Belizean–Guatemalan territorial dispute

436:, to mediate the dispute. 3 years later, the Webster Proposals, a draft treaty to resolve the dispute, was publicly published. It did not accomplish its goal. The most controversial section is Article 9 of the draft, which details a shared governmental body, where Guatemala and Belize each put forth 3 ministers, and then a 7th person of "international prominence" is appointed as Chairman by the members. If no Chairman was picked within 45 days, the US government would pick. The US generally supported Guatemala over the UK and its overseas territories, but was also non-committal on the issue. This shared body ruled over Belize's external affairs, internal security, and defence, effectively handing control from the UK to Guatemala, despite becoming "independent" from the UK in the Proposals. It also has no clause revoking Guatemala's claim directly. The United States supported the proposals. In British Honduras, the public were in civil unrest after hearing the proposals, which led the United Kingdom to reject the draft. 525:, was initialled on 11 March 1981. Although the Heads of Agreement would have given only partial control and access to assets in each other's nations, it collapsed when Guatemala renewed its claims to Belize soil and Belizeans rioted against the British and their own government, claiming the Belizean negotiators were making too many concessions to Guatemala. When far-right political forces in Guatemala labelled the proposals as a sell-out, the Guatemalan government refused to ratify the agreement and withdrew from the negotiations. Meanwhile, the opposition in Belize engaged in violent demonstrations against the Heads of Agreement. The demonstrations resulted in four deaths, many injuries, and damage to the property of the 264: 414:, and for the next 40 years, Guatemala would be ruled by authoritarian military regimes. Guatemala also periodically massed troops on the border of British Honduras in a threatening posture. In 1957, responding to a Guatemalan threat to invade, a company of the Worcestershire Regiment was deployed, staying briefly and carrying out jungle training before leaving. On 21 January 1958, a force of pro-Guatemalan fighters from the Belize Liberation Army, who had likely been aided and encouraged by Guatemala, crossed the border and raised the Guatemalan flag. A British platoon was then deployed and exchanged fire with them, before arresting some 20 fighters. 327:

near the settlement of Belize", though it makes no mention of who pays, who builds nor where it is actually placed in between Belize City and Guatemala's capital. This section of the treaty was put in by Wyke, the British negotiator, by himself, surprising the British. Wyke understood the article to mean that half of the burden of building the road was put onto Britain, and the other half onto Guatemala. Aycinena, the Guatemalan negotiator, understood this article meant that the full burden was to be put onto Britain and Britain alone. The next few years were spent negotiating how to implement the road clause.

71: 457:) alongside 8,000 troops to Belize to conduct amphibious exercises. Guatemala responded by deploying its own troops along the border. Talks resumed in 1973, but broke off in 1975 when tensions flared once again. Guatemala again began massing troops on the border, and the United Kingdom responded by deploying troops, along with a battery of 105mm field guns, surface-to-air missiles, six fighter jets, and a frigate. Following this deployment, tensions were defused, largely as a result of many Guatemalan soldiers deserting. 725:

was due 8 December 2020 and Belize's was due 8 June 2022. As of 24 June 2022, Guatemala had until 8 December 2022 to reply to Belize's brief, and Belize had until 8 June 2023 to submit a Rejoinder to the court. It is thought that the court will likely rule in Belize's favour, given that the 1859 treaty was ratified by both sides and implemented by Guatemala for 80 years, that Guatemala has never occupied any part of Belize, and that Belize's boundaries have been recognized by virtually all independent states.

94:, neighbours in Central America. During the late 1600s and throughout the 1700s, Britain and Spain signed several treaties regarding territories in the Americas. Both nations agreed that the territory of modern-day Belize was under Spanish sovereignty though British settlers could use the land, in specific areas and for specific purposes. The area was never fully under British or Spanish rule at this time and the British settlers continually expanded far past the boundaries set by the treaties. When the 331:

were free from the obligations of building the road. Guatemala did not agree, and stated the treaty was one of cession of territory with compensation being the road. Britain could never agree to the Guatemalan terms since that would break the 1850 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty as it's effectively a land deal. In 1871, Guatemala experienced a Liberal revolution and in 1884, cast doubts on Britain being compliant with the 1859 treaty. Guatemala never officially declared the treaty void at this time, however.

