Knowledge (XXG)

Guo Huai (wife of Jia Chong)

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321:) was still a toddler, Jia Chong returned home and caressed his son, who was being carried by his wet nurse. Guo Huai saw this and misinterpreted it as her husband having an affair with the wet nurse, so she whipped the wet nurse, killing her. Jia Limin was so distressed by his wet nurse's death that he fell sick and died. Guo Huai bore Jia Chong another (unnamed) son later, but the entire tragedy repeated itself when Guo Huai suspected her son's wet nurse of having an affair with her husband. Jia Chong had no son left to succeed him when he died in 282, and eventually Guo Huai changed the name of their grandson 290:) all wanted him to divorce Guo Huai and welcome Li Wan back, but Guo Huai allegedly threw a fit and claimed to have a part in his contributions to the dynasty. Eventually the emperor intervened and personally permitted Jia Chong to have a left-hand wife and a right-hand wife. (Jia Chong had been a loyal supporter of Sima Yan in his rise to power.) However, Jia Chong declined (because he feared Guo Huai's tantrums, so historians claim) and only built a villa for Li Wan outside of Luoyang and had no communication with her. 349:, she bribed the empress and her associates so that all greatly praised the Jia sisters. Eventually, Emperor Wu agreed, and Jia Nanfeng became Sima Zhong's wife in 272. When Sima Zhong became the emperor in 290, he made Jia Nanfeng the empress, and Guo Huai became the Lady of Guangcheng and enjoyed great power. It was said that whenever Guo Huai passed by, the minister 375:), an imperial concubine, was considered by many to be a good replacement for the uncontrollable empress. Also sensing the danger, Guo Huai wanted Empress Jia to adopt Sima Yu as her own son, and she further advocated for the marriage between him and Jia Wu's daughter, but that was opposed by both her daughters and did not take place. 378:
After Guo Huai became terminally ill, her title changed to Lady of Yicheng which was suggested by a diviner. On her deathbed, she repeated her warning to Jia Nanfeng regarding Sima Yu. She was buried by the empress according to a ritual that far exceeded her position. The people were indignant but no
395:, northeast of Luoyang. Unlike her depiction by historians, the commemorative text on her tomb stele gives a flattering account and praises her intelligence, reverence, and frugality, among many other virtues. She was also described as a "unifier of lineages and one concerned with ritual propriety". 293:
Another account related how Guo Huai decided to pay Li Wan a visit in spite of Jia Chong's opposition. Dressed in her full regalia and taking a large retinue of attendants and slaves, she went outside of the city and strutted into Li Wan's residence. However, when Li Wan rose to greet her, Guo Huai
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was so awed by her charisma that she supposedly found her knees giving way and she knelt. When she returned, Jia Chong said something to the effect of "Told you!". After that, whenever Jia Chong went out, she sent someone to follow him to make sure he did not visit Li Wan.
345:'s daughter, who was mild-tempered, beautiful, tall, and fair-skinned, as opposed to the Jia sisters, who were not only jealous like their mother, but also ugly, short, and dark-skinned. However, because Guo Huai was on friendly terms with 361:
As years went by, Empress Jia was increasingly taking advantage of her husband's mental disability and practically dominated the government. Worried, Guo Huai's nephew
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In 271, Jia Chong desperately wanted to avoid a military assignment, so he decided to have one of his daughters to marry the developmentally disabled
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one dared to speak out. (Eventually Jia Nanfeng had Sima Yu assassinated and in turn got herself killed, along with Jia Wu and Jia Mi, in a coup.)
