684:. The house has since been refurbished as the five-star Radisson Blu Hotel. The lessons learned from Frescati have been used elsewhere. Hundreds of houses in the area were listed for preservation immediately after Frescati was demolished as a direct reaction. The Frescati case was considered in the final stages of the Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) and Historic Monuments (Miscellaneous Provisions) Bill, 1998 and buildings with cultural importance are now afforded greater protection through the act as a result. The large degree of neglect that Frescati suffered was a key tactic of the developers. Legislation was later introduced in which owners of historic buildings can be punished by a prison term or a fine of up to ÂŁ1 million for negligence. This legislation was exercised when
595:, which claimed that it would hinder public amenities. When Marie Avis Walker made use of the loophole, she was more successful. She was granted planning permission for a shopping centre in which Frescati was retained in its entirety. The developers were concerned that she was able to do this, even though she was not the owner of the land. The law was changed as a direct result of this, and it is not possible now to seek planning permission for land which you do not own. This event was important for another reason: though Marie Avis Walker proved that the shopping centre and Frescati House could co-exist, Roches rejected the possibility, and in doing so demonstrated their opposition to preserving Frescati.
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Estates
Limited agreed to endow a scholarship at University College Dublin in perpetuity to the sum of ÂŁ50,000, to be known as the Lord Edward Fitzgerald Memorial Fund. Roches Stores placed a granite boulder bearing a bronze plaque beside the entrance. The plaque commemorates Lord Edward FitzGerald, though the inscription contains factual inaccuracies, and it mentions that he "lived in Frascati House". The boulder stands to the right of the pedestrian entrance to the Shopping Centre today, but hedges are often grown in front of it, making it barely visible to passers by.
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for the situation that had been allowed to develop. The
Corporation had failed both to ensure that the vacant building was kept in proper repair and to enforce the law on Roches Stores. They hadn't taken effective action over the developers' refusal to abide by undertakings they had given to retain the one house and to spend ÂŁ20,000 on essential repairs. Mr. Justice O'Hanlon concluded that the situation had gone beyond the point of no return, and that it was not feasible at this stage to restore Frescati. A quote from the final judgement reads:
405:. Frescati even had its own theatre with Corinthian columns. Jacob Smith, who also worked at Carton and Russborough, landscaped and devised the large formal gardens filled with rare plants and shrubs. The house stood well back from the road on several acres of woods and parkland, and the Priory Stream passed through its grounds. There was also a small seawater pool in the garden. The gateway stood close to where the entrance to the Blackrock Shopping Centre stands today and its lands stretched back to where Sydney Avenue is now located.
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435:, which preached the importance of practical lessons from the real world rather than rigid book learning. Emily decided that Blackrock would be the best place to practice the Rousseau ideals of education on her children. The Duchess, who was no stranger to extravagance, invited Rousseau himself to Frescati to be her children's tutor. He declined, so Emily hired a Scottish tutor instead. The tutor, named William Ogilvie, was told to bring
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done to prop up the remainder of the house. Despite this, the building was still structurally safe. The
Corporation had argued that the proposed development was unsuitable for the area. Once Roches had completed their Department Store, the conservationists had no legal leg to stand on, since permission to demolish the house was effective once permission to develop the site had been granted. Roches declared that Frescati was
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Corporation was partly to blame, as they did not properly replace the wall that they had demolished to facilitate the new road. This left the grounds of
Frescati open and no action was taken against the people who were damaging the building. No repairs were carried out on the house and it became derelict. The worsening condition of the house was one of the factors which made its ultimate destruction unavoidable.
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and great sincerity of the man ! His progressive recognition of the total injustice of the behaviour of the aristocracy towards
Ireland, is something the Irish have never had the greatness of mind to value. In the Irish mind this gallant man has always been a lesser patriot. Now they would roll a boulder in, and slap a plaque upon it! How quickly we can add an insult to an injury, and know not that we do it.
583:, signed a formal objection rejecting any proposition on the part of DĂșn Laoghaire Corporation to permit the demolition of any part of Frescati. Several companies offered to buy the house and promised to develop the lands while preserving Frescati. One of these companies wanted to erect a residential development in the remaining land which integrated a restored Frescati. All of these offers were refused.
