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Frome Hoard

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contents could be excavated in controlled, laboratory conditions—the decision was taken to excavate the coins in the field. The coins were removed in layers, by which method it was hoped to determine if there was any chronological pattern in the deposition of the coins; that is, whether the earliest coins were at the bottom and latest coins at the top. The coins were collected in 66 labelled bags, and in total weighed approximately 160 kg (350 lb). Graham excavated and recorded the finds, and the others bagged the coins as Graham lifted them out.
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Most Roman coin hoards are traditionally believed to have been buried by their owners for safe-keeping, with the intention of being eventually recovered, but Sam Moorhead of the Portable Antiquities Scheme suggests that in this case the pot was so large and fragile that it could not have been easily
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The hoard was discovered on 11 April 2010 while Crisp was metal detecting in a field near Frome where he had previously found late Roman silver coins. The late Roman coins, eventually totalling 62, were probably the remnants of a scattered hoard, 111 of which had been found on the same farm in 1867.
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long before its discovery in 2010. He then excavated the pot itself. Due to the weight of the contents, the need for speedy excavation due to security concerns and the difficulty in lifting the broken pot with the contents still inside—which would be the preferred archaeological method, so that the
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Given the weight of the coins and the relatively thin walls of the pot, it is thought that it would not have been possible to carry the filled pot to the site: the pot would probably have been buried in the ground first, then the coins were poured in before it was sealed and covered over.
873:, a museum may purchase the hoard at an officially-determined price, with half of the proceeds going to the finder and half to the landowner. Somerset County Council Heritage Service indicated that it wished to acquire the hoard, and to put the coins on display in the new 272:
bowl had been inverted over the mouth of the larger pot, to form a lid. First he excavated the pit fill around the exterior of the pot, identifying organic matter which might represent packing material to protect it, and determined that the pot had been broken
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on 8 July 2010 for a press photocall, and the entire hoard was subsequently displayed at the British Museum between 15 July and 31 August 2010. Some of the coins were exhibited at Frome Library on 22 July 2010, and again on 23 October 2010.
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Of the 52,503 coins found, 44,245 have been identified, and the remainder are classified provisionally as "illegible" until cleaning and conservation has been completed. Of the identifiable coins, 14,788 were minted under the central
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coin, and the top of a small pot. Realising that this must be an intact coin hoard he stopped digging and filled in the hole he had made. In 22 years of detecting Crisp had never made such a significant find.
892:. The Art Fund itself provided an initial £40,250, while the British Museum donated 50p for each copy sold of its book on the hoard (see Further Reading, below). Ultimately, with the help of a grant from the 233:
Section drawing of the pot in situ, showing the pit in which the pot was placed, the smaller pot used to form a lid over the mouth of the larger pot, the organic matter and the small hole dug by Crisp.
1860: 250:, that he had found the hoard of coins. On 22 April Hinds, together with Anna Booth (Finds Liaison Officer for Somerset) and Alan Graham—an independent archaeologist contracted by 1547: 297:
On 26 April, Sam Moorhead, Finds Advisor for Iron Age and Roman coins at the British Museum, and Roger Bland, Head of the Department of Portable Antiquities and Treasure at the
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silver or bronze. The hoard is one of the largest ever found in Britain, and is also important as it contains the largest group ever found of coins issued during the reign of
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Graham initially excavated a 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) trench around the small hole that Crisp had dug, and identified the pit in which the pot had been deposited. A small
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Whilst searching for more coins from the scattered hoard he received what he called a "funny signal" and on digging down about 35 cm (14 in) he found a small
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from the Hoard, showing two clasped hands (symbolising the unity of the ruler and the army), alongside the abbreviation 'RSR'. This alludes to a line from
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washed and dried all the coins in order to stabilise them, but did not perform a full conservation, which would have cost an additional £35,000.
301:, drove to Frome to collect the excavated coins, and drove them back to the British Museum in London. Over the next six weeks Metals Conservator 1827: 1600: 1377: 1403: 1907: 1211: 1937: 1699: 1439: 1301: 1341: 286: 1517: 1257: 982:
The Portable Antiquities Scheme blog states that there were 12 layers, but the section drawing of the pot shows only 10 layers.
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issued by Carausius, which were the only type of silver coin to be struck anywhere in the Roman Empire at that time.
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The coins comprise 67 separate types, and date from the period 253 to 305. The vast majority of coins are made from
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team was contracted to investigate the area around the hoard but failed to find any evidence of settlement.
