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research institutes and industrial laboratories. It introduced uniform electrical units for
Germany and also played a significant role in their international usage. In the period to 1905, there were many examples of the importance of the PTR for German industry, in particular for the high technologies of the time – the electrical, optical and mechanical industries.
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548:, all trained with methods and equipment of Kohlrauschian lineage. Moreover, because Kohlrausch also continued to test and confirm the Ionist theory after it had been first proposed, his work tied "measuring physics" and its consequent capability of producing plenty of empirical data to the results and methods of the Ionists and their devotees.
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and
Siemens, Kohlrausch also saw the possibilities inherent in applied and basic research in the natural sciences and technology. He lay the foundations for scientific knowledge which promoted and advanced industry and technology. The PTR developed standardized precision instruments for university
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Kohlrausch was intent on creating optimum working conditions in the laboratories and to shield the labs from unwanted external influences. For six years, for instance, he fought against a streetcar line which was due to be laid near the PTR. However, before the streetcar was to make its first
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Over the years, Kohlrausch added experiments which met the needs of physical chemistry and electrical technology in particular. He improved precision measuring instruments and developed numerous measuring methods in almost all of the fields of physics known during his lifetime, including a
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and devised new measuring techniques to examine electrolytic conduction in solutions. He concluded the setup of the PTR, a task which had not yet been completed on the death of its first president. He introduced fixed regulations, work schedules and working hours for the
Institute.
713:. It contained not only descriptions of experiments, experimental setups and measuring techniques, but also tables of physical quantities. It was issued in many editions (the 9th enlarged and revised edition of 1901 being entitled
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Kohlrausch was an important researcher of electrochemistry for many reasons. First, the experiments from which he deduced his law of independent migration of ions became canonical and disseminated from
Kohlrausch's laboratories in
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no matter what combination of ions are in solution, and therefore that a solution's electrical resistance is due only to the migrating ions of a given substances. Kohlrausch showed for weak (incompletely dissociated)
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Overall, Kohlrausch was involved in the measurement of electrical, magnetic and electrochemical phenomena for almost 50 years. In 1905 Kohlrausch retired from his post as
President of the PTR.
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736:. This is attributable, above all, to the detailed descriptions provided of the measuring methods that form the basis of technical and experimental applications in many fields in physics.
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Nowadays, Friedrich
Kohlrausch is classed as one of the most important experimental physicists. His early work helped to extend the absolute system of
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as
President of the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt (PTR – Imperial Physical Technical Institute), an office which he held until 1905.
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Under direction of
Kohlrausch, the PTR created numerous standards and calibration standards which were also used internationally outside
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has a definite and constant amount of electrical resistance. By observing the dependence of conductivity upon
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in 1894, but from 1900 he was also a professor there. He was elected an
International Honorary Member of the
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Here, as in the past, his activities were focused on experimental and instrumental physics: he constructed
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and Rubens meant that precision electrical and magnetic work continued to be possible.
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gas evolution, or metal deposition); this enabled him to obtain very precise results.
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417:, Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Kohlrausch was born on October 14, 1840, in
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and contributed to knowledge of their behaviour. He also investigated
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and solutions of other materials. His efforts resulted in the
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journey, the institute succeeded in developing an astatic
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449:, Kohlrausch was appointed a professor of physics at the
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Biographical sketch and reprint of paper on conductivity
774:(in German). Leipzig: Benedictus Gotthelf Teubner. 1898.
764:(in German). Leipzig: Benedictus Gotthelf Teubner. 1892.
453:(1866–70). During 1870 Kohlrausch became a professor at
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Ueber den absoluten Leitungswiderstand des Quecksilbers
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Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
732:, is standard reading for physicists and engineers in
728:(Practical Physics), which originated in Kohlrausch's
717:; a more elementary work based on it being entitled
564:, he could determine the transfer velocities of the
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to include electrical and magnetic measuring units.
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to prevent the formation of electrolysis products (
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1049:Academic staff of Technische Universität Darmstadt
568:(charged atoms or molecules) in solution. He used
433:, Friedrich Kohlrausch completed his doctorate in
612:that the more dilute a solution, the greater its
361:(14 October 1840 – 17 January 1910) was a German
1064:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
16:German physicist and electrochemist (1840–1910)
1069:Recipients of the Pour le MĂ©rite (civil class)
1059:Academic staff of the University of Strasbourg
137:Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Kohlrausch (1840–1910)
1074:Members of the American Philosophical Society
1039:Academic staff of the University of Göttingen
8:
1054:Academic staff of the University of WĂĽrzburg
1009:Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
472:In 1875, he responded to an offer from the
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
719:Kleiner Leitfaden der praktischen Physik
601:law of the independent migration of ions
591:From 1875 to 1879, he examined numerous
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503:in 1901. He was elected a member of the
1029:University of Erlangen-Nuremberg alumni
871:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
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445:After a two-year work as a lecturer in
389:and electrical precision measurements.
