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to describe goods naturally created by other property. In the most traditional understanding, this encompasses literal fruit of various plants, but also goods taken from animals such as milk or wool. There is some debate whether profits arising from other legal actions, such as loan interest, can be
290:"If a man in good faith buys land from another who is not its owner, though he believed he was, or acquires it in good faith by gift or some other lawful title, natural reason directs that the fruits which he has gathered shall be his, in consideration of his care and cultivation "
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was unable to be inherited or otherwise transferred to another person – it expired with the death of the user or at the time stipulated in the contract. Importantly, such users may not impact or destroy the substance of the property in the course of their use and collection – a
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A person who has a usufruct in land does not become owner of the fruits which grow thereon until he has himself gathered them; consequently fruits which, at the moment of his decease, though ripe, are yet ungathered, do not belong to his heir, but to the owner of the
219:"The interest on money which we collect is not included in the term "," because it is not derived from the property itself, but from another source, that is to say, from a new obligation."
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remained a part of that object; upon disconnection, they became property of the owner under normal conditions. There existed various exceptions to that general rule:
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from another's property. This was a very powerful servitude to give, as in most cases it left the owner only with bare ownership (
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34:– ancient jurisprudents usually strayed from such interpretations, but did argue to treat such profits in analogical ways.
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collected during their time possessing the property, as a form of reward for "cultivation and care" (
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was considered an integral right of the owner. Ancient jurisprudents often commented on the right to
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is ascertained differs in certain circumstances. The core object's owner, good faith possessor or
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in various situations. It was generally agreed on that until separation from its core object,
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wherein a person is granted the right to use another's property and to collect
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187:(5th ed.). Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer. p. 268.
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in the moment they disconnect from the core object (
100:The exact moment in time in which the ownership of
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116:), while detentors and persons benefiting from
120:take ownership in the moment they collect the
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231:"The Digest or Pandects: Book 22 (Scott)"
209:"The Digest or Pandects: Book 50 (Scott)"
318:Justinian. "Institutes". I. 2, 1, 36 - "
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96:if the relevant contract stipulates it.
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25:for "fruits") is a legal term used in
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61:A person possessing the object in
45:In ancient Rome, right to collect
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92:A detentor might be entitled to
277:amesfoundation.law.harvard.edu
153:) of said property, therefore
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183:Kolańczyk, Kazimierz (2007).
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354:Latin legal terminology
65:may be entitled to all
108:all take ownership of
164:cautio usufructuaria
141:is a type of Roman
71:pro cultura et cura
243:takes the place of
332:Kolańczyk, p. 321
309:Kolańczyk, p. 396
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268:Justinian.
160:stipulation
155:ususfructus
139:Ususfructus
133:Ususfructus
118:ususfructus
86:emphyteusis
78:ususfructus
76:As part of
30:considered
343:Categories
241:"Interest
170:References
106:emphyteuta
89:agreement.
63:good faith
349:Roman law
143:servitude
126:perceptio
114:separatio
38:Right to
27:Roman law
147:fructus
122:fructus
110:fructus
102:fructus
94:fructus
67:fructus
55:fructus
51:fructus
47:fructus
40:fructus
32:fructus
18:Fructus
282:3 June
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321:land.
273:(PDF)
23:Latin
284:2021
189:ISBN
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251:^
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