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smells like a greenhouse. Pamela has dressed four beautiful flower-pots, and is now working at her frame, while I write to my dearest mother; and upon the two little stands are six pots of fine auriculas, and I am sitting in a bay window with all those pleasant feelings which the fine weather, the pretty place, the singing birds, the pretty wife and
Frescati give me.
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some workmen and that some floors had been removed. The architect claimed that they were "just lifting floorboards and joists". There was no apparent reason why they would need to carry out such a job on the house. In any case, they were not permitted to carry out any works of this kind on the house. The housing inspector pointed this out.
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Marie Avis Walker exploited a legal loophole, which had first been exposed by somebody who had applied for permission to build "a small cabin of clay and wattles made, nine bean rows, and a hive for honey bee" on the Isle of
Innisfree earlier in the 1970s. This application was rejected in a decision
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It was as a result of a meeting at
Frescati on 24 February 1798, that Fitzgeraldâs revolutionary plans were betrayed by Thomas Reynolds. By March 1798, the United Irishmen had been infiltrated by spies. At this time, members of the Leinster committee were arrested. Lord Edward Fitzgerald escaped and
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Wife and I are come to settle here. We came last night, got up to a delightful spring day, and we are now enjoying the little book room, with the windows open, hearing the birds sing, and the place looking beautiful. The plants in the passage are just watered: and with the passage door open the room
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A long time later, in the dull light of the
November morning, early shoppers passed along, wrapped in the world of their own concerns. They noticed nothing. Maybe our small and selfish minds, our furtive Irish ways, our ready response to the turning of a coin, could never grasp the natural nobility
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At this stage, it was clear that the attempt to preserve
Frescati was being lost. In 1982, the Corporation tried to get an injunction in the High Court to compel Roches Stores to restore the remainder of the house as per the planning conditions. The judge, Mr. Justice O'Hanlon criticised both sides
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Conservationists feared that Roches Stores would attempt to demolish the house illegally. When locals noticed a truck load of masonry from the house, they alerted Dublin Corporation who sent a housing inspector. Having gained access to the house, they found the architect of the shopping centre with
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in Tournai in December 1792. After spending some time in Hamburg, the couple came to Frescati in 1793. The couple rarely had a permanent home during their time together, due to Lord Edward FitzGerald's involvement with the United Irishmen. Pamela, believed by some to be the illegitimate daughter of
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Unlike Kildare House and Carton House, the Fitzgeralds did not commission Frescati House, but bought it and improved it; in the 1760s, they extended and enhanced it. They are said to have spent ÂŁ85,000 on the house (equivalent to many millions of euro in 2016 terms). It tripled in size and received
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It appears to me that the developers have been completely indifferent to, or perhaps have even welcomed, this deterioration in the condition of the building, and have done virtually nothing to halt it. I feel the developers have shown a complete disregard for the moral obligations which arose from
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finally granted permission for its wings to be demolished. In 1981, it was stripped of its wings. These constituted seventy percent of the house. The essential conditions that called for the restoration of the rest of the house were subsequently ignored. When the wings were demolished, nothing was
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Corporation acquired lands at Frescati to build a bypass. Even after land had been acquired for the Blackrock dual carriageway, the house retained at least 7 acres (2.8 ha). At the same time, Frescati and its lands were rezoned for commercial development. This meant a high financial potential
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went on the run. However an informer, attracted by the ÂŁ1000 reward, was responsible for Fitzgeraldâs arrest in Dublin's Thomas Street on the 19 May. He shot one of his attackers, in his attempt to escape, but he received a gunshot wound in the process. He died later from his untreated injuries in
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Unlike some other great houses, its exterior was austere and not adorned with pediments or pilasters. For some, this gave it a noble simplicity. For others, it seemed unremarkable and undermined the case for preservation. Its exterior contrasted with a richly ornate and well-proportioned interior.
