730:(1840–1905; physicist, mathematician, and inventor). Abbe gave lectures on theory of gravity, galvanism and electrodynamics, complex analysis theory of functions of a complex variable, applications of physics, selected divisions of mechanics, and mechanics of solids. Abbe was more than a teacher to Frege: he was a trusted friend, and, as director of the optical manufacturer Carl Zeiss AG, he was in a position to advance Frege's career. After Frege's graduation, they came into closer correspondence.
896:, but iterations of these operations, especially "some" and "all", were little understood: even the distinction between a sentence like "every boy loves some girl" and "some girl is loved by every boy" could be represented only very artificially, whereas Frege's formalism had no difficulty expressing the different readings of "every boy loves some girl who loves some boy who loves some girl" and similar sentences, in complete parallel with his treatment of, say, "every boy is foolish".
3195:
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664:). His father Carl (Karl) Alexander Frege (1809–1866) was the co-founder and headmaster of a girls' high school until his death. After Carl's death, the school was led by Frege's mother Auguste Wilhelmine Sophie Frege (née Bialloblotzky, 12 January 1815 – 14 October 1898); her mother was Auguste Amalia Maria Ballhorn, a descendant of
1335:
or "What objects do number-words ('one', 'two', etc.) refer to?" But in pursuing these matters, he eventually found himself analysing and explaining what meaning is, and thus came to several conclusions that proved highly consequential for the subsequent course of analytic philosophy and the philosophy of language.
940:
One of Frege's stated purposes was to isolate genuinely logical principles of inference, so that in the proper representation of mathematical proof, one would at no point appeal to "intuition". If there was an intuitive element, it was to be isolated and represented separately as an axiom: from there
1426:
his political opinions became more radical. In the last year of his life, at the age of 76, his diary contained political opinions opposing the parliamentary system, democrats, liberals, Catholics, the French and Jews, who he thought ought to be deprived of political rights and, preferably, expelled
1087:
is not a member of itself, and is thus inconsistent. Frege wrote a hasty, last-minute
Appendix to Vol. 2, deriving the contradiction and proposing to eliminate it by modifying Basic Law V. Frege opened the Appendix with the exceptionally honest comment: "Hardly anything more unfortunate can befall a
783:
In 1873, Frege attained his doctorate under Ernst
Christian Julius Schering, with a dissertation under the title of "Ueber eine geometrische Darstellung der imaginären Gebilde in der Ebene" ("On a Geometrical Representation of Imaginary Forms in a Plane"), in which he aimed to solve such fundamental
1378:
The distinction can be illustrated thus: In their ordinary uses, the name "Charles Philip Arthur George
Mountbatten-Windsor", which for logical purposes is an unanalysable whole, and the functional expression "the King of the United Kingdom", which contains the significant parts "the King of ξ" and
1334:
appeal to mental explanations of the content of judgment of the meaning of sentences. His original purpose was very far from answering general questions about meaning; instead, he devised his logic to explore the foundations of arithmetic, undertaking to answer questions such as "What is a number?"
1371:, where a given expression (say the expression "Tom") simply refers to the entity bearing the name (the person named Tom). Frege also held that propositions had a referential relationship with their truth-value (in other words, a statement "refers" to the truth-value it takes). By contrast, the
1088:
scientific writer than to have one of the foundations of his edifice shaken after the work is finished. This was the position I was placed in by a letter of Mr. Bertrand
Russell, just when the printing of this volume was nearing its completion." (This letter and Frege's reply are translated in
1361:("Bedeutung", which has also been translated as "meaning", or "denotation"). While conventional accounts of meaning took expressions to have just one feature (reference), Frege introduced the view that expressions have two different aspects of significance: their sense and their reference.
1186:
because it was noticed that in developing arithmetic, Frege's use of Basic Law V is restricted to a proof of Hume's principle; it is from this, in turn, that arithmetical principles are derived. On Hume's principle and Frege's theorem, see "Frege's Logic, Theorem, and
Foundations for
791:
Frege married
Margarete Katharina Sophia Anna Lieseberg (15 February 1856 – 25 June 1904) on 14 March 1887. The couple had at least two children, who unfortunately died when young. Years later they adopted a son, Alfred. Little else is known about Frege's family life, however.
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780:(1817–81; philosophy of religion). Many of the philosophical doctrines of the mature Frege have parallels in Lotze; it has been the subject of scholarly debate whether or not there was a direct influence on Frege's views arising from his attending Lotze's lectures.
1470:
Frege was described by his students as a highly introverted person, seldom entering into dialogues with others and mostly facing the blackboard while lecturing. He was, however, known to occasionally show wit and even bitter sarcasm during his classes.
705:
and graduated in 1869. Teacher of mathematics and natural science Gustav Adolf Leo Sachse (1843–1909), who was also a poet, played an important role in determining Frege's future scientific career, encouraging him to continue his studies at his own
1375:(or "Sinn") associated with a complete sentence is the thought it expresses. The sense of an expression is said to be the "mode of presentation" of the item referred to, and there can be multiple modes of representation for the same referent.
1048:∀x. The set of Fs is the same as the set of Gs just in case every F is a G and every G is an F. (The case is special because what is here being called the extension of a predicate, or a set, is only one type of "value-range" of a function.)
978:, vol. 1, 1893; vol. 2, 1903; vol. 2 was published at his own expense), Frege attempted to derive, by use of his symbolism, all of the laws of arithmetic from axioms he asserted as logical. Most of these axioms were carried over from his
1446:. Frege recorded the belief that it would be best if the Jews of Germany would "get lost, or better would like to disappear from Germany." Some interpretations have been written about that time. The diary contains a critique of
1099:, and hence is worthless (indeed, this would make for a contradiction in Frege's system if he had axiomatized the idea, fundamental to his discussion, that the True and the False are distinct objects; see, for example,
2501:, pp. 99ff. Sluga's source was an article by Eckart Menzler-Trott: "Ich wünsch die Wahrheit und nichts als die Wahrheit: Das politische Testament des deutschen Mathematikers und Logikers Gottlob Frege". In:
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683:(2nd ed., Wismar 1850; 3rd ed., Wismar and Ludwigslust: Hinstorff, 1862) (Help book for teaching German to children from 9 to 13 years old), the first section of which dealt with the structure and
6354:
1750:
2766:. Univ. of California Press. Translation of selected sections from volume 2 in Geach and Black (1980). Complete translation of both volumes: Philip A. Ebert and Marcus Rossberg, 2013,
1863:. (I. Angelelli, ed.). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1967 and Hildesheim, G. Olms, 1967. "Small Writings," a collection of most of his writings (e.g., the previous),
1598:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005: "Appendix A. Begriffsschrift in Modern Notation: (1) to (51)" and "Appendix B. Begriffsschrift in Modern Notation: (52) to (68)."
3116:, 1965, "Frege's Theory of Number." Reprinted with Postscript in Demopoulos (1965): 182–210. The starting point of the ongoing sympathetic reexamination of Frege's logicism.
1216:
stating his differences with Frege. The diagrammatic notation that Frege used had no antecedents (and has had no imitators since). Moreover, until
Russell and Whitehead's
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4444:
1695:
Grundgesetze der
Arithmetik – Begriffsschriftlich abgeleitet. Band I und II: In moderne Formelnotation transkribiert und mit einem ausführlichen Sachregister versehen
726:. In the four semesters of his studies he attended approximately twenty courses of lectures, most of them on mathematics and physics. His most important teacher was
2160:
764:
Starting in 1871, Frege continued his studies in Göttingen, the leading university in mathematics in German-speaking territories, where he attended the lectures of
6419:
2850:. Oxford University Press. — Vigorous, if controversial, criticism of both Frege's philosophy and influential contemporary interpretations such as Dummett's.
907:. Frege's "conceptual notation", however, can represent such inferences. The analysis of logical concepts and the machinery of formalization that is essential to
3360:
2123:'s "Bausteine der mathematischen Logik", pp. 355–357, esp. 355. Translated by Stefan Bauer-Mengelberg as "On the building blocks of mathematical logic" in
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s. This principle, too, is consistent if second-order arithmetic is, and suffices to prove the axioms of second-order arithmetic. This result is termed
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Rechnungsmethoden, die sich auf eine
Erweiterung des Größenbegriffes gründen (Methods of Calculation based on an Extension of the Concept of Magnitude)
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835:, and in so doing, he devised techniques that separated him from the Aristotelian syllogistic but took him rather close to Stoic propositional logic.
