805:
820:
850:
835:
884:
865:
1616:
220:
42:
91:
3060:
66:
570:
480:
631:
713:
habitats. Due to the relative ease with which diet samples can be collected from this species (regurgitated food or pellets) and the perceived conflict between the
Phalacrocoracidae and fisheries, shag diet competition has been the subject of substantial scientific interest. Evidence collected at one
722:. Shags also feed on fewer sandeel on windy days, presumably due to the strong effect of wind on flight in this species. The year-round diet of full-grown shags at this colony has also changed over the past 3 decades, from sandeel specialists to an increasingly diverse prey base.
552:. Among those differences are that a shag is smaller and has a lighter, narrower beak, and the juvenile shag has darker underparts. The European shag's tail has 12 feathers, as do the great cormorant's 14 feathers. The green sheen on the feathers results in the alternative name
1635:
458:
The subspecies differ slightly in bill size and the breast and leg colour of young birds. Recent evidence suggests that birds on the
Atlantic coast of southwest Europe are distinct from all three, and may be an as-yet undescribed subspecies.
544:, 68 to 78 cm (27 to 31 in) long and with a 95-to-110-centimetre (37 to 43 in) wingspan. It has a longish tail and a yellow throat patch. Adults have a small crest in the breeding season. It is distinguished from the
658:
804:
701:
and so they rely totally on their parents for warmth, often for a period of two months before they can fly. Fledging may occur at any time from early June to late August, exceptionally to mid-October.
670:
In UK coastal waters, dive times are typically around 20 to 45 seconds, with a recovery time of around 15 seconds between dives; this is consistent with aerobic diving, i.e. the bird depends on the
662:
659:
1547:
3318:
883:
3357:
3556:
661:
2452:
1505:
Howells, Richard J.; Burthe, Sarah J.; Green, Jonathan A.; Harris, Michael P.; Newell, Mark A.; Butler, Adam; Wanless, Sarah; Daunt, Francis (2018-11-21).
819:
1360:"Dietary changes of Mediterranean Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii between the breeding and post-breeding seasons in the upper Adriatic Sea"
1215:
3502:
3279:
3331:
849:
834:
1323:
Harris, M. P.; Wanless, S. (1991). "The
Importance of the Lesser Sandeel Ammodytes marinus in the Diet of the Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis".
374:
864:
3383:
1409:"From days to decades: short- and long-term variation in environmental conditions affect offspring diet composition of a marine top predator"
1035:
3576:
1685:
3292:
617:
527:
1140:
1281:"Diets of shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis and cormorants P carbo in Norway and possible implications for gadoid stock recruitment"
1244:
Snow, Barbara (1960-10-01). "The
Breeding Biology of the Shag Phalacrocorax Aristotelis on the Island of Lundy, Bristol Channel".
3571:
3515:
3448:
2430:
730:
The
European shag can be readily seen among the following locations during the breeding season, between late April and mid-July:
638:
It feeds in the sea, and, unlike the great cormorant, is rare inland. It will winter along any coast that is well-supplied with
3240:
2445:
718:, Scotland, between 1985 and 2014, suggests that shag chick diet composition in this population has diversified in response to
548:
by its smaller size, lighter build, thinner bill, and, in breeding adults, by the crest and metallic green-tinged sheen on the
1587:
595:
591:
505:
501:
3336:
3344:
3188:
3117:
743:
650:
feeders, i.e. they find their prey on the sea bottom. They will eat a wide range of fish but their commonest prey is the
693:. The nesting season is long, beginning in late February but some nests are not started until May or even later. Three
3440:
3162:
169:
3059:
3561:
3362:
3258:
2438:
3297:
1407:
Howells, RJ; Burthe, SJ; Green, JA; Harris, MP; Newell, MA; Butler, A; Johns, DG; Carnell, EJ; Wanless, S (2017).
685:
It breeds on coasts, nesting on rocky ledges or in crevices or small caves. The nests are untidy heaps of rotting
3271:
2128:
1605:
90:
3566:
2263:
2158:
1678:
1627:
1148:
580:
490:
3533:
1771:
599:
584:
509:
494:
292:. It breeds around the rocky coasts of western and southern Europe, southwest Asia and north Africa, mainly
1507:"Pronounced long-term trends in year-round diet composition of the European shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis"
1223:
3149:
3079:
2138:
1622:
1055:
955:
1591:
660:
3409:
3167:
2344:
2199:
2133:
1781:
1776:
354:
192:
2225:
1194:
932:
646:, European shags recorded diving up to 61 m (200 ft) deep. European shags are preponderantly
3520:
3017:
3453:
3227:
3131:
2313:
2273:
2243:
1420:
1295:
682:
during the dive. When they dive, they jump out of the water first to give extra impetus to the dive.
