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than the three
Guggenheim collections in New York and Venice combined at that time. The 11,000 m of exhibition space are distributed over nineteen galleries, ten of which follow a classic orthogonal plan that can be identified from the exterior by their stone finishes. The remaining nine galleries are irregularly shaped and can be identified from the outside by their swirling organic forms and titanium cladding. The largest gallery measures 30 meters wide and 130 meters long (98 ft × 427 ft). In 2005, it housed
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717:. Almost immediately after its opening, the Guggenheim Bilbao became a popular tourist attraction, drawing visitors from around the globe. In its first three years, almost 4 million tourists visited the museum, helping to generate about €500 million in economic activity. The regional council estimated that the money visitors spent on hotels, restaurants, shops and transport allowed it to collect €100 million in taxes, which more than paid for the building cost.
411:
304:'s decrepit port area, once the city's main source of income. The Basque government agreed to cover the US$ 100 million construction cost, to create a US$ 50 million acquisitions fund, to pay a one-time US$ 20 million fee to the Guggenheim and to subsidize the museum's US$ 12 million annual budget. In exchange, the foundation agreed to manage the institution, rotate parts of its permanent collection through the Bilbao museum and organize temporary exhibitions.
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368:, encouraged him to design something daring and innovative. The curves on the exterior of the building were intended to appear random; the architect said that "the randomness of the curves are designed to catch the light". The interior "is designed around a large, light-filled atrium with views of Bilbao's estuary and the surrounding hills of the Basque country". The atrium, which Gehry nicknamed
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for the cavernous ground-floor gallery. After another audit in 2008 revealed that money was missing from accounts, the foundation said that it filed a case against the director, Roberto
Cearsolo Barrenetxea, "for financial and accounting irregularities", asserting that he had admitted diverting money
560:
software for the schematic design phase of the museum to digitize and model the exterior of the museum project. Essentially, this software calculated point by point the stresses to which materials are subjected, by generating a 3D model showing the different tensions and allowing the values of many
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River in the ancient industrial heart of the city; while modest from street level, it is most impressive when viewed from the river. With a total 24,000 m (260,000 sq ft), of which 11,000 m (120,000 sq ft) are dedicated to exhibition space, it had more exhibition space
575:
Pulitzer prize winning architectural critic Paul
Goldberger shares the words of others that Bilbao "could not have been constructed without CATIA". He further stated that Bilbao "was the first building for which CATIA played a role in almost every aspect of the design and construction process".
468:
The museum building used more than 25,000 tonnes (25,000 long tons; 28,000 short tons) of concrete, or 10,000 cubic metres (350,000 cu ft), as it required deep and solid foundations. The foundation was laid on reinforced concrete piles driven into the bedrock at an average depth of 14
796:
was positive about approaching the building but criticized the museum's interior effect, saying "nce you get indoors things are a little different. Even the so-called site-specific works didn't look too happy to me. Most of the interior spaces are too vast." He went on to describe how works by
526:
because of their toxicity. Many tests have been carried out with different materials to find one that would withstand heat and bad weather, while maintaining its character. It was during this research process that tests were started on titanium samples and the best treatment was found.
450:" prevailed during construction, to prevent political and business interests from interfering with the design. Second, he made sure he had a detailed and realistic cost estimate before proceeding. Third, he used computer visualizations produced by Rick Smith employing
592:, and displays the work of Basque artists, "as well as housing a selection of works" from the foundation's modern art collection. In 1997, the museum opened with "The Guggenheim Museums and the Art of This Century", a 300-piece overview of 20th-century art from
507:, cut from 5 cm (2.0 in) thick slabs. The building is clear thanks to the walls, specially treated to protect the interior from the effects of the sun. The glass of the windows has also been treated to prevent light from damaging the exposed pieces.
