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welded to baseplates and anchored to the floor, or set and concreted into the floor. In industrial and distribution facilities the steel guardrail systems provide solid protection for property and personnel by restricting and controlling where in-plant vehicular traffic may operate. These guardrail systems also serve as a warning for people to be aware of hazardous in facility vehicular traffic. Some facility safety steel guardrail systems utilize one horizontal rail, where others employ two or three rails. While a single rail safety guardrail located some 15 inches (38 cm) above floor level may be sufficient to control vehicle traffic, it could present a trip hazard to pedestrians since it is not as noticeable as a double or triple guardrail system where the top rail is some 40 inches (100 cm) above the floor level.
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not keep a truck from toppling over it, while a motorbike might slip under a higher rail. To address these concerns, significant research and development of a system that could contain and redirect vehicles of varying weights and heights was developed and crash tested (both controlled and simulated). As a result, the
Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) was developed and successfully crash tested per NCHRP Report 350 TL-3 criteria. The MGS has a higher mounting height, uses larger posts and blockouts as compared to the strong-post W-beam guardrail. One other significant difference is that MGS rail splices occur at mid-span compared to at the posts like the strong-post W-beam guardrail.
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industrial environment. At the turn of the 21st century, several companies developed safety products constructed with polymer designed specifically for industrial environments and in 2001 a dedicated industrial alternative to steel guardrail was invented by a
British-based company, and thus the first fixed flexible polymer safety guardrail was introduced to the market. In the early 2000s, an Italian company added a version of a polymer bumper providing small bumpers for walls and equipment in the food industry. A Belgian company also introduced a flexible barrier in 2010 and in 2014 a US based company introduced a hybrid polymer-steel guardrail for industrial environments.
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guardrail was protecting. Additionally, an airborne vehicle is likely to collide in a manner that the vehicle was not designed for, increasing the risk of failure in the vehicle's collision safety systems. A guardrail will have some give and deflection upon impact. The amount of deflection depends on many factors of which speed and weight of vehicle, type of guardrail installed, height of rail, length of posts, soil conditions and a number of other factors can all play a role. Guardrailing must be installed so that it is not so rigid that the rail will fail upon impact or the posts will snap off at the point where they are embedded within the ground.
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being introduced in industrialized countries in the 1990s. In the US and UK, these introductions, combined with the demonstrable success of the
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1970 (US), and Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (UK), led to workplace safety being taken more seriously at industrial facilities. Businesses worldwide began to see the value of effective workplace safety, in both the direct commercial sense of protecting assets, but also in the improved productivity levels of a protected workforce. Part of this increase in desire for industrial workplace protection, was a growth in demand for safety guardrails.
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operational and delivery capability established, functional and non-functional fit for purpose assessments undertaken, and a cyber security assessment completed. Technology delivery teams are constrained by the
Guardrail to use that particular database technology, but can do so confidently for the scenarios in which usage has been defined and approved. If a technology delivery team chose a different database technology that is not defined within the technology standards, they could be introducing commercial, organisational or operational risk as the pre-requisite due diligence has not been undertaken.
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safety guardrail systems rate and test their products at varying impact levels due to variation in guardrail product systems they offer, which can range from simple low impact energy pedestrian guardrail systems to high impact energy industrial traffic guardrail systems. In order to standardize testing for both steel and polymer guardrails, the
Protective Guarding Manufacturers Association (ProGMA) industry group of the Material Handling Industry (MHI) trade association is currently working with ANSI to develop an industry endorsed testing and reporting standard.
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general, the minimum length of guardrail with an end anchor at the trailing end and an end terminal on the approach end will be 62.5 to 75 feet (19.1 to 22.9 m) in length. An example would be where an overhead roadside sign structure is placed within what is considered the clear recovery zone—an engineer would need to determine that the structure has a potential to be impacted and the impact of a vehicle with that structure would be much more severe than impacting the guardrail.
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are often added as a retrofit to existing roads, newer roads are designed to minimize roadside obstacles, whether that may include aligning a road on a smoother curve or filling in a ravine which would eliminate the need for guardrail altogether. In addition to new research into end treatments, public awareness among both drivers and engineers has been gradually reducing injuries and fatalities due to guardrails.
