31:
259:
without the advice of the
Chapter. Counting on the administrative qualities of Guillaume de Villaret, the chapter elected the prior of Saint-Gilles as the new Grand Master. The latter received in Provence a letter dated 3 April 1296 informing him of his election, but Guillaume did not hasten his departure. In fact, since the loss of the Holy Land, there was also talk of establishing the Order in the West. Guillaume thought that he would be more useful to the Order in France, Italy or even the Iberian Peninsula than in Cyprus, where the understanding was not always good with the island's leaders. It was during his presence outside Cyprus that he created the priory of Fieux in Quercy, the first prioress being Jourdaine de Villaret, his sister.
263:
Jean de
Toulouse, delegate of the Grand Master, brought to Limassol in the spring of 1299 Guillaume's letter convening a general chapter in Avignon on 1 August 1300, discontent was at its height. The chapter then sent an embassy, composed of Guillaume de Chaus and Jean de Laodicée, to convince de Villaret to go to Cyprus. In the end, the legal arguments presented by the ambassadors overcame the obstinacy of the Grand Master who finally went to Limassol. This new chapter met on 5 November 1300 in Limassol. It was during this chapter that Guillaume de Villaret was finally officially enthroned as Grand Master of the Order.
136:
238:. As rector he resided in Pernes-les-Fontaines or in Beaumes-de-Venise. Pierre Rostaing, bishop of Carpentras, was the first to pay homage to the pope's representative in the Comitat. In 1275, the rector summoned the three bishops of the Comtat and the nobles of Venaissin to an assembly to adopt new statutes. The end of his mandate as rector was between 29 March 1284 and 9 October 1287. In 1277, he became advisor to the king of Sicily,
484:
Alexandria before returning to Cyprus. The booty was considerable and the
Christians sent a strong sign to Mahmud Ghazan, demonstrating their determination to engage in the planned battle. The Mongol leader then sent them a message to warn them that he intended to launch his campaign soon and invited them to disembark in Armenia to organize a joint offensive.
487:
The king of Cyprus sent an army to
Armenia accompanied by 300 knights of the two orders led by the grand masters in person. They stormed the island of Ruad, near the Syrian coast, with the aim of turning it into a base for their future operations. They then took the port city of Tortosa, pillaged the
446:
Villaret was successful in obtaining large additions of property and privileges from the Papacy and from various
European princes. He also undertook a major reorganization of the Order and promulgated a series of statutes between 1300 and 1304, the most significant of which was the definition of the
275:
In 1301, it was under his magistracy that an administrative division of the Order's possessions in the West was established, according to a chapter decree. This reorganization of the Order was inspired by a proposal made with
Boniface de Calamandrana, Grand Commander of the Overseas Territories when
271:
One of the first tasks to which de
Villaret devoted himself was to reduce the power acquired by the General Chapter. However, he quickly agreed to give back the full extent of their powers to the members. He also sought to return to the founding principles of the Order and the life of the knights.
262:
The longer de
Villaret's arrival was delayed, the more discontent grew in Cyprus. When he convened a chapter in Marseilles in 1297, he was reproached for not going overseas and his status as Grand Master was contested, and he promised to convene a general chapter in August 1299 at the latest. When
258:
died on 26 March 1296. The
General Chapter of the Order met a few days later in Limassol. The concern of the General Chapter was the reorganization of the prerogatives of the Chapter and of the Grand Masters who had too much of a tendency not to respect the Chapter ordinances and to decide alone
483:
While waiting for the results of this diplomatic initiative, Henry II, Guillaume de
Villaret and Jacques de Molay raised a fleet for a raid on Egypt. The Christians, aboard sixteen galleys and a dozen small ships, were accompanied by a Mongolian emissary. In July 1300, they pillaged Rosetta and
214:
Received as a knight in the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Guillaume de Villaret's first responsibilities in the Order were those of Grand Conservateur, or Draper, from October 1266. The position of Draper corresponded to that of a steward. In 1269, he was appointed Lieutenant of the Priory of
30:
504:. He was only moderately pleased that an organization as powerful as the Order could compete with him for the sovereignty of such a small island. According to traditional historians of the Order, it was Henry who set Guillaume on the path to conquer the island of
479:
decided to have him escorted to the pope to support the idea of an alliance. The alliance between Mahmud Ghazan Khan, the Knights Templar of Jacques de Molay, the Hospitallers of Guillaume de Villaret and the kingdom of Cyprus became effective in 1300.
1045:
623:
230:. The latter, having known de Villaret in the Holy Land and having been able to judge his capacities as an administrator in Saint-Gilles, appointed him rector of the Comtat on 27 April 1274. Guillaume had his men-at-arms control all the places in
520:
Guillaume de Villaret died between 23 November 1304 and 3 November 1305, probably in the spring of 1305 or on 9 June 1305 in Cyprus, which he had been so slow to reach. When the chapter met to decide on his successor, the choice fell on
207:, was Admiral of the Order in 1299, then Grand Preceptor in 1302, then Guillaume's lieutenant in 1303 before becoming Grand Master himself in 1305. The uncle Foulques de Villaret, was chaplain of the Hospitaller Commandery of
215:
Saint-Gilles. In 1270, he became the prior. This position, which he held until 1296, was one of the most useful for the Order thanks to the relations he maintained with the Pope and several sovereigns.