287:. The new nations claimed they had inherited Spain's sovereign rights in the area. Guatemala's claims were one of two. They either claimed all of the Bay of Honduras, like the Spanish did previously, or they shared claims with Mexico, splitting the land into two along the Sibun River, with Mexico getting the northern half. The latter claim was formed in theory in the early 1800s, but there's speculation Mexico never wanted to act on claims to the settlement until the 1840s and 50s during the 33: 497:, however, was the first Spanish speaking country in the Western Hemisphere that, in December 1975, voted to support Belize on a UN resolution for Belize's independence. In 1975/6, Guatemala made further moves against Belize, but was deterred from invading, especially since British fighter jets had by then been permanently stationed there. In 1976, after the 2167: 142:. The referendums passed in both countries by May 2019. As of June 2022, both countries are now settling the dispute at the International Court of Justice, with both countries confirmed to have submitted their initial briefs to the organisation. The court is not expected to rule until 2025 at the earliest. 1450:

The crack in the Latin American support for Guatemala first appeared ... at the Summit Meeting of the Non- Aligned Countries held in Colombo, Sri Lanka in August 1976. Belize had been invited as a special guest, and was given special status in the Movement. ... Although Panama had

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Belize argued that Guatemala frustrated the country's legitimate aspirations to independence and that Guatemala was pushing an irrelevant claim and disguising its own colonial ambitions by trying to present the dispute as an effort to recover territory lost to a colonial power. Between 1975 and 1981,

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The United Kingdom did not agree to any of these proposals, proposing half the original 1859 amount again. Guatemala refused again and then suggested arbitration with the President of the United States as the arbitor. The UK declined and instead suggested that the issue be settled by the Hague Court.

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The treaty also specified that these borders had been established before 1850, satisfying the 1850 treaty by merely declaring accepted boundaries for the territory, not extending Britain's influence. Article VII of the treaty also talked about a road being built from "Guatemala to the Atlantic Coast,

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Also in the 1820s, the Baymen had expanded as far south as the Sarstoon River, and much farther west, violating the boundaries of the treaties Britain had agreed to. In 1834, Belizean magistrates defined the boundaries of the settlement as the Hondo on the north, the Sarstoon on the south, and in the

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of 1670, Spain confirmed England was to hold all territories in the Western Hemisphere that it had already settled. However, the treaty did not specify which areas were considered settled. English settlers were already in the territory when the treaty was signed, but was not exclusively under British

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made statements strongly in support of Guatemala's longstanding territorial claim to Belize, saying, "Something is happening right now, we are about to lose Belize. We have not lost it yet. We still have the possibility of going to the International Court of Justice where we can fight that territory

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Beginning at the mouth of the River Sarstoon in the Bay of Honduras, and proceeding up the mid-channel thereof to Gracias á Dios Falls; then turning to the right and continuing by a line drawn direct from Gracias á Dios Falls to Garbutt's Falls on the River Belize, and from Garbutt's Falls due north

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as long as no forts were built and no troops were on the island. All of the aforementioned treaties also specified that the territory could be used only for logging and scavenging within the areas outlined, that Spanish sovereignty still existed in the region and that local government was only to be

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As of 7 June 2019, the ICJ was seized of the dispute, having received requests from both countries to resolve the dispute. On 22 April 2020, the ICJ extended the due dates for briefs from both countries about the matter, due to the COVID-19 pandemic's interference in their preparations. Guatemala's

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In each of the annual votes on this issue in the UN, the United States abstained, thereby giving the Guatemalan government some hope that it would retain United States backing. Finally, in November 1980, the UN passed a resolution with the backing of the United States, and 0 No votes, that demanded

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In 1862, the Bay of Honduras officially became a crown colony under the name British Honduras. By 1869, negotiations had stalled about the road. Guatemala and Britain tried to negotiate an Additional Convention, which Guatemala flatly rejected. Britain, using Guatemala's refusal, declared that they

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was signed in 1763, Britain agreed to demolish British forts in the region and gave Spain sovereignty over the soil, while Spain agreed the Baymen could continue logging wood in the territory. From this treaty until 1859, the territory is now formally referred to as the British Settlement of Belize