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vehicle contact may cause harm to property or personnel. Common uses for guardrail systems may be along an aisle or building wall. Often guardrails are placed around equipment installations to prevent inadvertent contact from lift trucks. The guardrail provides a safety barrier preventing lift trucks or other in-plant vehicles from traveling into equipment, building walls, or personnel.
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being intended for this application. Simultaneously, another version of steel guardrail was developed by Kee Clamp Steel for restraining cattle in the agriculture industry, this was released in 1934 and, like Armco guardrail, is still often used in industrial environments. Box beam steel and I-beam steel are other examples of fabricated steel commonly used to make safety guardrails.
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roadway into oncoming traffic (commonly referred to as a median barrier). Roadside obstacles are typically referred to as fixed objects. A secondary objective is keeping the vehicle upright while deflected along the guardrail. Variables such as motorist speed and vehicle orientation when striking the guardrail are crucial factors in the effectiveness of guardrail performance.
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within workplace environments with test methods for safety barrier impact resilience (commonly referred to as PAS13). This outlines test method guidelines for comparing like-for-like guardrail products, as well as being the current best practice traffic management procedures for a workplace and providing a standard for the safety guardrails within them.
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impact. In addition, a blockout may be used to increase the offset of guardrail with an obstacle such as a curb. The posts' primary purpose is to maintain the height of the guardrail during the initial stages of post deflection. Maintaining guardrail height also reduces the potential for a vehicle to vault over the guardrail upon initial impact.
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terminals) all playing an integral role in how the guardrail will function upon impact. Soil conditions, height of rail, presence of curb or dike, weight of impacting vehicle, distance from back of post to hinge point and depth of post within soil can all determine how well the system will function upon impact.
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Railway trackage has guard rails (aka check rails) to guide wheels through possible catch points on turnouts or diamonds. Similarly, guard rails may be installed inside the innermost running rails on very sharp curves. The other most common usage is to prevent damage to other structures, especially
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limit the amount of guardrail placed as much as possible, as guardrails should only be placed when the roadside conditions pose a greater threat than the guardrail itself. In fact, in the hierarchy of five roadside safety treatments, shielding with guardrails ranks fourth. Therefore, while guardrails
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Modern installations of guardrails are designed to allow the guiderail to deform under the load of the crash, and safely redirecting a vehicle back onto the roadway at a somewhat shallow angle. It is important that the approach grades to a guardrail system be very flat (typically 10:1 or flatter) and
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A guardrail is effectively one strong band that transfers the force of the vehicle to the rail elements, posts, and end terminals or anchors. A run of guardrail must be anchored at each terminating end either by transitioning the rail into a fixed anchor such as a bridge rail or with an end terminal
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One of the main concerns with strong-post W-beam guardrail has been the ability of the system to contain and redirect modern vehicles that have a higher center of gravity along with the increased weight of those vehicles. The problem with this is that a guardrail of the optimum height for a car might
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Until 2017 there were no accepted standards for how safety guardrail tests were conducted, or how the results were communicated. In 2017, the BSI (British
Standards Institution) published the publicly available specification, PAS 13:2017 Code of Practice for safety barriers used in traffic management
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The
Polymer Impact Dispersal Safety Guardrail design offers an advantage over steel guardrails. Steel guardrails, if impacted with sufficient energy, will permanently deform and require repair or replacement to the impacting vehicle, the guardrail itself, and even the floor substrate. Where the
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The most common industrial or facility safety guardrail systems are constructed of steel, where the upright posts are made of heavy wall steel tubing-either round or square, with heavy gauge ribbed steel rails mechanically attached to the uprights by bolts or other fasteners. The uprights may be
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As governments around the world courted the voting power of working people and trade unions in the 1980s, the health and safety rights of workers became of greater importance. This set the governmental procedures in motion that would see a flurry of regulations and legislation around workplace safety
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Absorption is when the force of impact is directly transferred between the vehicle and guardrail, which may cause the end to puncture the vehicle. This is most common where a "whale tail" or blunt end treatment exists. To mitigate this a number of guiderail end treatments exist such as "extruder end
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are also lined with them. An example of a common residential guard rail (US) handrail (Brit.) is a wood railing around a deck or patio. In the US this is typically built on-site from pressure treated lumber thus featuring a simplistic design of vertical baluster spaced every 3.5 inches (8.9 cm)