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Softly, well before the winter dawn, the yellow monster lurched towards the grey façade. A lone rook stirred in the tall beeches nearby, troubled by the relentless purring of powerful motors. Down beyond the stream, what remains of his ornamental garden, a few regal bamboo blades, trembled in the
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completed the job quietly, and not a single protester turned up to hamper the demolition, though some came to observe the demolition. Some of the bamboo, which was planted in 1784 by Lord Edward from shoots he brought back from St. Lucia in the Caribbean, was still there. Souvenir hunters came to
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Later, the house was owned briefly by Sir Henry Cavendish, Receiver-General for Ireland. For a time, it housed Reverend Craig's boys' school which began in 1804. This school prepared students for Trinity College, Dublin, and emphasised anti-Papist (anti-Catholic) values, much the opposite of what
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Blackrock is an upmarket residential area. The pressure for development land in Blackrock has resulted in the demolition of a number of old houses; Maretimo, Dawson Court, The Grove, Mount Merrion House, The Elms, Laural Hill, Fitzwilliam Lodge, Talbot Lodge, Frescati Lodge, Woodville, Carysfort
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The Priory (or Frescati in this vicinity) Stream is now culverted under the car park but visible again as it passes a neighbouring apartment development and then passes under the main road to emerge again in Blackrock Park. In time of threat from unexpected raids by the Crown Militia from Dublin
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Since Frescati's demolition, Roches Stores has ceased to exist. The store tripled in size and became known as the Frascati Shopping Centre. A new shopping centre was built opposite the site of Frescati, and it opened just two years later. By way of compensation for the loss of Frescati, Frescati
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One may notice stray cut-granite blocks which look out of place in the car park. These once belonged to the house. The remnants of Frescati are scattered now and hard to trace. The cast-iron railings were stolen, but a few fragments of plasterwork remain in safe-keeping by the conservationists.
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acted as the chairman, and Marie Avis Walker was secretary. Roches Stores were prepared only to retain a single stuccoed ceiling, which was to be kept in a memorial hall attached to the store. Local politicians joined the "Save Frescati" campaign as the house's welfare became a major issue with
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I canât tell you how pleased I was to see this place again. In a moment one goes over the years; every shrub, every turn, every peep of the house has a little history in it. The weather is delightful and the place looks beautiful. The trees are all so grown and there a thousand pretty sheltered
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Roches threatened to sue DĂșn Laoghaire Corporation for ÂŁ1.3 million, a large amount at the time, despite legal opinion that such a claim could never be substantiated. However, they said that they would withdraw this claim if they were allowed to knock down the wings. DĂșn Laoghaire Corporation
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The interior had carved marble chimneypieces, many elaborate ceilings and plasterwork of a high quality. There was a book room, a classical stone staircase with medallioned walls and a circular room with a groined ceiling. In the long parlour there was a painted ceiling by Riley, a student of
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In the 20th century, residential developments were built on the estate of Frescati, such as Frescati Park. Frescati Park partly incorporated Stable Lane, and the stable-houses were demolished to make way for it. It was built on woodland around Frescati, and comprised houses with bow windows,
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As the dispute continued, the house was deteriorating rapidly. Valuable interior fittings such as chimney-pieces were removed. Lead was stolen from the roof, which led to damage of the plasterwork. Roches Stores were reluctant to spend money protecting a building they wanted demolished. The
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conservationists. Since permission to demolish the house had already been granted on the condition that permission was granted for whatever was planned for the site, the campaign focused its efforts on preventing this planning permission from being granted.
530:. They sought planning permission to have it demolished. Permission was granted, subject to permission being granted for whatever was to be built on the site. A department store, an office block, a hotel and a car park were planned for the site.
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submitted a proposal for opinion that they could demolish the wings and integrate the Pillar room into the part that was to be retained. This was rejected by the conservationists. Several groups in favour of conservation including
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scour the rubble, which was left in situ until ten o'clock in the morning. Then the remains were collected into lorries and dumped in Ringsend. Frescati's end was summarised in a letter by Aidan Kelly, which appeared in the
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their course of dealing with the corporation or the planning applications; but I feel the corporation have also been extremely remiss to exercising whatever statutory powers were open to them to cope with the situation.
