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son and twin daughters. Goyder led an austere and disciplined life, and this was reflected in his strict treatment of subordinates – though he was always regarded as fair to those he advised in spite of many complaints by farmers and graziers. By the late 1880s, however, Goyder's health was declining and, with no improvement in sight, he resigned the post of
Surveyor-General at the end of 1893. He died at his home "Warrakilla", at
43:
1318:
480:
drought in the middle of the decade and complained severely, with many forced to move even relatives away from their cattle stations by the end of 1865. Goyder was also faced with the despair of his wife, Frances Mary Smith, who suffered the loss of twins at birth during George's long travels in the outback.
554:(of which the Northern Territory was then a part) to lay out the street plans for a capital to be named Palmerston. The site was chosen for its exceptionally good water supply and potential for easy communication with the rest of the continent through land or sea transportation. The site was chosen after
615:
He married
Frances Mary Smith on 10 December 1851 at Christ Church, North Adelaide, and had nine children with her. Frances died on 8 April 1870 and George married her sister Ellen Priscilla Smith, who had been looking after the children, on 20 November 1871. With Ellen, George had three children, a
520:
However, the 1864–65 drought put paid, at least temporarily, to these ambitions. Goyder, in the midst of his work in the pastoral zone, was asked to report on the problem and his response was to find out how far south crop failure had been general. The furthest points inland at which crops had
471:
Goyder was appointed
Assistant Surveyor-General circa 1856. In this period he made many expeditions into the outback regions of South Australia, thinking that the water in lakes he saw at the time was fresh and permanent, rather than exceedingly erratic. He wrote many letters to newly established
479:
In 1861 he was appointed
Surveyor-General. His early years in the role were very difficult, especially his efforts to help establish settlement in the Northern Territory by supervising the establishment of the pastoral leaseholds that continue to the present day. Pastoralists were hit by a major
528:
Goyder recommended that farmers should not attempt to grow cereal crops anywhere outside of the line. The idea was contrary to beliefs widespread at the time and seen by many as ridiculous in a period of great optimism, but after major losses by grain growers near to, or outside of, the line –
442:
with his family where he worked with an engineering firm and studied surveying. In 1848, at the age of 22, Goyder followed his sister and brother-in-law, George
Galbraith MacLachlan (c. 1842 – 19 March 1873), to Sydney. He spent time working with an auctioneering firm and moved to
155:
455:
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commemorating George Goyder's line of rainfall, which he determined when
Surveyor-General. He correctly judged the rainfall in country inland of the line to be too unreliable for cereal growing.
409:, a line used in South Australia to demarcate land climatically suitable for arable farming from that suitable only for light grazing, and for the siting, planning and initial development of
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545:
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especially in the droughts of 1881–1882 and 1884–1886 – his judgement proved to have been sound. The many major droughts in the 159 years since have confirmed his view.
1262:
417:) and made recommendations to a great number of settlers in the newly developing colony, especially to those exploiting the newly discovered mineral resources of the state.
828:, Richard Hinton, W(illiam) Webster Hoare (assistant to Dr Peel), W. Holland, Richard A. Horn, Thomas S. Horn, W. Howe, sen., C. N. Greene, George Hughes, George Kersley,
569:
on 27 December 1868 and dropped anchor in Darwin
Harbour on 5 February 1869. He selected the site on Fort Point near Port Darwin, and nearby townships to be named Daly,
1392:
413:, the Northern Territory capital and principal population centre. However, Goyder was an avid researcher into the lands of South Australia (including the present-day
1407:
800:
Members of Goyder's expedition included: G. S. Aldridge, J. H. Aldridge, George A. Armstrong, Job Austin, W. Barlow, R. W. Barrow, Tom Bee, David L. Beetson,
497:
1397:
984:
585:, George MacLachlan, John Packard, Alfred and Frederick Schultze included) remained to fill duties in the town. Others, including Dan Daly and
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912:
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661:
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pastoralists who had moved into the arid regions for the state's north, and also surveyed the newly establishing mining industry in the
402:
169:
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660:(Gould 1875), a district council, an electorate, the new pavilion at the Royal Adelaide Showgrounds, several streets, a park and the
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Goyder Road in Darwin is named for him, and many others of the party are similarly honoured. Also named for him are a large river in
126:
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592:
Goyder's expeditioners numbered about 100, most of whom are commemorated in the names of Darwin streets and outlying localities.
565:
With the incentive of a £3000 bonus, "Little Energy" as he was nicknamed and his team of about 128 men left Port
Adelaide on the
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to
Adelaide in November 1869 with about 30 men; the majority of his party returned in October 1870, though many (Dr
483:
Goyder resigned his position as
Surveyor-General in 1894, completing a public service career that spanned 41 years.
698:
648:, the highest peak in South Australia at 1,435 metres (4,710 ft) is named after him (George Woodroffe Goyder)
410:
53:
395:
1357:
1322:
825:
770:
621:
502:
93:
525:– figures vary from 250 to 350 millimetres in different publications – were marked as the "Line of Rainfall".
