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Smooth number

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2060: 4321: 111:. For example, 1,620 has prime factorization 2 × 3 × 5; therefore 1,620 is 5-smooth because none of its prime factors are greater than 5. This definition includes numbers that lack some of the smaller prime factors; for example, both 10 and 12 are 5-smooth, even though they miss out the prime factors 3 and 5, respectively. All 5-smooth numbers are of the form 2 × 3 × 5, where 478: 64:. For example, a 7-smooth number is a number in which every prime factor is at most 7. Therefore, 49 = 7 and 15750 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 are both 7-smooth, while 11 and 702 = 2 × 3 × 13 are not 7-smooth. The term seems to have been coined by 651: 1430: 227:-smooth numbers, one ensures that the base cases of this recursion are small primes, for which efficient algorithms exist. (Large prime sizes require less-efficient algorithms such as 2423: 1075: 1159: 1120: 1328: 748: 368: 318: 1031: 973: 683: 924: 510: 849: 822: 775: 376: 944: 889: 869: 795: 533: 274: 126:
The 3-smooth numbers have also been called "harmonic numbers", although that name has other more widely used meanings. 5-smooth numbers are also called
2003: 1907: 1657: 1584: 1195: 2416: 568: 1558: 1161:). It is 16-powersmooth since its greatest prime factor power is 2 = 16. The number is also 17-powersmooth, 18-powersmooth, etc. 1217: 3223: 2409: 3218: 1862: 1377: 3233: 3213: 2049: 1209: 3926: 3506: 2246: 2059: 4345: 1599: 1360: 216: 3228: 4012: 1996: 89: 3328: 1237: 3678: 2997: 2790: 1080:
For example, 720 (2 × 3 × 5) is 5-smooth but not 5-powersmooth (because there are several prime powers greater than 5,
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increases, the performance of the algorithm or method in question degrades rapidly. For example, the
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Smooth numbers have a number of applications to cryptography. While most applications center around
3921: 3785: 3780: 3748: 3511: 3486: 3481: 3456: 3386: 3382: 3313: 3203: 3035: 2831: 2800: 2390: 2385: 2180: 2175: 2160: 2099: 1675:(1965), "Some Seleucid mathematical tables (extended reciprocals and squares of regular numbers)", 1480: 1253: 1245: 4320: 1822: 1311: 710: 4324: 4078: 4073: 3987: 3961: 3859: 3838: 3610: 3491: 3441: 3363: 3333: 3273: 3040: 3020: 2951: 2664: 2314: 2309: 2270: 2190: 2170: 1778: 1742: 1708: 1692: 1241: 3208: 338: 288: 250:), and the problem of generating these numbers efficiently has been used as a test problem for 4218: 4163: 4017: 3992: 3966: 3743: 3421: 3416: 3343: 3323: 3308: 3030: 3012: 2931: 2921: 2906: 2684: 2669: 2350: 2290: 1888: 1858: 1554: 1280: 1009: 949: 659: 894: 486: 473:{\displaystyle \Psi (x,B)\sim {\frac {1}{\pi (B)!}}\prod _{p\leq B}{\frac {\log x}{\log p}}.} 4254: 4047: 3633: 3605: 3595: 3587: 3471: 3436: 3431: 3398: 3092: 3055: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2926: 2898: 2785: 2737: 2732: 2689: 2628: 2380: 2355: 2275: 2261: 2195: 2079: 2039: 1684: 1546: 686: 270: 180: 1704: 827: 800: 753: 4230: 4119: 4052: 3978: 3901: 3875: 3693: 3406: 3263: 3198: 3168: 3158: 3153: 2819: 2727: 2674: 2518: 2458: 2365: 2360: 2285: 2279: 2216: 2114: 2104: 2034: 1700: 1623: 1364: 77: 65: 1746: 4235: 4103: 4088: 3952: 3916: 3891: 3767: 3738: 3723: 3600: 3496: 3466: 3193: 3148: 3025: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2585: 2570: 2483: 2468: 2446: 2433: 2370: 2324: 2150: 2134: 2124: 2094: 1530: 1461: 929: 874: 854: 780: 518: 235: 188: 127: 1981: 4339: 4158: 4142: 4083: 4037: 3718: 3628: 3353: 2911: 2780: 2742: 2699: 2580: 2565: 2555: 2513: 2503: 2478: 2319: 2109: 2089: 1871: 1712: 258: 247: 57: 31: 4194: 4183: 4098: 3936: 3911: 3828: 3728: 3698: 3673: 3657: 3562: 3529: 3278: 3252: 3163: 3102: 2679: 2575: 2508: 2488: 2463: 2334: 2251: 2129: 2074: 2044: 1867: 1451: 1446: 1372: 243: 176: 104: 73: 69: 1891: 1506: 273:
hash function is another example of a constructive use of smoothness to obtain a
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Kim, Taechan; Tibouchi, Mehdi (2015). "Invalid Curve Attacks in a GLS Setting".