2268:
2235:
2034:
1938:
1671:
420:
219:
55:
2709:
41:
3427:
3175:
3037:
2933:
2560:
2550:
2411:
2163:
1791:
1448:
Lewis, Sue; Phillips, Richard A.; Burthe, Sarah J.; Wanless, Sarah; Daunt, Francis (2015-11-01).
1389:
1340:
1002:"Annotated List of the Seabirds of the World - Boobies, Cormorants, Frigatebirds and Tropicbirds"
432:
247:
85:
3414:
2943:
2685:
2620:
3323:
3000:
2973:
2777:
2743:
2631:
3396:
3201:
2673:
2386:
2230:
2184:
2108:
1908:
1865:
1786:
1653:
1528:
1487:
1469:
1381:
1261:
1075:
1031:
983:
975:
3401:
2983:
2953:
2339:
2189:
2143:
2061:
1965:
1885:
1818:
1716:
1518:
1477:
1461:
1428:
1371:
1332:
1303:
1253:
1067:
967:
927:
841:
3466:
3435:
3154:
1663:
3370:
2760:
2194:
2153:
2024:
1928:
1694:
1596:
1171:"European shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) - MarLIN - The Marine Life Information Network"
771:
739:
545:
283:
909:
790:
1615:
1450:"Contrasting responses of male and female foraging effort to year-round wind conditions"
1424:
1299:
1280:
462:
The name shag is also used in the
Southern Hemisphere for several additional species of
341:, but a 2014 study found it to be significantly more diverged than the clade containing
3266:
3253:
3027:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2204:
2148:
2113:
2029:
1870:
1482:
1449:
1257:
1093:
731:
365:
297:
293:
1358:
Cosolo, Mauro; Privileggi, Nicoletta; Cimador, Barbara; Sponza, Stefano (2011-11-01).
3550:
2808:
2750:
2380:
2370:
2365:
2099:
918:
767:
735:
719:
449:
414:
343:
337:
209:
75:
70:
1393:
3206:
3193:
2990:
2963:
2882:
2875:
2817:
2794:
2767:
2662:
2360:
2350:
2304:
2123:
1875:
1641:
698:
647:
642:. The European shag is one of the deepest divers among the cormorant family. Using
17:
3180:
3493:
1376:
1359:
1114:
1001:
3422:
3349:
3305:
3245:
3111:
3044:
2889:
2831:
2733:
2610:
2462:
2391:
2375:
2254:
1933:
1890:
1880:
1762:
1712:
1071:
971:
715:
654:. Shags will travel many kilometres from their roosting sites in order to feed.
643:
569:
479:
359:
321:
1170:
3461:
2868:
2859:
2716:
2699:
2643:
2590:
2571:
2526:
2511:
2505:
2355:
2324:
2175:
1698:
1657:
1523:
1506:
751:
401:
142:
3102:
1532:
1473:
1385:
1265:
1079:
979:
2923:
2845:
2726:
2600:
2470:
2333:
2118:
2057:
1465:
463:
438:
324:
279:
152:
102:
1491:
987:
630:
3487:
3096:
3007:
2824:
2493:
1648:
1548:"Naissance exceptionnelle à Monaco: huit cormorans huppés ont vu le jour"
871:
811:
775:
747:
694:
651:
122:
3141:
3528:
3507:
3375:
3284:
3126:
2911:
2896:
2692:
2652:
2580:
2474:
2284:
2085:
2019:
1996:
1842:
1814:
1748:
1344:
1308:
856:
763:
759:
710:
686:
549:
301:
1433:
1408:
2838:
2487:
2010:
1961:
1919:
875:
783:
779:
671:
112:
3310:
3219:
3073:
1336:
1575:
3214:
2784:
2499:
2466:
2216:
2074:
1985:
1969:
1856:
1831:
1737:
1720:
755:
690:
679:
656:
629:
349:
313:
309:
3232:
709:
The shag is a pursuit-diving seabird that feeds predominantly in
3388:
782:, Croatia. In April 2017, eight new European shags were born in
675:
639:
541:
132:
3077:
2524:
2434:
2055:
1959:
1812:
1710:
1667:
563:
473:
437:: found in southern Europe, southwest Asia (Mediterranean and
296:
in its breeding range except for the northernmost birds. In
793:, Spain, with 2,500 pairs (25% of the world's population).