311:, at a cost of US$ 89 million. About 5,000 residents of Bilbao attended a preopening extravaganza outside the museum on the night preceding the official opening, featuring an outdoor light show and concerts. On 18 October 1997 the museum was opened by
271:, it has been hailed as a "signal moment in the architectural culture", because it represents "one of those rare moments when critics, academics, and the general public were all completely united about something", according to architectural critic
645:
sculptures designed by Serra, which is housed in the 130-meter
Arcelor Gallery (formerly known as the Fish Gallery but renamed in 2005 for the steel manufacturer that sponsored the project). The collections usually highlight
561:
structural elements of the museum to be calculated: the steel structure, titanium cladding or foundations, among others. It also helped to automate the cutting of materials such as stone or titanium plates.
568:
during the previous two years. The success and global awareness of the
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao ushered in a new era of Virtual Building and was a catalyst for what would become popularly known as
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During the conception, the pieces were designed to resist the bad weather, that is why a quilted rather than undulated shape was chosen, to resist the wind, and to avoid vibrations during storms.
418:
The museum is seamlessly integrated into the urban context, unfolding its interconnecting shapes of stone, glass and titanium on a 32,500-square-meter (350,000 sq ft) site along the
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Titanium is a low-polluting material, and each part has been designed differently according to its orientation on the building, so they correspond perfectly with the curves desired by Gehry.
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or
Russian art. Traditional paintings and sculptures are a minority compared to installations and electronic forms. The highlight of the collection, and its only permanent exhibit, is
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suggested that the Bilbao effect should be called the Bilbao anomaly, "for the iconic chemistry between the design of building, its image and the public turns out to be rather rare."
886:
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According to a report issued in 2007 by the Basque Court of
Auditors, the museum paid more than US$ 27 million for the acquisition of art between 2002 and 2005, including Serra's
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650:, 20th century abstraction, and non-objective art. When the museum announced the 2011 exhibition "The Luminous Interval", a show of artwork belonging to Greek businessman
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775:" refers to how the museum transformed the city. The term, however, has also been employed by critics who have denounced the museum as a symbol of
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654:, who is also a museum trustee, this met with criticism of, among other things, too much curatorial power for a serious benefactor. In 2005,
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534:, in the United States, the rolling allowed to obtain titanium plates only 0.4 mm (0.016 in) thick, which is much thinner than if
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The architects applied Master
Modeling and Virtual Build Processes they learned from Rick Smith and his use of the same techniques on the
375:
When the museum opened to the public in 1997, it was immediately hailed as one of the world's most spectacular buildings in the style of
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plates had been used. Moreover, titanium is about half the weight of steel, and the museum's titanium coating represents only 60 tons.
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Its lamination process is delicate and has to be done in places with high energy sources, that is why the laminated parts were made in
331:
In 2008, the
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao announced that it was looking into building a 5,000 m (53,800 sq ft) expansion in
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and features permanent and visiting exhibits of works by
Spanish and international artists. It was inaugurated on 18 October 1997 by
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In 2021–2022, the eighteen cleaners (mostly women) went on strike for nine months until they got raises and full-time contracts.
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1192:"The Architect's New Museum in Bilbao, Spain, Emerges as a Testament to One Man's Optimism Amid a Landscape of Industrial Decay"
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379:(although Gehry does not associate himself with that architectural movement), a masterpiece of the 20th century. Architect
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to new media art. Most pieces came from the Guggenheim's permanent collection, but the museum also acquired paintings by
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275:. The museum was the building most frequently named as one of the most important works completed since 1980 in the 2010
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454:' CATIA V3 software and collaborated closely with the individual building trades to control costs during construction.
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from two companies that manage the Guggenheim Bilbao building and its art collection to his own account since 1998.