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Ironically for the conservationists, more of the house would have survived if Roches had been allowed go ahead with the demolition in 1971. The stuccoed ceiling which they originally offered to retain is now destroyed.
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Castle, the course of the stream could well have formed an escape route. The original tunnel which Emily had built to carry seawater to Frescati remains to this day; its whereabouts secret, and it has been blocked off.
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Blackrock has changed much since the demise of Frescati. The Blackrock bypass has altered the character of the area. There is a vibrant atmosphere in the village, which is dominated by cafés, pubs, and boutiques.
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night breeze. A mighty arm nudged the building. There was no crash, not even a rumble. Masonry fell with a rustle and hiss of dust down ivy-clad walls, to thud in moss. Within the hour, Frescati was no more.
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visited Lord Edward in Frescati House. Lord Cloncurry, who lived nearby in Maretimo, was also a frequent visitor to the house. A passage from a letter FitzGerald wrote to his mother in 1793 reads:
425:'s son and had spent much of his childhood here. Emily was careful of her children's health, so they spent most of their time in Blackrock and were educated there. Emily was a strong devotee of
448:, was described as "elegant and engaging in the highest degree" and of "judicious taste in her remarks and curiosities". Frescati House served as the venue for some United Irishmen meetings.
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spots, which near the sea in this season is very pleasant. The birds sing, the flowers blow, and make me for moments forget the world and all the villainy and tyranny going on in it.
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Lodge, Avoca House, Lisalea, Ardlui, Linden Castle and Yankee Terrace (a street of around ten tiny 19th-century cottages). None of these constitutes a loss on the scale of Frescati.
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On 4 November 1983, in the early hours of the morning the shell of Frescati was razed to the ground, ending a campaign which had lasted almost thirteen years. Two
504:. The five stables (which were situated before the bend of what is now Frescati Park) were converted into houses. The Craig family sold the house in the 1850s.
347:. It was around this period that a number of marine villas were built around Blackrock â including Maretimo, Carysfort, Lios an Uisce, Sans Souci and others.
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Frescati's demise began in the late sixties, when it was acquired from the McKinleys. The grounds of the Frescati remained substantial. In the late 1960s,
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During the eighteenth century, Blackrock was favoured with the well-to-do of Ireland and grew into a fashionable seaside resort. The gentry of smog-ridden
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to life in Blackrock. She later shocked and scandalised her family by marrying Ogilvie six weeks after her husband's death. Lord Edward married his wife
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was well attended. Several groups emerged in opposition to its demolition. Some locals formed an organisation called the Frescati Preservation Society.
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to take advantage of its sea views. It was at this time that the house was given its name, Frescati, a deliberate corruption of the Italian resort of
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for the lands. By 1970, Frescati was owned by "Frescati Estates Limited", a company controlled by the directors and owners of
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in the southern city centre, a listed building, was demolished illegally - the developers agreed to rebuild, and did so.
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mirroring those of Frescati. When Lisalea House was demolished, its lands were incorporated into the Frescati Estate.
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Lord Edward believed. Several notable fireplace pieces were removed at this time. According to Gerald Campbell's book
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and, after a long campaign to save it, was demolished in 1983 to build the Frascati Shopping Centre.
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in County Kildare. They spent much time in Frescati, especially in the summer. When the
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Frescati was the last building of significance connected with the 1798 Rising.
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317:(sometimes misspelled 'Frascati') was a Georgian house and estate situated in
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The boulder which Roches Stores erected after they demolished Frescati
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363:. Frescati became one of their three principal residences alongside
739:"CO. DUBLIN, BLACKROCK, FRESCATI Dictionary of Irish Architects -"
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Lady Campbell (their daughter) traced two of them to houses in
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Frescati boarded up after purchase by Board of Roches Stores
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saw Frescati, she is said to have "fallen in love with it".