335:
The
European shag was formerly classified within the genus
1582:
1325:
889:
European shags in breeding plumage, Snæfellsnes, Iceland
1113:
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela (eds.).
1279:
Barrett, RT; Rov, N; Loen, J; Montevecchi, WA (1990).
423:, found in northwestern Europe (Atlantic Ocean coasts)
3033:
3023:
3013:
2996:
2979:
2969:
2959:
2949:
2939:
2929:
2919:
2856:
2805:
2790:
2773:
2756:
2739:
2722:
2705:
2681:
2658:
2626:
2616:
2606:
2596:
2586:
2556:
2546:
2240:
1115:"Storks, frigatebirds, boobies, cormorants, darters"
810:
Composite image of the bird jumping into the sea in
3477:
3086:
2910:
2855:
2804:
2672:
2642:
2570:
2537:
2322:
2302:
2282:
2252:
2214:
2173:
2097:
2073:
2008:
1984:
1917:
1899:
1854:
1830:
1760:
1736:
1054:Kennedy, Martyn; Spencer, Hamish G. (2014-10-01).
954:Kennedy, Martyn; Spencer, Hamish G. (2014-10-01).
933:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696894A133538524.en
1056:"Classification of the cormorants of the world"
956:"Classification of the cormorants of the world"
789:The largest colony of European shags is in the
1030:. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 55, 301.
389:clade between 9.0–11.2 million years ago
2446:
1679:
1195:"green cormorant - Oxford English Dictionary"
1141:"Which subspecies of Shag occurs in Galicia?"
1139:Yésou, P.; Buchheim, A.; Bermejo, A. (2005).
689:or twigs cemented together by the bird's own
8:
1028:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
556:sometimes being given to the European shag.
598:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
508:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
369:, and thus classified it in its own genus,
3074:
2852:
2534:
2521:
2453:
2439:
2431:
2079:
2070:
2052:
1990:
1981:
1956:
1836:
1827:
1809:
1742:
1733:
1707:
1686:
1672:
1664:
1614:
218:
64:
40:
31:
1522:
1481:
1432:
1375:
1307:
1094:"Taxonomic Updates – IOC World Bird List"
931:
618:Learn how and when to remove this message
528:Learn how and when to remove this message
666:European Shag dives to 18 m. for hunting
3298:european-shag-phalacrocorax-aristotelis
900:
800:
377:followed this classification in 2021.
1060:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
960:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
697:are laid. Their chicks hatch without
304:is usually referred to as simply the
7:
3534:8B0B1B2D-EC64-4C8E-89C7-F8AC53A85A1C
3272:e9c484ce-1149-4df6-acd8-0ae811bd19d3
2383:(imperial cormorant, blue-eyed shag)
1165:
1163:
1049:
1047:
596:adding citations to reliable sources
506:adding citations to reliable sources
3557:IUCN Red List least concern species
1583:Joint Nature Conservation Committee
919:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1258:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1960.tb07132.x
454:: found in northwest African coast
381:is thought to have split from the
25:
1654:Audio recordings of European shag
1546:Verdi, Laurent (April 12, 2017).
3058:
1588:Phalacrocorax aristotelis Stamps
882:
863:
848:
833:
818:
803:
568:
478:
89:
1597:BirdLife species factsheet for
908:BirdLife International (2018).
282:. It is the only member of the
1413:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1288:Marine Ecology Progress Series
316:for glutton. The species name
1:
540:This is a medium-large black
1782:Christmas Island frigatebird
1638:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1377:10.1080/00063657.2011.603290
3577:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1636:European shag photo gallery
1606:"Phalacrocorax aristotelis"
1072:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.020
972:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.020
3593:
3467:Phalacrocorax-aristotelis
3118:Phalacrocorax aristotelis
3088:Phalacrocorax aristotelis
3056:
2533:
2520:
2482:
2082:
2069:
2051:
1993:
1980:
1955:
1839:
1826:
1808:
1745:
1732:
1706:
1644:Phalacrocorax aristotelis
1642:Interactive range map of
1599:Phalacrocorax aristotelis
1578:Phalacrocorax aristotelis
1524:10.1007/s00227-018-3433-9
1454:Journal of Animal Ecology
1026:Jobling, James A (2010).