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structure. The museum's exterior skin is made of 33,000 titanium plates, a material that has been used to replace
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The building was constructed on time and budget, which is rare for architecture of this type. In an interview in
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Caso práctic : La Planificación Estratégica del Museo Guggenheim Bilbao desde una perspectiva de Marketing
870:
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2031:"Limpiadoras del Guggenheim desconvocan la huelga indefinida tras un acuerdo para una subida salarial del 20%"
1948:
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1522:"Gehry Technologies Extends Partnership with Dassault Systèmes to Develop Solutions for Building Industry"
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434:
312:
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2061:
Guggenheim Bilbao, 2000, Connaissance des Arts (Société Française de Promotion Artistique); no. especial.
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The museum houses "large-scale, site-specific works and installations by contemporary artists", such as
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1997:
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The exhibitions change often; the museum generally hosts thematic exhibitions, centered for example on
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1245:"Guggenheim's Long-Awaited Expansion to Spanish Nature Reserve Moves Closer to Becoming a Reality"
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609:
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56:
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2005:
1956:
1933:
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1691:"Bird's-eye rendering of the Arcelor Gallery with layout of installation "The Matter of Time""
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and required the embedment of 665 pilings piles, driven into the ground by boring machines.
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a publication conducting case studies on the museum as a large scale development project
743:(2007), in which it is the setting for the music video of the song "Style", composed by
17:
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1982:
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1218:"Homenaje al ertzaina asesinado por ETA en el Guggenheim: "Se han olvidado de Txema""
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739:
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585:
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260:
245:
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1882:
1101:"CNN – Security tight before Guggenheim Museum opens in Basque city – Oct. 18, 1997"
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2101:
982:"The 100 most popular art museums in the world—blockbusters, bots and bounce-backs"
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who interrupted their attempt to set up grenade launchers to attack the opening.
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2518:
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2427:
2128:, an analysis of the relationships between the city of Bilbao and globalization.
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of Spain, with an exhibition of 250 contemporary works of art. It is one of the
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391:, characterized it as "a fantastic dream ship of undulating form in a cloak of
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2009:
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129:
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Scholars on Bilbao – academic works that analyse Bilbao's urban regeneration
1914:"Public Spectacle: Mark Godfrey and Rosie Bennett talk to Brian O'Doherty,"
308:
446:, Gehry explained how he did it. First, he ensured that what he calls the "
2158:
1041:
2595:
2458:
2134:: The Story of the Evolution of Digital Practice in Frank Gehry's office.
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The museum was opened as part of a revitalization effort for the city of
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395:," its brilliantly reflective panels also reminiscent of fish scales.
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because of its shape, serves as the organizing center of the museum.
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335:, an estuary to the east of Bilbao. By 2022, the government of the
2097:
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao – Project for Public Spaces Hall of Shame
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The base of the building is covered with beige limestone from the
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409:
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described it as "the greatest building of our time", while critic
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province presented plans to put €40 million toward the expansion.
1642:
Digital Fabrication in Architecture, Engineering and Construction
763:
and Carey in various locations at the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao.
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In the fall of 1993, architects at Gehry Partners began to use
2396:
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Forma eta figurazioa: Blake-Purnell bildumako maisu-lanak:
237:), Spain. It is one of several museums affiliated to the
407:
calls the museum "an astonishing architectural feat".
300:
that it would fund a Guggenheim museum to be built in
255:
The building, designed by Canadian-American architect
356:
The museum is clad in glass, titanium, and limestone.
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2735:
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2434:
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2333:
2301:
2272:
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2207:
1947:Harris, Compiled by Rachel Lee (29 November 2009).
1883:"When Builders Fall Short With 'Iconic' Properties"
892:
Acrylics on fine art paper painting by Iñaki Crespo
207:
194:
184:
176:
168:
158:
119:
104:
86:
27:
Modern and contemporary art museum in Bilbao, Spain
2479:California Science Center Air & Space Building
2146:: Interesting info about Guggenheim Museum´s city.
1996:Gelder, Compiled by Lawrence Van (17 April 2008).
1005:
1003:
1929:"Guggenheim Bilbao director admits to €4.2m loss"
1831:"IndiaGlitz – Events – Skin Grafting in 'Sivaji'"
2616:Richard B. Fisher Center for the Performing Arts
1579:"✅ Guggenheim Bilbao – Données, Photos et Plans"
809:"looked absurd" and tiny on the museum's walls.