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833:
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31:
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250:
75:
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practices have allowed some expansion in the 1980s and 1990s, despite a couple of very severe droughts.
514:
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908:
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603:; it commenced operation in 1872. In 1911 Palmerston was renamed Darwin. About 1980, the name
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692:
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Goyder's Line was first accepted significantly after a number of dry years, though improved
492:
435:
406:
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growing had been spreading rapidly further north and the erroneous belief that rain would "
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757:
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He rose rapidly in the civil service, becoming Assistant Surveyor-General by 1856 and the
1288:
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517:" led to the idea of cereal crops spreading up to the Northern Territory border.
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42:
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not failed, corresponding approximately to the 300-millimetre (12-inch) annual
1154:. Vol. LXXIV, no. 5673. South Australia. 1 December 1917. p. 28
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1077:. Vol. XXVII, no. 1468. South Australia. 20 November 1869. p. 9
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17:
1016:. Vol. XI, no. 3184. South Australia. 29 December 1868. p. 2
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988:. Vol. XI, no. 542. South Australia. 26 December 1868. p. 8
1126:. Vol. LIV, no. 2912. South Australia. 24 July 1897. p. 33
444:
864:, C. Spencely, C. W. Sprigg, J. M. Thomas, Charles Frederick Wells, and
960:. Vol. III, no. 124. South Australia. 14 July 1871. p. 2
628:, on 2 November 1898 and was buried in the Stirling District Cemetery.
533:
439:
577:. They completed all four sites in 18 months. Goyder returned on the
510:
1240:
1200:
454:
868:, and Ned and John Ryan (South Australian Government surveyors).
36:
1266:
860:, W. Rowe, Alfred Schultze, Frederick Schultze, A. H. Smith,
1346:
Surveying Darwin, Northern Territory Library online feature
1107:(Mrs Kerr was a grand-daughter of George Woodroffe Goyder).
607:
was resurrected for Darwin's satellite city to the south.
434:, England to Sarah and David George Goyder, the latter a
599:
from England was landed at Palmerston via present-day
447:
in 1851, obtaining work as a civil service draftsman.
1263:
Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure
1036:"Surveying Darwin 1869 | Northern Territory Library"
812:, Joseph Brooks, Philip H. Burden, William Collett,
371:
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217:
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1358:Goyder Subject guide at Northern Territory Library
1259:"Search result for "Goyder" (Record No SA0027239)"
781:Survey parties to the Northern Territory 1864–1870
651:Goyder's name has also been given to a species of
546:Survey parties to the Northern Territory 1864–1870
398:during the latter half of the nineteenth century.
509:Before the drought of the mid-1860s, wheat and
1241:"Adelaide Proformat - George Woodroffe Goyder"
8:
856:, John H. Packard, Dr R. Peel, G. Richards,
820:, Michael Francis, J. W. Gepp, John Gerald,
783:Includes comprehensive lists of participants
1162:– via National Library of Australia.
1134:– via National Library of Australia.
1085:– via National Library of Australia.
1024:– via National Library of Australia.
996:– via National Library of Australia.
985:South Australian Chronicle And Weekly Mail
968:– via National Library of Australia.
903:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
153:
140:
1063:
1061:
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
836:, J. M. Lambell, C. Laycock, J. Loudon,
496:
321:
290:
27:19th century surveyor in South Australia
1393:English emigrants to colonial Australia
1363:NT Place Names Register (a useful tool)
881:
793:
390:(24 June 1826 – 2 November 1898) was a
182:31 January 1861 – 30 June 1894
895:"Goyder, George Woodroffe (1826–1898)"
1203:. Goyder Institute for Water Research
1201:"Goyder Institute for Water Research"
889:
887:
885:
589:, were to return within a few years.
7:
1408:Surveyors General of South Australia
438:minister and physician. He moved to
405:in 1861. He is remembered today for
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65:adding citations to reliable sources
980:"The Northern Territory Expedition"
739:East Arnhemland, Northern Territory
662:Goyder Institute for Water Research
403:Surveyor General of South Australia
170:Surveyor General of South Australia
1329:Australian Dictionary of Biography
900:Australian Dictionary of Biography
840:, A. L. McKay, George MacLachlan,
25:
1398:History of the Northern Territory
1265:. 16 October 2008. Archived from
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760:, South Australia's highest peak
486:
459:Goyder's map of the region near
41:
1173:Klaassen, Nic (1 August 2006).