926:: e.T22696894A133538524.
256:Phalacrocorax aristotelis
253:
246:
226:
217:
198:
191:
86:Scientific classification
84:
62:
53:
48:
39:
34:
2477:and their extinct allies
2264:Double-crested cormorant
2159:White-breasted cormorant
1628:Internet Bird Collection
357:to the clade containing
49:European shag on a rock
3572:Birds described in 1761
2207:(long-tailed cormorant)
1772:Magnificent frigatebird
1466:10.1111/1365-2656.12419
855:Young European shag in
320:commemorates the Greek
2336:(Magellanic cormorant)
2166:(Temminck's cormorant)
2139:Little black cormorant
1701:(Phalacrocoraciformes)
1006:www.oceanwanderers.com
667:
635:
312:name derives from the
3479:Pelecanus aristotelis
3410:Paleobiology Database
2345:New Zealand king shag
2200:Little pied cormorant
2134:Black-faced cormorant
1777:Ascension frigatebird
1623:"European shag media"
678:and dissolved in its
665:
633:
3267:Fauna Europaea (new)
2314:Red-legged cormorant
2274:Flightless cormorant
2244:Spectacled cormorant
2064:: Phalacrocoracidae)
1968:: Anhingidae ·
1719:: Fregatidae ·
1552:France 3 Côte d'Azur
592:improve this section
502:improve this section
2269:Neotropic cormorant
2236:Red-faced cormorant
2035:Australasian darter
1939:Australasian gannet
1815:Gannets and boobies
1425:2017MEPS..583..227H
1300:1990MEPS...66..205B
1119:IOC World Bird List
912:Gulosus aristotelis
275:Gulosus aristotelis
202:Gulosus aristotelis
184:G. aristotelis
56:Conservation status
18:Gulosus aristotelis
2412:South Georgia shag
2347:(rough-faced shag)
2226:Brandt's cormorant
2164:Japanese cormorant
1792:Lesser frigatebird
1649:IUCN Red List maps
1309:10.3354/meps066205
1220:polaris.nipr.ac.jp
774:, Northern Spain;
668:
636:
445:G. a. riggenbachi
427:G. a. desmarestii
278:) is a species of
241: Non-breeding
3562:Phalacrocoracidae
3544:
3543:
3397:Open Tree of Life
3080:Taxon identifiers
3071:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3054:
3053:
2906:
2905:
2674:Phalacrocoracidae
2428:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2387:Heard Island shag
2231:Pelagic cormorant
2185:Crowned cormorant
2109:Socotra cormorant
2093:
2092:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2004:
2003:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1866:Blue-footed booby
1850:
1849:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1787:Great frigatebird
1756:
1755:
1434:10.3354/meps12343
1037:978-1-4081-2501-4
840:Eggs, Collection
812:Malinska, Croatia
663:
628:
627:
620:
538:
537:
530:
453:
436:
418:
409:G. a. aristotelis
308:. The scientific
262:
261:
173:
153:Phalacrocoracidae
79:
16:(Redirected from
3584:
3537:
3536:
3524:
3523:
3511:
3510:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3470:
3469:
3457:
3456:
3444:
3443:
3431:
3430:
3418:
3417:
3405:
3404:
3392:
3391:
3379:
3378:
3366:
3365:
3353:
3352:
3350:NBNSYS0000000005
3340:
3339:
3327:
3326:
3314:
3313:
3301:
3300:
3288:
3287:
3275:
3274:
3262:
3261:
3249:
3248:
3236:
3235:
3223:
3222:
3210:
3209:
3197:
3196:
3184:
3183:
3171:
3170:
3158:
3157:
3145:
3144:
3135:
3134:
3132:CECC7B264A61BD22
3122:
3121:
3120:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3075:
3062:
3035:
3025:
3018:Prophalacrocorax
3015:
2998:
2981:
2971:
2961:
2951:
2941:
2931:
2921:
2858:
2853:
2807:
2792:
2775:
2758:
2741:
2724:
2707:
2683:
2660:
2628:
2618:
2608:
2598:
2588:
2558:
2548:
2535:
2522:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2432:
2340:Guanay cormorant
2242:
2190:Little cormorant
2144:Indian cormorant
2080:
2071:
2053:
1991:
1982:
1957:
1886:Red-footed booby
1837:
1828:
1810:
1743:
1734:
1708:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1665:
1632:
1618:
1613:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1526:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1485:
1460:(6): 1490–1496.