359:, Ireland's largest landowners, who owned land throughout
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Pearson, P (2001). "Between the Mountains and the Sea"
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In the 1750s, Hely-Hutchinson sold the house to the
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2323:Buildings and structures in DĂșn LaoghaireâRathdown
465:When he returned to the house in 1797, he wrote:
676:Due to conservationist pressure, a nearby house,
486:Pembroke Place, a terrace built by Reverend Craig
332:The house was acquired in 1970 by the owners of
2348:Demolished buildings and structures in Dublin
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16:Demolished Georgian house in Dublin, Ireland
413:It was the favourite place of residence of
2292:Historic houses in the Republic of Ireland
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878:"Lord Edward FitzGerald - Irish Biography"
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321:. It was built in 1739 for the family of
137:Front of Frescati House in the late 1800s
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
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343:advanced into the area to embrace the
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373:Duchess of Leinster, Emily FitzGerald
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49:adding citations to reliable sources
2287:Historic houses in Northern Ireland
569:National Monuments Advisory Council
820:from the original on 4 August 2021
508:Early 20th century and development
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2318:Houses in the Republic of Ireland
1040:Historic Irish houses and castles
2353:Georgian architecture in Ireland
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888:from the original on 9 June 2016
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147:
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417:, a prominent commander of the
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36:needs additional citations for
2343:1739 establishments in Ireland
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1455:Castlemartin House and Estate
790:DĂșn Laoghaire Rathdown County
542:Struggle to preserve Frescati
498:Edward and Pamela Fitzgerald
2061:Archbishop's Palace, Armagh
379:Enlargement and improvement
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839:Watchorn, Richard (2003).
396:Architecture and landscape
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1768:Castle Gurteen de la Poer
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989:The Destruction of Dublin
142:
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2338:History of County Dublin
2313:Houses completed in 1739
987:McDonald, Frank (1985).
845:Dublin Historical Record
714:St. Helen's, Booterstown
692:Blackrock after Frescati
1818:Desmond Castle, Kinsale
1540:Killeen Castle, Dunsany
602:In the early eighties,
286:Design and construction
991:. Gill and MacMillan.
882:www.libraryireland.com
661:
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581:Irish Georgian Society
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487:
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415:Lord Edward FitzGerald
409:Lord Edward FitzGerald
1943:Mount Trenchard House
1698:Ballinskelligs Castle
810:"Save Frescati House"
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485:
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427:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
2141:Cloughoughter Castle
2111:Carrickfergus Castle
2101:Blessingbourne House
2071:Bailieborough Castle
2003:Shanmuckinish Castle
1693:Ballinalacken Castle
1678:Abbeville, Tipperary
1600:Middleton Park House
1292:Luttrellstown Castle
792:, The O'Brien Press
593:Sligo County Council
517:Beginning of the end
323:John Hely Hutchinson
307:John Hely-Hutchinson
257:Estimated completion
45:improve this article
2211:Hillsborough Castle
1788:Craggaunowen Castle
1703:Ballycarbery Castle
1222:Carrickmines Castle
1075:Ballynahinch Castle
548:Blackrock Town Hall
384:flanking wings and
237: /
190:Architectural style
169:General information
2333:FitzGerald dynasty
2206:Grianan of Aileach
2056:Altinaghree Castle
1973:Parkavonear Castle
1903:King John's Castle
1733:Bourchier's Castle
1718:Barryscourt Castle
1708:Ballyhannon Castle
1510:Enniscorthy Castle
1500:Durhamstown Castle
1470:Charleville Castle
1400:Barberstown Castle
1395:Ballinlough Castle
1327:Rathfarnham Castle
1227:Castleknock Castle
1202:Ăras an UachtarĂĄin
1085:Classiebawn Castle
960:, p. 243-244.
948:, p. 241-242.
936:, p. 240-241.
924:, p. 239-240.