1647: 1574: 1550: 1356: 4290: 4271: 3567: 3178: 697: 17: 2401: 72:, which relies on factorization of integers. 2-smooth numbers are simply the 3896: 3823: 3815: 3620: 3534: 2652: 2084: 1896: 1337:= {3, 5}, as 12 contains the factor 4 = 2, and neither 4 nor 2 are in 646:{\displaystyle \Psi (x,y)=x\cdot \rho (u)+O\left({\frac {x}{\log y}}\right)} 1832:. Blacksburg, Virginia: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 1220:. Such applications are often said to work with "smooth numbers," with no 3997: 1351:
does not have to be a set of prime factors, but it is typically a proper
219:), which operates by recursively breaking down a problem of a given size 1294:. For example, since 12 = 4 × 3, 12 is smooth over the sets 4002: 3661: 2029: 1696: 92: 53: 1767: 1533:; Reyneri, J. M. (1983). "Fast Computation of Discrete Logarithms in 1352: 1688: 1208:-powersmooth numbers have applications in number theory, such as in 1754:, Report EWD792. Originally a privately circulated handwritten note 2300: 1783: 1672: 1425:{\displaystyle \phi :\mathbb {Z} \to \mathbb {Z} /n\mathbb {Z} } 4288: 4252: 4216: 4180: 4140: 3765: 3654: 3380: 3295: 3250: 3127: 2817: 2764: 2716: 2650: 2602: 2540: 2444: 2405: 1985: 1180:-powersmooth numbers are exactly the positive divisors of “the 1726:
Longuet-Higgins, H. C. (1962), "Letter to a musical friend",
211:
An important practical application of smooth numbers is the
1976: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1951: 1944: 1937: 1930: 1923: 1651: 1578: 1190: 155:-smooth number. If the largest prime factor of a number is 1768:"Divisibility, Smoothness and Cryptographic Applications" 1855:
Introduction to analytic and probabilistic number theory
151:
itself is not required to appear among the factors of a
926:-smooth part of a random integer less than or equal to 1873:
Smooth numbers: Computational number theory and beyond
1766:
Naccache, David; Shparlinski, Igor (17 October 2008).
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or Hamming numbers; 7-smooth numbers are also called
4112: 4066: 4026: 3977: 3951: 3884: 3868: 3847: 3814: 3779: 3619: 3586: 3543: 3520: 3397: 3085: 3076: 3054: 3011: 2973: 2964: 2897: 2839: 2830: 2343: 2299: 2260: 2209: 2143: 2067: 2017: 1823:"An Introduction to the General Number Field Sieve" 1224:specified; this means the numbers involved must be 1424: 1371:uses to build its notion of smoothness, under the 1322: 1153: 1114: 1069: 1025: 967: 938: 918: 883: 863: 843: 816: 789: 769: 742: 677: 645: 527: 504: 472: 362: 312: 140:, although this conflicts with another meaning of 1543:Advances in Cryptology – Proceedings of Crypto 82 335:is fixed and small, there is a good estimate for 1228:-powersmooth, for some unspecified small number 223:into problems the size of its factors. By using 1652:"Sequence A002473 (7-smooth numbers)" 1579:"Sequence A003586 (3-smooth numbers)" 1330:, however it would not be smooth over the set 2417: 1997: 68:. Smooth numbers are especially important in 8: 1290:where the factors are powers of elements in 199:is the largest prime less than or equal to 76:, while 5-smooth numbers are also known as 4285: 4249: 4213: 4177: 4137: 3811: 3776: 3762: 3651: 3394: 3377: 3292: 3247: 3124: 3082: 2970: 2836: 2827: 2814: 2761: 2718:Possessing a specific set of other numbers 2713: 2647: 2599: 2537: 2441: 2424: 2410: 2402: 2004: 1990: 1982: 1168:-smooth numbers, for any positive integer 514:the number of primes less than or equal to 1908:On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences 1782: 1658:On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences 1585:On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences 1418: 1417: 1409: 1405: 1404: 1388: 1387: 1379: 1316: 1315: 1313: 1133: 1127: 1094: 1088: 1066: 1051: 1045: 1017: 1011: 951: 931: 906: 902: 896: 876: 856: 835: 829: 808: 802: 782: 761: 755: 734: 724: 712: 661: 621: 570: 520: 488: 441: 429: 401: 378: 340: 290: 946:is known to decay much more slowly than 1472: 324:-smooth integers less than or equal to 27:Integer having only small prime factors 1481:"P-Smooth Numbers or P-friable Number" 7: 1821:Briggs, Matthew E. (17 April 1998). 2012:Divisibility-based sets of integers 1286:if there exists a factorization of 1176:-powersmooth numbers, in fact, the 183:are permitted as well. A number is 572: 380: 342: 292: 25: 2050:Fundamental theorem of arithmetic 1070:{\displaystyle p^{\nu }\leq n.