251: 1853: 729: 568: 229: 1942: 269: 1886: 934: 1788: 946: 897: 874: 400: 262: 181: 135: 313: 1848: 1823: 1742: 1596: 1567: 1496: 1455: 1419: 1357: 1321: 1277: 1231: 1038: 870: 536: 471: 455: 438: 369:, as shown in the table below. About 5% of the coins identified so far are from the period of 1861:"Ahead of his time: Carausius was a pirate, a rebel and the first ruler of a unified Britain" 1593:
Interpreting Deposits: linking ritual with economy : papers on Mediterranean archaeology
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Dave Crisp at Frome Library on 22 July 2010, holding a tray of coins from his find
1588: 1159: 793: 777: 761: 745: 665: 487: 169: 1156:"The Frome Hoard – The largest pot of Roman coins ever found in Britain" 1061: 107: 94: 1881: 1184: 866: 822: 713: 552: 421: 404: 370: 366: 318: 247: 214: 173: 1185:"Roman hoard of coins, The Romans, Series 1, Digging for Britain - BBC Two" 257: 1483:. Portable Antiquities Scheme. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012 1406:. Portable Antiquities Schene. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012 1442:. Portable Antiquities Schene. Archived from the original on 12 July 2010 1344:. Portable Antiquities Schene. Archived from the original on 12 July 2010 889: 697: 681: 649: 503: 374: 330: 322: 165: 85: 373:, who ruled Britain from 286 to 293, and the hoard includes five silver 1891: 929: 901: 878: 845:
recovered without breaking it, and so the hoard may represent communal
633: 185: 346: 342: 326: 176:(who ruled Britain independently from 286 to 293, and was the first 861:
was held on 22 July 2010. The inquest declared that the coins were
911: 600: 584: 312: 256: 228: 204: 161: 149: 81: 1548:"Metal-detectorist finds largest pot of Roman coins from Britain" 1700:"Somerset and Edinburgh Museums to keep archaeological treasure" 1065: 192:(NHMF), acquired the hoard in 2011 for a value of £320,250. 920:
A selection of the coins were initially on display at the
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at £320,250, and a public appeal was launched by the
1763:"Coin hoard goes on public display at Frome Library" 1620:"Coroner decides Frome Roman coin hoard is treasure" 1789:"Frome Hoard goes on display at Museum of Somerset" 1595:. Caecvlvs IV. Peeters Publishers. pp. 81–98. 131: 123: 74: 64: 56: 48: 40: 23: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1116:"£320,250 needed to save Frome Hoard for Somerset" 1818:Moorhead, Sam; Booth, Anna; Bland, Roger (2010). 1614: 1612: 1554:. Archived from the original on 20 September 2011 1747:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1572:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1501:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1460:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1424:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1362:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1326:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1282:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1236:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1110: 1108: 1091:"Frome Hoard of Roman coins to stay in Somerset" 1043:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 896:, including £105,000 for conservation work, the 1518:"Roman coin hoard found, the weight of two men" 1025:. Archived from the original on 24 October 2011 945:The hoard was put on permanent display at the 1854:Time lapse video of the excavation of the pot 1380:. Portable Antiquities Schene. Archived from 884:In October 2010, the hoard was valued by the 242:On 15 April, Crisp notified Katie Hinds, the 8: 1844:Portable Antiquities Scheme: The Frome Hoard 1729:. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012 1308:. Archived from the original on 12 July 2010 1264:. Archived from the original on 12 July 2010 1218:. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011 1727:"Frome coins on display and a gallery talk" 1158:. British Museum Book club. Archived from 1149: 1147: 1145: 1143: 1141: 20: 16:Hoard of Roman coins found in Somerset, UK 357:, 28,377 were minted under the breakaway 1541: 1539: 1295: 1293: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1085: 1083: 995: 975: 949:when it reopened on 29 September 2011. 1740: 1648:. Somerset County Gazette. 