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are frequently installed in the median, being expected to withstand frequent impacts from both sides, while the shoulders of the road often have cheaper guardrail. Although the use of concrete barriers on the right side of highway is becoming a much more frequent occurrence in areas where guardrail
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In most cases, a guardrail would not be able to withstand the impact of a vehicle just by the strength of the individual posts in the area hit by the vehicle. Guardrailing functions as a system with the guardrail, posts, connection of the rail to the posts and to each other, and the end anchors (or
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expensive; cable and wood posts, steel and wood/metal posts, steel box-beam, and concrete barriers. While cheaper guardrail is the weakest, often being destroyed from the impact of a light vehicle, it is inexpensive and quick to repair, so this is frequently used in low-traffic rural areas. On the
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In the US, there is no ANSI (American
National Standards Institute) Standard for testing guardrails. Steel guardrail system manufacturers test their systems to withstand impacts from a 10,000-pound (4,500 kg) load moving at four miles per hour (6.4 km/h), whereas manufacturers of polymer
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Standard 1910.28(b)(15), employees who work on surfaces that are 4 feet (1.2 m) or higher off of the ground must have personal fall protection systems in place, such as handrails or guardrails. Although the OSHA standard calls for a guardrail or guardrail system to protect workers on elevated
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The majority of safety guardrails used in industrial workplaces are made from fabricated steel. Steel guardrail was originally developed by Armco (The
American Rolling Mill Company) in 1933 as highway guardrail but is often used in the factories and warehouses of the industrial sector, despite not
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have died when crushed against them by motor vehicles. Close "safety barriers" to roads have been found to increase the chances of injury to pedestrians for a number of reasons including increasing inattention of drivers and pedestrians. For these reasons some councils in the United
Kingdom have
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Guard lrails are intended to deflect. The amount of deflection is dependent on a number of factors, some of which include the type and weight of impacting vehicle, height the guardrail is placed, type of soil the posts may be embedded within, length of embedment of the posts, and distance of the
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In 1992 a yellow polymer cover sleeve for steel guardrails was introduced by a Detroit-based company which enhanced the visibility of steel safety guardrails in industrial environments and removed the need for continual repainting. This polymer cover was the beginning of polymer guardrail in the
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Lastly, a vehicle can become airborne upon striking a guardrail with a buried end treatment if the slope to which the end anchor is buried is relatively flat (3:1 or flatter), which may negate the purpose of the guardrail, if the vehicle continues beyond the guardrail and strikes the object the
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The most common type of guardrail in use today is the Blocked-Out W-beam (Strong Post). The strong-post W-beam guardrail consists of wood posts and wood blockouts or steel posts with wood or plastic blockouts. The wood or plastic blockouts reduce or minimize a vehicle snagging on the posts upon
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In traffic engineering, a highway guardrail may prevent an errant vehicle from hitting roadside obstacles, which may be either man-made (sign structures, culvert inlets, utility poles) or natural (trees, rock croppings), running off the road and going down a steep embankment, or veering off the
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The term "guardrail" as used in industry and distribution facilities refers to floor mounted systems consisting of horizontal rails attached to upright posts that resemble outdoor highway guardrail. The facility safety guardrails control in-plant vehicular traffic and protect areas where errant
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Though they have usually prevented far more serious accidents, guardrails are considered roadside obstacles as well and transportation engineers must weigh whether placing a guardrail will reduce the severity of an impact as compared to what may be impacted if the guardrail were not placed. In
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There are many types of polymer used in manufacturing safety guardrail. Polymer grains may be blended as part of the production process in order to enhance the natural properties of polymer in different ways. The most common types of polymer used are: polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl
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are fitted with guard rails as a means of protection against accidental falls. Any abrupt change in elevation where the higher portion is accessible makes a fall possible. Due to this responsibility and liability, rails are placed to protect people using the premises. Guardrails in the US are
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Each of these guardrails constrain what technology teams can do within approved boundaries (the scope of the guardrail). For example, a technology standard may define a certain database as the standard to use within an organisation. The approved standard would have a commercial agreement,
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Manufacturers produce several grades of steel safety guardrail. Each grade is suited to a different application which may be determined by size and type of vehicles used in the facility, the volume of traffic to be controlled, or the value/risk associated with the areas being guarded.
