25:
360:
Article 9. Item, the king forbids all clergymen to commit any offences touching his venison or his forests. He strictly orders his foresters that, if they find such men committing offences, they shall not hesitate to lay hands on those men in order to hold them and put them under attachment; he
314:
The term "warrant" occurs very early in constitutional documents: it is found in the Assize of
Clarendon and the Assize of the Forest, both in the reign of Henry II., but in neither case in its modern meaning. The original meaning seems to have been more akin to guarantee (q.v.), warranty or
596:
The roe ceased to be a beast of forest in the fourteenth century owing to a decision in the Court of King's Bench, 13 Edw. III, which decided that it was a beast of warren on the ground that it drove away the other deer (Turner, Select Pleas of the Forest (Selden Soc.), xxi).
152:
relationship. The grantee of the warren was granted an exemption from the law (under which all game in the realm was property of the sovereign), but the grantee owed the sovereign the stewardship and protection of the game from all others who might wish to hunt it.
231:
was as a legal term. However, as the franchise defined both a set of species and a geographic extent, the natural semantic extensions arose, namely for the individual animals as a group, or for the land they inhabited. As it became pragmatically necessary for
382:
and other beasts not fit for the table) was not regulated. This definition was flexible, however, depending on whether the animal was thought to provide good sport, as wolves, foxes, badgers, or bears. In practice, vermin could only be killed on the
599:'Sport, ancient and modern: Introduction', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 2: General; Ashford, East Bedfont with Hatton, Feltham, Hampton with Hampton Wick, Hanworth, Laleham, Littleton (1911), pp. 253–58, Note 20.
315:
security; and to some extent the term implies something in the nature of a guarantee or representation by the person issuing the warrant that the person who acts on it can do so without incurring any legal penalty.
270:(5) But the warden, as long as he hath the custody of the lands, shall keep up and maintain the houses, parks, warrens, ponds, mills, and other things belonging to them, out of their issues;
415:
was transferred to "beast of warren" from "beast of the forest" in the fourteenth century. Roe deer are still found within woodlands named "Warren" in contemporary
England. The
114:
The grant of free warren could be as a gift, or in exchange for consideration, and might be later alienated by the grantee. The stipulated area might be coextensive with the
118:
of the grantee, or it might be discontinuous or even at a considerable remove from the grantee's holdings. The right of free warren did not extend automatically to the
649:
761:
741:
720:
558:
479:
407:"The beasts and fouls of Warren are these, The Hare, the Cony, the Pheasant, and the Partridge, and none other are accompted beasts or fouls of Warren."
776:
495:"Magna Carta: A Commentary on the Great Charter of King John, with and Historical Introduction, by William Sharp McKechnie (Glasgow: Maclehose, 1914)"
494:
777:
Magna Carta: A Commentary on the Great
Charter of King John, with and Historical Introduction, by William Sharp McKechnie (Glasgow: Maclehose, 1914).
306:
does not refer to the lack of enclosure surrounding the precincts of the warren, but rather to the fact the "liberty" of hunting derives from a
677:
684:
526:
has been proposed, based on the notion of "post → enclosure"; but this ignores the documented evolution of the term from the
791:
347:
Article 2. Item, he has commanded that no one shall have bows, arrows, dogs, or hounds in his forests, unless has the
653:
72:
498:
626:
336:
340:
535:
609:"Beasts of (free) warren are roe, hare, rabbit, partridge, pheasant, woodcock, quail, rail and heron" (
622:
387:
or waste, since none but the grantee was permitted to have instruments of the hunt within the warren.
133:. Thus, even though the warrant ultimately derived from the sovereign, the only statutes applied to
332:
374:
The permission to take game was limited to certain types of animals. Generally, the killing of
703:
Forests and Chases in
England and Wales, c. 1500 to c. 1850 A Glossary of Terms and Definitions
527:
416:
238:
236:
not holding a free warren to enclose their breeding establishments, these "closed warrens" or
187:
572:
598:
519:
162:
755:
246:). In 1649 the metaphoric use as "cluster of densely populated living spaces" is recorded.
796:
688:
255:
209:
68:
710:
469:
446:
Sometimes domestic swine are mistakenly thought to be beasts of warren, due the right of
443:
are not birds of warren. Fox, wolf, cat, badger, and squirrel are sometimes also added.
697:
585:
731:
548:
169:
115:
87:
785:
750:
736:
715:
553:
474:
307:
149:
103:
400:
396:
275:
126:
702:
432:
263:
290:
evolved for the custodian of the lowest of the hunting franchises, the warren.
233:
180:
130:
119:
765:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 644–645.
745:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 327–327.
724:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 440–441.
562:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 327–327.
483:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 440–441.
283:
279:
204:
76:
125:
Although the rights of free warren are usually discussed in the context of
16:
Type of franchise or privilege conveyed by a sovereign in mediaeval
England
266:. In addition, the office of warden is used for the overseer of a warren:
771:
Select
Charters and Other Illustrations of English Constitutional History
531:
424:
420:
412:
379:
142:
134:
91:
80:
682:[http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/blackstone/bk2ch27.htm Online Version
447:
384:
242:
began also to be designated simply as "warrens" (use recorded in 1378;
99:
83:
440:
375:
95:
678:
ARTFL Project: Webster
Dictionary, 1913, p *Blackstone, xxx. 9999.
86:
to an
English subject, promising to hold them harmless for killing
754:
650:"The Book of Household Management, by Isabella Beeton (chapter17)"
436:
428:
138:
286:
of the nearest royal castle; over time the less exalted title of
709:
530:, as well as being semantically inappropriate for an unenclosed
468:
730:
547:
243:
18:
219:) "to defend, protect", and also to English "a-ware, wary".