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on, the proof was to be purely logical and without gaps. Having exhibited this possibility, Frege's larger purpose was to defend the view that
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Festschrift Ludwig
Boltzmann gewidmet zum sechzigsten geburtstage 20. Februar 1904. Mit einem portrait, 101 abbildungen im text und 2 tafeln
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Frege's published philosophical writings were of a very technical nature and divorced from practical issues, so much so that Frege scholar
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2795:, vol. 42, 1994, pp. 1057–98. Introduction by the editors on pp. 1057–66. This article has been translated into English, in:
949:: unlike geometry, arithmetic was to be shown to have no basis in "intuition", and no need for non-logical axioms. Already in the 1879
733:
His other notable university teachers were Christian Philipp Karl Snell (1806–86; subjects: use of infinitesimal analysis in geometry,
265:
Ueber eine geometrische Darstellung der imaginären Gebilde in der Ebene (On a Geometrical Representation of Imaginary Forms in a Plane)
6404:
6319:
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104:
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560:(1889–1951) introduced his work to later generations of philosophers. Frege is widely considered to be the greatest logician since
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1962:
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528:; 8 November 1848 – 26 July 1925) was a German philosopher, logician, and mathematician. He was a mathematics professor at the
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2575:, vol. 42, 1994, pp. 1057–98. Introduction by the editors on pp. 1057–66. This article has been translated into English, in:
866:
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1704:, translated and edited with an introduction by Philip A. Ebert and Marcus Rossberg. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
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In childhood, Frege encountered philosophies that would guide his future scientific career. For example, his father wrote a
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Though his education and early mathematical work focused primarily on geometry, Frege's work soon turned to logic. His
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Bertrand Russell and the Nature of Propositions: A History and Defence of the Multiple Relation Theory of Judgement
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1395:" is a part of the sense of the latter expression, but no part of the sense of the "full name" of King Charles.
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Basic Law V can be weakened in other ways. The best-known way is due to philosopher and mathematical logician
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In English: "On Sense and Reference", alternatively translated (in later edition) as "On Sense and Meaning".
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expressed his "shock to discover, while reading Frege's diary, that his hero was an anti-Semite." After the
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are rewritten in modern notation in this work. Partial rewriting of the proofs of Part III is included in
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A frequently noted example is that Aristotle's logic is unable to represent mathematical statements like
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3151:. Aberdeen University Press. — A systematic exposition and a scope-restricted defense of Frege's
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Frege's work in logic had little international attention until 1903 when Russell wrote an appendix to
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from Germany. Frege confided "that he had once thought of himself as a liberal and was an admirer of
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3011:. Princeton Univ. Press. — A critical survey of the ongoing rehabilitation of Frege's logicism.
776:(1804–91; physical studies, applied physics), Eduard Riecke (1845–1915; theory of electricity), and
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2907:. University of Illinois Press. — 31 essays by philosophers, grouped under three headings: 1.
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1799:(1918–1923). Frege intended that the following three papers be published together in a book titled
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1989:
1811:, ed. G. Patzig, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1966, and English translations appeared together in
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984:, though not without some significant changes. The one truly new principle was one he called the
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2900:. Penguin Books. — Excellent non-technical introduction and overview of Frege's philosophy.
2713:
Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik: Eine logisch-mathematische Untersuchung über den Begriff der Zahl
2008:
1994:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University – via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
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Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik: Eine logisch-mathematische Untersuchung über den Begriff der Zahl
1183:
447:
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cannot be put into one-to-one correspondence with the universe of discourse, that is, unless: ∃
745:(1824–1900; analytic geometry, applied physics, algebraic analysis, on the telegraph and other
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second-order logic. Predicative second-order logic plus Basic Law V is provably consistent by
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1891. "Funktion und Begriff." Translation: "Function and Concept" in Geach and Black (1980).
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Frege's proposed remedy was subsequently shown to imply that there is but one object in the
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3083:. Princeton University Press. — Fair to the mathematician, less so to the philosopher.
2571:
Gottfried Gabriel, Wolfgang Kienzler (editors): "Gottlob Freges politisches Tagebuch". In:
1450:
and socialism. Frege had friendly relations with Jews in real life: among his students was
1234:(1841–1902). Frege's logical ideas nevertheless spread through the writings of his student
1063:
of a set or extension in Frege's system; Russell then drew attention to "the set of things
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1918–19. "Der Gedanke: Eine logische Untersuchung" ("The Thought: A Logical Inquiry"), in
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Word and Object in Husserl, Frege and Russell: The Roots of Twentieth-Century Philosophy
2777:. Leipzig: Barth: 656–666. Translation: "What is a Function?" in Geach and Black (1980).
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The Foundations of Arithmetic: A Logico-Mathematical Enquiry into the Concept of Number
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1936:
1903:
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Begriffsschrift: eine der arithmetischen nachgebildete Formelsprache des reinen Denkens
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Begriffsschrift, eine der arithmetischen nachgebildete Formelsprache des reinen Denkens
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Frege matriculated at the University of Jena in the spring of 1869 as a citizen of the
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to the Jenaische Gesellschaft für Medizin und Naturwissenschaft, Jena, 9 January 1891.
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Begriffsschrift, a Formula Language, Modeled Upon That of Arithmetic, for Pure Thought
1435:. In an entry dated 5 May 1924 Frege expressed agreement with an article published in
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1697:, edited by T. Müller, B. Schröder, and R. Stuhlmann-Laeisz, Paderborn: mentis, 2009.
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In English (selected sections revised in modern formal notation): R. L. Mendelsohn,
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Festschrift Ludwig Boltzmann gewidmet zum sechzigsten Geburtstage, 20. Februar 1904
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1787:
Festschrift Ludwig Boltzmann gewidmet zum sechzigsten Geburtstage, 20 February 1904
1623:
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1227:
904:
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with Pieranna Garavaso, Lexington Books–Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD, Usa.
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Concept Script, a formal language of pure thought modelled upon that of arithmetic
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The crucial case of the law may be formulated in modern notation as follows. Let {
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Hülfsbuch zum Unterrichte in der deutschen Sprache für Kinder von 9 bis 13 Jahren
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1807:). Though the German book never appeared, the papers were published together in
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could be derived from Frege's Basic Law V. It is easy to define the relation of
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903:, a fundamental statement of number theory that there are an infinite number of
862:
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Concept-Script: A Formal Language for Pure Thought Modeled on that of Arithmetic
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100:
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In English (translation of selected sections), "Translation of Part of Frege's
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These distinctions were disputed by Bertrand Russell, especially in his paper "
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2290:
2004:
1875:
1353:" ("Über Sinn und Bedeutung"), introduced his influential distinction between
942:
754:
707:
668:
and her father was Johann Heinrich Siegfried Bialloblotzky, a descendant of a
5937:
5878:
5787:
5717:
5662:
5526:
5506:
5343:
5308:
5243:
4952:
4892:
4771:
4751:
4503:
4498:
4478:
3646:
3517:
2912:
2806:
2508:
1650:
1051:
In a famous episode, Bertrand Russell wrote to Frege, just as Vol. 2 of the
620:
561:
3222:
3093:. Methodology and Science Foundation, 2. Van Gorcum & Co., Assen, 1982.
2733:
100:25–50. Translation: "On Sense and Reference" in Geach and Black (1980).
2221:
2549:"Juliet Floyd, The Frege-Wittgenstein Correspondence: Interpretive Themes"
5823:
5792:
5747:
5722:
5680:
5617:
5587:
5481:
5216:
4907:
4528:
4488:
4422:
3026:
2908:
2898:
Frege – An introduction to the founder of modern analytic philosophy
1510:
1199:
946:
688:
676:
588:
467:
385:
216:
2740:
16:192–205. Translation: "Concept and Object" in Geach and Black (1980).
2694:, eine der arithmetischen nachgebildete Formelsprache des reinen Denkens
1402:"; the controversy has continued into the present, fueled especially by
672:
noble family who left Poland in the 17th century. Frege was a Lutheran.
57:
5838:
5833:
5772:
5692:
5431:
4927:
4483:
3315:
3273:
3172:
The First Moderns: Profiles in the Origins of Twentieth Century Thought
1730:
3338:
2092:
The Deflationary Theory of Truth (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
607:" are also widely cited. The former argues for two different types of
5863:
5652:
5541:
5007:
3251:
2534:
2279:(4 April 2019). "2 - Education through University Days (1854–1874)".
2087:
1481:
1206:
methods, but it can interpret only very weak fragments of arithmetic.