1445:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1379:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1285:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1222:. Archived from
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1175:www.marlin.ac.uk
1167:
1158:
1157:
1145:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1051:
1042:
1041:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
998:
992:
991:
951:
945:
944:
942:
940:
935:
905:
886:
867:
852:
842:Museum Wiesbaden
837:
822:
807:
664:
623:
616:
612:
609:
603:
572:
564:
533:
526:
522:
519:
513:
482:
474:
448:
430:
412:
400:There are three
240:
234:
222:
204:
168:
94:
93:
73:
68:
67:
44:
32:
21:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3567:Birds of Europe
3547:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3532:
3527:
3519:
3514:
3506:
3501:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3473:
3465:
3460:
3452:
3447:
3439:
3434:
3426:
3421:
3413:
3408:
3400:
3395:
3387:
3382:
3374:
3371:Observation.org
3369:
3361:
3356:
3348:
3343:
3335:
3330:
3322:
3317:
3309:
3304:
3296:
3291:
3283:
3278:
3270:
3265:
3257:
3252:
3244:
3239:
3231:
3226:
3218:
3213:
3205:
3200:
3192:
3187:
3179:
3174:
3166:
3161:
3153:
3148:
3140:
3138:
3130:
3125:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3082:
3072:
3063:
3050:
2902:
2851:
2800:
2668:
2638:
2566:
2529:
2516:
2478:
2459:
2429:
2416:
2318:
2298:
2278:
2248:
2210:
2195:Pygmy cormorant
2169:
2154:Great cormorant
2089:
2065:
2039:
2025:Oriental darter
2000:
1976:
1943:
1929:Northern gannet
1913:
1895:
1846:
1822:
1796:
1752:
1728:
1702:
1692:
1621:
1604:
1592:bird-stamps.org
1572:
1567:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1337:10.2307/3676511
1322:
1321:
1317:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1229:
1227:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1179:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1008:
1000:
999:
995:
953:
952:
948:
938:
936:
907:
906:
902:
897:
890:
887:
878:
870:On the nest in
868:
859:
853:
844:
838:
829:
823:
814:
808:
799:
740:Isles of Scilly
728:
707:
657:
624:
613:
607:
604:
589:
573:
562:
554:green cormorant
546:great cormorant
534:
523:
517:
514:
499:
483:
472:
398:
333:
242:
238:
236:
232:
213:
206:
200:
187:
167:
88:
80:
69:
65:
58:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3590:
3588:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3549:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3525:
3512:
3499:
3483:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3458:
3445:
3432:
3419:
3406:
3393:
3380:
3367:
3354:
3341:
3328:
3315:
3302:
3289:
3276:
3263:
3254:Fauna Europaea
3250:
3237:
3224:
3211:
3198:
3185:
3172:
3159:
3146:
3136:
3123:
3108:
3092:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3031:
3028:Rhamphastosula
3021:
3011:
3004:
2994:
2987:
2977:
2967:
2957:
2947:
2937:
2927:
2916:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2864:
2862:
2850:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2813:
2811:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2788:
2781:
2771:
2764:
2754:
2747:
2737:
2730:
2720:
2713:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2656:
2648:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2624:
2614:
2604:
2594:
2584:
2576:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2554:
2543:
2541:
2539:incertae sedis
2531:
2530:
2525:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2435:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2407:Macquarie shag
2404:
2402:Kerguelen shag
2399:
2397:Antarctic shag
2394:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2337:
2330:
2328:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2290:
2288:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2205:Reed cormorant
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2149:Cape cormorant
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2129:Pied cormorant
2126:
2121:
2116:
2114:Bank cormorant
2111:
2105:
2103:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2083:
2077:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2030:African darter
2027:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1988:
1978:
1977:
1960:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1909:Abbott's booby
1905:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1871:Peruvian booby
1868:
1862:
1860:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1834:
1824:
1823:
1813:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1740:
1730:
1729:
1711:
1704:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1651:
1639:
1633:
1619:
1602:
1594:
1585:
1576:European shag
1571:
1570:External links
1568:
1565:
1564:
1538:
1511:Marine Biology
1497:
1440:
1399:
1370:(4): 461–472.
1350:
1331:(4): 375–382.
1315:
1271:
1252:(4): 554–575.