770:on 17 October 2015
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609:beyond restoration
573:Old Dublin Society
552:Desmond FitzGerald
539:
488:
294:Various including
241:53.3011°N 6.1819°W
2328:Blackrock, Dublin
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2299:
2231:Lough Eske Castle
2131:Castle Saunderson
2013:Strancally Castle
1625:Russborough House
1615:Powerscourt House
1550:Killruddery House
1530:Huntington Castle
1515:Foulksrath Castle
1480:Dardistown Castle
1435:Blessington House
1217:Baggotrath Castle
1192:Abbeville, Dublin
1155:Strokestown House
1060:Aughnanure Castle
798:978-0-86278-977-0
682:national monument
680:, was declared a
636:Irish Independent
454:The Rights of Man
325:, the Provost of
319:Blackrock, Dublin
312:
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273:Technical details
204:Blackrock, Dublin
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113:
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2266:Springhill House
2241:Mongavlin Castle
2196:Glenveagh Castle
2176:Dungannon Castle
2136:Clandeboye House
2116:Castle Caulfield
2076:Ballymoyer House
2028:Waterford Castle
1933:Moorstown Castle
1908:Knappogue Castle
1863:Ennistymon House
1853:Dunkerron Castle
1833:Dromoland Castle
1823:Doonagore Castle
1813:Derryquin Castle
1688:Ardfinnan Castle
1645:Summerhill House
1620:Rock of Dunamase
1465:Castletown House
1385:Athlumney Castle
1370:Ardbraccan House
1360:Allenstown House
1352:Rest of Leinster
1322:Mornington House
1302:Manderley Castle
1232:Chichester House
1207:Ardgillan Castle
1197:Aldborough House
1177:
1110:Eyrecourt Castle
1105:Dunsandle Castle
1100:Dunguaire Castle
1070:Ballymote Castle
1065:Ballymore Castle
1034:
1027:
1020:
1011:
1002:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
910:
904:
898:
897:
895:
893:
874:
868:
867:
865:
863:
836:
830:
829:
827:
825:
806:
800:
786:
780:
779:
777:
775:
766:. Archived from
760:
754:
753:
751:
749:
735:
604:An Bord PleanĂĄla
452:, the author of
252:
251:
249:
248:
247:
246:53.3011; -6.1819
242:
238:
235:
234:
233:
230:
158:
157:
151:
135:
123:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
60:"Frescati House"
53:
29:
21:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2275:
2261:Rossmore Castle
2256:Richhill Castle
2251:Parkanaur House
2236:Monellan Castle
2156:Derrymore House
2096:Bellamont House
2042:
2038:Woodstown House
1923:Listowel Castle
1913:Leamaneh Castle
1898:Kiltinan Castle
1893:Killarney House
1873:Gallarus Castle
1858:Dunlough Castle
1843:Dunasead Castle
1753:Cappoquin House
1738:Bunratty Castle
1664:
1650:Tallaght Castle
1635:Stradbally Hall
1610:Portlick Castle
1595:Marlfield House
1590:Maynooth Castle
1570:Lisnavagh House
1555:Kinnitty Castle
1545:Kilkenny Castle
1525:Humewood Castle
1490:Duckett's Grove
1420:Belvedere House
1415:Bellinter House
1380:Athclare Castle
1346:
1332:Roebuck, Dublin
1297:Malahide Castle
1247:Drimnagh Castle
1237:Clontarf Castle
1178:
1169:
1135:Lissadell House
1130:Kilronan Castle
1120:Hazelwood House
1041:
1038:
1007:
1005:
999:
986:
982:
977:
976:
968:
964:
956:
952:
944:
940:
932:
928:
920:
913:
905:
901:
891:
889:
876:
875:
871:
861:
859:
838:
837:
833:
823:
821:
808:
807:
803:
787:
783:
773:
771:
762:
761:
757:
747:
745:
737:
736:
732:
727:
722:
710:
694:
686:Archer's Garage
654:
617:
544:
519:
510:
493:
446:Duke of Orleans
419:United Irishmen
411:
403:Joshua Reynolds
398:
381:
353:
327:Trinity College
245:
243:
239:
236:
231:
228:
226:
224:
223:
164:
163:
162:
161:
160:
159:
138:
117:
106:
100:
97:
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2366:
2364:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2305:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2201:Gosford Castle
2198:
2193:
2191:Glenarm Castle
2188:
2186:Florence Court
2183:
2181:Dunluce Castle
2178:
2173:
2171:Dundrum Castle
2168:
2166:Donegal Castle
2163:
2158:
2153:
2151:Dartrey Forest
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2091:Belfast Castle
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2066:Arthur Cottage
2063:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1993:Roscrea Castle