653:
632:
405:
255:
74:
17:
3278:
3065:, 2002, "On the consistency of the Delta-1-1-CA fragment of Frege's
741:, analytical mechanics, optics, physical foundations of mechanics);
2706:
From Frege to Gödel: A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879–1931
2674:
Online bibliography of Frege's works and their English translations
1589:
From Frege to Gödel: A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879–1931
953:
important preliminary theorems, for example, a generalized form of
5582:
5338:
4493:
3332:
3319:
3309:
2916:
2503:
1238:(1891–1970) and other admirers, particularly Bertrand Russell and
837:
832:
684:
3123:, 265–305, Oxford Sci. Publ., Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1992.
3100:, 265–305, Oxford Sci. Publ., Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1992.
1115:(1940–1996), who was an expert on the work of Frege. A "concept"
1103:
1973), but recent work has shown that much of the program of the
823:
broke new ground, including a rigorous treatment of the ideas of
564:, and one of the most profound philosophers of mathematics ever.
3312:
package for typesetting Frege's logic notation, earlier version.
1454:, who greatly valued his teaching, and it was he who encouraged
1159:
is, and suffices to prove the axioms of second-order arithmetic.
5281:
5072:
An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language
4426:
3342:
30:"Frege" redirects here. For other people with the surname, see
3322:
package for typesetting Frege's logic notation, mature version
3210:
A comprehensive guide to Fregean material available on the web
1657:, New York, NY: Philosophical Library, 1952, pp. 137–158.
1322:) of names and other expressions, sometimes said to involve a
957:, were derived within what Frege understood to be pure logic.
123:
5277:
2811:
Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege
2314:
1655:
Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege
1633:, Band I (1893); Band II (1903), Jena: Verlag Hermann Pohle (
1591:, Harvard, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967, pp. 5–82.
2613:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. xiii–xiv,
3091:
Frege, Dedekind, and Peano on the foundations of arithmetic
2937:
Il Programma Logicista di Frege e il Tema delle Definizioni
2762:. Partial translation of volume 1: Montgomery Furth, 1964.
2499:
Heidegger's Crisis: Philosophy and Politics in Nazi Germany
2315:"Frege, Gottlob | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy"
2285:(1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 37, 42.
784:
problems in geometry as the mathematical interpretation of
511:
505:
27:
German philosopher, logician, and mathematician (1848–1925)
2929:
A Critical Introduction to the Philosophy of Gottlob Frege
2890:. Open Court. — On the Frege-Husserl-Cantor triangle.
1772:
Vierteljahresschrift für wissenschaftliche Philosophie XVI
1620:: A Logico-Mathematical Enquiry into the Concept of Number
937:'s (1901–83) theory of truth, is ultimately due to Frege.
3325:
2939:. Franco Angeli. — On Frege's theory of definitions.
831:. Frege's goal was to show that mathematics grows out of
508:
2773:
1904. "Was ist eine Funktion?" in Meyer, S., ed., 1904.
2369:
Frege's Logic, Theorem, and Foundations for Arithmetic,
2355:
Horsten, Leon and Pettigrew, Richard, "Introduction" in
2177:(2006). "Frege, Gottlob". In Borchert, Donald M. (ed.).
1849:
Jahresbericht der deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung XII
1222:(3 vols.) appeared in 1910–13, the dominant approach to
679:
on the German language for children aged 9–13, entitled
3335:
typesetting tool — by P. A. Ebert and M. Rossberg.
2888:
Husserl or Frege: Meaning, Objectivity, and Mathematics
2359:(Continuum International Publishing Group, 2011), p. 7.
2222:"Ahnenliste des Mathematikers Gottlob Frege, 1848–1925"
2052:
On Foundationalism: A Strategy for Metaphysical Realism
1988:
Balaguer, Mark (25 July 2016). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).
1230:(1815–64) and his intellectual descendants, especially
1178:
s can be put into a one-to-one correspondence with the
3234:
Frege's Logic, Theorem, and Foundations for Arithmetic
2787:
1924. Gottfried Gabriel, Wolfgang Kienzler (editors):
2738:
Vierteljahresschrift für wissenschaftliche Philosophie
2535:"Frege, Gottlob – Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy"
2338:
Themes in Plato, Aristotle, and Hellenistic Philosophy
960:
This idea was formulated in non-symbolic terms in his
3058:
and Frege's mathematical and intellectual background.
2731:
Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik
2340:, Keeling Lectures 2011–2018, p.149-206; Zalta, Ed,
1835:
Beiträge zur Philosophie des Deutschen Idealismus III
1751:
Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik
1571:(1879), Halle an der Saale: Verlag von Louis Nebert (
1462:. The 1924 diary was published posthumously in 1994.
548:. Though he was largely ignored during his lifetime,
499:
1330:
As a philosopher of mathematics, Frege attacked the
1268:, whose work on logic and language gave rise to the
819:
marked a turning point in the history of logic. The
502:
6355:
People from the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
6220:
6139:
6132:
6068:
6017:
6008:
6001:
5925:
5801:
5671:
5563:
5499:
5459:
5450:
5331:
5322:
5315:
5184:
5033:
4885:
4722:
4469:
4367:
4329:
4303:
4277:
4249:
4193:
4165:
4102:
4081:
4020:
3978:
3955:
3932:
3834:
3778:
3740:
3684:
3637:
3591:
3495:
3445:
3419:
3383:
3376:
1828:
Beiträge zur Philosophie des Deutschen Idealismus I
1821:
Beiträge zur Philosophie des Deutschen Idealismus I
998:) is the same as the "value-range" of the function
496:
336:
316:
306:
296:
283:
254:
244:
194:
184:
170:
139:
115:
89:
67:
48:
3119:Gillies, Donald: The Fregean revolution in logic.
3096:Gillies, Donald: The Fregean revolution in logic.
2425:
1789:, S. Meyer (ed.), Leipzig, 1904, pp. 656–666.
2507:, vol. 36, no. 432, 20 December 1989, pp. 68–79.
1954:Beiträge zur Philosophie des Deutschen Idealismus
1135:have the same "extension" if and only if neither
2955:Frege on Thinking and Its Epistemic Significance
1833:1923. "Gedankengefüge" ("Compound Thought"), in
1032:, that is, the set of all Fs, and similarly for
532:, and is understood by many to be the father of
3054:. Harvard Univ. Press. — Papers exploring
2455:
2453:
1847:1903: "Über die Grundlagen der Geometrie". II.
1693:In German (revised in modern formal notation):
1660:In German (revised in modern formal notation):
1055:was about to go to press in 1903, showing that
817:], Halle a/S: Verlag von Louis Nebert, 1879
2357:The Continuum Companion to Philosophical Logic
2330:published in 2021 a work provocatively titled
2129:A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879–1931
5293:
4438:
3354:
2831:. "On a Contemporary Usage of Frege", trans.
2146:, Northwestern University Press, 1980, p. 87.
1854:In English: "On the Foundations of Geometry".
1770:Original: "Ueber Begriff und Gegenstand", in
1607:(1884), Breslau: Verlag von Wilhelm Koebner (
8:
2607:"Chronology of Major Events in Frege's Life"
2266:, Cambridge University Press, 2019, p. xiii.
2161:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
1458:to leave for England in order to study with
1036:. Then Basic Law V says that the predicates
3081:The Search for Mathematical Roots 1870–1940
2432:. New York, Harper & Row. p. xii.
2088:Truth – Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
857:, in large part thanks to his invention of
433:set-theoretic definition of natural numbers
6136:
6014:
6005:
5798:
5456:
5328:
5319:
5300:
5286:
5278:
5162:Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language
4445:
4431:
4423:
3952:
3737:
3634:
3380:
3361:
3347:
3339:
2696:. Halle a. S.: Louis Nebert. Translation:
1826:1918–19. "Die Verneinung" ("Negation") in
788:'s infinitely distant (imaginary) points.
56:
45:
2886:------, and Rosado Haddock, G. E., 2000.
2736:1892b. "Ueber Begriff und Gegenstand" in
2595:, Open Court Publishing, 2004, pp. 18–26.
2509:http://forvm.contextxxi.org/-no-432-.html
2107:I, Jena: Verlag Hermann Pohle, 1893, §36.
2054:, Rowman & Littlefield, 2004, p. 111.
6415:Academic staff of the University of Jena
3175:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
3149:Frege's Conception of Numbers as Objects
2874:The Interpretation of Frege's Philosophy
2855:Frege: An Introduction to His Philosophy
2846:Baker, Gordon, and P.M.S. Hacker, 1984.
2414:(Oxford University Press, 1997), p. 241.