1236:
1207:
1186:
1159:
1131:
1105:
1085:
1043:
1036:
1018:
993:
946:
899:
898:
896:
893:
892:
891:
888:
881:
879:
869:
862:
860:
854:
847:
845:
839:
832:
830:
826:G. aristotelis
824:
817:
815:
809:
802:
798:
795:
732:Saltee Islands
727:
724:
706:
703:
634:Shag in flight
626:
625:
576:
574:
567:
561:
558:
536:
535:
486:
484:
477:
471:
468:
456:
455:
442:
424:
397:
394:
332:
329:
260:
259:
251:
250:
244:
243:
237:
235: Breeding
231:
229:G. aristotelis
224:
223:
215:
214:
207:
196:
195:
189:
188:
181:
179:
175:
174:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
82:
81:
63:
60:
59:
54:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
35:European shag
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3589:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3133:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3061:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2809:Plotopteridae
2803:
2797:
2796:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2751:Phalacrocorax
2748:
2746:
2745:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2633:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2444:
2442:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2381:Imperial shag
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:Campbell shag
2369:
2367:
2366:Auckland shag
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2294:European shag
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2100:Phalacrocorax
2096:
2088:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1751:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1316:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1226:on 2022-08-10
1225:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1149:British Birds
1142:
1135:
1132:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1106:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1019:
1007:
1003:
997:
994:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
950:
947:
934:
929:
925:
921:
920:
915:
913:
904:
901:
894:
885:
880:
877:
873:
866:
861:
858:
851:
846:
843:
836:
831:
827:
821:
816:
813:
806:
801:
796:
794:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
768:Faroe Islands
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
736:Farne Islands
733:
725:
723:
721:
720:ocean warming
717:
712:
704:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
632:
622:
619:
611:
601:
597:
593:
587:
586:
582:
577:This section
575:
571:
566:
565:
559:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
532:
529:
521:
511:
507:
503:
497:
496:
492:
487:This section
485:
481:
476:
475:
469:
467:
465:
460:
451:
446:
443:
440:
434:
428:
425:
422:
416:
410:
407:
406:
405:
403:
395:
393:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:
362:
361:
356:
352:
351:
346:
345:
344:Phalacrocorax
340:
339:
338:Phalacrocorax
330:
328:
326:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:
285:
281:
277:
276:
271:
267:
266:European shag
258:
257:
252:
249:
245:
230:
225:
221:
216:
211:
205:
203:
197:
194:
193:Binomial name
190:
186:
185:
180:
177:
176:
171:
166:
165:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
92:
87:
83:
77:
72:
71:Least Concern
61:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3478:
3087:
3043:
3036:
3026:
3016:
3006:
2999:
2989:
2982:
2972:
2964:Masillastega
2962:
2952:
2942:
2932:
2922:
2895:
2888:
2883:Klallamornis
2881:
2876:Hokkaidornis
2874:
2867:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2818:Empeirodytes
2816:
2795:Valenticarbo
2793:
2783:
2776:
2768:Poikilocarbo
2766:
2759:
2749:
2742:
2732:
2725:
2715:
2710:Limicorallus
2708:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2663:Limnofregata
2661:
2651:
2630:
2619:
2609:
2599:
2589:
2579:
2559:
2549:
2538:
2504:Infraclass:
2463:frigatebirds
2361:Chatham shag
2351:Foveaux shag
2323:
2305:Poikilocarbo
2303:
2293:
2283:
2253:
2215:
2174:
2124:Spotted shag
2098:
2084:
2009:
1995:
1972:
1918:
1900:
1876:Masked booby
1855:
1841:
1761:
1747:
1724:
1713:Frigatebirds
1643:
1626:
1609:
1598:
1577:
1555:. Retrieved
1551:
1541:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1457:
1453:
1443:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1291:
1287:
1274:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1228:. Retrieved
1224:the original
1219:
1210:
1198:. Retrieved
1189:
1178:. Retrieved
1174:
1153:
1147:
1134:
1122:. Retrieved
1118:
1108:
1097:. Retrieved
1088:
1063:
1059:
1027:
1021:
1009:. Retrieved
1005:
996:
963:
959:
949:
937:. Retrieved
923:
917:
911:
903:
825:
791:Cíes Islands
788:
754:, Scotland;
729:
726:Distribution
714:colony, the
708:
684:
669:
648:benthic zone
644:depth gauges
637:
614:
605:
590:Please help
578:
553:
539:
524:
515:
500:Please help
488:
461:
457:
444:
426:
408:
399:
390:
386:
382:
378:
370:
364:
358:
348:
342:
336:
334:
317:
305:
288:
287:
274:
273:
269:
265:
263:
255:
254:
228:
201:
199:
183:
182:
163:
162:
29:
3423:SeaLifeBase
3306:iNaturalist
3112:Wikispecies
3038:Sarmatosula
2934:Empheresula
2890:Olympidytes
2832:Plotopterum
2734:Nannopterum
2611:Macranhinga
2561:Protoplotus
2551:Mangystania
2392:Crozet shag
2376:Bounty shag
2255:Nannopterum
1934:Cape gannet
1891:Brown booby
1881:Nazca booby
1419:: 227–242.