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hinge point to the face of the guardrail are just a few. A guardrail that deflects significantly can causes pocketing, which has the potential to snag a vehicle, which may cause it to flip, roll, or cause the rail to fail entirely, allowing a vehicle to penetrate the guardrail.
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The posts also play a role in the amount of resistance and deflection a guardrail may experience during impact. Resistance in a strong post system results from a combination of tensile and flexural stiffness of the rail and the bending and shearing resistance of the posts.
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other hand, concrete barriers can usually withstand direct hits from a larger variety of vehicle types, making them well suited for use on high volume routes such as freeways. While rarely damaged, they would be considerably more expensive and time-consuming to repair.
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or end anchor placed in the ground or within an embankment. Newer concrete barriers, while usually strong enough to withstand direct hits by cars, still work on a similar principle in deflecting heavier vehicles such as trucks.
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Impact Dispersal Safety Guardrail design allows the guardrail to bend on impact, disperse the energy, and return to its original shape. Resulting in no damage to the guardrail or the impacting vehicle.
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that defines the boundaries in which technology change can be executed in a manner that is aligned with organisational strategy, risk, architecture, operational and cyber security requirements.
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may be sustaining frequent impacts and the ability for maintenance repairs may be restricted by the general area or work windows due to high traffic volumes for most of the day.
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72:, in general, are a boundary feature and may be a means to prevent or deter access to dangerous or off-limits areas while allowing light and visibility in a greater way than a
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Impact Dispersal, which applies multi-component engineering to enable guardrails to bend on impact, absorbing and dispersing energy, before returning to their original shape.
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Building codes also require that no opening in a guard be of a size such that a 4-inch (10 cm) sphere may pass. There are three exceptions according to the 2003
1177:"PAS 13:2017 Code of practice for safety barriers used in traffic management within workplace environments with test methods for safety barrier impact resilience"
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that grades and fixed objects behind guardrail be placed at a distance so that it will not affect the performance of the guardrail upon impact and deflection.
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treatments", "eccentric loaders" and "driveway wrap treatments" which result in blunt ends rarely being left exposed in modern installations.
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Section 1012.3 which allow openings to not exceed 8 or 21 inches (20 or 53 cm) depending on occupancy groups or special areas.
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work areas, current industry terminology would refer to that type of safety system as a handrail system or safety rail system.
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603:. Security barriers have been introduced on a number of the world's major bridges and around key areas of congregation.
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76:. Common shapes are flat, rounded edge, and tubular in horizontal railings, whereas tetraform spear-headed or ball-
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In cities occasionally pedestrian railings (and barriers) are installed at the immediate side of a roads. However,
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Central Fix, which utilizes a solid polymer post fixed into the ground with cement and steel subterranean fixings.
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did so and found that the rate of injury to pedestrians decreased three times faster than elsewhere in the city.
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chloride (PVC). Using these types of polymer, there are three basic design philosophies for polymer guardrails:
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There are different types of "industrial" or "facility safety" guardrail systems, each with its own advantages.
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Flexible polymer guardrail with handrail for pedestrians and high strength lower rail to absorb vehicle impacts
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can be numerous, and are required by building codes in many circumstances. Handrails along
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The removal of barriers divorcing wheeled traffic from pedestrians is an essential of the
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are most common in vertical railings around homes. Park and garden railings commonly in
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for decking, manufacturers, like TimberTech are providing composite railing components.
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is another choice that is traditional and sturdy. Decorative examples are considered
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generally required by code where there is a drop of 30 inches (0.76 m) or more.
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where adjacent terrain is steep. Railings may also be located at scenic overlooks.
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A major architect imaginatively used handrails representing social stability,
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A cast iron grille of decorative railings interspersed by weighty columns in
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1152:"Steel Barriers Vs Polymer Barriers Comparing the Environmental Credentials"
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1496:"And the best solution for protecting pedestrians? Remove safety barriers"
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17:
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and glass panels open the view while still providing safety, as at the
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is less restrictive on its own than a guard rail and provides support.