1990:
1988:Rock of Cashel
1985:
1983:Redwood Castle
1980:
1975:
1970:
1968:Ormonde Castle
1965:
1960:
1958:Newtown Castle
1955:
1950:
1948:Muckross House
1945:
1940:
1938:Mount Congreve
1935:
1930:
1928:Macroom Castle
1925:
1920:
1918:Lismore Castle
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1888:Killagha Abbey
1885:
1883:Kilcash Castle
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1838:Dromore Castle
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1763:Castle Donovan
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1728:Blarney Castle
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1640:Straffan House
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1565:Leixlip Castle
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1495:Dunsany Castle
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1425:Bellevue House
1422:
1417:
1412:
1410:Beaulieu House
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1390:Avondale House
1387:
1382:
1377:
1375:Athlone Castle
1372:
1367:
1365:Altamont House
1362:
1356:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1317:Merrion Castle
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1282:Leinster House
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1262:Frescati House
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1212:Ashtown Castle
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1165:Westport House
1162:
1157:
1152:
1150:Parke's Castle
1147:
1142:
1140:Markree Castle
1137:
1132:
1127:
1125:Glanleam House
1122:
1117:
1115:Fiddaun Castle
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1095:Clonalis House
1092:
1090:Clifden Castle
1087:
1082:
1080:Castle Hackett
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1055:Ashford Castle
1051:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1014:
1004:
1003:
997:
983:
981:
978:
975:
974:
972:, p. 244.
962:
950:
938:
926:
911:
909:, p. 239.
899:
869:
851:(2): 161â169.
831:
801:
781:
755:
729:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
717:
716:
709:
706:
693:
690:
653:
650:
616:
613:
543:
540:
518:
515:
509:
506:
502:Merrion Square
492:
489:
477:Newgate Prison
410:
407:
397:
394:
380:
377:
367:in Dublin and
365:Leinster House
352:
349:
315:Frescati House
310:
309:
304:
300:
299:
292:
288:
287:
283:
282:
279:
275:
274:
270:
269:
266:
262:
261:
258:
254:
253:
221:
215:
214:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
175:
171:
170:
166:
165:
153:
152:
146:
145:
144:
143:
140:
139:
136:
128:
127:
126:Frescati House
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2365:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2246:Mount Stewart
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2126:Castle Leslie
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2081:Bangor Castle
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2018:Tarbert House
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2008:Slevoir House
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1953:Newhall House
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1878:Kenmare House
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1848:Dunboy Castle
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1808:Derreen House
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1778:Castle Oliver
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1758:Castle Conway
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1743:Bowen's Court
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1585:Lyons Demesne
1583:
1581:
1580:Luggala Lodge
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:Kilkea Castle
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1520:Gloster House
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1485:Darver Castle
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:Dangan Castle
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1450:Castle Durrow
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1342:Swords Castle
1340:
1338:
1337:Sutton Castle
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1312:Mansion House
1310:
1308:
1307:Manresa House