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in 1859 regarding the disputed area. The treaty stated that Guatemala would recognise British sovereignty over the region and formed the modern-day boundary lines of Belize. The treaty also had an article about building a mutually beneficial road though it was never built. Shortly after this treaty

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Without expressly recognising British sovereignty over the territory, Mexico granted legitimacy to the existence of the British colony in the Yucatán Peninsula. As for territorial limits, both sides took the Rio Hondo as their natural boundary and based the demarcation on the 1859 Anglo-Guatemalan

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Neither Spain nor Guatemala had any evidence of occupying the newly claimed region, despite technically still being under Spanish sovereignty. Britain also refused to acknowledge the Federal Republic of Central America and negotiate with them over the territory. Instead, Britain deferred to Spain,

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leaders and their families. A state of emergency was declared. However, the opposition could offer no real alternatives. With the prospect of independence celebrations in the offing, the opposition's morale fell. Independence came to Belize on 21 September 1981, without reaching an agreement with

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In August 1931, an exchange of notes between the UK and Guatemala reaffirmed the borders from the 1859 treaty. These notes show that Guatemala and the UK wanted to finish the demarcation process of the border in 1929. It is confirmed that both governments' commissioners met and constructed the

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Throughout the 20th century, tensions flared up intermittently between Guatemala and British Honduras. A series of notes in 1931 were exchanged between Guatemala and the UK, confirming concrete markers implementing part of the 1859 border lines, showing that the treaty was being upheld by both

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asking for formal cession of sovereignty. Spain never formally responded to the request, though in 1836, Spain's Foreign Minister indicated Spain would be able to cede the territory to Britain. Guatemala was officially recognized in 1849 by the British government through a commercial treaty.

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Mexico's claim on British Honduras was dropped in a treaty with Britain in 1893 to end the Caste War. The Rio Hondo was picked as the boundary line between British Honduras and Mexico, solidifying the "Mexican frontier" portion of the 1859 border and providing some legitimacy to the colony.

118:. Britain stationed troops in British Honduras to secure the region against Guatemalan invasion and many negotiations attempting to resolve the dispute took place over the following decades. Belize and the British pursued a path to independence, eventually culminating in the 669:(ICJ). A "Special Agreement" on submitting the issue to the ICJ was signed on 8 December 2008. In the Special Agreement, a referendum was to be held on the issue simultaneously in Belize and Guatemala on 6 October 2013, but Guatemala did not go through with the process. 1361:... [The US] was to be polite and friendly but non-committal about the issue of Belize ... When asked for money, materials, or direct aid the US was most likely to reassure Guatemala of their continued support but not take any significant action. 575:, reasserting Guatemala's claim. As a new line of reasoning for their claim (instead of basing it on the 1859 treaty), Guatemala asserted that it had inherited Spain's 1494 and 18th century claims on Belize and was owed more than half of Belize's land mass, from the 672:

In May 2015, Belize allowed Guatemala to proceed with a referendum asking the ICJ to definitively rule on the dispute although Belize by its own admission is not ready for such a vote. Guatemala was initially expected to hold its referendum on the issue during its

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50,000) in 1859, with interest accruing since. Britain, in August 1936, counter offered with half the original 1859 price but no interest and recognition of the 1859 border, which Guatemala did not accept. A month later, President Ubico suggested 3 new proposals:

138:. Guatemala and Belize both stationed troops at the border, with a one-kilometre "adjacency zone" drawn on either side of the 1859 treaty borders. In 2008, Guatemala and Belize made a pact to have simultaneous referendums for their voters to send the issue to the 344:

concrete monument markers for the border. One was constructed on Garbutt's Falls, and another was constructed on Gracias á Dios Falls. The Guatemalan Ministry For Foreign Affairs accepted that these markers were built and defined "part of the boundary line".

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began to campaign for Belize's cause. Panama subsequently became the first Central American country to vote for Belize's independence in the UN. From 1977 onward, the border was constantly patrolled and observation posts monitored key points. In 1979, the

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the independence of Belize, with all its territory intact, before the end of the next session of the UN in 1981. The UN called on Britain to continue defending the new nation of Belize. It also called on all member countries to offer their assistance.