955:Works by or about Friedrich Kohlrausch
693:on 17 January 1910 at the age of 69.
658:which was uninfluenced by disturbing
497:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
58:"Friedrich Kohlrausch" physicist
7:
999:Foreign members of the Royal Society
867:"Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Kohlrausch"
624:Measuring techniques and instruments
552:Electrolyte conductivity in solution
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1019:German scientific instrument makers
1014:People from the Electorate of Hesse
507:during 1902. He was elected to the
739:Kohlrausch was also the author of
487:He refused a professorship at the
463:Darmstadt University of Technology
461:. One year later, he moved to the
359:Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Kohlrausch
14:
749:, and other scientific journals.
505:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
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796:"Obituary: Friedrich Kohlrausch"
761:Leitfaden der praktischen Physik
730:Leitfaden der praktischen Physik
707:Leitfaden der praktischen Physik
556:In 1874 he demonstrated that an
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715:Lehrbuch der praktischen Physik
34:needs additional citations for
1034:University of Göttingen alumni
989:19th-century German physicists
835:New International Encyclopedia
509:American Philosophical Society
1:
847:Mathematics Genealogy Project
829:"Kohlrausch, Friedrich"
746:Annalen der Physik und Chemie
689:Friedrich Kohlrausch died in
1044:Academic staff of ETH Zurich
1024:University of Marburg alumni
771:Leitvermögen der Elektrolyte
542:Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
501:National Academy of Sciences
425:. After studying physics at
263:University of Frankfurt/Main
319:Other notable students
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724:To this day, the textbook
628:During 1895 he succeeded
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820:10.1002/andp.19103360302
703:University of Göttingen
616:due to increased ionic
451:University of Göttingen
267:University of Göttingen
202:University of Göttingen
892:"Friedrich Kohlrausch"
674:reflectivity meter, a
660:electromagnetic fields
474:University of WĂĽrzburg
279:University of WĂĽrzburg
198:University of Erlangen
630:Hermann von Helmholtz
482:Strasbourg University
365:who investigated the
283:Strasbourg University
951:at Wikimedia Commons
949:Friedrich Kohlrausch
920:search.amphilsoc.org
916:"APS Member History"
843:Friedrich Kohlrausch
676:tangent galvanometer
394:Carl Friedrich Gauss
347:, and the nephew of
345:Friedrich Kohlrausch
299:Wilhelm Eduard Weber
275:Darmstadt University
212:Work on electrolytes
125:Friedrich Kohlrausch
43:improve this article
984:People from Rinteln
812:1910AnP...336..449W
570:alternating current
489:Humboldt University
287:Humboldt University
800:Annalen der Physik
614:molar conductivity
605:molar conductivity
383:thermal conduction
343:, the grandson of
339:He was the son of
947:Media related to
896:www.nasonline.org
726:Praktische Physik
415:Rudolf Kohlrausch
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341:Rudolf Kohlrausch
305:Doctoral students
243:Scientific career
220:Kohlrausch bridge
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610:electrolytes
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259:Institutions
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170:(1910-01-17)
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99:October 2013
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
979:1910 deaths
974:1840 births
637:instruments
595:solutions,
558:electrolyte
459:Switzerland
385:as well as
184:Nationality
968:Categories
925:2023-12-14
901:2023-12-14
877:2023-12-14
853:References
455:ETH Zurich
375:elasticity
367:conductive
271:ETH Zurich
149:1840-10-14
69:newspapers
680:Helmholtz
530:Darmstadt
522:Göttingen
511:in 1909.
447:Frankfurt
435:Göttingen
431:Göttingen
409:Education
404:Biography
363:physicist
253:Physicist
794:(1910).
697:Writings
562:dilution
441:Teaching
427:Erlangen
387:magnetic
235:ForMemRS
957:at the
845:at the
838:. 1905.
808:Bibcode
734:Germany
711:Germany
701:In the
691:Marburg
668:du Bois
653:torsion
645:Germany
546:Ionists
478:Germany
467:Germany
423:Germany
419:Rinteln
413:Son of
177:Marburg
157:Rinteln
83:scholar
528:, and
526:ZĂĽrich
493:Berlin
381:, and
249:Fields
237:(1895)
232:(1896)
226:Awards
188:German
85:
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71:
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56:
597:acids
333:Notes
90:JSTOR
76:books
593:salt
581:and
566:ions
540:and
429:and
396:and
164:Died
143:Born
62:news
816:doi
804:336
491:in
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