2023:
2021:
1748:Original: "Über Sinn und Bedeutung", in
1272:in philosophy. His contributions to the
1249:
1162:Basic Law V can simply be replaced with
1119:is "small" if the objects falling under
1079:entails that the set thus characterised
861:, which eventually became ubiquitous in
3295:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
3141:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013
3132:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011
3004:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012
2131:. Harvard University Press, pp. 355–66.
2083:
2081:
1980:
1915:
1785:Original: "Was ist eine Funktion?", in
350:
3106:, 2010, "Frege on Number Properties,"
2032:II. Frege as Idealist and then Realist
945:is a branch of logic, a view known as
743:Hermann Karl Julius Traugott Schaeffer
6420:Mathematicians from the German Empire
2466:. Yale University Press. p. 60.
2345:, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2258:
2256:
1729:Original: "Funktion und Begriff", an
1431:", but then sympathized with General
523:
7:
3279:Frege on Being, Existence and Truth.
2926:Rosado Haddock, Guillermo E., 2006.
2793:Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie
2729:1892a. "Über Sinn und Bedeutung" in
2715:. Breslau: W. Koebner. Translation:
2573:Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie
1958:Deutsche Philosophische Gesellschaft
1899:List of pioneers in computer science
1815:, ed. Peter Geach, Blackwell, 1975.
990:: the "value-range" of the function
869:. Previous logic had dealt with the
619:and "The Thought", Frege argues for
3246:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3216:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2883:. Athens OH: Ohio University Press.
2813:, 3rd ed. Blackwell (1st ed. 1952).
2789:Gottlob Freges politisches Tagebuch
2745:Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, Band I
2683:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2371:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2211:, Felix Meiner Verlag, 2013, p. 11.
1736:In English: "Function and Concept".
1383:, namely, the person best known as
79:Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
6310:20th-century German mathematicians
6290:19th-century German mathematicians
2986:Frege, Boolos, and Logical Objects
2799:, vol. 39, 1996, pp. 303–342.
2209:Gottlob Frege: Leben – Werk – Zeit
1922:Only the proofs of Part II of the
1792:In English: "What is a Function?".
1127:. Now weaken V to V*: a "concept"
556:(1872–1970), and, to some extent,
105:Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
25:
3051:Frege's Philosophy of Mathematics
3021:. MIT Press. — 12 papers on
2990:Journal of Philosophical Logic 33
2780:1918–1923. Peter Geach (editor):
2561:from the original on 21 May 2013.
1777:In English: "Concept and Object".
1107:might be salvaged in other ways:
6365:German philosophers of education
6315:20th-century German philosophers
6305:20th-century German male writers
6295:19th-century German philosophers
6285:19th-century German male writers
4406:
4397:
4396:
3331:, website, incl. corrigenda and
3048:Demopoulos, William, ed., 1995.
3042:Frege: Philosophy of Mathematics
2611:Frege: A Philosophical Biography
2282:Frege: A Philosophical Biography
2264:Frege: A Philosophical Biography
2236:Frege: A Philosophical Biography
2233:Jacquette, Dale (4 April 2019).
1878:
1626:, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1950.
1379:"United Kingdom", have the same
1264:Frege is one of the founders of
1166:, which says that the number of
865:and logic, and which solved the
492:
6370:German philosophers of language
6340:German male non-fiction writers
5909:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
3196:Works by or about Gottlob Frege
3071:Journal of Philosophic Logic 31
2843:, no. 1, 2000, pp. 99–115.
2460:Yvonne Sherratt (21 May 2013).
2424:Dummett, Michael A. E. (1973).
1596:The Philosophy of Gottlob Frege
1562:Logic, foundation of arithmetic
1194:, can be weakened to so-called
1170:s is the same as the number of
770:Ernst Christian Julius Schering
766:Rudolf Friedrich Alfred Clebsch
718:Studies at University (1869–74)
468:technique for binding arguments
335:
301:Rudolf Friedrich Alfred Clebsch
290:Ernst Christian Julius Schering
6410:University of Göttingen alumni
6390:German philosophers of science
5102:Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
3609:Analytic–synthetic distinction
3029:approach to the foundation of
2747:. Jena: Verlag Hermann Pohle.
2388:. Princeton University Press.
2333:"Frege plagiarized the Stoics"
2239:. Cambridge University Press.
867:problem of multiple generality
768:(1833–72; analytic geometry),
567:His contributions include the
488:Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege
377:Frege's propositional calculus
1:
6042:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
4983:Principle of compositionality
2866:Frege: Philosophy of Language
2605:Jacquette, Dale, ed. (2019),
2579:, vol. 39, 1996, pp. 303–342.
2428:Frege; philosophy of language
2143:The Foundations of Arithmetic
1781:"What is a Function?" (1904)
1618:The Foundations of Arithmetic
1536:Ordentlicher Honorarprofessor
1437:Houston Stewart Chamberlain's
1283:and argument analysis of the
1255:
1213:The Principles of Mathematics
968:Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik
963:The Foundations of Arithmetic
422:descriptivist theory of names
358:principle of compositionality
154:The Foundations of Arithmetic
5132:Philosophical Investigations
3254: — by Kevin C. Klement.
3138:Reading Frege's Grundgesetze
2764:The Basic Laws of Arithmetic
2700:, by S. Bauer-Mengelberg in
2654:. Leipzig, J.A. Barth. 1904.
2411:What Is Mathematics, Really?
2183:. Vol. 3 (2 ed.).
1666:University of Duisburg-Essen
1529:Ausserordentlicher Professor
1424:German Revolution of 1918–19
1367:(or "Bedeutung") applied to
1190:Frege's logic, now known as
772:(1824–97; function theory),
599:. His philosophical papers "
297:Other academic advisors
6385:German philosophers of mind
6380:Philosophers of mathematics
6300:19th-century German writers
4973:Modality (natural language)
3267: — by Dorothea Lotter.
3045:. Harvard University Press.
3001:Frege's Conception of Logic
2970:, Cornell University Press.
2876:. Harvard University Press.
2869:. Harvard University Press.
2708:. Harvard University Press.
2591:, ed. by Erich H. Reck and
2105:Grundgesetze der Arithmetik
1662:Grundgesetze der Arithmetik
1643:Grundgesetze der Arithmetik
1631:Grundgesetze der Arithmetik
1505:1873 — PhD, doctor in
976:Grundgesetze der Arithmetik
921:, 1861–1947), to Russell's
587:is the seminal text of the
569:development of modern logic
6436:
5112:Language, Truth, and Logic
4852:Theological noncognitivism
4737:Contrast theory of meaning
4732:Causal theory of reference
4463:Index of language articles
3508:Causal theory of reference
3272:Metaphysics Research Lab:
3205:Frege at Genealogy Project
3121:Revolutions in mathematics
3098:Revolutions in mathematics
2879:Hill, Claire Ortiz, 1991.
2848:Frege: Logical Excavations
2809:, eds., and trans., 1980.
2770:. Oxford University Press.
2180:Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2075:, Routledge, 2017, p. 34).
1342:
850:In effect, Frege invented
799:
724:North German Confederation
652:Frege was born in 1848 in
579:foundations of mathematics
427:redundancy theory of truth
239:Redundancy theory of truth
36:
29:
6405:University of Jena alumni
6320:20th-century male writers
5517:Metrodorus of Stratonicea
5252:
5197:Philosophy of information
4797:Mediated reference theory
4460:
4392:
2921:Philosophy of Mathematics
2903:Klemke, E.D., ed., 1968.
2619:10.1017/9781139033725.001
2589:Frege's Lectures on Logic
2291:10.1017/9781139033725.005
1664:, Korpora (portal of the
1645:," translated and edited
1513:), attained at Göttingen.
1324:mediated reference theory
595:as where to pinpoint the
591:project, and is cited by
584:Foundations of Arithmetic
525:[ˈɡɔtloːpˈfreːɡə]
481:
416:mediated reference theory
323:Philosophy of mathematics
166:
55:
5713:Eustathius of Cappadocia
5122:Two Dogmas of Empiricism
3568:Scientific structuralism
3328:Basic Laws of Arithmetic
3300:University of St Andrews
3135:Heck, Richard Kimberly:
3126:Heck, Richard Kimberly:
2768:Basic Laws of Arithmetic
2038:22 (1–4):350–357 (1979).
2015:20 (1–4):227–242 (1977).