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A significant milestone in that dialogue was achieved on September 7, 2005, when the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of both countries met right here in this very house to sign the Agreement on a Framework for Negotiations and Confidence‐Building

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at OAS headquarters in Washington, D.C. Eventually they agreed to establish an "adjacency zone" extending one kilometre (0.62 mi) on either side of the 1859 treaty line, now designated the "adjacency line", and to continue negotiations.

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Guatemala did not believe that the Hague had the ability to settle the dispute. The United Kingdom became fed up and refused to continue negotiations. In 1939, Guatemala's Foreign Ministry published a supplementary section to

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The border dispute has been quieter since Belize's independence. Guatemala eventually recognised the independence of Belize in the early 1990s. In 1999, however, Guatemala shifted its stance back to inheriting claims from the

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to various international forums. The Belize government felt that by gaining international support, it could strengthen its position, weaken Guatemala's claims, and make it harder for Britain to make any concessions.

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in 1944, Guatemala adopted a new constitution. In the constitution, as a temporary resolution, Guatemala declared British Honduras part of Guatemala and the integration of it into Guatemala as a national interest.

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in various Summits, and at meetings of the United Nations (UN). The support of the Nonaligned Movement proved crucial and assured success at the UN. Governments from the Americas initially supported Guatemala.

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been previously committed in a signed declaration of Central American countries to support Guatemala's claim, General Torrijos became convinced of the justice of the Belizean struggle for Independence...

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In September 2005, Belize, Guatemala and the OAS signed the Confidence Building Measures document, committing the parties to avoid conflicts or incidents on the ground conducive to tension between them.

310:. This presented a problem for Britain since the last time the settlement's boundaries were negotiated was in 1786, and the local government had unilaterally declared new expansive boundaries by then. 317:, Guatemala agreed to recognize Britain's sovereignty over the area. The treaty derived its boundary from the Belizean magistrates of 20 years prior, stating the boundary line in Article I as follows: 935:

However, Spanish attacks continued [after the 1786 Convention of London] until a decisive victory was won by settlers, with British naval support, in the Battle of St. George's Caye in 1798.

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A last attempt was made to reach an agreement with Guatemala prior to the independence of Belize. The Belizean representatives to the talks made no concessions, and a proposal, called the

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In 1994, British Forces Belize was disbanded and most British troops left Belize, but the British maintained a training presence via the British Army Training and Support Unit Belize and

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Two years later, Guatemala inquired the United Kingdom about complying with Article VII. In 1934, the United Kingdom declared their desire to build a road from Belize City to the edge of

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A series of meetings, begun in 1969, ended abruptly in 1972 when the United Kingdom, in response to intelligence suggesting an imminent Guatemalan invasion, announced it was sending the

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passing a resolution to guarantee Belizean independence. In an attempt to settle the dispute before Belize's official independence in 1981, Guatemala, the UK, and Belize negotiated the

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At this point, the Belizean and British governments, frustrated at dealing with the military-dominated regimes in Guatemala, agreed on a new strategy that would take the case for

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said resolving the dispute was his main political goal. He proposed referendums for the citizens of Belize and Guatemala, asking whether they support referring the issue to the

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fell, Guatemala said that it inherited Spain's sovereign rights over the territory. Since independence Guatemala has claimed, in whole or in part, the territory of Belize.

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to make British Honduras an "associated state" of Guatemala. Price reiterated his goal of leading the colony to independence. In 1963, Guatemala broke off talks and ended

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parties at this point. Less than 10 years later, Guatemala renewed its claims on the area, using the broken promise of the road as justification for the 1859 treaty to be

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This claim amounts to 12,272 km (4,738 sq mi) of territory, or roughly 53% of the country. The claim includes significant portions of the current Belizean

1105: 351:, where Guatemala would continue building the road to its capital. Guatemala did not agree to this compromise. Instead, they asked for half of the expense of the road ( 1647: 557:

Significant negotiations between Belize and Guatemala, with the United Kingdom as an observer, resumed in 1988. Guatemala recognised Belize's independence in 1991 and

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On 15 April 2019, during the crisis over the delay of the Belizean referendum, three Guatemalan gunboats prevented the Belizean coast guard from patrolling the

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Negotiations between the United Kingdom and Guatemala began again in 1961, but the elected representatives of British Honduras had no voice in these talks.