553: 484: 440: 1823: 536: 1818: 695: 690: 312:), as well as two sons, supposedly victims of her own doing. Whether the following account is real or not cannot be ascertained. 1762: 1651: 670: 577: 214:
Her life was marked by severe cruelty, jealousy, and dishonesty, although these accounts may have been colored by the bias of
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Entombed Epigraphy and Commemorative Culture in Early Medieval China: A Brief History of Early Muzhiming
362: 265:'s downfall and execution in 254. Jia Chong already had two daughters with Li Wan, including Jia Quan ( 1355: 650: 282:(Emperor Wu of Jin) decreed a general amnesty. Li Wan was allowed to return to the national capital 166:(郭淮; note that their Chinese names differ even if their romanized names do not), the second wife of 1813: 1808: 1701: 1164: 1139: 1686: 1681: 1626: 1590: 1540: 1445: 837: 832: 175: 1264: 1360: 1254: 1149: 1104: 1064: 903: 862: 842: 549: 541: 480: 436: 262: 240: 1370: 1666: 1545: 1420: 1024: 1009: 476: 346: 112: 867: 857: 847: 665: 199: 286:. Jia Chong's mother and his adult daughters (Jia Quan was by then a princess married to 130: 429:
Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Antiquity Through Sui, 1600 B.C.E. - 618 C.E
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Lee, Lily Xiao Hong (2015). "Guo Huai". In Lee; Stefanowska, A.D. (eds.).
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had convinced Guo Huai to advise her daughter to treat the crown prince
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In 266, after he overthrew Cao Wei and established the
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Mother-in-law of Chinese Emperor Hui of Jin (237-296)
255:'s second wife in 257 after his first wife, Li Wan ( 1710: 1614: 1283: 912: 876: 815: 704: 643: 601: 98: 78: 68: 52: 38: 30: 21: 578: 370: 353:would stop and prostrate himself before her. 316: 307: 266: 256: 234: 206: 193: 183: 157: 147: 8: 502: 500: 498: 496: 585: 571: 563: 18: 466: 464: 462: 460: 458: 456: 454: 452: 404: 315:One day, when her first son Jia Limin ( 302:Guo Huai bore Jia Chong two daughters, 135: 422: 420: 418: 416: 414: 412: 410: 408: 198:). After her death, she received the 7: 178:. During her life, she also went by 537:A New Account of Tales of the World 14: 816:Princess and female royal figures 369:well. Sima Yu's mother Xie Jiu ( 329:Marrying off daughter by bribing 1763:Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove 705:Princes and male royal figures 696:Empress Bian (Cao Huan's wife) 371: 317: 308: 267: 257: 235: 207: 194: 184: 158: 148: 125: 1: 691:Empress Bian (Cao Mao's wife) 243:and a younger brother of the 1829:Jin dynasty (266–420) people 742:Cao Ju (Prince of Pengcheng) 757:Cao Lin (Prince of Donghai) 747:Cao Jun (Prince of Chenliu) 233:Guo Huai's father Guo Pei ( 174:, and the mother-in-law of 1845: 1824:3rd-century Chinese people 546:The University of Michigan 471:Davis, Timothy M. (2015). 