183:
27:
597:
609:
272:
in 1826), owned by
Charles Tuleu (heir of Alexandre de Berny and husband of Jane Peignot-Tuleu). In 1923, G. Peignot et Fils foundry disappears, victim of the merger between Deberny foundry (2.6 million, including the 1 million Peignot subsidy) and G. Peignot & Fils foundry (4.1 million). The new
267:
The legacy of
Georges Peignot is taken hostage by infighting: in 1919, his own mother, Marie Laporte-Peignot, requires its children or their widows the payment of a substantial sum (1 million of French francs, equivalent of USD 1,4 million) in the form of a capital increase to its competitor Deberny
158:
in 1899. These fixed spaces between words and lines, margins, etc., require great precision. He invents a new process, instead of cutting fixed spaces, pouring them into molds, which increases accuracy. In 1856, after his death, the company management is entrusted to a friend of his widow, Clémentine
178:
In 1869, the company moved to
Boulevard de Montrouge (now boulevard Edgar-Quinet), at no. 66-68, where a building is constructed (upstairs for the family, ground for the plant). In 1875, the debt to the Veuve Routier is cleared, and Gustave Peignot becomes sole owner of the company and the building.
277:" and commonly called "Deberny". Against all logic (the manager is usually chosen by the majority shareholder), the manager of the small Deberny foundry, Robert Girard, under whom the old foundry Deberny had collapsed, takes the reins of the new entity.
198:, used to say his mother. At this time, Gustave Peignot becomes first President of the Chambre syndicale des maîtres fondeurs typographes (trade association of type foundry masters). He marries Marie Laporte, and is a father of 8 children.
263:
But war breaks out in 1914. Volunteer for the front, Adjudant
Georges Peignot is killed by a bullet to the forehead at the head of his section, Sept. 28, 1915, near Givenchy. His four brothers also die.
175:), which is the name of the lessor having made possible the purchase by Gustave Peignot. In 1867, Gustave Peignot and the lessor merge in a company which takes the name of "Veuve Routier et Peignot."
206:
In 1898, Gustave
Peignot distributes to his children an equal parts of stocks and appoints Georges Peignot, his second son, as co-manager. The company's name changes for "G. Peignot & Fils" (
644:
669:
659:
629:
284:) suggests honoring the story of Peignot: it transports the awls of the foundry in the building of the Imprimerie nationale (Government printing office), near
260:
streets. In 1911-1912, Georges
Peignot sends in South America his two young brothers, Lucien and RĂ©my, looking for distributors. The company is at its peak.
194:
From 1875 to 1898, Gustave
Peignot continues to make great profits with fixed spaces production, not amputated this time by refunds to the Veuve Routier.
138:
foundry (established in 1867), itself heir of the foundry "Veuve
Routier" (established in 1865) and foundry of Pierre Leclerc (established in 1842).
649:
664:
639:
654:
547:
519:
407:
book and italic (engraved by Henri
Parmentier, from prints on rag paper of the genuine Garamond typeface, under careful control of
355:
351:
234:
217:. The quality of fonts puts foundry G. Peignot et Fils at the forefront. In 12 years, Georges Peignot creates many typefaces:
159:
Dupont de Vieux Pont (wife
Peignot, 1815-1897). She then settles beside her his son, Gustave Peignot (1839-1899), engineer of
300:) in memory of Georges, André, Lucien and Rémy who died between September, 1914 and June, 1916, snatched by the World War I.