\,} 4319: 3927:Perfect digit-to-digit invariant 2058: 824:is not (or is equal to 1), then 538:Otherwise, define the parameter 1154:{\displaystyle 2^{4}=16\nleq 5} 1876:, Proc. of MSRI workshop, 2008 1401: 1398: 1392: 1115:{\displaystyle 3^{2}=9\nleq 5} 962: 956: 672: 666: 608: 602: 587: 575: 499: 493: 416: 410: 395: 383: 357: 345: 307: 295: 215:(FFT) algorithms (such as the 60:are all less than or equal to 1: 2766:Expressible via specific sums 1355:of the primes as seen in the 1172:there are only finitely many 242:. They are also important in 1677:Journal of Cuneiform Studies 1361:Dixon's factorization method 1323:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} } 1279:is said to be smooth over a 743:{\displaystyle n=n_{1}n_{2}} 700:natural numbers will not be 3855:Multiplicative digital root 1624:"Problem H: Humble Numbers" 1551:10.1007/978-1-4757-0602-4_1 1367:. Likewise, it is what the 891:. The relative size of the 123:are non-negative integers. 4367: 1914:-smooth numbers for small 1748:Hamming's exercise in SASL 1648:Sloane, N. J. A. 1575:Sloane, N. J. A. 1369:general number field sieve 1214: − 1 algorithm 363:{\displaystyle \Psi (x,B)} 328:(the de Bruijn function). 313:{\displaystyle \Psi (x,y)} 267:General number field sieve 217:Cooley–Tukey FFT algorithm 4315: 4298: 4284: 4262: 4248: 4226: 4212: 4190: 4176: 4149: 4136: 3932:Perfect digital invariant 3775: 3761: 3669: 3650: 3507:Superior highly composite 3393: 3376: 3304: 3291: 3259: 3246: 3134: 3123: 2826: 2813: 2771: 2760: 2723: 2712: 2660: 2646: 2609: 2598: 2551: 2536: 2454: 2440: 2247:Superior highly composite 2056: 546: = log  265:algorithms, for example: 229:Bluestein's FFT algorithm 3545:Euler's totient function 3329:Euler–Jacobi pseudoprime 2604:Other polynomial numbers 2144:Constrained divisor sums 1238:Pohlig–Hellman algorithm 1026:{\displaystyle p^{\nu }} 968:{\displaystyle \rho (u)} 678:{\displaystyle \rho (u)} 331:If the smoothness bound 261:(e.g. the fastest known 142:highly composite numbers 3359:Somer–Lucas pseudoprime 3349:Lucas–Carmichael number 3184:Lazy caterer's sequence 1442:Highly composite number 919:{\displaystyle x^{1/u}} 550: / log  505:{\displaystyle \pi (B)} 238:play a special role in 136:, and sometimes called 4346:Analytic number theory 3234:Wedderburn–Etherington 2634:Lucky numbers of Euler 1426: 1324: 1244:has a running time of 1155: 1116: 1071: 1027: 969: 940: 920: 885: 865: 845: 818: 791: 771: 744: 679: 647: 529: 506: 474: 364: 314: 275:provably secure design 252:functional programming 240:Babylonian mathematics 213:fast Fourier transform 3522:Prime omega functions 3339:Frobenius pseudoprime 3129:Combinatorial numbers 2998:Centered dodecahedral 2791:Primary pseudoperfect 2025:Integer factorization 1511:mathworld.wolfram.com 1427: 1325: 1182:least common multiple 1156: 1117: 1072: 1028: 970: 941: 921: 886: 866: 846: 844:{\displaystyle n_{1}} 819: 817:{\displaystyle n_{2}} 792: 772: 770:{\displaystyle n_{1}} 745: 680: 648: 530: 507: 475: 365: 320:denote the number of 315: 263:integer factorization 3981:-composition related 3781:Arithmetic functions 3383:Arithmetic functions 3319:Elliptic pseudoprime 3003:Centered icosahedral 2983:Centered tetrahedral 1468:Notes and references 1378: 1312: 1308:= {2, 3}, and 1126: 1087: 1044: 1010: 950: 930: 895: 875: 855: 828: 801: 781: 754: 711: 660: 569: 519: 487: 377: 339: 289: 171:. In many scenarios 3907:Kaprekar's constant 3427:Colossally abundant 3314:Catalan pseudoprime 3214:Schröder–Hipparchus 2993:Centered octahedral 2869:Centered heptagonal 2859:Centered pentagonal 2849:Centered triangular 2449:and related numbers 2237:Colossally abundant 2068:Factorization forms 1975:23-smooth numbers: 1969:19-smooth numbers: 1963:17-smooth numbers: 1957:13-smooth numbers: 1950:11-smooth numbers: 1743:Dijkstra, Edsger W. 1628:www.eecs.qmul.ac.uk 1505:Weisstein, Eric W. 1242:discrete logarithms 979:Powersmooth numbers 159:then the number is 4325:Mathematics portal 4267:Aronson's sequence 4013:Smarandache–Wellin 3770:-dependent numbers 3477:Primitive abundant 3364:Strong pseudoprime 3354:Perrin pseudoprime 3334:Fermat pseudoprime 3274:Wolstenholme prime 3098:Squared triangular 2884:Centered decagonal 2879:Centered nonagonal 2874:Centered octagonal 2864:Centered hexagonal 2222:Primitive abundant 2210:With many divisors 1943:7-smooth numbers: 1936:5-smooth numbers: 1929:3-smooth numbers: 1922:2-smooth numbers: 1889:Weisstein, Eric W. 1661:. OEIS Foundation. 1588:. OEIS Foundation. 1422: 1320: 1268:Smooth over a set 1151: 1112: 1067: 1023: 965: 936: 916: 881: 861: 841: 814: 787: 767: 740: 675: 643: 525: 502: 470: 440: 360: 310: 4351:Integer sequences 4333: 4332: 4311: 4310: 4280: 4279: 4244: 4243: 4208: 4207: 4172: 4171: 4132: 4131: 4128: 4127: 3947: 3946: 3757: 3756: 3646: 3645: 3642: 3641: 3588:Aliquot sequences 3399:Divisor functions 3372: 3371: 3344:Lucas pseudoprime 3324:Euler pseudoprime 3309:Carmichael number 3287: 3286: 3242: 3241: 3119: 3118: 3115: 3114: 3111: 3110: 3072: 3071: 2960: 2959: 2917:Square triangular 2809: 2808: 2756: 2755: 2708: 2707: 2642: 2641: 2594: 2593: 2532: 2531: 2399: 2398: 1730:(August): 244–248 1560:978-1-4757-0604-8 1545:. pp. 3–13. 