197:
75:
50:
31:
262:; known collectively as Xantus's murrelet until 2012. Enough evidence was collected to consider both species distinct based on a lack of evidence of interbreeding where the two species nest together on the San Benito Islands, differences in facial pattern and bill shape, vocalizations and genetics.
441:
320:
rockfish. Like all auks it is a wing-propelled diver, chasing down prey under the water with powerful wingbeats. There is some speculation that it may feed cooperatively in pairs, as it is almost always observed in pairs, even during the non-breeding season. It
348:
By the end of the 20th century, the Xantus's murrelet complex was considered to be among the most endangered group of auk. This has changed since, but not because the present species' status has improved, but because other auks have become rarer.
328:
It nests in small crevices, caves and under dense bushes on arid islands in loose scattered colonies. It returns to the colony only at night, laying two eggs which are incubated for about a month. Like other synthliboramphine murrelets (e.g. the
364:
to other ports. Because a large part of its small population nests in such a small area a single catastrophic oil spill could have far reaching implications. It is also threatened by introduced species such as
337:, leaving the nest within two days of hatching and running actively towards the sea, where the parents call to them. Once at sea the family swims to offshore waters.
942:
994:
1193:
1152:
906:
1165:
968:
442:"Predation of artificial Xantus's murrelet (Synthliboramphus hypoleucus scrippsi) nests before and after black rat (Rattus rattus) eradication"
1020:
1223:
836:
1218:
700:
677:
530:
Birt, T. P.; H.R. Carter; D.L. Whitworth; A. McDonald; S.H. Newman; F. Gress; E. Palacios; J.S. Koepke & V.L. Friesen (2012).
1213:
1085:
54:
798:
1170:
973:
74:
807:
955:
673:
999:
708:
290:. After the breeding season it disperses locally at sea northward up to southern California in the United States.
1203:
282:, with which it shares the distinction of being the most southerly living of all the auk species. It breeds from
1208:
1007:
1012:
196:
857:
760:
440:
Jones, Holly P.; Williamhenry, R.; Howald, Gregg R.; Tershy, Bernie R.; Croll, Donald A. (December 2005).
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1046:
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418:
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is a small black and white auk with a small head and thin sharp bill. It resembles the closely related
255:
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1103:
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549:
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146:
862:
126:
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1198:
1187:
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540:
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228:
59:
563:
481:
885:
738:
640:
1144:
872:
30:
1130:
1072:
929:
792:
617:"Status of Xantus's Murrelet and its nesting habitat in Baja California, Mexico"
361:
322:
783:
1098:
465:
236:
473:
370:
353:
340:
Little is known about the time at sea due to difficulties in studying them.
334:
86:
960:
601:
554:
531:
508:
1124:
777:
316:
298:
Guadalupe murrelet feeds far out at sea, often in association with large
106:
1157:
911:
844:
747:
311:
307:
299:
271:
220:
934:
579:"Morphological variation and species limits in murrelets of the genus
831:
240:
96:
898:
754:
729:
685:
893:
1025:
303:
116:
758:
532:"Rangewide population genetic structure of Xantus's Murrelet, (
497:"Guadalupe Murrelet (Synthliboramphus hypoleucus), version 1.0"
366:
232:
136:
656:
Drost, C.A. & Lewis, D.B. (1995): Xantus's
Murrelet (
590:
Transactions of the San Diego
Society of Natural History
258:
were considered conspecific and were classified under
709:"The Present State of the Ornis of Guadaloupe Island"
373:; this threat has been lessened lately by efforts to
1114:
767:
419:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T62101215A132673655.en
356:, as much of its population lives near the busy
377:its habitat by removing introduced predators.
495:Nettleship, David N.; Kirwan, Guy M. (2020).
8:
352:Guadalupe murrelet is mainly threatened by
755:
195:
48:
29:
20:
737:
690:Gaston, Anthony & Jones, Ian (1998):
553:
417:
325:well, and can take off without taxiing.
707:Thayer, John E.; Bangs, Outram (1908).
386:
7:
694:. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
577:Jehl, J. R. Jr.; S.I. Bond (1975).
405:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
664:Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.):
1194:IUCN Red List endangered species
243:. It is threatened by predators
73:
394:BirdLife International (2018).