99:) may instead feature jagged points and most metals are well-suited to
1031:"The history & story of flexible polymer safety barriers | A-SAFE"
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1978:
1941:
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350:
95:
High security railings (particularly if in flat metal then a type of
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790:. Vol. 2: 1928 to 1988. Cambridge: The MIT Press. p. 133.
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Freestanding fixture meant to aid in pedestrian and vehicle safety
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Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway
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1103:"Boplan Safety | Axes Gate | Xtra Grip | Flex Impact | Line Plan"
494:
A truck crashed through the central barrier of a German freeway (
1578:
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There are four general types of guardrail, ranging from weakest
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typically use stainless steel cables strung horizontally. Glass
89:
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1006:
2409:
195:, warning people not to climb over guard rail overlooking the
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1432:"Woman cyclist crushed to death by lorry as she turns corner"
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1007:"Ideal Shield | Facility Maintenance and Protection Products"
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removed their pedestrian railings. This was after London's
957:"Guardrails vs. Handrails for Industrial Workplace Safety"
467:
Test Standards for Industrial or Facility Safety Guardrail
289:
demonstrating compliance with Building Codes (Standards).
1489:
1487:
1485:
1308:"Flexible safety barrier & flexible bollard | A-SAFE"
1332:"Flexible Safety Barrier Impact Testing Videos | A-SAFE"
455:
Hybrid, which features a steel core encased in polymer.
1543:
Protective Guarding Manufacturers Association (ProGMA)
982:"4 Reasons You Need Safety Barriers in the Warehouse"
1200:
904:"Kee Safety Inc. Named to Inc. Magazine's Top 5,000"
41:
Staircase railings in the Degré du roi, part of the
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2010:
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1201:"American National Standards Institute - ANSI Home"
1055:"The Manufacturer MX Awards 2017 winners announced"
84:feature swirls, leaves, plate metal areas and/or
1389:. Federal Highway Administration. Archived from
1420:Roadside Design Guide, 4th Edition 2011, AASHTO
206:A handrail leading along a rocky creek crossing
113:Guardrails also apply in a technology context.
341:become exaggerated to the point of becoming a
1563:
1128:"McCue showcases damage protection equipment"
261:. Environmental guard rails are placed along
8:
1205:American National Standards Institute - ANSI
626:In a technology context, a guardrail is an
155:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2362:
2007:
1594:
1570:
1556:
1548:
1243:"Wilgard Guard Rails | Warehouse Barriers"
1267:"HEARTLAND STEEL PRODUCTS - SAFETY RAILS"
175:Learn how and when to remove this message
377:Guardrail protecting expensive machinery
752:
633:Examples of technology guardrails are:
590:Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
506:A removable guardrail as median barrier
1504:. Times Newspapers Ltd. Archived from
218:— North America) collapses at a
2666:Median / Central reservation
1529:Roadside Hardware Policy and Guidance
418:Steel facility guardrail in warehouse
7:
1464:"Cycling: the key ways to stay safe"
303:. With the increasing popularity of
153:adding citations to reliable sources
828:Bare architecture: a schizoanalysis
2584:Risk compensation (road transport)
25:
1387:U.S. Department of Transportation
787:The Details of Modern Architectur
2950:Glossary of road transport terms
125:
1109:from the original on 2009-11-20
670:(conceptual, logical, physical)
1533:Federal Highway Administration
1156:Warehouse & Logistics News
825:Smith, Chris L. (2017-10-19).
1:
2932:Pavement performance modeling
2922:International roughness index
2927:Present serviceability index
2721:Sidewalk / Pavement
2266:Diamond grinding of pavement
1538:Glass Railing Building Codes
2899:Underpass / Tunnel
2894:Overpass / Flyover
2648:High-occupancy vehicle lane
2538:Driving under the influence
1612:Freeway / Motorway
1430:Rashid Razaq (2009-04-09).
599:paradigm and philosophy in
320:International Building Code
284:(a type of footbridge) and
88:particularly on and beside
32:Guard rail (disambiguation)
3012:
1826:Highway systems by country
1494:Ben Webster (2006-04-08).
618:bridges, in a derailment.
610:
483:
280:forming a balustrade, and
253:Examples of this are both
29:
2981:Pedestrian infrastructure
2945:
2937:Granular base equivalency
2756:Traffic signal preemption
2164:Right-in/right-out (RIRO)
2070:Single-point urban (SPUI)
1462:Helen Pidd (2009-12-03).