1497:Building Art – The Life and Work of Frank Gehry
658:and Ingrid Pfeiffer curated a retrospective of
1667:Building Art: The Life and Work of Frank Gehry
460:donated $ 1,000,000 towards its construction.
360:The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation selected
2412:
2185:
737:in the pre-title sequence and the Tamil film
39:
8:
2641:University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
2114:Guggenheim Museum in an artistic short movie
1750:"Área de prensa del Museo Guggenheim Bilbao"
1304:
1302:
1300:
1132:"A Gleaming New Guggenheim for Grimy Bilbao"
1065:
1063:
45:
32:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1357:
1355:
724:Aerial view of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
2852:Buildings and structures completed in 1997
2419:
2405:
2397:
2269:
2192:
2178:
2170:
1805:"Guggenheim, Bilbao, and the 'hot banana'"
1717:"Guggenheim Defends Show of Trustee's Art"
1669:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 298.
1270:Frank Gehry Talks Architecture and Process
1095:
1093:
1091:
666:drew over 290,000 visitors to the museum.
64:
55:
31:
2691:World Trade Center Performing Arts Center
2037:(in Spanish). Europa Press. 21 March 2022
1125:
1123:
1121:
1036:
1034:
818:Management and 2007 embezzlement incident
2381:Guggenheim UBS MAP Global Art Initiative
2119:Bilbao. Basque Pathways to Globalization
2102:Pictures of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
1499:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 7.
70:The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, along the
2626:Serpentine Gallery 2008 Summer Pavilion
1881:Rybczynski, Witold (22 November 2008).
1756:(in European Spanish). 17 February 2023
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
973:
842:
668:
2821:
1427:Muschamp, Herbert (7 September 1997).
1333:
1331:
728:The building was featured in the 1999
399:praised its "mercurial brilliance" in
1857:"Guggenheim Bilbao – DW – 06/03/2012"
1075:The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation
263:, which runs through the city to the
7:
2791:
2709:Philadelphia Museum of Art Expansion
1520:Malherbe, Arnaud (23 October 2003).
364:as the architect, and its director,
2351:Vilnius Guggenheim Hermitage Museum
1998:"Embezzlement at Guggenheim Bilbao"
1621:Baudoin, Genevieve (January 2016).
1190:Ouroussoff, Nicolai (2 June 1997).
2132:Fabricating the Frank Gehry Legacy
1949:"Bilbao Museum Official Sentenced"
1397:"Architecture in the Age of Gehry"
1243:Greenberger, Alex (29 July 2022).
1012:"Architecture in the Age of Gehry"
988:. The Art Newspaper. 26 March 2024
229:of modern and contemporary art in
25:
1715:Vogel, Carol (16 December 2010).
1526:Dassault Systemes' Press Releases
1216:Igea, Octavio (13 October 2017).
514:plates, arranged in scales, on a
437:dubbed "courageous and sublime".
2820:
2810:
2800:
2790:
2664:
2544:Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health
2320:Guggenheim Las Vegas (2001–2003)
2201:Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation
2157:
2072:, Museo Guggenheim Bilbao, 1998.
1918:issue 80, Jan./Feb. 2004, p. 56.
1362:Tomkins, Calvin (29 June 1997).
1338:Lee, Denny (23 September 2007).
1310:"The priceless Peggy Guggenheim"
1272:(New York: Rizolli, 1999), p. 20
909:
897:
885:
869:
857:
845:
689:
671:
637:(incorporating an earlier work,
588:'s 100-meter-long (340 ft)
476:base from the bed of the nearby
298:Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation
239:Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation
199:
1461:Hughes, Robert (22 June 2005).
1010:Tyrnauer, Matt (30 June 2010).