391:was discovered in 1930 in 387:Guo Huai's entombed stone 325:(Jia Wu's son) to Jia Mi. 1819:3rd-century Chinese women 116: 762:Cao Lin (Prince of Pei) 82:Jia Quan (stepdaughter) 533:Liu I-ch'ing (2002) . 239:) was the governor of 84:Jia Jun (stepdaughter) 1711:Other notable figures 298:Killing of wet nurses 276:Jin dynasty (266–420) 1260:Zhang Ji (Jingzhong) 651:Empress Dowager Bian 593:Prominent people of 241:Chengyang Commandery 1615:Other notable women 535:Shih-shuo Hsin-yü: 479:. p. 263–272. 435:. p. 291–293. 1682:Princess Changshan 838:Princess Dongxiang 180:Lady of Guangcheng 176:Emperor Hui of Jin 1796: 1795: 1284:Military officers 1255:Zhang Ji (Derong) 843:Princess Jinxiang 555:978-1-938937-01-9 542:Richard B. Mather 486:978-90-04-30642-4 442:978-0-7656-1750-7 229:Marriage troubles 106: 105: 1836: 853:Princess Changle 671:Empress Mingyuan 587: 580: 573: 564: 559: 540:. 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She became 250: 246: 242: 228: 223: 221: 219: 218: 212: 204: 201: 191: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 155: 145: 142: 141:courtesy name 138: 132: 128: 122: 114: 110: 101: 97: 88: 81: 77: 74: 71: 67: 63: 58: 55: 51: 47: 41: 37: 33: 29: 20: 1788:Zhu Jianping 1657:Xin Xianying 1631: 1516:Xiahou Shang 1341:Guanqiu Jian 1336:Gongsun Yuan 995:Gaotang Long 686:Empress Wang 676:Empress Huai 534: 520: 511: 472: 428: 386: 377: 360: 335:crown prince 332: 314: 306:and Jia Wu ( 301: 292: 273: 232: 220:historians. 215: 213: 202: 189: 179: 153: 143: 139:, 237–296), 134: 124: 108: 107: 59:(before 266) 1647:Wang Yuanji 1466:Wang Shuang 1195:Xiahou Xuan 823:Duquess Cao 357:Final years 304:Jia Nanfeng 217:Book of Jin 172:Jia Nanfeng 94:Another son 87:Jia Nanfeng 64:(after 266) 53:Nationality 1814:296 deaths 1809:237 births 1803:Categories 1733:Huangfu Mi 1692:Wei Huacun 1662:Yang Huiyu 1652:Xiahou Hui 1571:Zhang Liao 1511:Xiahou Mao 1506:Xiahou Dun 1471:Wang Zhong 1441:Wang Chang 1356:Huang Quan 1190:Xiahou Wei 1185:Xiahou Hui 1155:Wang Xiang 884:Cao Shuang 399:References 339:Sima Zhong 131:Wade–Giles 1783:Zhou Xuan 1738:Huchuquan 1601:Zhuge Dan 1586:Zhong Hui 1501:Xiahou Ba 1461:Wang Ling 1416:Sima Zhou 1411:Sima Wang 1401:Qian Zhao 1396:Qian Hong 1376:Man Chong 1306:Cao Zhang 1270:Zhong Yao 1265:Zheng Hun 1250:Zhang Hua 1205:Xing Yong 1180:Xiahou He 1145:Wang Jing 1140:Wang Lang 1135:Wang Guan 1130:Wang Chen 1045:Jia Chong 1000:Guan Ning 960:Dong Zhao 955:Deng Yang 940:Chen Jiao 935:Chang Lin 899:Sima Zhao 802:Cao Zhang 656:Lady Zhen 644:Empresses 433:Routledge 351:Shi Chong 253:Jia Chong 224:Biography 168:Jia Chong 92:Jia Limin 73:Jia Chong 1748:Kebineng 1687:Yang Yan 1632:Guo Huai 1606:Zhuge Xu 1596:Zhu Ling 1591:Zhou