1991:Platonism in Metaphysics
1702:Basic Laws of Arithmetic
1498:1871 — attends the
1491:1869 — attends the
1480:Born 8 November 1848 in
1314:Distinction between the
1044:have the same extension
972:Basic Laws of Arithmetic
696:Große Stadtschule Wismar
160:Basic Laws of Arithmetic
37:Not to be confused with
5778:Gaius Marius Victorinus
5373:Demetrius of Amphipolis
4923:Use–mention distinction
4767:Direct reference theory
3263:31 January 2009 at the
3019:Logic, Logic, and Logic
2853:Currie, Gregory, 1982.
2185:Macmillan Reference USA
2117:Willard Van Orman Quine
2069:Über Sinn und Bedeutung
2009:Frege's alleged realism
1809:Logische Untersuchungen
1801:Logische Untersuchungen
1675:21 October 2016 at the
1500:University of Göttingen
1440:Deutschlands Erneuerung
1157:second-order arithmetic
1155:). V* is consistent if
970:, 1884). Later, in his
931:incompleteness theorems
749:); and the philosopher
536:, concentrating on the
221:Transcendental idealism
179:20th-century philosophy
175:19th-century philosophy
120:University of Göttingen
6330:German epistemologists
5397:Lastheneia of Mantinea
5392:Hestiaeus of Perinthus
4857:Theory of descriptions
4792:Linguistic determinism
4454:Philosophy of language
3624:Reflective equilibrium
3155:conception of numbers.
3077:Grattan-Guinness, Ivor
2952:Nicla Vassallo, 2014,
2782:Logical Investigations
2384:Burgess, John (2005).
2071:" (see Samuel Lebens,
1943:(375): 331–344 (1985).
1813:Logical Investigations
1805:Logical Investigations
1797:Logical Investigations
1742:On Sense and Reference
1686:29 August 2017 at the
1550:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1351:On Sense and Reference
1296:Begriff und Gegenstand
1274:philosophy of language
1261:
923:theory of descriptions
919:Alfred North Whitehead
913:(3 vols., 1910–13, by
847:
662:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
601:On Sense and Reference
538:philosophy of language
331:philosophy of language
6375:Philosophers of logic
6325:Analytic philosophers
6203:Nicholas Wolterstorff
5978:Theodoric of Freiberg
5648:Clement of Alexandria
5578:Eudorus of Alexandria
5532:Aeschines of Neapolis
4968:Mental representation
4903:Linguistic relativity
4787:Inquisitive semantics
4295:Nicholas Wolterstorff
3750:David Malet Armstrong
3007:Burgess, John, 2005.
2980:Anderson, D. J., and
2975:Logic and mathematics
2935:Sisti, Nicola, 2005.
2932:. Ashgate Publishing.
2463:Hitler's Philosophers
2374:at plato.stanford.edu
1717:Philosophical studies
1544:Died 26 July 1925 in
1349:Frege's 1892 paper, "
1253:
1219:Principia Mathematica
1174:s if and only if the
1097:universe of discourse
1075:". The system of the
910:Principia Mathematica
841:
453:Frege–Church ontology
368:quantification theory
5988:Berthold of Moosburg
5933:John Scotus Eriugena
5904:David the Invincible
5613:Alexander Peloplaton
5152:Naming and Necessity
5062:De Arte Combinatoria
4861:Definite description
4822:Semantic externalism
3286:Robertson, Edmund F.
3167:Everdell, William R.
3104:Irvine, Andrew David
2996:Blanchette, Patricia
2967:Frege in Perspective
2758:17 June 2022 at the
2723:, 2nd ed. Blackwell.
2336:: Bobzien S., – In:
1842:Articles on geometry
1723:Function and Concept
1541:1918 — retires.
1486:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1408:Naming and Necessity
1406:'s famous lectures "
1290:Distinction between
859:quantified variables
774:Wilhelm Eduard Weber
658:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
418:(Frege–Russell view)
292:(PhD thesis advisor)
226:Metaphysical realism
83:German Confederation
6109:Ralph Waldo Emerson
5583:Philo of Alexandria
5422:Menedemus of Pyrrha
5417:Heraclides Ponticus
5402:Timolaus of Cyzicus
5378:Euaeon of Lampsacus
5202:Philosophical logic
5192:Analytic philosophy
4998:Sense and reference
4877:Verification theory
4832:Situation semantics
4117:Patricia Churchland
4048:Christine Korsgaard
3934:Logical positivists
3826:Ludwig Wittgenstein
3603:paradox of analysis
3370:Analytic philosophy
3284:O'Connor, John J.;
2702:Jean Van Heijenoort
2125:Jean van Heijenoort
1456:Ludwig Wittgenstein
1345:Sense and reference
1339:Sense and reference
1316:sense and reference
1266:analytic philosophy
1240:Ludwig Wittgenstein
1090:Jean van Heijenoort
1071:is not a member of
1067:that are such that
786:projective geometry
759:critical philosophy
747:electronic machines
666:Philipp Melanchthon
648:Childhood (1848–69)
558:Ludwig Wittgenstein
534:analytic philosophy
473:round square copula
458:Frege–Geach problem
391:sense and reference
209:Logical objectivism
201:Analytic philosophy
6360:People from Wismar
6104:Emanuel Swedenborg
6037:Cristoforo Landino
6019:Florentine Academy
5809:Plutarch of Athens
5758:Eusebius of Myndus
5753:Maximus of Ephesus
5738:Theodorus of Asine
5633:Numenius of Apamea
5412:Axiothea of Phlius
5368:Erastus of Scepsis
5052:Port-Royal Grammar
4948:Family resemblance
4867:Theory of language
4842:Supposition theory
4290:William Lane Craig
4008:Friedrich Waismann
3965:Carl Gustav Hempel
3924:Timothy Williamson
3884:Alasdair MacIntyre
3742:Australian realism
3722:Russ Shafer-Landau
3583:Analytical Thomism
3538:Logical positivism
3258:Frege and Language
3160:Historical context
3087:Gillies, Donald A.
2857:. Harvester Press.
2784:, Blackwell, 1975.
2119:, introduction to
1764:Concept and Object
1493:University of Jena
1448:universal suffrage
1320:Sinn und Bedeutung
1292:concept and object
1262:
1226:was still that of
1224:mathematical logic
1192:second-order logic
1006:) if and only if ∀
848:
796:Work as a logician
712:University of Jena
530:University of Jena
401:concept and object
381:ancestral relation
373:predicate calculus
327:mathematical logic
249:University of Jena
189:Western philosophy
129:University of Jena
6257:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6198:Peter van Inwagen
6168:Roderick Chisholm
6094:
6093:
6050:
6049:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5763:Priscus of Epirus
5565:Middle Platonists
5559:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5547:Dio of Alexandria
5472:Diocles of Cnidus
5275:
5274:
4777:Dynamic semantics
4420:
4419:
4388:
4387:
4104:Pittsburgh School
4094:Peter van Inwagen
4028:Roderick Chisholm
4016:
4015:
3909:Richard Swinburne
3844:G. E. M. Anscombe
3680:
3679:
3578:Analytic theology
3553:Ordinary language
3491:
3490:
3061:Ferreira, F. and
2628:978-1-139-03372-5
2521:"Frege biography"
2473:978-0-300-15193-0
2439:978-0-06-011132-8
2395:978-0-691-12231-1
2300:978-1-139-03372-5
2121:Moses Schönfinkel
2063:Frege criticized
1956:was the organ of
1886:Philosophy portal
1851:(1903), 368–375.
1710:978-0-19-928174-9
1585:J. van Heijenoort
1309:Context principle
1057:Russell's paradox
955:law of trichotomy
917:, 1872–1970, and
871:logical constants
735:analytic geometry
694:Frege studied at
485:
484:
463:law of trichotomy
363:context principle
353:Anti-psychologism
16:(Redirected from
6427:
6335:German logicians
6137:
6015:
6006:
5854:Ammonius Hermiae
5799:
5658:Origen the Pagan
5537:Philo of Larissa
5512:Hagnon of Tarsus
5457:
5442:Crates of Athens
5329:
5320:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5279:
5237:Formal semantics
5185:Related articles
5177:
5167:
5157:
5147:
5137:
5127:
5117:
5107:
5097:
5087:
5077:
5067:
5057:
5047:
4817:Relevance theory
4812:Phallogocentrism
4447:
4440:
4433:
4424:
4410:
4409:
4400:
4399:
4339:Nancy Cartwright
4180:Nicholas Rescher
4157:Bas van Fraassen
4147:Nicholas Rescher
3970:Hans Reichenbach
3953:
3919:Bernard Williams
3816:Bertrand Russell
3738:
3672:Rigid designator
3635:
3381:
3377:Related articles
3363:
3356:
3349:
3340:
3302:
3212:by Brian Carver.