213:
Georges Peignot continues the production of fixed spaces, causing significant growth in sales, and launches studies for new
293:
587:
634:
393:
160:
118:(1872–1915), G. Peignot & Fils was a prestigious French typographic foundry, an "elite house", according to
389:
359:
381:
171:
In 1865, the foundry of Pierre Leclerc is sold by auction to Peignot. The new company is called "Veuve Routier" (
559:
579:
366:
426:
285:
242:
370:
253:
257:
37:
182:
111:
566:. Website part of a Graphic Arts Publishing Master thesis of Rochester Institute of Technology (USA)
404:
397:
385:
269:
230:
313:
274:
218:
430:
575:
543:
515:
415:
377:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
317:
238:
226:
222:
613:
252:
In 1904, to address growth of sales, G. Peignot et Fils built a new plant at the corner of
563:
408:
308:
G. Peignot & Fils foundry is the heart of important typographic creations, including:
115:
273:
company's name relegates Peignot's name in background: the new entity is indeed called "
419:
147:
26:
623:
601:
344:
119:
110:, established in 1898 and closed down between 1919 and 1923 after a merger to become
107:
47:
570:
292:. And it proposes that the continuation of this street would be baptized "
280:
In 1922, the Commission de l’enseignement et des beaux-arts (governmental
152:"He can be considered as the genuine creator of the fixed spaces industry"
214:
249:, great typefaces catalog (still highly sought, 600 pages, 2 volumes).
167:
Veuve Routier (1865) and Veuve Routier et G. Peignot (1867) foundries
85:
556:
540:
L'or, l'âme et les cendres du plomb. L'épopée des Peignot, 1815-1983
512:
L'or, l'âme et les cendres du plomb. L'épopée des Peignot, 1815-1983
289:
150:
foundry (hand-set metal type to achieve letter-spacing) in Paris.
131:
81:
580:
Les Cochins, spécimen de la fonderie Deberny et Peignot (1932)
451:"Lettres à un jeune français. XXV. La contagion sublime".
585:
91:
77:
69:
61:
53:
43:
33:
186:Advertisement for G. Peignot foundry published in
146:In 1842, Pierre Leclerc, a craftsman, creates a
8:
19:
645:Manufacturing companies established in 1898
505:
503:
501:
499:
497:
422:, 1909-1914 ; launched in 1924) ;
418:book, italic and champlevé (drawing :
411:(1912-1914) ; launched in 1926) ;
106:(Fonderie G. Peignot et Fils) was a French
400:(drawing : P. Roy et A. Marty) ;
25:
18:
373:(light) (anonymous creation, 1910) ;
130:G. Peignot et Fils is founded in 1898 in
181:
592:
490:(in French), Paris: Deberny, p. 77
481:
479:
477:
443:
670:Manufacturing companies based in Paris
557:II: History of the Peignot Typefoundry
542:(in French), Paris: librairie TekhnĂŞ,
514:(in French), Paris: librairie TekhnĂŞ,
282:Commission for education and fine arts
7:
660:Design companies established in 1898
630:Letterpress font foundries of France
196:"In this lead will Thou find gold"
14:
202:G. Peignot et Fils Foundry (1898)
607:
595:
142:Foundry of Pierre Leclerc (1842)
122:, former French Prime Minister.
65:Pierre Leclerc, Gustave Peignot
555:Amelia Hugill-Fontanel, 2002.
455:(in French) (1727). July 1916.
316:(drawing with reed pen :
1:
650:1898 establishments in France
396:, the vignettes et ornaments
384:book and italic, engraved by
294:rue des Quatre-Frères-Peignot
112:Deberny & Peignot foundry
538:Froissart, Jean-Luc (2004),
510:Froissart, Jean-Luc (2004),
298:Four-brothers-Peignot street
356:Bellery-Desfontaines-Ă©troit
343:(drawing with brush :
686:
360:Henri Bellery-Desfontaines
352:Bellery-Desfontaines-large
134:, after absorption of the
104:G. Peignot et Fils foundry
16:French typographic foundry
665:Metal companies of France
640:Commercial type foundries
468:La Fonderie Typographique
156:La fonderie typographique
24:
655:French business families
136:Veuve Routier et Peignot
304:Typographical creations
470:(in French) (7). 1899.
245:. He also publishes a
191:
161:Arts et MĂ©tiers school
380:book and italic, the
208:G. Peignot & Sons
185:
38:Kommanditgesellschaft
488:Souvenirs de famille
486:Tuleu, Jane (1915),
427:Guy-Arnoux capitales
235:Bellery-Desfontaines
210:). He dies in 1899.
154:, says the magazine
635:Cold type foundries
466:"Gustave Peignot".