8 July 2010 1589:"Interpretations of Roman Coin Hoards" 1565: 1494: 1453: 1417: 1355: 1319: 1275: 1229: 1179: 1177: 1036: 1849:Pictures of the Frome Hoard on Flickr 1674:"Roman coin hoard valued at £320,250" 1056: 1054: 1013: 1011: 1009: 1007: 1005: 1003: 1001: 999: 7: 285:After the hoard had been lifted, an 1154:Moorhead, Sam (30 September 2010). 1062:"Huge Roman coin find for hobbyist" 928:The find was included as part of a 337:or "The Golden Ages have returned". 869:. However, under the terms of the 14: 1672:Kennedy, Maev (17 October 2010). 1122:. 17 October 2010. Archived from 180:to strike coins in Britain). The 1933:Metal detecting finds in England 1913:Treasure troves of Roman Britain 1646:"Hoard of Roman coins unearthed" 361:, and 766 were minted under the 29: 1928:2010 archaeological discoveries 1698:Kennedy, Maev (21 March 2011). 959:List of hoards in Great Britain 894:National Heritage Memorial Fund 345:, but five are made from solid 190:National Heritage Memorial Fund 1894:, broadcast 16 September 2010. 1859:Clayson, Alan (30 July 2010). 1516:Adams, Stephen (8 July 2010). 1: 1725:Booth, Anna (15 July 2010). 1210:Hinds, Katie (8 July 1010). 904:acquired the hoard in 2011. 886:Treasure Valuation Committee 1552:Portable Antiquities Scheme 1546:Booth, Anna (8 July 1010). 1306:Portable Antiquities Scheme 1300:Booth, Anna (8 July 1010). 1262:Portable Antiquities Scheme 1256:Booth, Anna (8 July 1010). 1216:Portable Antiquities Scheme 1120:Portable Antiquities Scheme 1023:Portable Antiquities Scheme 881:when it re-opened in 2011. 244:Portable Antiquities Scheme 1959: 1908:Treasure troves in England 1591:. In A. J. Nijboer (ed.). 859:coroner's treasure inquest 246:Finds Liaison Officer for 1938:Hoards from Roman Britain 1587:Galestin, Marjan (2001). 287:archaeological geophysics 188:, using a grant from the 28: 1822:. British Museum Press. 865:, and hence property of 196:Discovery and excavation 156:found in April 2010, by 1302:"Anna – Day three" 261:The Frome Hoard at the 252:Somerset County Council 44:Silver and bronze coins 932:television programme, 917: 338: 335:Redeunt Saturnia Regna 265: 234: 217: 1258:"Anna – Day one" 915: 853:Inquest and valuation 316: 260: 232: 208: 1882:Roman hoard of coins 1093:. BBC. 21 March 2011 270:black-burnished ware 35:Coins from the hoard 1918:History of Somerset 1887:Digging for Britain 1795:. 29 September 2011 1440:"Katie - Day three" 1191:. 16 September 2010 1126:on 22 November 2010 935:Digging for Britain 441:(wife of Gallienus) 382: 104: /  947:Museum of Somerset 918: 898:Museum of Somerset 875:Museum of Somerset 522:(wife of Aurelian) 380: 339: 266: 263:Museum of Somerset 235: 218: 215:Carausius Adventus 182:Museum of Somerset 138:, Taunton, England 136:Museum of Somerset 1829:978-0-7141-2334-9 1602:978-90-367-1297-2 1378:"Katie - Day two" 1342:"Katie - Day one" 1019:"The Frome Hoard" 871:1996 Treasure Act 837: 836: 158:metal detectorist 142: 141: 60:early 4th century 1950: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1833: 1805: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1785: 1779: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1759: 1753: 1752: 1746: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1722: 1716: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1695: 1689: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1669: 1658: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1642: 1636: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1616: 1607: 1606: 1584: 1578: 1577: 1571: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1543: 1534: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1513: 1507: 1506: 1500: 1492: 1490: 1488: 1472: 1466: 1465: 1459: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1436: 1430: 1429: 1423: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1404:"Anna - Day two" 1400: 1394: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1361: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1338: 1332: 1331: 1325: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1297: 1288: 1287: 1281: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1253: 1242: 1241: 1235: 1227: 1225: 1223: 1207: 1201: 1200: 1198: 1196: 1181: 1172: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1151: 1136: 1135: 1133: 1131: 1112: 1103: 1102: 1100: 1098: 1087: 1078: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1058: 1049: 1048: 1042: 1034: 1032: 1030: 1015: 983: 980: 942:in August 2010. 