1013:The South Australian Advertiser
317:
286:
159:George Woodroffe Goyder in 1869
52:needs additional citations for
905:Australian National University
1:
552:government of South Australia
451:Assistant to Surveyor-General
1008:"Tuesday, December 29, 1868"
816:, Henry Edwards, W. Fisher,
733:(State B64), South Australia
710:Electoral division of Goyder
704:Electoral district of Goyder
640:and electorates in both the
844:, A. E. Millar, C. Miller,
1424:
1403:History of South Australia
699:Regional Council of Goyder
543:
490:
261:Stirling District Cemetery
29:
824:, William Guy, W. Hardy,
487:Goyder's Line of rainfall
407:Goyder's Line of rainfall
396:Colony of South Australia
381:
208:
175:
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1339:21 November 2015 at the
952:"The Overland Telegraph"
771:Agriculture in Australia
503:Melrose, South Australia
1293:NT Place Names Register
1151:The Observer (Adelaide)
743:Goyder, South Australia
550:Goyder was sent by the
388:George Woodroffe Goyder
146:George Woodroffe Goyder
1223:"Place Names Register"
1095:Goyder Kerr, Margaret
810:John Sherlock Brooking
506:
468:
251:Mylor, South Australia
1388:People from Liverpool
1099:Rigby, Adelaide 1971
808:, Henry S. Bosworth,
682:, Northern Territory
676:, Northern Territory
644:and South Australia.
595:Soon afterwards, the
544:Further information:
500:
458:
353:Sarah Goyder (mother)
307:Ellen Priscilla Smith
1351:26 July 2019 at the
1325:at Wikimedia Commons
814:Daniel Dominick Daly
712:, Northern Territory
540:Survey of Palmerston
365:Edwin Mitchell Smith
293:; died
61:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
1227:www.ntlis.nt.gov.au
1181:on 21 November 2015
858:J. Le M. F. Roberts
850:W. Charles Musgrave
804:, Michael Bennett,
562:had been rejected.
430:Goyder was born in
348:David George Goyder
204:William Strawbridge
193:Sir Arthur Freeling
1269:on 12 October 2016
1175:"George W. Goyder"
848:, A. J. Mitchell,
687:Named after Goyder
642:Northern Territory
597:Overland Telegraph
507:
469:
415:Northern Territory
276:Frances Mary Smith
1321:Media related to
1261:. Land Services,
1123:Adelaide Observer
1105:978-0-85179-287-3
1074:Adelaide Observer
914:978-0-522-84459-7
842:Gilbert R. McMinn
822:Christopher Giles
706:, South Australia
657:Amytornis goyderi
515:follow the plough
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16:(Redirected from
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558:'s choice at
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50:This article
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1296:. Retrieved
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1271:. Retrieved
1267:the original
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1183:. Retrieved
1179:the original
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1128:. Retrieved
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1079:. Retrieved
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1048:. Retrieved
1044:the original
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990:. Retrieved
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962:. Retrieved
957:Gawler Times
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934:. Retrieved
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745:, a locality
737:Goyder River
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594:
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578:
566:
564:
549:
531:
527:
519:
508:
482:
478:
470:
461:Lake Torrens
429:
400:
387:
386:
245:(1898-11-02)
228:24 June 1826
200:Succeeded by
177:
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
18:G. W. Goyder
1383:1898 deaths
1378:1826 births
1289:"Woodroffe"
1273:20 December
1207:20 December
866:A. T. Woods
862:E. M. Smith
846:W. W. Mills
695:of rainfall
680:Frances Bay
638:Arnhem Land
583:Robert Peel
534:cultivation
188:Preceded by
1372:Categories
1298:1 February
1185:29 January
1146:"Personal"
936:29 January
876:References
753:Palmerston
674:Fannie Bay
605:Palmerston
501:Plaque at
426:Early life
372:Occupation
224:1826-06-24
87:newspapers
923:1833-7538
749:Woodroffe
653:grasswren
601:Indonesia
571:Southport
465:Lake Eyre
432:Liverpool
361:Relatives
234:, England
232:Liverpool
178:In office
1349:Archived
1337:Archived
1118:"Goyder"
992:7 August
964:20 March
931:70677943
907:. 1972.
765:See also
575:Virginia
445:Adelaide
392:surveyor
376:Surveyor
367:(nephew)
350:(father)
333:Children
1158:31 July
1130:1 March
1081:1 March
1050:26 July
1020:10 June
830:S. King
624:in the
622:Aldgate
579:Gulnare
556:Finniss
523:isohyet
440:Glasgow
394:in the
341:Parents
326:
314:
310:
299:
283:
279:
266:Spouses
101:scholar
1103:
929:
921:
911:
632:Legacy
567:Moonta
511:barley
421:Career
411:Darwin
320:
289:
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
32:Goyder
788:Notes
620:near
618:Mylor
324:)
316:(
312:
297:)
285:(
281:
108:JSTOR
94:books
1300:2018
1275:2015
1209:2015
1187:2007
1160:2016
1132:2016
1101:ISBN
1083:2016
1052:2019
1022:2019
994:2016
966:2018
938:2007
927:OCLC
919:ISSN
909:ISBN
573:and
463:and
322:1871
295:1870
291:1851
240:Died
218:Born
80:news
63:by
1374::
1291:.
1243:.
1225:.
1148:.
1120:.
1071:.
1060:^
1038:.
1010:.
982:.
954:.
925:.
917:.
897:.
884:^
832:,
664:.
476:.
336:12
318:m.
287:m.
1302:.
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226:)
222:(
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124:(
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115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
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