362:, 1910-1912) ;
347:, 1902-1907) ;
320:, 1898-1901) ;
108:typographic foundry
21:
562:2016-03-03 at the
329:Française-allongée
275:Deberny et Peignot
192:
20:G. Peignot et Fils
582:. Signes, website
576:Michel Wlassikoff
394:Fournier-le-Jeune
190:magazine, in 1883
101:
100:
677:
612:
611:
610:
600:
599:
598:
591:
552:
525:
524:
507:
492:
491:
483:
472:
471:
463:
457:
456:
448:
429:(drawing :
358:(drawing :
337:Auriol-champlevé
325:Française-légère
286:Gutenberg street
231:Garamond-Peignot
29:
22:
685:
684:
680:
679:
678:
676:
675:
674:
620:
619:
618:
608:
606:
596:
594:
586:
571:Georges Peignot
569:Linotype, 2007
564:Wayback Machine
550:
537:
534:
529:
528:
522:
509:
508:
495:
485:
484:
475:
465:
464:
460:
450:
449:
445:
440:
409:Georges Peignot
390:Moreau-le-Jeune
306:
204:
169:
144:
128:
116:Georges Peignot
97:Georges Peignot
94:
17:
12:
11:
5:
683:
681:
673:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
622:
621:
617:
616:
604:
584:
583:
573:
567:
553:
548:
533:
530:
527:
526:
520:
493:
473:
458:
442:
441:
439:
436:
435:
434:
423:
420:Bernard Naudin
412:
401:
382:Nicolas-Cochin
374:
363:
348:
321:
318:Eugène Grasset
305:
302:
203:
200:
168:
165:
143:
140:
127:
124:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
45:
41:
40:
35:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
682:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
625:
615:
605:
603:
593:
589:
581:
577:
574:
572:
568:
565:
561:
558:
554:
551:
549:2-9522836-0-5
545:
541:
536:
535:
531:
523:
521:2-9522836-0-5
517:
513:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
494:
489:
482:
480:
478:
474:
469:
462:
459:
454:
447:
444:
437:
432:
428:
424:
421:
417:
413:
410:
406:
402:
399:
395:
391:
387:
386:Charles Malin
383:
379:
375:
372:
369:(bold) et le
368:
364:
361:
357:
353:
349:
346:
345:George Auriol
342:
338:
334:
333:Auriol-labeur
330:
326:
322:
319:
315:
311:
310:
309:
303:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
271:
265:
261:
259:
255:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
211:
209:
201:
199:
197:
189:
184:
180:
176:
174:
173:Widow Routier
166:
164:
162:
157:
153:
149:
141:
139:
137:
133:
125:
123:
121:
120:Louis Barthou
117:
113:
109:
105:
96:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
49:
46:
42:
39:
36:
32:
28:
23:
539:
532:Bibliography
511:
487:
467:
461:
452:
446:
307:
297:
281:
279:
268:(founded by
266:
262:
251:
246:
212:
207:
205:
195:
193:
188:L'imprimerie
187:
177:
172:
170:
155:
151:
148:fixed spaces
145:
135:
129:
103:
102:
78:Headquarters
48:Type foundry
34:Company type
453:Les Annales
624:Categories
438:References
431:Guy Arnoux
339:, and the
243:Guy-Arnoux
93:Key people
614:Companies
371:Cyclopéen
367:Polyphème
215:typefaces
114:. Led by
578:, 2014.
560:Archived
433:, 1914).
405:Garamond
398:Fournier
247:Specimen
44:Industry
588:Portals
314:Grasset
254:Cabanis
219:Grasset
126:History
70:Defunct
62:Founder
54:Founded
602:France
546:
518:
416:Naudin
392:, the
388:, the
378:Cochin
354:et le
335:, the
331:, the
327:, the
270:Balzac
258:Ferrus
239:Naudin
227:Cochin
223:Auriol
86:France
341:Robur
290:Paris
132:Paris
82:Paris
544:ISBN
516:ISBN
425:the
414:the
403:the
376:the
365:the
350:the
323:the
312:the
256:and
73:1919
57:1898
296:" (
288:in
626::
496:^
476:^
241:,
237:,
233:,
229:,
225:,
221:,
163:.
84:,
590::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.