1457:StĂžrmer's theorem 939:{\displaystyle x} 884:{\displaystyle n} 864:{\displaystyle B} 790:{\displaystyle B} 637: 528:{\displaystyle B} 465: 425: 423: 181:composite numbers 107:are greater than 16:(Redirected from 4358: 4323: 4286: 4255:Natural language 4250: 4214: 4182:Generated via a 4178: 4138: 4043:Digit-reassembly 4008:Self-descriptive 3812: 3777: 3763: 3714:Lucas–Carmichael 3704:Harmonic divisor 3652: 3578:Sparsely totient 3553:Highly cototient 3462:Multiply perfect 3452:Highly composite 3395: 3378: 3293: 3248: 3229:Telephone number 3125: 3083: 3064:Square pyramidal 3046:Stella octangula 2971: 2837: 2828: 2820:Figurate numbers 2815: 2762: 2714: 2648: 2600: 2538: 2442: 2426: 2419: 2412: 2403: 2376:Harmonic divisor 2262:Aliquot sequence 2242:Highly composite 2166:Multiply perfect 2062: 2040:Divisor function 2006: 1999: 1992: 1983: 1902: 1901: 1842: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1827: 1818: 1812: 1811: 1803: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1786: 1772: 1763: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1739: 1733: 1731: 1723: 1717: 1715: 1669: 1663: 1662: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1634: 1620: 1614: 1613: 1611: 1610: 1596: 1590: 1589: 1571: 1565: 1564: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1518: 1517: 1502: 1496: 1495: 1493: 1492: 1477: 1431: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1421: 1413: 1408: 1391: 1329: 1327: 1326: 1321: 1319: 1301:= {4, 3}, 1193: 1160: 1158: 1157: 1152: 1138: 1137: 1121: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1099: 1098: 1076: 1074: 1073: 1068: 1056: 1055: 1032: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1022: 1021: 974: 972: 971: 966: 945: 943: 942: 937: 925: 923: 922: 917: 915: 914: 910: 890: 888: 887: 882: 871:-smooth part of 870: 868: 867: 862: 850: 848: 847: 842: 840: 839: 823: 821: 820: 815: 813: 812: 796: 794: 793: 788: 776: 774: 773: 768: 766: 765: 749: 747: 746: 741: 739: 738: 729: 728: 687:Dickman function 684: 682: 681: 676: 652: 650: 649: 644: 642: 638: 636: 622: 534: 532: 531: 526: 511: 509: 508: 503: 479: 477: 476: 471: 466: 464: 453: 442: 439: 424: 422: 402: 369: 367: 366: 361: 319: 317: 316: 311: 269:algorithm), the 163:-smooth for any 147:Here, note that 138:highly composite 21: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4356: 4355: 4336: 4335: 4334: 4329: 4307: 4303:Strobogrammatic 4294: 4276: 4258: 4240: 4222: 4204: 4186: 4168: 4145: 4124: 4108: 4067:Divisor-related 4062: 4022: 3973: 3943: 3880: 3864: 3843: 3810: 3783: 3771: 3753: 3665: 3664:related numbers 3638: 3615: 3582: 3573:Perfect totient 3539: 3516: 3447:Highly abundant 3389: 3368: 3300: 3283: 3255: 3238: 3224:Stirling second 3130: 3107: 3068: 3050: 3007: 2956: 2893: 2854:Centered square 2822: 2805: 2767: 2752: 2719: 2704: 2656: 2655:defined numbers 2638: 2605: 2590: 2561:Double Mersenne 2547: 2528: 2450: 2436: 2434:natural numbers 2430: 2400: 2395: 2339: 2295: 2256: 2227:Highly abundant 2205: 2186:Unitary perfect 2139: 2063: 2054: 2035:Unitary divisor 2013: 2010: 1892:"Smooth Number" 1887: 1886: 1883: 1850: 1845: 1835: 1833: 1825: 1820: 1819: 1815: 1805: 1804: 1800: 1789: 1787: 1775:eprint.iacr.org 1770: 1765: 1764: 1760: 1751: 1741: 1740: 1736: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1689:10.2307/1359089 1671: 1670: 1666: 1646: 1645: 1641: 1632: 1630: 1622: 1621: 1617: 1608: 1606: 1598: 1597: 1593: 1573: 1572: 1568: 1561: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1515: 1513: 1507:"Smooth Number" 1504: 1503: 1499: 1490: 1488: 1479: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1438: 1376: 1375: 1365:quadratic sieve 1343: 1336: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1300: 1273: 1189: 1184:of 1, 2, 3, 
, 1129: 1124: 1123: 1090: 1085: 1084: 1047: 1042: 1041: 1013: 1008: 1007: 1003:) if all prime 981: 948: 947: 928: 927: 898: 893: 892: 873: 872: 853: 852: 831: 826: 825: 804: 799: 798: 779: 778: 757: 752: 751: 730: 720: 709: 708: 658: 657: 626: 617: 567: 566: 558: =  517: 516: 485: 484: 454: 443: 406: 375: 374: 337: 336: 287: 286: 283: 236:regular numbers 209: 202: 198: 195:-smooth, where 194: 186: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 129:regular numbers 110: 103:if none of its 98: 86: 78:regular numbers 66:Leonard Adleman 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4364: 4362: 4354: 4353: 4348: 4338: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4327: 4316: 4313: 4312: 4309: 4308: 4306: 4305: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4289: 4282: 4281: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4274: 4269: 4263: 4260: 4259: 4253: 