1294:: 205–218.
1124:30 November
1066:: 249–257.
966:: 249–257.
939:19 November
744:Isle of May
742:, England;
734:, Ireland;
716:Isle of May
680:bloodstream
470:Description
383:Nannopterum
360:Nannopterum
322:philosopher
318:aristotelis
270:common shag
3551:Categories
3462:Xeno-canto
2944:Enkurosula
2869:Copepteryx
2860:Tonsalinae
2717:Microcarbo
2700:Leucocarbo
2686:Borvocarbo
2644:Fregatidae
2621:Meganhinga
2591:Giganhinga
2572:Anhingidae
2527:Suliformes
2512:Suliformes
2506:Neognathae
2471:cormorants
2461:Genera of
2356:Otago shag
2325:Leucocarbo
2176:Microcarbo
2058:Cormorants
1821:: Sulidae)
1699:Suliformes
1658:Xeno-canto
1364:Bird Study
1230:2022-08-10
1180:2024-05-29
1156:: 369–370.
1099:2021-07-28
895:References
758:, Norway;
752:Fowlsheugh
608:April 2020
518:April 2020
464:cormorants
433:Payraudeau
402:subspecies
396:Subspecies
387:Leucocarbo
366:Leucocarbo
143:Suliformes
3494:Q83020454
3001:Paleosula
2974:Microsula
2924:Bimbisula
2846:Stenornis
2778:Praecarbo
2744:Nectornis
2727:Nambashag
2632:Paranavis
2601:Liptornis
2486:Kingdom:
2334:Rock shag
2119:Pitt shag
1557:April 13,
1533:0025-3162
1474:1365-2656
1386:0006-3657
1266:1474-919X
1216:"species"
1080:1055-7903
1011:8 October
980:1055-7903
579:does not
489:does not
439:Black Sea
325:Aristotle
294:wintering
284:monotypic
280:cormorant
227:Range of
178:Species:
109:Kingdom:
103:Eukaryota
3488:Wikidata
3324:10192841
3233:17000428
3155:22696894
3150:BirdLife
3139:BioLib:
3097:Wikidata
3008:Papasula
2825:Phocavis
2761:Piscator
2494:Chordata
2492:Phylum:
2488:Animalia
2475:anhingas
1901:Papasula
1492:26283625
1394:59032510
988:24994028
872:Deerness
776:Dalmatia
748:Deerness
652:sand eel
550:feathers
421:nominate
415:Linnaeus
331:Taxonomy
248:Synonyms
210:Linnaeus
149:Family:
123:Chordata
119:Phylum:
113:Animalia
99:Domain:
76:IUCN 3.1
3529:ZooBank
3521:1304513
3508:8329744
3402:1021952
3285:2481861
3220:eursha1
3181:eursha1
3127:Avibase
3103:Q115452
2984:Miosula
2954:Eostega
2912:Sulidae
2897:Tonsala
2693:Gulosus
2653:Fregata
2581:Anhinga
2510:Clade:
2498:Class:
2467:boobies
2285:Gulosus
2086:Species
2020:Anhinga
2011:Anhinga
1997:Species
1973:Anhinga
1962:Darters
1843:Species
1763:Fregata
1749:Species
1725:Fregata
1610:Avibase
1483:4989534
1421:Bibcode
1345:3676511
1296:Bibcode
857:Croatia
797:Gallery
772:Galicia
764:Denmark
760:Iceland
711:benthic
687:seaweed
674:in its
600:removed
585:sources
560:Biology
510:removed
495:sources
450:Hartert
441:coasts)
435:, 1826)
417:, 1761)
379:Gulosus
371:Gulosus
302:seabird
298:Britain
289:Gulosus
212:, 1761)
170:Montagu
164:Gulosus
159:Genus:
139:Order:
129:Class:
74: (
3454:137178
3415:365986
3389:137178
3363:126867
3337:174733
3241:EURING
3194:bob800
2839:Stemec
2062:family
1966:family
1819:family
1717:family
1531:
1517:(12).