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In February 1948, Guatemala threatened to invade and forcibly annex the territory, and the British responded by deploying two companies from 2nd Battalion

177:, with Spain claiming the territories to its west. However, England, like many other powers of the late 15th century, did not recognize the treaty. After 3593: 3522: 1153:...Guatemala sought material compensation and access to the sea which it never received and, consequently, in 1884 it denounced the [1859] Treaty 716:

On 8 May 2019, the referendum in Belize was finally held, and 55.4% of voters agreed to allow the International Court of Justice to resolve the dispute.

2213: 1106:"el Gobierno de Guatemala protesta por la falta de cumplimiento del de l Gobierno de Gran Bretanya y declara que ella no affecta sus legitimos derechos" 692:. Belize claims it shot in self defence after being fired upon, but the teenager's father and Guatemala claim the Belizean forces were the aggressors. 554:

to invade, but these fears never materialised. Around this time, Belize claims that they were not bound by the 1859 treaty since they did not sign it.

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and, by succession, to the Republic of Guatemala, specifically the area from the Sibun River to the Sarstoon River, which is an integral part of the

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In 1965, the United Kingdom and Guatemala agreed to have an American lawyer by the name of Bethual M. Webster, appointed by United States President

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Spain had several skirmishes with the Baymen, even after the 1786 convention. Spain's last military attempt to dislodge the settlers was the 1798

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Without recognition of either the British or Spanish governments, the Baymen in Belize started electing magistrates as early as 1738. When the

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On 13 January 2017, Belizean law changed from requiring any referendums vote to have 60% voter turnout to a simple majority vote.

550:. There was a serious fear of a Guatemalan invasion in April 1982, when it was thought that Guatemala might take advantage of the 2379: 450: 1584: 3598: 3341: 2495: 1986: 1678: 1543: 1516: 1489: 1462: 1416: 1165: 1136: 996: 638: 1777: 1088: 1042: 3336: 3167: 2950: 2591: 1299: 744: 666: 139: 2337: 2255: 2201: 1651: 1246: 246: 1374: 3439: 3346: 2774: 2299: 2238: 2230: 790: 3366: 3356: 3331: 3209: 2724: 2601: 2414: 429:

with the United Kingdom. In 1964, the United Kingdom granted British Honduras self-government under a new constitution.

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was finally held on 15 April 2018. 95.88% of voters supported sending the claim to the ICJ. Voter turnout was 25%. The

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Guatemala. Belize was admitted into the UN just 4 days later, with Guatemala as the sole vote against the resolution.

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By the 1820s, the Spanish Empire was quickly losing its grip in Central America and New Spain. New Spain (now Mexico)

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On 20 April 2016, tensions rose as Belizean forces fatally shot a 13/14-yr old Guatemalan teenager and resulted in a

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treaty. The treaty was vehemently rejected by the Belizean people, to the point of causing a state of emergency.

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was scheduled for 10 April 2019; however, challenges to the legality of the referendum caused it to be delayed.

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in 1821. Guatemala, with other Central American states, declared independence without resistance and, after

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Map of the border between British Honduras and Guatemala as delineated in the Wyke–Aycinena Treaty of 1859.

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placed personnel at the edge of the internationally recognised border. Belizean patrols incorporating

17: 3573: 3526: 3310: 3121: 2945: 2887: 2859: 2807: 2656: 2517: 2315: 1990: 1911: 623: 604: 558: 547: 426: 280: 249:, where Spain failed to capture any land. Regular censuses of the settlement were conducted in 1816. 238: 222: 174: 102: 1863: 263: 3475: 3326: 3298: 3291: 3204: 3104: 3099: 2666: 2651: 2611: 2480: 2475: 2367: 2175: 1811:"Guatemala may hold Belize territorial dispute referendum this year: Belize yet to announce a date" 1747: 543: 489: 454: 443: 422: 348: 162: 83: 1944: 3506: 3501: 3187: 3078: 3058: 3020: 2844: 2676: 2522: 2438: 1221: 1193:"The boundaries of power. The geopolitical configuration of Mexico's borders in the 19th century" 1013: 897: 588: 472: 418: 2055: 1583:

Lauterpacht, Elihu; Stephen Schwebel; Shabtai Rosenne; Francisco Orrego Vicuña (November 2001).