3200:Internet Archive
3185:
3037:Dummett, Michael
2861:Dummett, Michael
2753:Band I+II online
2656:
2655:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2602:
2596:
2586:
2580:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2553:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2511:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2457:
2448:
2447:
2444:Internet Archive
2431:
2421:
2415:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2381:
2375:
2366:
2360:
2353:
2347:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2273:
2267:
2262:Jacquette, Dale
2260:
2251:
2250:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2207:Lothar Kreiser,
2205:
2199:
2198:
2175:Wehmeier, Kai F.
2171:
2165:
2153:
2147:
2138:
2132:
2114:
2108:
2101:
2095:
2085:
2076:
2061:
2055:
2045:
2039:
2025:
2016:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1985:
1968:
1966:
1950:
1944:
1920:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1861:Kleine Schriften
1774:(1892): 192–205.
1622:, translated by
1460:Bertrand Russell
1385:King Charles III
1303:compositionality
1260:
1257:
1164:Hume's principle
1131:and a "concept"
989:
915:Bertrand Russell
901:Euclid's theorem
818:
704:
577:and work in the
554:Bertrand Russell
527:
522:
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
438:Hume's principle
347:
307:Notable students
285:Doctoral advisor
235:Indirect realism
213:Modern Platonism
142:
96:
62:Frege in c. 1879
60:
46:
21:
6435:
6434:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6424:
6345:Linguistic turn
6260:
6259:
6258:
6249:
6216:
6213:Edward N. Zalta
6193:Alvin Plantinga
6173:Michael Dummett
6128:
6119:Bernard Bolzano
6090:
6064:
6046:
6032:Marsilio Ficino
5997:
5983:Meister Eckhart
5913:
5894:John Philoponus
5797:
5667:
5638:Ammonius Saccas
5628:Maximus of Tyre
5551:
5495:
5446:
5387:Python of Aenus
5311:
5306:
5276:
5271:
5248:
5227:School of Names
5180:
5175:
5165:
5155:
5145:
5142:Of Grammatology
5135:
5125:
5115:
5105:
5095:
5085:
5075:
5065:
5055:
5045:
5029:
4881:
4827:Semantic holism
4807:Non-cognitivism
4747:Conventionalism
4718:
4465:
4456:
4451:
4421:
4416:
4407:
4384:
4375:Jan Łukasiewicz
4363:
4331:Stanford School
4325:
4311:Paul Feyerabend
4299:
4285:Alvin Plantinga
4273:
4259:James F. Conant
4245:
4189:
4161:
4152:Wilfrid Sellars
4142:Alexander Pruss
4122:Paul Churchland
4098:
4077:
4033:Donald Davidson
4012:
3974:
3951:
3928:
3854:Michael Dummett
3830:
3821:Frank P. Ramsey
3774:
3736:
3712:Jaakko Hintikka
3697:Keith Donnellan
3676:
3633:
3587:
3548:Neurophilosophy
3533:Logical atomism
3487:
3441:
3415:
3372:
3367:
3290:"Gottlob Frege"
3283:
3265:Wayback Machine
3192:
3183:
3165:
3145:Wright, Crispin
3129:Frege's Theorem
3114:Charles Parsons
3056:Frege's theorem
3023:Frege's theorem
2905:Essays on Frege
2820:
2760:Wayback Machine
2692:Begriffsschrift
2678:Edward N. Zalta
2670:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2629:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2587:
2583:
2570:
2566:
2558:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2493:
2489:
2474:
2459:
2458:
2451:
2440:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2408:Hersh, Reuben,
2407:
2403:
2396:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2367:
2363:
2354:
2350:
2328:Susanne Bobzien
2326:
2322:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2277:Jacquette, Dale
2275:
2274:
2270:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2220:Arndt Richter,
2219:
2215:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2154:
2150:
2140:Gottlob Frege,
2139:
2135:
2115:
2111:
2103:Gottlob Frege,
2102:
2098:
2086:
2079:
2062:
2058:
2046:
2042:
2026:
2019:
2003:
1999:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1960:
1951:
1947:
1932:Begriffsschrift
1930:, "Reading the
1924:Begriffsschrift
1921:
1917:
1912:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1844:
1719:
1688:Wayback Machine
1677:Wayback Machine
1635:online version)
1564:
1559:
1557:Important works
1522:private teacher
1477:
1475:Important dates
1468:
1452:Gershom Scholem
1416:
1347:
1341:
1270:linguistic turn
1258:
1248:
1184:Frege's theorem
985:
981:Begriffsschrift
951:Begriffsschrift
855:predicate logic
844:Begriffsschrift
821:Begriffsschrift
807:
804:
802:Begriffsschrift
798:
728:Ernst Karl Abbe
720:
698:
660:(today part of
650:
645:
639:respectively.
597:linguistic turn
593:Michael Dummett
581:. His book the
574:Begriffsschrift
520:
495:
491:
477:
448:Frege's theorem
396:Frege's puzzles
349:
348:
345:
339:
319:
279:
237:
233:
231:Foundationalism
229:
224:
219:
215:
211:
207:
205:Linguistic turn
203:
177:
158:
151:
147:Begriffsschrift
140:
127:
111:
98:
94:
85:
72:
71:8 November 1848
63:
51:
42:
35:
32:Frege (surname)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6433:
6431:
6423:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6262:
6261:
6255:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6247:
6242:
6240:Roman Ingarden
6237:
6235:Edmund Husserl
6232:
6226:
6224:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6210:
6208:Crispin Wright
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6178:W. V. O. Quine
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6143:
6134:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6077:Ralph Cudworth
6074:
6072:
6066:
6065:
6063:
6062:
6057:
6055:Giordano Bruno
6051:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6023:
6021:
6012:
6003:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5993:Paul of Venice
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5968:Henry of Ghent
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5929:
5927:
5923:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5805:
5803:
5796:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5677:
5675:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5569:
5567:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5488:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5463:
5461:
5454:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5361:
5356:
5354:Philip of Opus
5351:
5346:
5341:
5335:
5333:
5326:
5317:
5313:
5312:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5297:
5290:
5282:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5241:
5240:
5239:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5168:
5158:
5148:
5138:
5128:
5118:
5108:
5098:
5088:
5078:
5068:
5058:
5048:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4978:Presupposition
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4757:Deconstruction
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4728:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4475:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4427:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4404:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4359:Patrick Suppes
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4255:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4241:Michael Walzer
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4171:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4127:Adolf Grünbaum
4124:
4119:
4114:
4112:Robert Brandom
4108:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4068:W. V. O. Quine
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4043:Nelson Goodman
4040:
4038:Daniel Dennett
4035:
4030:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4003:Moritz Schlick
4000:
3995:
3990:
3984:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3961:
3959:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3938:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3914:Charles Taylor
3911:
3906:
3904:P. F. Strawson
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3840:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3801:Norman Malcolm
3798:
3793:
3788:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3770:J. J. C. Smart
3767:
3762:
3757:
3755:David Chalmers
3752:
3746:
3744:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3717:Giuseppe Peano
3714:
3709:
3707:Edmund Gettier
3704:
3699:
3694:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3662:Possible world
3659:
3654:
3649:
3643:
3641:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3614:Counterfactual
3611:
3606:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3473:Paraconsistent
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3384:Areas of focus
3378:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3323:
3313:
3303:
3281:
3276:
3274:Gottlob Frege.
3270:
3269:
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3190:External links
3188:
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3142:
3133:
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3117:
3111:
3110:96(2): 239–60.
3108:Studia Logica,
3101:
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3046:
3034:
3015:Boolos, George
3012:
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2901:
2894:Kenny, Anthony
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2872:------, 1981.
2870:
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2833:Justin Clemens
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2065:direct realism
2056:
2040:
2028:Michael Resnik
2017:
1997:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1945:
1928:Boolos, George
1914:
1913:
1911:
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1904:Neo-Fregeanism
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1756:
1755:(1892): 25–50.
1738:
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1698:
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1628:
1627:
1609:online version
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1442:which praised
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1393:United Kingdom
1343:Main article:
1340:
1337:
1332:psychologistic
1328:
1327:
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1306:
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1247:
1244:
1232:Ernst Schröder
1208:
1207:
1188:
1160:
1046:if and only if
842:Title page to
800:Main article:
797:
794:
719:
716:
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550:Giuseppe Peano
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133:Dr. phil. hab.