2371:Guggenheim International Award
1833:. 20 June 2007. Archived from
608:and commissioned new works by
1:
2509:Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial
2054:Cuito, Aurora, Pons, Eugeni,
1130:Riding, Alan (24 June 1997).
570:Building Information Modeling
103:
2847:1997 establishments in Spain
2280:Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
1754:prensa.guggenheim-bilbao.eus
928:List of works by Frank Gehry
279:among architecture experts.
2882:Museums established in 1997
2877:Modern art museums in Spain
2596:Novartis Pharma A.G. Campus
2324:Guggenheim Hermitage Museum
2286:Peggy Guggenheim Collection
962:List of largest art museums
427:'s monumental installation
401:The New York Times Magazine
2903:
2867:Expressionist architecture
2753:Organization of the artist
2611:Ray and Maria Stata Center
2576:Merriweather Post Pavilion
2499:Dr Chau Chak Wing Building
2151:"Guggenheim Museum Bilbao"
2066:Calvo Serraller, Francisco
957:List of Guggenheim Museums
664:David Hockney's exhibition
448:organization of the artist
259:, was built alongside the
2857:Cultural tourism in Spain
2786:
2662:
2601:Ohr–O'Keefe Museum Of Art
2566:Maggie's Centre at Dundee
2144:Tourism info about Bilbao
1665:Goldberger, Paul (2015).
1495:Goldberger, Paul (2015).
933:World Architecture Survey
852:The museum over the river
709:Economic and media impact
414:Aerial view of the museum
315:. On the 13 October, two
277:World Architecture Survey
269:contemporary architecture
82:
63:
54:
46:
40:
37:
2651:Walt Disney Concert Hall
2539:Louis Vuitton Foundation
2524:Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
2474:Cabrillo Marine Aquarium
2346:Guggenheim Helsinki Plan
2292:Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
2164:Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
2140:: 3D Model and animation
1340:"Bilbao, 10 Years Later"
566:Walt Disney Concert Hall
458:KLM Royal Dutch Airlines
307:The museum was built by
223:Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
47:Guggenheim Bilbao Museoa
33:Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
18:Guggenheim Bilbao Museum
2777:Sketches of Frank Gehry
2606:Peter B. Lewis Building
2571:Marqués de Riscal Hotel
1640:Caneparo, Luca (2014).
1623:"A Matter of Tolerance"
1429:"The Miracle In Bilbao"
786:The Wall Street Journal
734:The World Is Not Enough
472:The building sits on a
443:Harvard Design Magazine
41:Museo Guggenheim Bilbao
2484:Cinémathèque Française
2454:Art Gallery of Ontario
2309:Guggenheim Museum SoHo
2107:2 October 2011 at the
1644:. New York: Springer.
725:
703:in front of the museum
652:Dimitris Daskalopoulos
496:
415:
357:
319:militants shot dead a
313:Juan Carlos I of Spain
92:; 26 years ago
2872:Frank Gehry buildings
2770:The Seven-Beer Snitch
2685:Estació de la Sagrera
2581:Museum of Pop Culture
2534:Jay Pritzker Pavilion
2235:James Johnson Sweeney
2215:Solomon R. Guggenheim
938:12 Treasures of Spain
723:
491:
469:metres (46 ft).
413:
355:
213:guggenheim-bilbao.eus
195:Public transit access
2705:(under construction)
2703:Grand Avenue Project
2697:Guggenheim Abu Dhabi
2631:Sleep Train Pavilion
2469:BP Pedestrian Bridge
2376:Learning Through Art
2341:Guggenheim Abu Dhabi
2166:at Wikimedia Commons
2064:Sullivan, Edward J,
1224:(in Spanish). Bilbao
916:The museum at sunset
864:Rear façade close-up
781:cultural imperialism
180:Juan Ignacio Vidarte
143:43.26861°N 2.93389°W
90:18 October 1997
2743:Cardboard furniture
2646:Vitra Design Museum
2636:Team Disney Anaheim
2464:Binoculars Building
2315:Deutsche Guggenheim
2124:22 January 2013 at
1927:Picard, Charmaine.