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On 18 October 1999, Guatemala's Foreign Minister sent a letter to the Prime Minister of Belize,

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400,000 to Guatemala and Britain should cede the southern half of British Honduras to Guatemala

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west, a line from Garbutt's Falls to the Hondo in the north and to the Sarstoon in the south.

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in Belize. On 24 February 2000, personnel from the two nations encountered each other in

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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Belizean leaders stated their case for self-determination at a meeting of the heads of

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until 2011, when the last British forces, except for seconded advisers, left Belize.

565: 551: 502: 2217: 842:(Tim Merrill, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (January 1992). 546:

of Harrier fighter jets. The British also trained and strengthened the newly formed

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Belize/Guatemala ICJ Compromis Signed at OAS in Washington, D.C. on 8 December 2008

1192: 226: 182: 107: 2034:"Belize votes to have UN court rule on age-old territorial dispute with Guatemala" 1296: 3269: 3146: 3141: 3126: 3035: 3005: 2830: 662: 629:

In February 2000, a Belizean patrol shot and killed a Guatemalan in the area of

615:. The majority of Belizeans are strongly opposed to becoming part of Guatemala. 576: 514:

government in Nicaragua declared unequivocal support for an independent Belize.

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control either, which gave room for Spain to claim sovereignty over the region.

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But with a definitive ruling not expected until next year, or possibly later...

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Districts, well to the north of the internationally accepted border along the

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The Government of Guatemala contends that the territory which belonged to the

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Britain should cede the same section of land in the previous proposal and pay

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and surrounding areas, shipwrecked English seamen, then English and Scottish

3444: 3000: 2671: 2256:"Belize-Guatemala territorial dispute and its implications for conservation" 2193: 858: 763: 572: 91: 2143:"Why Belize Is Likely to Prevail in Its Territorial Dispute With Guatemala" 1434: pages 17-18. 8 December 1975. Retrieved 27 August 2022. 791:"This Centuries-Old Border Dispute Pits an Army Against Unarmed Volunteers" 542:

to protect the country from Guatemala, consisting of an army battalion and

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in the Bay of Honduras, sometimes shortened to "the Bay of Honduras". The

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members and police forces took up positions on their side of the border.

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established for maintaining peace, not for civil nor military purposes.

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Guatemala's Territorial, Insular and Maritime Claim (Guatemala/Belize)

2187: 2085:"Extension of the time-limits for the filing of the initial pleadings" 1561: page 5. 25 September 1981. Retrieved 1 September 2022. 360:

Britain should "return" British Honduras to Guatemala in exchange for

3274: 2739: 2295: 1534: page 7. 11 November 1980. Retrieved 1 September 2022. 1279:. New Orleans, Middle American Research Institute, Tulane University. 506: 186: 87: 1798:

But Guatemala in 2013 froze the required referendum process ...

1009: 1883:"Guatemala/Belize conflict erupts following another border killing" 2264: 1480: page 8. 1 December 1976. Retrieved 27 August 2022. 262: 69: 1166:"The Mariscal-Spencer Treaty between Mexico and England in 1893" 637:. The two countries held further talks on 14 March 2000, at the 494: 2803: 2268: 378:

50,000 at a 4% interest rate, with interest accruing from 1859

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tribes had massacred Spanish conquistadors and missionaries in

2799: 1968:"Court of Appeal declines intervention in ICJ referendum case" 884:"British Honduras—Development of Its International Boundaries" 193:, with a short military alliance with native residents of the 26: 2171: 1733:"Belize & Guatemala Sign Special Agreement in Washington" 1675:"Office of the OAS General Secretariat in the Adjacency Zone" 923:"Brief History of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belize" 1700:"Signing of Special Agreement between Belize and Guatemala" 766:), a Mexican state that was claimed by Guatemala until 1895 1585:"Legal Opinion on Guatemala's Territorial Claim to Belize" 1348:

THE COLD WAR AND US-GUATEMALAN RELATIONS DURING THE 1960'S

1616:

Contreras, Geovanni; Manuel Hernández (23 January 2013).