117:
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112:
99:
97:(aged 76)
91:
87:
86:
73:
69:
65:
64:
61:
53:
52:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6432:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6400:Set theorists
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
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6288:
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6273:
6271:
6270:Gottlob Frege
6268:
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6265:
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6243:
6241:
6238:
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6230:Henri Bergson
6228:
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6166:
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6163:Alonzo Church
6161:
6159:
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6154:
6151:
6149:
6148:Gottlob Frege
6146:
6144:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6131:
6125:
6124:Aleksei Losev
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6099:Thomas Taylor
6097:
6096:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6071:
6067:
6061:
6060:Blaise Pascal
6058:
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6043:
6040:
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6035:
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6025:
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5859:Asclepiodotus
5857:
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5709:
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5699:
5696:
5694:
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5683:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5673:Neoplatonists
5670:
5664:
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5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
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5644:
5641:
5639:
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5619:
5616:
5614:
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5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5593:Justin Martyr
5591:
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5251:
5245:
5242:
5238:
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5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5222:Scholasticism
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
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5154:
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4989:
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4979:
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4909:
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4878:
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4865:
4862:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4837:Structuralism
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4762:Descriptivism
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4742:Contrastivism
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
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4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
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4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
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4547:
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4532:
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4527:
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4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4459:
4455:
4448:
4443:
4441:
4436:
4434:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4413:
4405:
4403:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4381:
4380:Alfred Tarski
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4349:Peter Galison
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4236:Nathan Salmon
4234:
4232:
4231:Richard Rorty
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4201:Alonzo Church
4199:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4137:Ruth Millikan
4135:
4133:
4132:John McDowell
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4063:Hilary Putnam
4061:
4059:
4058:Robert Nozick
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4019:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3988:Rudolf Carnap
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3980:Vienna Circle
3977:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3957:Berlin Circle
3954:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3864:Philippa Foot
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3811:Graham Priest
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3791:Charlie Broad
3789:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
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3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
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3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3702:Gottlob Frege
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3629:Supervenience
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3596:
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3569:
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3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3528:Functionalism
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3513:Descriptivism
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3478:Philosophical
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3468:Non-classical
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
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3407:
3404:
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3259:
3256:
3253:
3252:Gottlob Frege
3250:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3223:Gottlob Frege
3220:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3182:9780226224848
3178:
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2947:Gottlob Frege
2944:
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2931:
2930:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2837:Sam Gillespie
2834:
2830:
2829:Badiou, Alain
2827:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2704:, ed., 1967.
2703:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2676:(compiled by
2675:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2653:
2652:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2557:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2246:9780521863278
2242:
2238:
2237:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2196:
2194:0-02-866072-2
2190:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1984:
1981:
1974:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1548:(now part of
1547:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1391:of the word "
1390:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1357:("Sinn") and
1356:
1352:
1346:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:Principle of
1300:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1252:
1245:
1243:
1242:(1889–1951).
1241:
1237:
1236:Rudolf Carnap
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1143:is small or ∀
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:George Boolos
1110:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1021:} denote the
1020:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
983:
982:
977:
973:
969:
965:
964:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
938:
936:
935:Alfred Tarski
932:
929:'s (1906–78)
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
911:
906:
905:prime numbers
902:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:if... then...
879:
875:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
853:
845:
840:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
816:
812:
811:
803:
795:
793:
789:
787:
781:
779:
778:Hermann Lotze
775:
771:
767:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
731:
729:
725:
717:
715:
713:
709:
702:
697:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
647:
642:
640:
638:
634:
631:, concerning
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
613:descriptivism
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
585:
580:
576:
575:
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
552:(1858–1932),
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
516:
489:
480:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
428:
425:
423:
420:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
341:
338:Notable ideas
332:
328:
324:
321:
315:
312:
311:Rudolf Carnap
309:
305:
302:
299:
295:
291:
288:
286:
282:
275:
274:
270:
267:
266:
262:
261:
259:
257:
253:
250:
247:
243:
240:
236:
232:
227:
223:(before 1891)
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
199:
197:
193:
190:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173:
169:
165:
161:
156:
155:
149:
148:
144:
138:
134:
130:
125:
121:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
70:
66:
59:
54:
50:Gottlob Frege
47:
44:
40:
39:Gottlob Frick
33:
19:
6183:David Kaplan
6147:
6133:Contemporary
6114:Josiah Royce
5899:Olympiodorus
5814:Asclepigenia
5733:Chrysanthius
5170:
5160:
5150:
5140:
5130:
5120:
5110:
5100:
5080:
5070:
5060:
5050:
5040:
5022:
4963:Metalanguage
4958:Logical form
4913:Truth-bearer
4872:Unilalianism
4782:Expressivism
4609:Wittgenstein
4573:
4554:von Humboldt
4471:Philosophers
4269:Cora Diamond
4185:Morton White
4053:Thomas Nagel
3998:Otto Neurath
3947:Ernest Nagel
3894:Gilbert Ryle
3889:Derek Parfit
3849:J. L. Austin
3796:Casimir Lewy
3765:Peter Singer
3760:J. L. Mackie
3732:Barry Stroud
3701:
3692:Noam Chomsky
3685:Philosophers
3619:Natural kind
3503:Anti-realism
3463:Mathematical
3437:Performative
3396:Epistemology
3327:
3316:grundgesetze
3293:
3238:Edward Zalta
3236:" — by
3227:Edward Zalta
3225:" — by
3171:
3159:
3158:
3152:
3148:
3136:
3127:
3107:
3090:
3080:
3070:
3067:Grundgesetze
3066:
3063:Wehmeier, K.
3049:
3040:
3018:
3009:Fixing Frege
3008:
2999:
2989:
2982:Edward Zalta
2974:
2973:
2965:
2962:Weiner, Joan
2953:
2949:. Routledge.
2946:
2936:
2927:
2904:
2897:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2864:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2822:
2821:
2810:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2763:
2748:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2720:
2717:J. L. Austin
2712:
2705:
2697:
2690:
2681:
2650:
2644:
2610:
2600:
2593:Steve Awodey
2588:
2584:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2543:
2529:
2515:
2502:
2498:
2490:
2462:
2442:– via
2427:
2419:
2409:
2404:
2386:Fixing Frege
2385:
2379:
2370:
2364:
2356:
2351:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2323:
2309:
2281:
2271:
2263:
2235:
2228:
2216:
2208:
2203:
2178:
2169:
2159:
2151:
2141:
2136:
2128:
2112:
2104:
2099:
2072:
2059:
2051:
2048:Tom Rockmore
2043:
2035:
2012:
2000:
1990:
1983:
1953:
1952:The journal
1948:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1918:
1894:Frege system
1865:posthumously
1860:
1848:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1786:
1780:
1771:
1761:
1749:
1739:
1720:
1701:
1700:In English:
1694:
1661:
1654:
1642:
1630:
1629:
1624:J. L. Austin
1616:
1615:In English:
1602:
1601:
1595:
1588:
1580:
1579:In English:
1566:
1565:
1534:1896 —
1527:1879 —
1518:Habilitation
1516:1874 —
1469:
1444:Adolf Hitler
1439:
1417:
1397:
1388:
1380:
1377:
1372:
1369:proper names
1364:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1329:
1319:
1295:
1263:
1228:George Boole
1217:
1211:
1209:
1204:constructive
1187:Arithmetic".