1490:
1480:
1472:
1392:
1384:
1343:
1264:
1200:29 May
1078:
1034:
986:
978:
876:Orkney
828:diving
784:Monaco
780:Istria
672:oxygen
452:, 1923
373:. The
353:, but
286:genus
239:
233:
172:, 1813
3516:WoRMS
3449:WoRMS
3441:13404
3428:84334
3319:IRMNG
3259:96621
3215:eBird
3207:4FQQ3
3168:93204
2991:Morus
2785:Urile
2217:Urile
2075:Genus
1986:Genus
1970:genus
1920:Morus
1832:Genus
1738:Genus
1721:genus
1695:Order
1390:S2CID
1341:JSTOR
1284:(PDF)
1144:(PDF)
756:Runde
691:guano
676:lungs
355:basal
350:Urile
314:Latin
310:genus
300:this
3503:GBIF
3384:OBIS
3358:NCBI
3332:ITIS
3311:4272
3280:GBIF
3163:BOLD
3142:8385
3045:Sula
2500:Aves
1857:Sula
1559:2017
1529:ISSN
1488:PMID
1470:ISSN
1382:ISSN
1262:ISSN
1246:Ibis
1202:2024
1126:2020
1076:ISSN
1032:ISBN
1013:2007
984:PMID
976:ISSN
941:2021
924:2018
778:and
750:and
738:and
705:Diet
699:down
695:eggs
640:fish
583:any
581:cite
542:bird
493:any
491:cite
363:and
347:and
306:shag
264:The
133:Aves
3436:TSA
3376:285
3345:NBN
3293:IBC
3246:800
3228:EoL
3202:CoL
3189:BTO
3176:BOW
1656:on
1647:at
1590:at
1581:at
1519:doi
1515:165
1478:PMC
1462:doi
1429:doi
1417:583
1372:doi
1333:doi
1304:doi
1254:doi
1250:102
1068:doi
968:doi
928:doi
594:by
504:by
375:IOC
327:.
268:or
3553::
3531::
3518::
3505::
3490::
3464::
3451::
3438::
3425::
3412::
3399::
3386::
3373::
3360::
3347::
3334::
3321::
3308::
3295::
3282::
3269::
3256::
3243::
3230::
3217::
3204::
3191::
3178::
3165::
3152::
3129::
3114::
3099::
2473:,
2469:,
2465:,
1723::
1697::
1625:.
1608:.
1550:.
1527:.
1513:.
1509:.
1486:.
1476:.
1468:.
1458:84
1456:.
1452:.
1427:.
1415:.
1411:.
1388:.
1380:.
1368:58
1366:.
1362:.
1339:.
1329:22
1327:.
1302:.
1292:66
1290:.
1286:.
1260:.
1248:.
1218:.
1173:.
1162:^
1154:98
1152:.
1146:.
1117:.
1074:.
1064:79
1062:.
1058:.
1046:^
1004:.
982:.
974:.
964:79
962:.
958:.
922:.
916:.
874:,
786:.
770:;
766:;
762:;
746:,
466:.
447:–
429:–
419::
411:–
404::
3034:†
3024:†
3014:†
2997:†
2980:†
2970:†
2960:†
2950:†
2940:†
2930:†
2920:†
2857:†
2806:†
2791:†
2774:†
2757:†
2740:†
2723:†
2706:†
2682:†
2659:†
2635:"
2629:"
2627:†
2617:†
2607:†
2597:†
2587:†
2557:†
2547:†
2454:e
2447:t
2440:v
2241:†
2060:(
1975:)
1964:(
1817:(
1727:)
1715:(
1687:e
1680:t
1673:v
1660:.
1631:.
1612:.
1561:.
1535:.
1521::
1494:.
1464::
1437:.
1431::
1423::
1396:.
1374::
1347:.
1335::
1312:.
1306::
1298::
1268:.
1256::
1233:.
1204:.
1183:.
1128:.
1102:.
1082:.
1070::
1040:.
1015:.
990:.
970::
943:.
930::
914:"
910:"
621:)
615:(
610:)
606:(
602:.
588:.
531:)
525:(
520:)
516:(
512:.
498:.
431:(
413:(
391:.
385:-
272:(
208:(
78:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