961:Omega Industrial Products
908:www.roofingcontractor.com
565:inexpensive to strongest
2917:Pavement condition index
2643:High-occupancy toll lane
2638:Contraflow lane reversal
2613:Barrier transfer machine
875:"Timeline - Armco Steel"
784:Ford, Edward R. (2003).
555:Transportation engineers
329:. The guard rails of an
43:Petit appartement du roi
1771:Express–collector setup
668:Reference Architectures
349:. This is also done on
2955:Road types by features
2850:Raised pavement marker
2817:Constant-slope barrier
2741:Traffic directionality
2731:Street-running railway
2154:Protected intersection
1291:"Steel Guardrail Test"
1271:www.heartlandsteel.com
831:. London: Bloomsbury.
613:Guard rails (railroad)
507:
499:
440:
419:
378:
242:
231:
207:
199:
193:Niagara Falls, Ontario
54:
2812:Concrete step barrier
2149:Offset T-intersection
837:10.5040/9781350015821
761:"Protective Guarding"
726:Platform screen doors
706:Concrete step barrier
505:
493:
484:Further information:
438:
417:
376:
237:
213:
205:
190:
40:
2855:Road surface marking
2553:Single-vehicle crash
2276:Full depth recycling
2174:Seagull intersection
301:Grand Canyon Skywalk
276:may be supported by
149:improve this section
47:Palace of Versailles
30:For other uses, see
2986:Protective barriers
2681:Pedestrian crossing
2244:Reinforced concrete
2080:Three-level diamond
1791:Two-lane expressway
1776:Farm-to-market road
1219:"GuardRail Systems"
653:Technical Standards
70:protective guarding
2711:Runaway truck ramp
2533:Driver's education
2321:Rubberized asphalt
2256:Crocodile cracking
2179:Split intersection
1908:Single carriageway
508:
500:
441:
420:
405:Types of guardrail
379:
243:
232:
208:
200:
55:
2996:Bridge components
2963:
2962:
2771:Wide outside lane
2597:
2596:
2574:Automotive safety
2455:Road slipperiness
2202:
2201:
2050:Diverging diamond
1997:
1996:
1913:Single-track road
1855:Bicycle boulevard
1181:shop.bsigroup.com
1083:www.bloomberg.com
846:978-1-350-01581-4
572:Concrete barriers
480:Automotive safety
431:Polymer Guardrail
410:Steel Ribbed Rail
389:In the US, under
331:observation tower
214:A crowd barrier (
185:
184:
177:
16:(Redirected from
3003:
2991:Street furniture
2807:Cat's eye (road)
2628:Complete streets
2400:Dead Man's Curve
2363:
2301:Pavement milling
2216:Asphalt concrete
2159:Quadrant roadway
2100:
2022:
2008:
1974:Street hierarchy
1622:Elevated highway
1595:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1549:
1531:– United States
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1491:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1440:. Archived from
1437:Evening Standard
1427:
1421:
1418:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1384:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1059:The Manufacturer
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
993:
978:
972:
971:
969:
968:
953:
947:
946:
944:
943:
934:. Archived from
924:
918:
917:
915:
914:
900:
894:
893:
891:
890:
881:. Archived from
879:sites.google.com
871:
865:
864:
862:
861:
822:
816:
815:
813:
812:
781:
775:
774:
772:
771:
757:
305:composite lumber
220:college football
180:
173:
169:
166:
160:
129:
121:
101:anti-climb paint
21:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2941:
2909:
2903:
2874:
2865:Traffic barrier
2825:F-shape barrier
2780:
2736:Traffic calming
2696:Reversible lane
2686:Pedestrian zone
2671:Motorcycle lane
2633:Contraflow lane
2605:time allocation
2604:
2593:
2589:Underride guard
2557:
2519:
2405:Expansion joint
2367:
2357:
2350:
2336:Stamped asphalt
2198:
2129:Continuous flow
2102:
2098:
2097:
2089:
2023:
2019:grade-separated
2016:
2015:
1993:
1952:Private highway
1925:
1830:
1744:
1626:
1607:Bicycle highway
1584:
1576:
1525:
1520:
1511:
1509:
1508:on June 4, 2011
1493:
1492:
1483:
1474:
1472:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1447:
1445:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1408:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1382:
1380:"Guardrail 101"
1378:
1377:
1373:
1364:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1340:
1338:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1316:
1314:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1275:
1273:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1227:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1185:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1161:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1136:
1134:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1112:
1110:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1087:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1063:
1061:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1015:
1013:
1005:
1004:
1000:
991:
989:
980:
979:
975:
966:
964:
955:
954:
950:
941:
939:
928:"HSE: Timeline"
926:
925:
921:
912:
910:
902:
901:
897:
888:
886:
873:
872:
868:
859:
857:
847:
824:
823:
819:
810:
808:
798:
783:
782:
778:
769:
767:
759:
758:
754:
750:
745:
731:Traffic barrier
681:
624:
615:
609:
581:
579:Traffic dangers
488:
486:Traffic barrier
482:
469:
433:
412:
407:
371:
369:Facility safety
268:Guard rails in
222:game, spilling
181:
170:
164:
161:
146:
130:
119:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3009:
3007:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2976:Road transport
2968:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2835:Jersey barrier
2832:
2827:
2822:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2766:Unused highway
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2746:Traffic island
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2609:
2607:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2543:Drowsy driving
2540:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2425:Level crossing
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2360:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2124:Channelization
2121:
2116:
2111:
2109:3-way junction
2105:
2103:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2011:
2005:
2003:Road junctions
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1967:business route
1964:
1954:
1949:
1947:Road hierarchy
1944:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1895:Primitive road
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1766:County highway
1763:
1761:Collector road
1758:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1735:United Kingdom
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1670:Czech Republic
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1599:Limited-access
1592:
1586:
1585:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1524:
1523:External links
1521:
1519:
1518:
1481:
1454:
1422:
1406:
1371:
1347:
1323:
1299:
1282:
1258:
1234:
1210:
1192:
1168:
1143:
1119:
1105:. 2009-11-20.
1094:
1070:
1046:
1022:
998:
973:
948:
932:www.hse.gov.uk
919:
895:
866:
845:
817:
796:
776:
751:
749:
746:
744:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
716:Jersey barrier
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
686:Cable railings
682:
680:
677:
672:
671:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
623:
620:
611:Main article:
608:
605:
580:
577:
481:
478:
468:
465:
460:
459:
456:
453:
432:
429:
411:
408:
406:
403:
370:
367:
293:Cable railings
183:
182:
133:
131:
124:
118:
115:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3008:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2845:Noise barrier
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2802:Cable barrier
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2751:Traffic lanes
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:Refuge island
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2656:Living street
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2623:Climbing lane
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2600:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2525:Human factors
2522:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2490:Traffic light
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2440:Oversize load
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:Manhole cover
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2261:Crushed stone
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2144:Michigan left
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2096:Intersections
2092:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2045:Directional T
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:special route
1960:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1880:Frontage road
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1756:Arterial road
1754:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1740:United States
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1590:Types of road
1587:
1583:
1580:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1458:
1455:
1444:on 2010-04-18
1443:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1426:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1396:on 2015-01-05
1392:
1388:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1337:
1336:www.asafe.com