459:, the balance of power in the Holy Land between Christians and Mamluks was clearly in favor of the latter, who continued to advance. However, the Christians could count on the Mongols of Persia led by
1031:
1011:
272:
Towards this end, he produced ordinances aimed at re-establishing a rigorous dress code and, above all, at ensuring that the framework of conventual life was respected more precisely.
246:. The new king of Naples entrusted several negotiation missions to Guillaume. As a result, benefits accrued to his entourage, with his nephew, Guigue being named valet of Charles II.
535:
1110:
164:
50:
1115:
280:, because it respected linguistic zones that are more or less homogeneous. Thus seven Langues were formed, with their respective priories as follows.
203:). Guillaume had a nephew, once believed to be his brother, and an uncle in the Order of St. John of Jerusalem who bore the same name. The nephew,
1072:
903:
965:
985:
879:
847:
488:
region, captured many Muslims and sold them as slaves in Armenia while waiting for the arrival of the Mongols, but this only led to the
927:
836:
780:
761:
951:
865:
815:
740:
541:
135:
551:
1105:
546:
277:
1018:
309:
195:. He spent the first few years of his mastership in a reforming tour of the Order's priories (in France proper, the
801:
712:
106:
500:
When the Hospitallers retreated to Cyprus, the island was already occupied by the titular king of Jerusalem,
365:
472:
893:
1100:
1082:
522:
456:
243:
219:
204:
188:
176:
85:
1005:
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196:
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140:
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468:
440:
239:
192:
947:
923:
899:
861:
832:
811:
805:
776:
757:
736:
525:. Although some sources refer to him as Guillaume's brother, it seems that he was his nephew.
447:
powers and status of the admiral, a new great dignitary who had first been appointed in 1299.
285:
118:
853:
476:
353:
223:
463:, whose expansionism pushed them to covet the Mamluk lands. The khan sent an ambassador to
1024:
937:
313:
508:. This objective was achieved under Guillaume's successor, resulting in what is known as
961:
726:
716:
227:
1094:
1065:
943:
A History of the Crusades, Volume Three: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades
489:
255:
172:
73:
36:
732:
The Last Templar: The Tragedy of Jacques de Molay, Last Grand Master of the Temple
941:
917:
826:
791:
751:
730:
371:
330:
875:
395:
379:
338:
324:
572:
828:
Prier et combattre, Dictionnaire européen des ordres militaires au Moyen Âge
305:
293:
276:
he was Prior of Saint-Gilles. This division was based on the notion of the
857:
1019:
Essai d’armorial des Grands-Maîtres de l’Ordre de Saint Jean de Jérusalem
793:
Essai d'armorial des grands maîtres de l'Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem
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426:
317:
231:
200:
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208:
422:
357:
349:
297:
191:. Before his position as Master, Villaret had been Grand Prior of
418:
414:
406:
1012:
Liste des grands maîtres de l'ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem
467:, capital of the kingdom of Cyprus, to establish an alliance.
624:
St John of Jerusalem, Knights of the Order of the Hospital of
1046:
Knights of the Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem
642:
640:
718:
Les Hospitaliers en Terre Sainte et Ă Chypre (1100-1310)
588:, p. 604, Table: Masters of the Order of St. John.
171:, a position he held from 1296 until 1305, succeeding
146:
129:
124:
112:
100:
95:
79:
67:
48:
21:
1056:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–19.
634:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–19.
610:
993:. A History of the Crusades (Setton), Volume III.
887:. A History of the Crusades (Setton), Volume III.
753:Les Hospitaliers, De JĂ©rusalem Ă Rhodes 1050-1317
370:Germany (most of Central and Northern Europe):
35:Guillaume de Villaret on a copper engraving by
536:Cartulaire général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers
979:. The Crusades––An Encyclopedia, pp. 598–605.
16:24th Grand Master of the Knights Hospitallers
8:
179:, whose career he had done much to advance.
1059:
242:. He remained advisor to his son and heir
29:
18:
694:
1111:Grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller
658:
646:
163:(c. 1235 – 1305), was the twenty-fourth
1073:Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller
849:The Routledge Companion to the Crusades
670:
563:
512:which would last from 1310 until 1522.
51:Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller
1116:13th-century French military personnel
187:Guillaume de Villaret was a native of
1032:Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem
492:, the last battle for the Holy Land.
329:England (Great Britain and Ireland):
7:
771:Flavigny, Bertrand Galimard (2006).
682:
585:
807:The Mongols and the West, 1221-1410
1042:New York: Robert Appleton Company.
348:France (French lands north of the
284:Aragon (actually referring to the
175:. He was succeeded by his nephew,
14:
1027:. Museum of the Order of St John.