4246: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4238: 4236:Sorting number 4233: 4231:Pancake number 4227: 4224: 4223: 4217: 4210: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4202: 4197: 4191: 4188: 4187: 4181: 4174: 4173: 4170: 4169: 4167: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4143:Binary numbers 4141: 4134: 4133: 4130: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4122: 4116: 4114: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4070: 4068: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4034: 4032: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3984: 3982: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3971: 3970: 3969: 3958: 3956: 3953:P-adic numbers 3949: 3948: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3941: 3940: 3939: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3878: 3872: 3870: 3869:Coding-related 3866: 3865: 3863: 3862: 3857: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3820: 3818: 3809: 3808: 3807: 3806: 3804:Multiplicative 3801: 3790: 3788: 3773: 3772: 3768:Numeral system 3766: 3759: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3670: 3667: 3666: 3655: 3648: 3647: 3644: 3643: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3636: 3631: 3625: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3592: 3590: 3584: 3583: 3581: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3558:Highly totient 3555: 3549: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3532: 3526: 3524: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3412:Almost perfect 3409: 3403: 3401: 3391: 3390: 3381: 3374: 3373: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3296: 3289: 3288: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3260: 3257: 3256: 3251: 3244: 3243: 3240: 3239: 3237: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3219:Stirling first 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3128: 3121: 3120: 3117: 3116: 3113: 3112: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3089: 3087: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3066: 3060: 3058: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3017: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2979: 2977: 2968: 2962: 2961: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2903: 2901: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2845: 2843: 2834: 2824: 2823: 2818: 2811: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2804: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2765: 2758: 2757: 2754: 2753: 2751: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2724: 2721: 2720: 2717: 2710: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2651: 2644: 2643: 2640: 2639: 2637: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2603: 2596: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2541: 2534: 2533: 2530: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2455: 2452: 2451: 2445: 2438: 2437: 2431: 2429: 2428: 2421: 2414: 2406: 2397: 2396: 2394: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2340: 2338: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2306: 2304: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2273: 2267: 2265: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2213: 2211: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2156:Almost perfect 2153: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2140: 2138: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2064: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2021: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2008: 2001: 1994: 1986: 1980: 1979: 1973: 1967: 1961: 1955: 1948: 1941: 1934: 1927: 1904: 1903: 1882: 1881:External links 1879: 1878: 1877: 1865: 1863:978-0821898543 1857:, (AMS, 2015) 1853:G. Tenenbaum, 1849: 1846: 1844: 1843: 1813: 1798: 1758: 1734: 1718: 1664: 1639: 1615: 1591: 1566: 1559: 1531:Hellman, M. E. 1522: 1497: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1464: 1462:Unusual number 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1437: 1434: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1341: 1334: 1318: 1305: 1298: 1272: 1266: 1240:for computing 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1136: 1132: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1078: 1077: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1054: 1050: 1020: 1016: 980: 977: 964: 961: 958: 955: 935: 913: 909: 905: 901: 880: 860: 851:is called the 838: 834: 811: 807: 786: 764: 760: 737: 733: 727: 723: 719: 716: 674: 671: 668: 665: 654: 653: 641: 635: 632: 629: 625: 620: 616: 613: 610: 607: 604: 601: 598: 595: 592: 589: 586: 583: 580: 577: 574: 524: 501: 498: 495: 492: 481: 480: 469: 463: 460: 457: 452: 449: 446: 438: 435: 432: 428: 421: 418: 415: 412: 409: 405: 400: 