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1105:Grundgesetze
1104:
1094:
1084:
1080:
1077:Grundgesetze
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1053:Grundgesetze
1052:
1050:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
979:
975:
971:
967:
961:
959:
950:
939:
908:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
849:
843:
820:
814:
809:
805:
790:
782:
763:
753:(1824–1907;
751:Kuno Fischer
732:
721:
693:
680:
674:
651:
637:propositions
625:psychologism
616:
582:
572:
566:
487:
486:
276: (1874)
272:
268: (1873)
264:
245:Institutions
228:(after 1891)
159:
152:
145:
141:Notable work
109:German Reich
95:(1925-07-26)
93:26 July 1925
43:
6350:Ontologists
6280:1925 deaths
6275:1848 births
6245:Leo Strauss
6222:Continental
6188:Saul Kripke
6153:G. E. Moore
6087:Anne Conway
6010:Renaissance
5973:Bonaventure
5522:Clitomachus
5359:Aristonymus
5207:Linguistics
5172:Limited Inc
5092:On Denoting
4918:Proposition
4569:de Saussure
4534:Ibn Khaldun
4368:Lwow-Warsaw
4354:Ian Hacking
4321:Karl Popper
4316:Thomas Kuhn
4264:Alice Crary
4226:Saul Kripke
4221:Jaegwon Kim
4216:David Lewis
4206:Jerry Fodor
4175:Susan Haack
4089:Robert Audi
3899:John Searle
3869:Peter Geach
3859:Antony Flew
3806:G. E. Moore
3727:Ernest Sosa
3657:Possibility
3406:Mathematics
3391:Metaphysics
2943:Sluga, Hans
2803:Peter Geach
1961: [
1647:Peter Geach
1546:Bad Kleinen
1507:mathematics
1466:Personality
1404:Saul Kripke
1400:On Denoting
1285:proposition
1259: 1905
1246:Philosopher
1196:predicative
987:Basic Law V
863:mathematics
699: [
617:Foundations
605:The Thought
546:mathematics
443:Basic Law V
411:Third Realm
162:(1893–1903)
101:Bad Kleinen
6395:Platonists
6264:Categories
6158:Kurt Gödel
6082:Henry More
5884:Simplicius
5703:Iamblichus
5467:Arcesilaus
5427:Xenocrates
5407:Speusippus
5383:Heraclides
5309:Platonists
5267:Discussion
5262:Task Force
5212:Pragmatics
5003:Speech act
4933:Categories
4847:Symbiosism
4802:Nominalism
4714:Watzlawick
4594:Bloomfield
4514:Chrysippus
4344:John Dupré
4211:Kurt Gödel
4167:Pragmatism
4082:Notre Dame
4073:John Rawls
3942:A. J. Ayer
3879:R. M. Hare
3874:Paul Grice
3786:Arif Ahmed
3573:Sense data
3558:Pragmatism
3432:Linguistic
3153:Grundlagen
3031:arithmetic
2823:Philosophy
2495:Hans Sluga
2482:1017997313
2005:Hans Sluga
1975:References
1867:published.
1830:: 143–157.
1433:Ludendorff
1414:1924 diary
1387:. But the
1200:finitistic
1061:membership
943:arithmetic
927:Kurt Gödel
708:alma mater
6070:Cambridge
5938:Al-Farabi
5879:Damascius
5869:Zenodotus
5819:Hierocles
5788:Macrobius
5783:Augustine
5768:Antoninus
5718:Sosipatra
5663:Calcidius
5573:Antiochus
5527:Charmadas
5507:Carneades
5491:Hegesinus
5344:Aristotle
5324:Academics
5244:Semiotics
5232:Semantics
5082:Alciphron
5018:Statement
4953:Intension
4893:Ambiguity
4772:Dramatism
4752:Cratylism
4504:Eubulides
4499:Aristotle
4479:Confucius
4194:Princeton
3993:Hans Hahn
3779:Cambridge
3652:Necessity
3647:Actualism
3518:Emotivism
3483:Predicate
3453:Classical
3073:: 301–11.
2984:, 2004, "
2915:; and 3.
2913:Semantics
2818:Secondary
2807:Max Black
2637:242262152
1766:" (1892)
1744:" (1892)
1725:" (1891)
1668:), 2006:
1651:Max Black
1520:at Jena;
1365:Reference
1359:reference
1276:include:
1027:predicate
1023:extension
933:, and to
852:axiomatic
829:variables
825:functions
629:formalism
621:Platonism
562:Aristotle
116:Education
6141:Analytic
5926:Medieval
5889:Priscian
5824:Syrianus
5793:Boethius
5748:Salutius
5728:Dexippus
5723:Aedesius
5698:Porphyry
5686:Students
5681:Plotinus
5643:Longinus
5618:Apuleius
5608:Alcinous
5588:Plutarch
5482:Telecles
5452:Skeptics
5364:Coriscus
5257:Category
5217:Rhetoric
5042:Cratylus
5013:Sentence
4988:Property
4908:Language
4886:Concepts
4724:Theories
4689:Strawson
4674:Davidson
4664:Hintikka
4659:Anscombe
4604:Vygotsky
4559:Mauthner
4529:Averroes
4519:Zhuangzi
4509:Diodorus
4489:Cratylus
4402:Category
4278:Reformed
4251:Quietism
3639:Modality
3599:Analysis
3592:Concepts
3563:Quietism
3523:Feminism
3496:Theories
3401:Language
3326:Frege's
3261:Archived
3169:(1997),
3147:, 1983.
3089:, 1982.
3079:, 2000.
3039:, 1991.
3027:logicist
3025:and the
3017:, 1998.
2998:, 2012,
2964:, 1990.
2945:, 1980.
2909:Ontology
2896:, 1995.
2863:, 1973.
2756:Archived
2751:, 1903.
2719:, 1974.
2556:Archived
2127:(1967),
2067:in his "
1872:See also
1837:: 36–51.
1823:: 58–77.
1684:Archived
1673:Archived
1538:at Jena.
1531:at Jena.
1511:geometry
1429:Bismarck
1381:referent
1281:Function
947:logicism
689:language
677:textbook
623:against
589:logicist
386:logicism
217:Logicism
6027:Plethon
5963:Thierry
5958:Gilbert
5953:Bernard
5874:Agapius
5849:Isidore
5844:Marinus
5839:Proclus
5834:Aedesia
5829:Hermias
5802:Academy
5773:Hypatia
5708:Sopater
5693:Amelius
5623:Atticus
5603:Albinus
5486:Evander
5477:Lacydes
5437:Polemon
5432:Crantor
5349:Eudoxus
5316:Ancient
5024:more...
4928:Concept
4669:Dummett
4644:Gadamer
4639:Chomsky
4624:Derrida
4614:Russell
4599:Bergson
4584:Tillich
4544:Leibniz
4484:Gorgias
4304:Science
4021:Harvard
3667:Realism
3543:Marxism
3458:Deviant
3427:Aretaic
3411:Science
3306:Begriff
3198:at the
2992:: 1–26.
2841:UMBR(a)
2797:Inquiry
2749:Band II
2668:Primary
2663:Sources
2577:Inquiry
2156:"Frege"
2036:Inquiry
2013:Inquiry
1731:address
1681:Band II
1587:(ed.),
1420:Dummett
1254:Frege,
1101:Dummett
1092:1967.)
1025:of the
755:Kantian
633:numbers
609:meaning
603:" and "
571:in the
521:German:
135:, 1874)
126:, 1873)
6002:Modern
5943:Anselm
5864:Hegias
5743:Julian
5653:Origen
5542:Cicero
5460:Middle
5176:(1988)
5166:(1982)
5156:(1980)
5146:(1967)
5136:(1953)
5126:(1951)
5116:(1936)
5106:(1921)
5096:(1905)
5086:(1732)
5076:(1668)
5066:(1666)
5056:(1660)
5046:(n.d.)
5008:Symbol
4709:Searle
4699:Putnam
4649:Kripke
4634:Austin
4619:Carnap
4564:Ricœur
4549:Herder
4539:Hobbes
3836:Oxford
3179:
2791:. In:
2743:1893.
2711:1884.
2689:1879.
2635:
2625:
2480:
2470:
2436:
2392:
2297:
2243:
2191:
1859:1967:
1708:
1670:Band I
1583:, in:
1482:Wismar
888:, and
846:(1879)
739:planes
670:Polish
654:Wismar
544:, and
406:sortal
346:
256:Theses
196:School
185:Region
157:(1884)
150:(1879)
75:Wismar
5598:Gaius
5339:Plato
5034:Works
4943:Class
4704:Lewis
4694:Quine
4679:Grice
4629:Whorf
4589:Sapir
4574:Frege
4524:Xunzi
4494:Plato
4412:Index
3446:Logic
3420:Turns
3333:LaTeX
3320:LaTeX
3310:LaTeX
2917:Logic
2911:; 2.
2633:S2CID
2559:(PDF)
2552:(PDF)
2504:Forvm
2343:Frege
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1910:Notes
1389:sense
1373:sense
1355:sense
1311:; and
925:, to
833:logic
813:[
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685:logic
615:. In
542:logic
18:Frege
5484:and
5385:and
5366:and
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4898:Cant
4684:Ryle
4654:Ayer
4579:Boas
3318:, a
3308:, a
3177:ISBN
2919:and
2835:and
2805:and
2623:ISBN
2478:OCLC
2468:ISBN
2434:ISBN
2390:ISBN
2295:ISBN
2241:ISBN
2189:ISBN
1937:Mind
1706:ISBN
1679:and
1649:and
1139:nor
1081:both
1040:and
892:and
890:some
827:and
757:and
710:the
643:Life
635:and
611:and
90:Died
68:Born
5500:New
5332:Old
4938:Set
3069:,"
2988:,"
2615:doi
2287:doi
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1934:,"
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1038:Fx
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884:,
880:,
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1294:(
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