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Legal Opinion on Guatemala's Territorial Claim to Belize

1778:"Guatemala sets stage for referendum over Belize border" 677:

in October 2015, but such a vote was not on the ballot.

1677:. OAS Office in the Adjacency Zone. Washington, D.C.: 948:"A Historical Recollection-Belize Population Censuses" 1090:

Hertslet's commercial treaties: A complete collection

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Hertslet's commercial treaties: A complete collection

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Hertslet's commercial treaties: A complete collection

233:

was signed to extend the logging border down to the

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south of Belize, and often welcoming former British

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Wauchope, Robert (ed.). 221:marked where the Baymen could log between the 2815: 2280: 1864:"Belize and Guatemala to amend ICJ compromis" 1135:Gorina-Ysern, Montserrat (19 December 2000). 1036: 1034: 852: 850: 848: 8: 2251:Summary of Legal Opinion of 25 November 2008 1375:"This day in History: The Webster Proposals" 1292: 1290: 1288: 1286: 1241: 1239: 985: 2065:. United Nations. 1 August 2019. p. 55 1641: 1639: 983: 981: 979: 977: 975: 973: 971: 969: 967: 965: 2822: 2808: 2800: 2639: 2635: 2561: 2443: 2372: 2287: 2273: 2265: 2226:Belize Leading Counsel of 19 December 2008 2222:Compromis for Christmas of 8 December 2008 1207: 832: 830: 828: 826: 824: 822: 820: 818: 816: 713:on the border between the two countries. 90:(formerly known as British Honduras) and 1834: 1832: 1571:Dion E. Phillips: The Military of Belize 237:and the ability to settle in the nearby 110:under British rule as British Honduras. 2348:Belizean–Guatemalan territorial dispute 1143:. American Society of International Law 1004:(3). Oxford University Press: 387–404. 781: 80:Belizean–Guatemalan territorial dispute 1446:"Belize The Struggle For Independence" 1345:Tomlins, David Brennan (August 2011). 675:second round of presidential elections 661:In June 2008, Belizean Prime Minister 499:5th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement 322:until it strikes the Mexican frontier. 18:Guatemalan claim to Belizean territory 1872:, 12 May 2015. (accessed 14 May 2015) 488:, the conference of ministers of the 101:Guatemala and Britain negotiated the 7: 3604:International Court of Justice cases 1673:Secretariat for Political Affairs. 1191:Zepeda, Beatriz (21 October 2021). 585:Federal Republic of Central America 285:Federal Republic of Central America 136:Federal Republic of Central America 2343:British Honduras (1862–1981) 2174:from websites or documents of the 1937:"Guatemalans say "Yes" to the ICJ" 789:Romero, Simon (15 February 2024). 631:Mountain Pine Ridge Forest Reserve 25: 3594:Territorial disputes of Guatemala 1104:Medina, Crisanto (5 April 1884). 896:(2). Sage Publications: 111–114. 603:Districts, as well as all of the 63:Border dispute in Central America 2190:, International Court of Justice 2170: This article incorporates 2165: 1277:"Study in Government: Guatemala" 591:, must be returned to Guatemala. 412:overthrew Guatemala's government 169:, dividing the newly discovered 31: 1943:. 20 April 2018. Archived from 1679:Organization of American States 1544:United Nations General Assembly 1517:United Nations General Assembly 1490:United Nations General Assembly 1463:United Nations General Assembly 1417:United Nations General Assembly 1392:White, Rowland (1 April 2010). 639:Organization of American States 151:Early colonial era (1600s–1821) 3589:Territorial disputes of Belize 3584:Political history of Guatemala 2592:Environmental issues in Belize 2121:International Court of Justice 2092:International Court of Justice 2063:International Court of Justice 1060:"Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850)" 992:"The Anglo-Guatemalan Dispute" 745:Foreign relations of Guatemala 720:International Court of Justice 667:International Court of Justice 538:Britain continued to maintain 253:Late colonial era (1821–1930s) 140:International Court of Justice 1: 3088:Eastern and Southeastern Asia 2260:Tropical Conservation Science 1357:1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-10026 1326:. 