1887:Wall Street Journal
1820:, 4 September 2001.
1810:18 May 2013 at the
1775:Cañadillas, Iñaki.
1547:"Guggenheim Museum"
1165:"Ferrovial history"
986:theartnewspaper.com
949:The Globalized City
904:The museum at night
572:seven years later.
139: /
34:
2675:Under construction
2656:Weisman Art Museum
2621:Santa Monica Place
2386:BMW Guggenheim Lab
2225:Justin Thannhauser
2002:The New York Times
1953:The New York Times
1803:Crawford, Leslie.
1721:The New York Times
1433:The New York Times
1345:The New York Times
1284:"Frank Owen Gerty"
1282:Aggerwal, Artika.
1136:The New York Times
824:The Matter of Time
726:
634:The Matter of Time
610:Francesco Clemente
497:
430:The Matter of Time
416:
358:
327:Urdaibai expansion
252:museums in Spain.
148:43.26861; -2.93389
2887:Museums in Bilbao
2862:Estuary of Bilbao
2834:
2833:
2549:Loyola Law School
2394:
2393:
2359:
2358:
2255:Mariet Westermann
2162:Media related to
2138:Guggenheim Bilbao
1980:Nayeri, Farah. ,
1937:, 14 August 2008.
1934:The Art Newspaper
1676:978-0-307-70153-4
1651:978-94-007-7137-6
1629:. 0/2016: 38, 39.
1610:: 238. June 2014.
1506:978-0-307-70153-4
1316:. 20 October 2009
1196:Los Angeles Times
943:Guggenheim family
656:Olivier Berggruen
598:Willem de Kooning
554:Dassault Systèmes
478:Estuary of Bilbao
452:Dassault Systemes
296:suggested to the
294:Basque Government
219:
218:
16:(Redirected from
2894:
2824:
2823:
2814:
2804:
2794:
2793:
2719:Furniture design
2668:
2591:New World Center
2529:IAC Building NYC
2504:DZ Bank building
2421:
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2250:Richard Armitage
2240:Thomas M. Messer
2220:Peggy Guggenheim
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2085:Official website
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1171:on 6 August 2010
1167:. Archived from
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1048:. 5 October 1999
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849:
831:2021–2022 strike
759:, shows singers
751:'s music video "
693:
675:
643:weathering steel
548:Virtual Building
516:galvanized steel
492:Interior of the
397:Herbert Muschamp
377:Deconstructivism
321:Basque policeman
215:
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172:1,324,221 (2023)
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2444:8 Spruce Street
2436:Completed works
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2109:Wayback Machine
2083:
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2068:, Hunter, Sam,
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771:The so-called "
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730:James Bond film
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641:), a series of
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2077:External links
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1463:"Man of steel"
1453:
1414:
1403:. 30 June 2010
1388:
1368:The New Yorker
1364:"The Maverick"
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2069:
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2039:. Retrieved
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2013:. Retrieved
2001:
1991:
1981:
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1964:. Retrieved
1952:
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1932:
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1886:
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1860:
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1839:. Retrieved
1835:the original
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1815:
1799:
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2728:(1969–1973)
2677:or proposed
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2449:Anaheim Ice
2428:Frank Gehry
2364:Initiatives
2326:(2001–2008)
2317:(1997–2013)
2311:(1992–2001)
2294:(est. 1997)
2288:(est. 1951)
2282:(est. 1937)
2035:ElDiario.es
1401:Vanity Fair
1249:ARTnews.com
1105:www.cnn.com
1017:Vanity Fair
992:4 September
792:Art critic
602:Mark Rothko
580:Exhibitions
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257:Frank Gehry
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189:Frank Gehry
146: /
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2841:Categories
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2554:LUMA Arles
2208:Key people
2056:Guggenheim
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1175:1 December
1071:"About Us"
968:References
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683:Jeff Koons
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