1333:
1327:
1324:
1313:
1312:www.asafe.com
1309:
1303:
1300:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1272:
1268:
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165:November 2017
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117:Public safety
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2860:Rumble strip
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2761:Truck bypass
2716:Shared space
2676:Passing lane
2661:Managed lane
2500:Washboarding
2495:Traffic sign
2420:Hairpin turn
2189:Texas U-turn
2119:Box junction
2013:Interchanges
1957:Route number
1865:Country lane
1510:. Retrieved
1506:the original
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1473:. Retrieved
1469:The Guardian
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1223:WireCrafters
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1158:. 2016-08-12
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1011:Ideal Shield
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333:such as the
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309:Wrought iron
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147:Please help
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2908:Performance
2840:Kassel kerb
2797:Botts' dots
2785:Demarcation
2515:Snow squall
2485:Storm drain
2450:Road debris
2375:Aquaplaning
2368:environment
2356:Road safety
2234:Cobblestone
2184:Superstreet
1989:Winter road
1937:Concurrency
1930:Other terms
1921:Sunken lane
1890:Main street
1835:Local roads
1360:www.mhi.org
1132:www.mmh.com
765:www.mhi.org
357:to prevent
327:Alvar Aalto
58:Guard rails
2970:Categories
2910:indicators
2879:Structures
2830:Guard rail
2706:Road verge
2480:Speed bump
2460:Road train
2281:Glassphalt
2221:Bioasphalt
2194:Turnaround
2169:Roundabout
2099:(at-grade)
2065:Roundabout
2030:Cloverleaf
1885:Green lane
1821:Trunk road
1749:Main roads
1632:By country
1512:2009-12-23
1475:2009-12-08
1448:2009-12-08
1400:2017-11-14
1365:2019-06-03
1341:2019-10-24
1317:2019-08-23
1276:2019-08-23
1252:2019-08-23
1228:2019-08-23
1186:2019-06-03
1162:2019-06-03
1137:2019-06-03
1113:2019-06-03
1088:2019-06-03
1064:2019-06-03
1040:2019-06-03
1016:2019-08-23
992:2019-06-03
967:2019-06-03
942:2019-06-03
913:2019-06-03
889:2019-06-03
860:2023-06-30
855:1002209835
811:2023-06-30
770:2019-08-20
748:References
663:Guidelines
648:Strategies
638:Principles
622:Technology
355:overpasses
216:guard rail
62:guardrails
51:Versailles
18:Guard wall
2701:Road diet
2618:Bike lane
2603:Space and
2579:Seat belt
2548:Road rage
2435:Oil spill
2395:Crosswind
2385:Black ice
2380:Avalanche
2306:Permeable
2139:Jughandle
2134:Hook turn
2040:Free-flow
1984:Toll road
1903:Side road
1860:Boulevard
1850:Back road
1816:Super two
1811:Ring road
1786:Link road
1685:Hong Kong
1640:Australia
1582:hierarchy
1501:The Times
806:966185775
359:accidents
297:balusters
286:balconies
278:balusters
274:stairways
270:buildings
228:sidelines
226:onto the
136:does not
78:finialled
45:, in the
2889:Causeway
2726:Shoulder
2562:Vehicles
2510:Whiteout
2470:Rockfall
2465:Roadkill
2390:Bleeding
2366:Road and
2326:Sealcoat
2251:Corduroy
2239:Concrete
2229:Chipseal
2208:Surfaces
2060:Raindrop
1875:Driveway
1870:Dead end
1801:2+2 road
1796:2+1 road
1720:Portugal
1710:Pakistan
1356:"ProGMA"
1107:Archived
1079:"Stocks"
741:Ironwork
711:Handrail
691:Baluster
679:See also
658:Patterns
643:Policies
628:artifact
607:Railways
585:cyclists
363:suicides
313:ironwork
282:catwalks
191:Sign in
108:handrail
97:palisade
66:railings
53:, France
2792:Bollard
2776:Woonerf
2505:Washout
2445:Pothole
2358:factors
2346:Texture
2316:Plastic
2296:Macadam
2085:Trumpet
2035:Diamond
1806:Parkway
1781:Highway
1695:Ireland
1675:Germany
1665:Croatia
1645:Belgium
1247:Wildeck
721:Parapet
696:Bollard
351:bridges
157:removed
142:sources
2885:Bridge
2569:Airbag
2341:Tarmac
2286:Gravel
2114:Bowtie
2055:Parclo
1979:Stroad
1942:Detour
1917:Street
1845:Avenue
1730:Taiwan
1715:Poland
1680:Greece
1655:Canada
1650:Brazil
986:Boplan
853:
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86:motifs
2311:Plank
2225:Brick
2075:Stack
1841:Alley
1725:Spain
1705:Nepal
1700:Italy
1690:India
1660:China
1394:(PDF)
1383:(PDF)
1294:(PDF)
343:fence
245:Many
90:gates
74:fence
2821:Curb
2652:Lane
2415:Ford
2331:Sett
2271:Dirt
1899:Road
1579:Road
851:OCLC
841:ISBN
802:OCLC
792:ISBN
391:OSHA
361:and
353:and
347:cage
257:and
224:fans
140:any
138:cite
2475:Rut
2410:Fog
2291:Ice
833:doi
567:and
563:and
496:A24
345:or
337:or
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