29 April 1968. pp. 8–9 1093:. Vol. 11. Butterworths. 990:Humphreys, R.A. (July 1948). 863:. Vol. 2. Butterworths. 1047:. Vol. 8. Butterworths. 925:. Government of Belize. 2019 685:or part of that territory." 680:Former Guatemalan president 461:1975 to independence in 1981 315:Wyke–Aycinena Treaty of 1859 302:In 1850, Britain signed the 283:, the new states formed the 3579:Political history of Belize 2338:Battle of St. George's Caye 1590:. p. 7. Archived from 1373:BBN Staff (29 April 2018). 882:Reyner, Anthony S. (1963). 740:Foreign relations of Belize 247:Battle of St. George's Caye 3620: 3569:Belize–Guatemala relations 3161:Central and Eastern Europe 2617:Water resources management 1646:Phillips, Dion E. (2002). 464: 392:overthrow of General Ubico 256: 154: 3523:Border changes since 1914 3515: 2761: 2642: 2638: 2564: 2446: 2375: 1845:28 September 2015 at the 1306:. Britains-smallwars.com. 641:(OAS) in the presence of 467:Heads of Agreement Crisis 219:1783 Treaty of Versailles 40:This article needs to be 3198:unification with Moldova 2881:Turks and Caicos Islands 1648:"The Military of Belize" 1087:Hertslet, Lewis (1864). 1041:Hertslet, Lewis (1851). 857:Hertslet, Lewis (1840). 400:Gloucestershire Regiment 231:Anglo-Spanish Convention 3564:Belize–Guatemala border 3248:unification with Kosovo 2114:"Order of 24 June 2022" 1989:. San Ignacio, Belize: 1985:Staff (10 April 2019). 1507: 11 November 1980. 839:A Country Study: Belize 735:Belize–Guatemala border 653:Developments since 2005 482:Commonwealth of Nations 406:. In 1954, a US-backed 106:the territory became a 3599:International disputes 3457:Greater Germanic Reich 3255:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2172:public domain material 2036:. CBC News. 9 May 2019 1972:breakingbelizenews.com 1912:"Belize and Guatemala" 1379:breakingbelizenews.com 1317:"The Webster Proposal" 593: 324: 277:a brief two-year stint 268: 86:between the states of 75: 3445:Annexation of Austria 2147:World Politics Review 1302:15 April 2014 at the 997:International Affairs 770:British Forces Belize 700:Guatemalan referendum 540:British Forces Belize 527:People's United Party 304:Clayton-Bulwer Treaty 273:declared independence 266: 167:Treaty of Tordesillas 73: 3105:annexation of Taiwan 2214:U.K. Congratulations 2210:U.S. Congratulations 1991:Breaking Belize News 1444:M.A. Romero (2011). 624:Belize Defence Force 559:diplomatic relations 548:Belize Defence Force 455:Blackburn Buccaneers 427:diplomatic relations 281:First Mexican Empire 103:Wyke-Aycinena Treaty 2176:Library of Congress 1597:on 12 November 2012 1573:. Cavehill.uwi.edu. 1209:10.4000/ideas.11909 620:Guatemalan military 589:Province of Verapaz 544:No. 1417 Flight RAF 490:Nonaligned Movement 367:Britain should pay 161:In 1494, Spain and 84:territorial dispute 2989:Western Azerbaijan 2923:Dominican Republic 2602:Telecommunications 1503:Question of Belize 869:2027/uc1.$ b588006 561:were established. 523:Heads of Agreement 473:self-determination 449:and her air wing ( 269: 124:Heads of Agreement 76: 3551: 3550: 3518:Related concepts: 2797: 2796: 2757: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2625: 2624: 2551: 2550: 2533:Political parties 2528:National Assembly 2486:Foreign relations 2433: 2432: 2358:Belize since 1981 1887:en.mercopress.com 1838:Trujillo, Renee. 1815:The San Pedro Sun 1788:. 17 January 2018 1782:sg.news.yahoo.com 1757:. 8 December 2008 1720:Measures ... 1709:. 8 December 2008 704:Belize referendum 643:Secretary General 534:Post-independence 239:St. George's Caye 229:rivers. 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