847:votive offerings 762:Divus Victorinus 383: 363:Britannic Empire 309:Items discovered 160:Dave Crisp near 132:Present location 119: 118: 116: 115: 114: 109: 108:51.228°N 2.282°W 105: 102: 101: 100: 97: 33: 21: 1958: 1957: 1953: 1952: 1951: 1949: 1948: 1947: 1898: 1897: 1872: 1870: 1866:The Independent 1858: 1840: 1830: 1820:The Frome Hoard 1817: 1814: 1812:Further reading 1809: 1808: 1798: 1796: 1787: 1786: 1782: 1772: 1770: 1761: 1760: 1756: 1739: 1732: 1730: 1724: 1723: 1719: 1709: 1707: 1697: 1696: 1692: 1682: 1680: 1671: 1670: 1661: 1651: 1649: 1644: 1643: 1639: 1629: 1627: 1618: 1617: 1610: 1603: 1586: 1585: 1581: 1564: 1557: 1555: 1545: 1544: 1537: 1527: 1525: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1493: 1486: 1484: 1481:The Frome Hoard 1474: 1473: 1469: 1452: 1445: 1443: 1438: 1437: 1433: 1416: 1409: 1407: 1402: 1401: 1397: 1387: 1385: 1384:on 12 July 2010 1376: 1375: 1371: 1354: 1347: 1345: 1340: 1339: 1335: 1318: 1311: 1309: 1299: 1298: 1291: 1274: 1267: 1265: 1255: 1254: 1245: 1228: 1221: 1219: 1212:"The phonecall" 1209: 1208: 1204: 1194: 1192: 1183: 1182: 1175: 1165: 1163: 1162:on 25 July 2011 1153: 1152: 1139: 1129: 1127: 1114: 1113: 1106: 1096: 1094: 1089: 1088: 1081: 1071: 1069: 1060: 1059: 1052: 1035: 1028: 1026: 1017: 1016: 997: 992: 987: 986: 981: 977: 972: 955: 938:, presented by 910: 855: 842: 833:British Empire 692:Central Empire 676:Central Empire 660:Central Empire 644:Central Empire 628:Central Empire 619:(wife of Carus) 611:Central Empire 595:Central Empire 579:Central Empire 563:Central Empire 547:Central Empire 531:Central Empire 514:Central Empire 498:Central Empire 482:Central Empire 466:Central Empire 450:Central Empire 433:Central Empire 416:Central Empire 392:Number of coins 381:Table of coins 311: 295: 240: 203: 198: 112: 110: 106: 103: 98: 95: 93: 91: 90: 89: 79: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1956: 1954: 1946: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1900: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1879: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1839: 1838:External links 1836: 1835: 1834: 1828: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1780: 1769:. 15 July 2010 1754: 1717: 1690: 1678:guardian.co.uk 1659: 1637: 1626:. 22 July 2010 1608: 1601: 1579: 1535: 1508: 1467: 1431: 1395: 1369: 1333: 1289: 1243: 1202: 1173: 1137: 1104: 1079: 1050: 994: 993: 991: 988: 985: 984: 974: 973: 971: 968: 967: 966: 964:Roman currency 961: 954: 951: 922:British Museum 909: 906: 854: 851: 841: 838: 835: 834: 831: 828: 825: 819: 818: 817:Gallic Empire 815: 812: 810: 806: 805: 804:Gallic Empire 802: 799: 796: 790: 789: 788:Gallic Empire 786: 783: 780: 774: 773: 772:Gallic Empire 770: 767: 764: 758: 757: 756:Gallic Empire 754: 751: 748: 742: 741: 740:Gallic Empire 738: 735: 732: 726: 725: 724:Gallic Empire 722: 719: 716: 710: 709: 708:Gallic Empire 706: 703: 700: 694: 693: 690: 687: 684: 678: 677: 674: 671: 668: 662: 661: 658: 655: 652: 646: 645: 642: 639: 636: 630: 629: 626: 623: 620: 613: 612: 609: 606: 603: 597: 596: 593: 590: 587: 581: 580: 577: 574: 571: 565: 564: 561: 558: 555: 549: 548: 545: 542: 539: 533: 532: 529: 526: 523: 516: 515: 512: 509: 506: 500: 499: 496: 493: 490: 484: 483: 480: 477: 474: 472:Divus Claudius 468: 467: 464: 461: 458: 452: 451: 448: 445: 442: 435: 434: 431: 428: 425: 418: 417: 414: 411: 408: 397: 396: 393: 390: 387: 310: 307: 299:British Museum 294: 291: 239: 236: 202: 199: 197: 194: 140: 139: 133: 129: 128: 125: 121: 120: 113:51.228; 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Index

Jumbled pile of Roman coins
Romano-British
Frome
Somerset
51°13′41″N 2°16′55″W / 51.228°N 2.282°W / 51.228; -2.282
Museum of Somerset
hoard
Roman coins
metal detectorist
Frome
Somerset
debased
Carausius
Roman Emperor
Museum of Somerset
Taunton
National Heritage Memorial Fund

Carausius Adventus
radiate

Portable Antiquities Scheme
Wiltshire
Somerset County Council

Museum of Somerset
black-burnished ware
archaeological geophysics
British Museum
Pippa Pearce

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