397: 394: 391: 388: 385: 382: 359: 356: 353: 350: 347: 344: 309: 306: 303: 300: 297: 294: 282: 279: 208: 205: 200: 196: 192: 189:if and only if 184: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 134:humble numbers 108: 96: 85: 82: 26: 24: 18:Friable number 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4363: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4317: 4314: 4304: 4301: 4300: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4283: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4247: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4211: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4192: 4189: 4185: 4179: 4175: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4151: 4148: 4144: 4139: 4135: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4111: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4094:Polydivisible 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4065: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4025: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3976: 3968: 3965: 3964: 3963: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3950: 3938: 3935: 3934: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3883: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3848:Digit product 3846: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3813: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3795: 3792: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3760: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3684:ErdƑs–Nicolas 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3671: 3668: 3663: 3659: 3653: 3649: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3618: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3542: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3519: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3502:Superabundant 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3303: 3299: 3294: 3290: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3249: 3245: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3133: 3126: 3122: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3090: 3088: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3078:4-dimensional 3075: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3053: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2988:Centered cube 2986: 2984: 2981: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2966:3-dimensional 2963: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2896: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2832:2-dimensional 2829: 2825: 2821: 2816: 2812: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2776:Nonhypotenuse 2774: 2773: 2770: 2763: 2759: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2725: 2722: 2715: 2711: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2662: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2611: 2608: 2601: 2597: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2550: 2545: 2539: 2535: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2514:Perfect power 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2504:Seventh power 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2427: 2422: 2420: 2415: 2413: 2408: 2407: 2404: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2330:Polydivisible 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2259: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2232:Superabundant 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2202: 2201:ErdƑs–Nicolas 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2110:Perfect power 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2007: 2002: 2000: 1995: 1993: 1988: 1987: 1984: 1978: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1935: 1932: 1928: 1925: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1910:(OEIS) lists 1909: 1899: 1898: 1893: 1890: 1885: 1884: 1880: 1875: 1874: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1847: 1831: 1824: 1817: 1814: 1809: 1802: 1799: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1769: 1762: 1759: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1738: 1735: 1729: 1722: 1719: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1668: 1665: 1660: 1659: 1653: 1649: 1643: 1640: 1629: 1625: 1619: 1616: 1605: 1601: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1586: 1580: 1576: 1570: 1567: 1562: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1526: 1523: 1512: 1508: 1501: 1498: 1486: 1485:GeeksforGeeks 1482: 1476: 1473: 1467: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1435: 1433: 1414: 1410: 1395: 1384: 1381: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1347:Note the set 1345: 1340: 1333: 