411:
However, Manwood is mistaken in his assignments, since the
194:"to take care; to cause to care (for)" ← causative of *
90:
of certain species within a stipulated area, usually a
39:
695:
A Treatise and
Discourse of the Lawes of the Forrest
639://www.hants.org.uk/newforest/history/history1.html]
630:, (1778): Devonshire v. Lodge, 7 Barn. & C. 36.
129:, the only law which applied within the warren was
574:The Assize of the Forest (Woodstock) 1184 Henry II
351:of the king or of some other man who can be his
36:. In particular, "Only for common law experts".
98:. The sovereign involved might be either the
8:
773:, p. 74. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
137:in a warren were the common-law crimes of
610:
459:
439:to Manwood's list. On the other hand,
7:
262:was used in legal documents such as
680:Commentaries on the Laws of England
148:The privilege of free warren was a
14:
729:Craies, William Feilden (1911b).
708:Craies, William Feilden (1911a).
546:Craies, William Feilden (1911b).
467:Craies, William Feilden (1911).
403:, cites these beasts of warren:
23:
223:Free warren and domestic warren
34:may be very hard to understand
1:
395:The most cited authority on
627:A New Abridgment of the Law
813:
308:warrant of the sovereign
762:Encyclopædia Britannica
742:Encyclopædia Britannica
721:Encyclopædia Britannica
559:Encyclopædia Britannica
480:Encyclopædia Britannica
361:himself will give full
190:present participle of *
769:Stubbs, William. 1900
693:Manwood, John. 1598.
409:
317:
272:
405:
312:
268:
792:Medieval English law
337:Assize of the Forest
227:The original use of
202:"care". Doublet of
67:—is a type of
63:—often simply
756:"Forest Laws"
341:Assize of Woodstock
333:Henry II of England
687:2006-06-14 at the
294:Warren and warrant
711:"Game Laws"
470:"Game Laws"
417:1911 Encyclopedia
319:All of the terms
258:form of the word
250:Warren and warden
57:
56:
804:
766:
758:
746:
734:
725:
713:
665:
664:
662:
661:
652:. Archived from
646:
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631:
624:Matthew Bacon’s
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607:
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551:
543:
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516:
510:
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497:. Archived from
491:
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472:
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370:Beasts of warren
274:The warden of a
239:domestic warrens
52:
49:
43:
27:
26:
19:
812:
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732:"Warrant"
728:
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689:Wayback Machine
674:
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613:, p. 441).
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549:"Warrant"
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256:Mediaeval Latin
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47:
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37:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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783:
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753:, ed. (1911).
751:Chisholm, Hugh
747:
737:Chisholm, Hugh
726:
716:Chisholm, Hugh
705:
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698:Online Version
691:
673:
670:
667:
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641:
632:
615:
602:
589:
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554:Chisholm, Hugh
538:
522:etymology for
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486:
475:Chisholm, Hugh
458:
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392:
389:
371:
368:
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298:The adjective
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278:was often the
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208:. Related to
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116:frank-tenement
111:
108:
75:conveyed by a
55:
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4:
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656:on 2006-09-03
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501:on 2006-06-16
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48:November 2019
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32:This article
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672:Bibliography
658:. Retrieved
654:the original
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611:Craies 1911a
605:
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541:
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503:. Retrieved
499:the original
489:
478:
462:
445:
410:
406:
401:John Manwood
394:
378:(defined as
373:
362:
352:
348:
331:are used in
328:
324:
320:
318:
313:
303:
299:
297:
287:
276:Royal forest
273:
269:
259:
253:
237:
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203:
199:
198:"to care" ←
195:
191:
183:
176:
172:
165:
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147:
124:
113:
104:marcher lord
64:
60:
58:
45:
38:Please help
33:
343:) in 1184:
310:. That is,
304:free warren
264:Magna Carta
234:freeholders
229:free warren
61:free warren
786:Categories
660:2006-06-20
505:2006-06-20
454:References
397:forest law
150:reciprocal
131:common law
127:forest law
120:freeholder
40:clarify it
380:predators
353:warrantor
325:warrantor
284:constable
280:castellan
205:guarantor
157:Etymology
94:or small
77:sovereign
73:privilege
69:franchise
685:Archived
532:woodland
528:Germanic
425:woodcock
413:roe deer
363:warranty
339:(a.k.a.
329:warranty
288:warrener
188:Germanic
184:warrenne
177:warreine
143:trespass
135:poachers
81:medieval
739:(ed.).
718:(ed.).
556:(ed.).
477:(ed.).
448:pannage
391:Manwood
385:commons
349:warrant
321:warrant
260:warenna
217:*wärian
173:warrene
163:English
161:Modern
100:monarch
84:England
797:Rights
524:warren
520:Celtic
441:grouse
376:vermin
327:, and
215:(i.e.
213:werien
192:warian
166:warren
96:forest
65:warren
735:. In
714:. In
552:. In
473:. In
437:heron
429:quail
419:adds
196:waran
139:theft
102:or a
435:and
433:rail
300:free
254:The
200:*war
141:and
92:wood
88:game
421:roe
335:'s
302:in
282:or
244:OED
210:OHG
181:ONF
110:Law
79:in
71:or
788::
759:.
518:A
450:.
431:,
427:,
423:,
399:,
323:,
186:←
179:←
175:,
170:ME
168:←
145:.
106:.
59:A
663:.
534:.
508:.
365:.
355:.
50:)
46:(
42:.
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