:(PDF)
2766:2 May
2588:(1).
2285:69638
1550:China
1453:Hausa
1449:Islam
1441:Aryan
1435:Views
1223:Lagos
1040:Borgu
984:with
796:ivory
768:Burma
675:India
673:) in
669:(now
620:
616:
612:
485:Major
400:(
396:
56:
52:
48:
3668:Arts
3548:Peel
3019:ISBN
2950:OCLC
2922:2013
2883:ISBN
2813:ISBN
2768:2023
2739:2022
2726:ISBN
2658:OCLC
2633:OCLC
2623:ISBN
2598:ISSN
2559:OCLC
2549:ISBN
2524:OCLC
2514:ISBN
2488:ISBN
2462:2022
2449:ISBN
2414:ISBN
2388:2022
2375:ISBN
2339:ISBN
2306:OCLC
2281:OCLC
2271:ISBN
2244:ISBN
2219:ISSN
2185:2021
2135:OCLC
2125:ISBN
2060:ISBN
2033:ISBN
2006:ISBN
1979:ISBN
1913:ISBN
1894:link
1880:2017
1850:OCLC
1840:ISBN
1807:ISBN
1782:ISBN
1766:ISBN
1750:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1705:ISBN
1515:The
1455:and
1256:The
1088:Fula
1054:and
1011:and
890:and
860:for
798:and
694:and
610:GCMG
481:Rank
363:Died
340:Born
285:Sir
272:Sir
259:Sir
250:Sir
192:Sir
151:Sir
118:Sir
46:GCMG
3685:Law
3533:May
3323:ZBW
3238:doi
3147:".
3011:doi
2976:p76
2875:doi
2805:doi
2718:doi
2590:doi
2480:doi
2441:doi
2406:doi
2367:doi
2331:doi
1590:at
1544:in
1540:on
1505:as
1443:or
1363:or
1201:or
1193:in
1038:to
995:to
858:Spy
618:DSO
82:of
54:DSO
3911::
3254:.
3246:.
3234:15
3232:.
3226:.
3081:.
3061:.
3041:.
3017:.
2958:OL
2956:,
2881:.
2859:^
2836:.
2811:.
2776:^
2760:23
2758:.
2754:.
2724:,
2712:,
2685:^
2631:.
2596:.
2586:17
2584:.
2580:.
2557:.
2522:.
2486:,
2447:,
2435:,
2412:,
2373:,
2361:,
2337:.
2279:.
2215:15
2213:.
2176:.
2155:.
2133:.
2100:.
2089:^
1927:^
1890:}}
1886:{{
1870:.
1848:.
1826:^
1682:.
1548:,
1534:.
1409:.
1386:.
1359:,
1150:.
1109:.
1077:,
1019:.
988:.
963:.
921:.
836:.
810:.
706:,
681:,
633:,
622:PC
614:CB
551:卢吉
537:盧吉
402:m.
375:,
355:,
58:PC
50:CB
3641:e
3634:t
3627:v
3444:e
3437:t
3430:v
3262:.
3240::
3198:.
3027:.
3013::
2924:.
2891:.
2877::
2840:.
2821:.
2807::
2770:.
2720::
2664:.
2639:.
2604:.
2592::
2565:.
2530:.
2482::
2443::
2408::
2369::
2347:.
2333::
2312:.
2287:.
2252:.
2225:.
2187:.
2141:.
2068:.
2041:.
2014:.
1987:.
1921:.
1896:)
1882:.
1856:.
1713:.
1615:.
348:)
344:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