1304: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1271: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1213: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1162: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1134: 1130: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1095: 1091: 1083: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1052: 1048: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1036: 1018: 1014: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 978: 976: 959: 953: 933: 911: 907: 903: 899: 878: 858: 836: 832: 809: 805: 784: 762: 758: 735: 731: 725: 721: 717: 714: 705: 703: 699: 695: 690: 688: 669: 663: 639: 633: 630: 627: 623: 618: 614: 611: 605: 599: 596: 593: 590: 584: 581: 578: 565: 564: 563: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 536: 522: 515: 496: 490: 467: 461: 458: 455: 450: 447: 444: 436: 433: 430: 426: 419: 413: 407: 403: 398: 392: 389: 386: 373: 372: 371: 354: 351: 348: 334: 329: 327: 323: 304: 301: 298: 280: 278: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 259:cryptanalysis 255: 253: 249: 248:Limit (music) 245: 241: 237: 232: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 206: 204: 190: 182: 178: 145: 143: 139: 135: 131: 130: 124: 122: 118: 114: 106: 105:prime factors 102: 94: 91: 83: 81: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 58:prime factors 55: 51: 47: 45: 40: 38: 33: 32:number theory 19: 4058:Transposable 3922:Narcissistic 3829:Digital root 3749:Super-Poulet 3733: 3709:Jordan–PĂłlya 3658:prime factor 3563:Noncototient 3530:Almost prime 3512:Superperfect 3487:Refactorable 3482:Quasiperfect 3457:Hyperperfect 3298:Pseudoprimes 3269:Wall–Sun–Sun 3204:Ordered Bell 3174:Fuss–Catalan 3086:non-centered 3036:Dodecahedral 3013:non-centered 2899:non-centered 2801:Wolstenholme 2546:× 2 ± 1 2543: 2542:Of the form 2509:Eighth power 2489:Fourth power 2391:Superperfect 2386:Refactorable 2181:Superperfect 2176:Hyperperfect 2161:Quasiperfect 2119: 2045:Prime factor 1915: 1911: 1905: 1895: 1872: 1868:A. Granville 1854: 1848:Bibliography 1834:. Retrieved 1829: 1816: 1807: 1801: 1788:. Retrieved 1774: 1761: 1747: 1737: 1728:Music Review 1727: 1721: 1683:(3): 79–86, 1680: 1676: 1673:Aaboe, Asger 1667: 1655: 1642: 1631:. Retrieved 1627: 1618: 1607:. Retrieved 1603: 1594: 1582: 1569: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1525: 1514:. Retrieved 1510: 1500: 1489:. Retrieved 1487:. 2018-02-12 1484: 1475: 1452:Round number 1447:Rough number 1373:homomorphism 1348: 1346: 1338: 1331: 1302: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1276: 1274: 1269: 1257: 1249: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1211: 1205: 1204:-smooth and 1201: 1200: 1188:” (sequence 1185: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1163: 1081: 1079: 1034: 1004: 1001:ultrafriable 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 982: 797:-smooth and 706: 701: 693: 691: 655: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 537: 482: 332: 330: 325: 321: 284: 281:Distribution 256: 244:music theory 234:5-smooth or 233: 224: 220: 210: 207:Applications 146: 137: 133: 128: 125: 120: 116: 112: 100: 87: 70:cryptography 61: 49: 43: 42: 36: 35: 29: 4079:Extravagant 4074:Equidigital 4029:permutation 3988:Palindromic 3962:Automorphic 3860:Sum-product 3839:Sum-product 3794:Persistence 3689:ErdƑs–Woods 3611:Untouchable 3492:Semiperfect 3442:Hemiperfect 3103:Tesseractic 3041:Icosahedral 3021:Tetrahedral 2952:Dodecagonal 2653:Recursively 2524:Prime power 2499:Sixth power 2494:Fifth power 2474:Power of 10 2432:Classes of 2315:Extravagant 2310:Equidigital 2271:Untouchable 2191:Semiperfect 2171:Hemiperfect 2100:Square-free 1830:math.vt.edu 1357:factor base 993:powersmooth 554:: that is, 74:powers of 2 4340:Categories 4291:Graphemics 4164:Pernicious 4018:Undulating 3993:Pandigital 3967:Trimorphic 3568:Nontotient 3417:Arithmetic 3031:Octahedral 2932:Heptagonal 2922:Pentagonal 2907:Triangular 2748:SierpiƄski 2670:Jacobsthal 2469:Power of 3 2464:Power of 2 2351:Arithmetic 2344:Other sets 2303:-dependent 1808:IWSEC 2015 1633:2019-12-12 1609:2019-12-12 1604:w3resource 1516:2019-12-12 1491:2019-12-12 1275:Moreover, 1210:Pollard's 987:is called 698:almost all 95:is called 84:Definition 4048:Parasitic 3897:Factorion 3824:Digit sum 3816:Digit sum 3634:Fortunate 3621:Primorial 3535:Semiprime 3472:Practical 3437:Descartes 3432:Deficient 3422:Betrothed 3264:Wieferich 3093:Pentatope 3056:pyramidal 2947:Decagonal 2942:Nonagonal 2937:Octagonal 2927:Hexagonal 2786:Practical 2733:Congruent 2665:Fibonacci 2629:Loeschian 2381:Descartes 2356:Deficient 2291:Betrothed 2196:Practical 2085:Semiprime 2080:Composite 1897:MathWorld 1784:0810.2067 1713:164195082 1402:→ 1396:θ 1382:ϕ 1146:≰ 1107:≰ 1058:≤ 1053:ν 1037:satisfy: 1033:dividing 1019:ν 983:Further, 954:ρ 704:-smooth. 