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:Dublin Castle
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1000:
998:0-7171-1386-8
994:
990:
985:
984:
979:
971:
970:McDonald 1985
966:
963:
959:
958:McDonald 1985
954:
951:
947:
946:McDonald 1985
942:
939:
935:
934:McDonald 1985
930:
927:
923:
922:McDonald 1985
918:
916:
912:
908:
907:McDonald 1985
903:
900:
887:
883:
879:
873:
870:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
835:
832:
819:
815:
811:
805:
802:
799:
795:
791:
785:
782:
769:
765:
759:
756:
744:
740:
734:
731:
724:
719:
715:
712:
711:
707:
705:
702:
698:
691:
689:
687:
683:
679:
674:
670:
666:
658:
651:
648:
644:
639:
637:
632:
626:
621:
614:
612:
610:
605:
600:
596:
594:
588:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
556:
553:
549:
541:
535:
531:
529:
528:Roches Stores
524:
523:DĂșn Laoghaire
516:
514:
507:
505:
503:
499:
491:Victorian era
490:
484:
480:
478:
471:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
442:
438:
434:
433:
428:
424:
420:
416:
408:
406:
404:
395:
393:
391:
387:
378:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
350:
348:
346:
342:
337:
335:
334:Roches Stores
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
308:
305:
301:
298:, Thomas Owen
297:
293:
289:
284:
280:
276:
271:
267:
259:
250:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
205:
202:
198:
195:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:
150:
141:
134:
129:
124:
115:
112:
104:
101:December 2009
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: â
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
2226:Lissan House
2121:Castle Coole
2023:Vernon Mount
1963:O'Dea Castle
1828:Dough Castle
1793:Croom Castle
1783:Castle Otway
1773:Castle Maine
1748:Cahir Castle
1723:Black Castle
1713:Bantry House
1655:Townley Hall
1630:Slane Castle
1605:Mount Loftus
1460:Castle Roche
1445:Carton House
1440:Butler House
1405:Bargy Castle
1277:Iveagh House
1272:Howth Castle
1261:
1160:Tyrone House
1145:Menlo Castle
1006:
988:
965:
953:
941:
929:
902:
890:. Retrieved
881:
872:
862:28 September
860:. Retrieved
848:
844:
834:
822:. Retrieved
814:RTĂ Archives
813:
804:
789:
784:
772:. Retrieved
768:the original
758:
748:28 September
746:. Retrieved
742:
733:
703:
699:
695:
675:
671:
667:
663:
645:
641:
628:
623:
618:
608:
601:
597:
589:
585:
577:Arts Council
557:
545:
520:
511:
497:
494:
473:
468:
464:
459:
450:Thomas Paine
436:
430:
412:
399:
382:
369:Carton House
354:
338:
331:
314:
313:
291:Architect(s)
200:Town or city
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
2271:Tynan Abbey
2221:Inch Castle
2216:Hope Castle
2146:Crom Castle
2106:Burt Castle
2086:Baronscourt
1998:Ross Castle
1803:Damer House
1798:Curraghmore
1683:Adare Manor
1660:Trim Castle
1575:Loftus Hall
1560:Leap Castle
1430:Birr Castle
1287:Lucan Manor
774:19 February
565:Bord FĂĄilte
479:on 4 June.
386:bay windows
357:FitzGeralds
351:The Duchess
296:James Wyatt
278:Floor count
244: /
219:Coordinates
2307:Categories
2161:Doe Castle
1868:Fota House
841:"Frescati"
743:www.dia.ie
720:References
678:St Helen's
579:, and the
265:Demolished
229:53°18âČ04âłN
177:Demolished
71:newspapers
2033:Woodhouse
1978:Red House
1505:Emo Court
1267:Hillcourt
1257:Farmleigh
1242:Deerfield
652:Aftermath
561:An Taisce
421:. He was
303:Developer
232:6°10âČ55âłW
2283:See also
1047:Connacht
892:3 August
886:Archived
857:30101416
824:4 August
818:Archived
708:See also
390:Frascati
361:Leinster
194:Georgian
1670:Munster
980:Sources
615:The end
345:sea air
213:Ireland
210:Country
85:scholar
2048:Ulster
1184:Dublin
995:
855:
796:
575:, the
571:, the
567:, the
441:Pamela
341:Dublin
174:Status
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
853:JSTOR
725:Notes
437:Emile
432:Emile
423:Emily
185:House
92:JSTOR
78:books
993:ISBN
894:2021
864:2021
826:2021
794:ISBN
776:2010
750:2021
631:JCBs
268:1983
260:1739
182:Type
64:news
591:by
429:'s
47:by
2309::
914:^
884:.
880:.
849:56
847:.
843:.
816:.
812:.
741:.
638::
611:.
563:,
392:.
329:.
1033:e
1026:t
1019:v
1001:.
896:.
866:.
828:.
778:.
752:.
281:3
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
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