254:This species together with the
678:American Ornithologists' Union
1:
1104:Synthliboramphus-hypoleucus
837:synthliboramphus-hypoleucus
824:Synthliboramphus_hypoleucus
799:Synthliboramphus hypoleucus
769:Synthliboramphus hypoleucus
674:Academy of Natural Sciences
658:Synthliboramphus hypoleucus
398:Synthliboramphus hypoleucus
212:Synthliboramphus hypoleucus
179:Synthliboramphus hypoleucus
1245:
1224:Subterranean nesting birds
666:The Birds of North America
446:Environmental Conservation
1219:Taxa named by John Xantus
676:, Philadelphia, PA &
466:10.1017/S0376892906002608
412:: e.T62101215A132673655.
194:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1116:Brachyramphus hypoleucus
333:) the chicks are highly
1214:Birds described in 1860
739:2027/hvd.32044072250186
344:Status and conservation
602:10.5962/bhl.part.15542
555:10.1525/auk.2011.11011
509:10.2173/bow.xanmur1.01
306:, on larval fish like
235:breeds on islands off
1060:Paleobiology Database
1047:Paleobiology Database
266:Description and range
615:Keitt, B.S. (2005).
302:predatory fish like
680:, Washington, D.C.
458:2005EnvCo..32..320J
251:and by oil spills.
40:Conservation status
24:Guadalupe murrelet
922:guadalupe-murrelet
643:(1988, 1994, 2000)
624:Marine Ornithology
501:Birds of the World
288:San Benito Islands
280:Craveri's murrelet
256:Scripps's murrelet
225:California Current
207:Guadalupe murrelet
161:S. hypoleucus
1181:
1180:
1034:Open Tree of Life
761:Taxon identifiers
703:
692:The Auks, Alcidae
217:Xantus's murrelet
203:
202:
63:
1236:
1204:Synthliboramphus
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331:ancient murrelet
284:Guadalupe Island
247:to its breeding
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181:
148:Synthliboramphus
78:
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57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
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1209:Birds of Mexico
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730:10.2307/1360977
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686:10.2173/bna.164
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651:Further reading
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127:Charadriiformes
72:
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53:
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42:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
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724:(3): 101–106.
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452:(4): 320–325.
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534:S. hypoleucus
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286:south to the
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260:S. hypoleucus
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229:Pacific Ocean
226:
223:found in the
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171:
170:Binomial name
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641:IUCN Redlist
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423:. Retrieved
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1073:SeaLifeBase
1008:Neotropical
930:iNaturalist
793:Wikispecies
581:Endomychura
425:13 November
362:Los Angeles
360:connecting
219:is a small
1188:Categories
1099:Xeno-canto
630:: 105–114.
381:References
371:feral cats
354:oil spills
245:introduced
237:California
55:Endangered
1229:Murrelets
1131:Q46959662
548:: 44–55.
517:216216779
474:1469-4387
335:precocial
308:anchovies
276:Scripps's
187:Xántus, J
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1125:Wikidata
987:62101215
948:11160086
863:62101215
858:BirdLife
784:Q1276043
778:Wikidata
596:: 9–24.
564:86799974
482:49360219
317:Sebastes
312:sardines
294:Behavior
249:colonies
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1158:5789271
1039:1078413
1013:xanmur1
912:2481351
899:xanmur1
873:xanmur1
845:Avibase
748:1360977
454:Bibcode
375:restore
300:pelagic
272:species
231:. This
221:seabird
189:, 1860)
143:Genus:
137:Alcidae
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1171:824179
1091:344122
1065:335308
1052:368027
1026:344122
974:177011
935:201284
919:GNAB:
832:ARKive
812:xanmur
746:
717:Condor
699:
562:
515:
480:
472:
241:Mexico
1086:WoRMS
1078:84255
1000:28709
961:62548
943:IRMNG
894:eBird
886:53YYK
870:BOW:
744:JSTOR
712:(PDF)
620:(PDF)
586:(PDF)
560:S2CID
513:S2CID
478:S2CID
323:flies
278:and
270:This
215:) or
1199:Auks
1166:ITIS
1153:GBIF
1145:MYYP
1021:OBIS
995:NCBI
982:IUCN
969:ITIS
907:GBIF
697:ISBN
470:ISSN
427:2021
410:2018
369:and
367:rats
314:and
304:tuna
239:and
205:The
117:Aves
1140:CoL
956:ISC
881:CoL
819:ADW
808:ABA
734:hdl
726:doi
682:doi
670:164
662:In:
660:).
598:doi
550:doi
546:129
541:Auk
505:doi
462:doi
414:doi
233:auk
1190::
1168::
1155::
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628:33
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594:18
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588:.
558:.
544:.
538:.
536:)"
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209:(
185:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