664:ρ 631:⁡ 600:ρ 597:⋅ 573:Ψ 562:. Then, 491:π 459:⁡ 448:⁡ 434:≤ 427:∏ 408:π 399:∼ 381:Ψ 343:Ψ 293:Ψ 4120:Friedman 4053:Primeval 3998:Repdigit 3955:-related 3902:Kaprekar 3876:Meertens 3799:Additive 3786:dynamics 3694:Friendly 3606:Sociable 3596:Amicable 3407:Abundant 3387:dynamics 3209:Schröder 3199:Narayana 3169:Eulerian 3159:Delannoy 3154:Dedekind 2975:centered 2841:centered 2728:Amenable 2685:Narayana 2675:Leonardo 2571:Mersenne 2519:Powerful 2459:Achilles 2366:Solitary 2361:Friendly 2286:Sociable 2276:Amicable 2264:-related 2217:Abundant 2115:Achilles 2105:Powerful 2018:Overview 1954:(etc...) 1745:(1981), 1436:See also 1363:and the 1260:-smooth 692:For any 512:denotes 187:-smooth 90:positive 46:-friable 4293:related 4257:related 4221:related 4219:Sorting 4104:Vampire 4089:Harshad 4031:related 4003:Repunit 3917:Lychrel 3892:Dudeney 3744:StĂžrmer 3739:Sphenic 3724:Regular 3662:divisor 3601:Perfect 3497:Sublime 3467:Perfect 3194:Motzkin 3149:Catalan 2690:Padovan 2624:Leyland 2619:Idoneal 2614:Hilbert 2586:Woodall 2371:Sublime 2325:Harshad 2151:Perfect 2135:Unusual 2125:Regular 2095:Sphenic 2030:Divisor 1977:A080683 1971:A080682 1965:A080681 1959:A080197 1952:A051038 1945:A002473 1938:A051037 1931:A003586 1924:A000079 1836:26 July 1790:26 July 1705:0191779 1697:1359089 1650:(ed.). 1577:(ed.). 1194:in the 1191:A003418 1164:Unlike 685:is the 93:integer 54:integer 39:-smooth 4159:Odious 4084:Frugal 4038:Cyclic 4027:Digit- 3734:Smooth 3719:Pronic 3679:Cyclic 3656:Other 3629:Euclid 3279:Wilson 3253:Primes 2912:Square 2781:Polite 2743:Riesel 2738:Knödel 2700:Perrin 2581:Thabit 2566:Fermat 2556:Cullen 2479:Square 2447:Powers 2320:Frugal 2280:Triple 2120:Smooth 2090:Pronic 1947:(2357) 1861:  1711:  1703:  1695:  1557:  1353:subset 1254:groups 1252:)—for 1005:powers 750:where 656:where 483:where 191:it is 179:, but 101:smooth 56:whose 52:is an 50:number 4200:Prime 4195:Lucky 4184:sieve 4113:Other 4099:Smith 3979:Digit 3937:Happy 3912:Keith 3885:Other 3729:Rough 3699:Giuga 3164:Euler 3026:Cubic 2680:Lucas 2576:Proth 2335:Smith 2252:Weird 2130:Rough 2075:Prime 1940:(235) 1826:(PDF) 1779:arXiv 1771:(PDF) 1752:(PDF) 1709:S2CID 1693:JSTOR 1262:order 246:(see 177:prime 34:, an 4154:Evil 3834:Self 3784:and 3674:Blum 3385:and 3189:Lobb 3144:Cake 3139:Bell 2889:Star 2796:Ulam 2695:Pell 2484:Cube 2301:Base 1933:(23) 1906:The 1859:ISBN 1838:2017 1792:2017 1656:The 1583:The 1555:ISBN 1541:)". 1230:n. A 1216:and 1196:OEIS 1122:and 1082:e.g. 995:(or 285:Let 119:and 41:(or 4272:Ban 3660:or 3179:Lah 1926:(2) 1918:s: 1685:doi 1547:doi 1359:of 1281:set 1256:of 1218:ECM 777:is 707:If 628:log 542:as 456:log 445:log 271:VSH 231:.) 175:is 30:In 4342:: 1894:. 1870:, 1828:. 1777:. 1773:. 1707:, 1701:MR 1699:, 1691:, 1681:19 1679:, 1654:. 1626:. 1602:. 1581:. 1553:. 1535:GF 1509:. 1483:. 1432:. 1344:. 1264:. 1232:s 1143:16 975:. 696:, 689:. 535:. 370:: 277:. 254:. 203:. 167:≄ 144:. 115:, 88:A 80:. 48:) 2544:a 2425:e 2418:t 2411:v 2282:) 2278:( 2005:e 1998:t 1991:v 1916:B 1912:B 1900:. 1840:. 1810:. 1796:f 1794:. 1781:: 1756:. 1732:. 1716:. 1687:: 1636:. 1612:. 1563:. 1549:: 1539:q 1537:( 1519:. 1494:. 1419:Z 1415:n 1411:/ 1406:Z 1399:] 1393:[ 1389:Z 1385:: 1349:A 1342:3 1339:A 1335:3 1332:A 1317:Z 1306:2 1303:A 1299:1 1296:A 1292:A 1288:m 1284:A 1277:m 1270:A 1258:n 1250:n 1248:( 1246:O 1234:n 1226:n 1222:n 1212:p 1206:n 1202:n 1186:n 1178:n 1174:n 1170:n 1166:n 1149:5 1140:= 1135:4 1131:2 1110:5 1104:9 1101:= 1096:2 1092:3 1064:. 1061:n 1049:p 1035:m 1015:p 999:- 997:n 991:- 989:n 985:m 963:) 960:u 957:( 934:x 912:u 908:/ 904:1 900:x 879:n 859:B 837:1 833:n 810:2 806:n 785:B 763:1 759:n 736:2 732:n 726:1 722:n 718:= 715:n 702:k 694:k 673:) 670:u 667:( 640:) 634:y 624:x 619:( 615:O 612:+ 609:) 606:u 603:( 594:x 591:= 588:) 585:y 582:, 579:x 576:( 560:y 556:x 552:y 548:x 544:u 540:u 523:B 500:) 497:B 494:( 468:. 462:p 451:x 437:B 431:p 420:! 417:) 414:B 411:( 404:1 396:) 393:B 390:, 387:x 384:( 358:) 355:B 352:, 349:x 346:( 333:B 326:x 322:y 308:) 305:y 302:, 299:x 296:( 225:B 221:n 201:B 197:p 193:p 185:B 173:B 169:p 165:B 161:B 157:p 153:B 149:B 121:c 117:b 113:a 109:B 99:- 97:B 62:n 44:n 37:n 20:)

Index

Friable number
number theory
integer
prime factors
Leonard Adleman
cryptography
powers of 2
regular numbers
positive
integer
prime factors
regular numbers
highly composite numbers
prime
composite numbers
if and only if
fast Fourier transform
Cooley–Tukey FFT algorithm
Bluestein's FFT algorithm
regular numbers
Babylonian mathematics
music theory
Limit (music)
functional programming
cryptanalysis
integer factorization
General number field sieve
VSH
provably secure design
the number of primes less than or equal to

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