622:Phillips, Walter Alison (1911). "
542:List of Knights Hospitaller sites
323:Auvergne (south-central France):
234:, installing two knights in each
970:. University of Wisconsin Press.
881:The Kingdom of Cyprus, 1291–1369
552:Flags of the Knights Hospitaller
134:
946:. Cambridge University Press.
1:
987:The Mamluk Sultans, 1291–1517
220:Philip III the Bold of France
895:The Crusades—An Encyclopedia
825:Josserand, Philippe (2009).
773:Histoire de l'ordre de Malte
547:Langue (Knights Hospitaller)
435:Provence (southern France):
267:Reorganization of the Order
1132:
1025:Seals of the Grand Masters
713:Delaville Le Roulx, Joseph
1079:
1070:
1062:
1014:. French Knowledge (XXG).
1008:. French Knowledge (XXG).
975:Vann, Theresa M. (2006).
967:A History of the Crusades
475:and Templar Grand Master
154:
91:
56:
44:
28:
922:. Boydell & Brewer.
892:Murray, Alan V. (2006).
750:Demurger, Alain (2013).
250:Election as Grand Master
1050:Encyclopædia Britannica
984:Zaida, Mustafa (1969).
919:The Knights Hospitaller
628:Encyclopædia Britannica
611:Delaville Le Roulx 1904
573:"Guillaume de Villaret"
451:Combat in the Holy Land
790:Harot, Eugène (1911).
1036:Catholic Encyclopedia
1006:Guillaume de Villaret
977:Order of the Hospital
858:10.4324/9780203389638
756:. Tallandier, Paris.
473:David VIII of Georgia
218:On 19 February 1274,
161:Guillaume de Villaret
147:Years of service
23:Guillaume de Villaret
1083:Foulques de Villaret
846:Lock, Peter (2006).
796:. Collegio araldico.
523:Foulques de Villaret
516:Death and succession
205:Foulques de Villaret
189:Languedoc-Roussillon
177:Foulques de Villaret
86:Foulques de Villaret
1106:Knights Hospitaller
914:Nicholson, Helen J.
810:. Pearson Longman.
721:. E. Leroux, Paris.
685:, pp. 340–343.
673:, pp. 165–185.
661:, pp. 142–158.
613:, pp. 253–267.
244:Charles II of Anjou
211:from 1239 to 1260.
169:Knights Hospitaller
141:Knights Hospitaller
962:Setton, Kenneth M.
510:Hospitaller Rhodes
502:Henry II of Cyprus
496:Hospitaller Rhodes
469:Henry II of Cyprus
461:Mahmud Ghazan Khan
278:Hospitaller Langue
240:Charles I of Anjou
1089:
1088:
1080:Succeeded by
1030:Charles Moeller,
905:978-1-57607-862-4
831:. Fayard, Paris.
775:. Perrin, Paris.
735:. Profile Books.
649:, pp. 50–54.
286:Iberian Peninsula
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119:Kingdom of Cyprus
107:Kingdom of France
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1077:1296–1305
1063:Preceded by
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898:. ABC-CLIO.
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490:Fall of Ruad
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457:loss of Acre
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441:Saint-Gilles
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256:Odon de Pins
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193:Saint-Gilles
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173:Odon de Pins
165:Grand Master
160:
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81:Succeeded by
74:Odon de Pins
58:
37:Laurent Cars
1101:1305 deaths
876:Luke, Harry
372:Heitersheim
331:Clerkenwell
116:9 June 1305
69:Preceded by
1095:Categories
558:References
455:After the
396:Sonnenburg
380:Antvorskov
339:Kilmainham
325:Bourganeuf
222:ceded the
130:Allegiance
683:Luke 1969
586:Vann 2006
366:Voulaines
306:Consuegra
294:Barcelona
232:Venaissin
228:Gregory X
183:Biography
150:1266-1305
63:1296–1305
59:In office
1038:(1910).
964:(1969).
940:(1954).
916:(2001).
878:(1969).
804:(2005).
729:(2009).
715:(1904).
529:See also
437:Toulouse
427:Barletta
398:(now in
390:(now in
382:(now in
318:Portugal
226:to pope
201:Provence
197:Auvergne
465:Nicosia
431:Messina
405:Italy:
394:), and
392:Croatia
384:Denmark
354:Corbeil
312:), and
310:Castile
302:Navarre
290:Amposta
236:castrum
167:of the
104:c. 1235
39:, 1725.
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864:
835:
814:
779:
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739:
626:". In
571:SMOM.
506:Rhodes
429:, and
411:Venice
400:Poland
376:Prague
364:, and
362:Angers
356:(near
343:Dublin
341:(near
337:) and
335:London
333:(near
209:Millau
991:(PDF)
885:(PDF)
423:Capua
388:Vrana
358:Paris
350:Loire
314:Crato
298:Cizur
49:24th
948:ISBN
924:ISBN
900:ISBN
862:ISBN
833:ISBN
812:ISBN
777:ISBN
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439:and
419:Rome
415:Pisa
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199:and
113:Died
101:Born
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