Tai 1581:Zhao Yan 1576:Zhang Te 1566:Zhang He 1541:Yang Qiu 1526:Xu Huang 1496:Wei Guan 1491:Wen Yang 1481:Wen Ping 1476:Wei Guan 1456:Wang Jun 1446:Wang Hun 1406:Qin Lang 1366:Liu Jing 1351:Hao Zhao 1346:Guo Huai 1316:Chen Tai 1311:Cao Zhen 1291:Cao Hong 1275:Zhong Yu 1240:Yang Jun 1170:Wei Zhen 1120:Sima Zhi 1105:Pei Qian 1080:Liu Shao 1075:Liang Xi 1070:Li Sheng 1055:Jiang Ji 1040:Huan Jie 1035:Huan Fan 945:Chen Qun 904:Sima Yan 894:Sima Shi 833:Cao Xian 792:Cao Yong 737:Cao Jian 722:Cao Gong 712:Cao Biao 635:Cao Huan 625:Cao Fang 602:Emperors 343:Wei Guan 288:Sima You 280:Sima Yan 249:Guo Huai 247:general 164:Guo Huai 154:Yuanshao 136:Kuo Huai 126:Guō Huái 109:Guo Huai 79:Children 23:Guo Huai 1778:Pei Xiu 1773:Xun Can 1768:Wang Bi 1753:Liu Hui 1743:Liu Bao 1728:Guan Lu 1718:Budugen 1697:Xun Cai 1642:Wang Yi 1622:Cai Yan 1561:Zang Ba 1556:Yue Jin 1536:Yang Hu 1486:Wen Qin 1451:Wang Ji 1436:Tian Yu 1431:Tian Xu 1426:Tang Zi 1391:Pang De 1386:Niu Jin 1381:Meng Da 1371:Lü Qian 1361:Jia Kui 1331:Fei Yao 1321:Deng Ai 1301:Cao Xiu 1296:Cao Ren 1245:Yu Huan 1235:Yang Fu 1220:Xu Xuan 1210:Xu Miao 1160:Wang Ye 1150:Wang Su 1115:Sima Fu 1110:Pei Xiu 1100:Pang Yu 1065:Li Feng 1060:Li Dian 1030:Hua Xin 990:Gao Rou 980:Fu Xuan 950:Cui Lin 930:Cang Ci 920:Bao Xun 889:Sima Yi 877:Regents 863:Lady Yu 828:Cao Hua 807:Cao Zhi 787:Cao Yan 782:Cao Xun 777:Cao Xie 772:Cao Rui 767:Cao Mao 732:Cao Hui 727:Cao Gun 717:Cao Gan 630:Cao Mao 620:Cao Rui 609:Cao Cao 595:Cao Wei 367:Sima Yu 363:Pei Wei 284:Luoyang 263:Li Feng 245:Cao Wei 144:Yuhuang 113:Chinese 102:Guo Pei 57:Cao Wei 46:Luoyang 1758:Ma Jun 1723:Du Kui 1637:Pang E 1627:Cuishi 1551:Yu Jin 1546:Yin Li 1531:Xu Zhi 1521:Xu Chu 1421:Sun Li 1230:Xun Yi 1225:Xun Xu 1215:Xu Shu 1200:Xin Pi 1175:Wu Zhi 1165:Wei Ji 1090:Liu Yi 1085:Liu Ye 1050:Jia Xu 1025:Hu Zhi 1020:He Yan 1015:He Qia 1010:He Kui 1005:Han Ji 985:Fu Xun 975:Fu Jia 925:Bi Gui 797:Cao Yu 752:Cao Li 615:Cao Pi 552:  483:  439:  323:Han Mi 188:) and 133:: 123:: 121:pinyin 115:: 99:Father 90:Jia Wu 69:Spouse 1702:Xu Yi 1326:Du Yu 1125:Su Ze 1095:Lu Yu 970:Du Xi 965:Du Ji 477:Brill 389:stele 152:) or 550:ISBN 481:ISBN 437:ISBN 203:Xuan 39:Died 31:Born 318:賈黎民 271:). 211:). 195:宜城君 185:廣城君 62:Jin 42:296 34:237 1805:: 548:. 495:^ 475:. 451:^ 431:. 407:^ 372:謝玖 337:, 309:賈午 278:, 268:賈荃 258:李婉 236:郭配 159:媛韶 149:玉璜 129:; 119:; 117:郭槐 25:郭槐 586:e 579:t 572:v 558:. 489:. 445:. 208:宣 205:( 192:( 182:( 156:( 146:( 111:(

Index

Luoyang
Cao Wei
Jin
Jia Chong
Jia Nanfeng
Chinese
pinyin
Wade–Giles
courtesy name
Guo Huai
Jia Chong
Jia Nanfeng
Emperor Hui of Jin
posthumous name
Book of Jin
Chengyang Commandery
Cao Wei
Guo Huai
Jia Chong
Li Feng
Jin dynasty (266–420)
Sima Yan
Luoyang
Sima You
Jia Nanfeng
Han Mi
crown prince
Sima Zhong
Wei Guan
Empress Yang Yan

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