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One of the most remarkable things about this book is that it was written, and published, in
English not Latin. "I am at the last contented that it should come forth in English," he wrote resignedly, "Not that I think it worthy either of my labour or the publique view, but to satisfy their importunity
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Gunter's quadrant is an instrument made of wood, brass or other substance, containing a kind of stereographic projection of the sphere on the plane of the equinoctial, the eye being supposed to be placed in one of the poles, so that the tropic, ecliptic, and horizon form the arcs of circles, but the
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Gunter's interest in geometry led him to develop a method of land surveying using triangulation. Linear measurements could be taken between topographical features such as corners of a field, and using triangulation the field or other area could be plotted on a plane, and its area calculated. A chain
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A rare Gunter quadrant, made by Henry Sutton and dated 1657, can be described as follows: It is a conveniently sized and high-performance instrument that has two pin-hole sights, and the plumb line is inserted at the vertex. The front side is designed as a Gunter quadrant and the rear side as a
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put up money to fund Oxford
University's first two science faculties, the chairs of astronomy and geometry. Gunter applied to become professor of geometry but Savile was famous for distrusting clever people, and Gunter's behaviour annoyed him intensely. As was his habit, Gunter arrived with his
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Gunter's scale or Gunter's rule, generally called the "Gunter" by seamen, is a large plane scale, usually 2 feet (610 mm) long by about 1½ inches broad (40 mm), engraved with various scales, or lines. On one side are placed the natural lines (as the line of chords, the line of
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trigonometric quadrant. The side with the astrolabe has hour lines, a calendar, zodiacs, star positions, astrolabe projections, and a vertical dial. The side with the geometric quadrants features several trigonometric functions, rules, a shadow quadrant, and the chorden line.
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and other instruments. He contrived his sector about the year 1606, and wrote a description of it in Latin, but it was more than sixteen years afterwards before he allowed the book to appear in
English. In 1620 he published his
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hour circles are other curves, drawn by means of several altitudes of the sun for some particular latitude every year. This instrument is used to find the hour of the day, the sun's
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who not understand the Latin yet were at the charge to buy the instrument." It was a manual not for cloistered university fellows but for sailors and surveyors in real world.
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gives a unit easily converted to area. Therefore, a parcel of 10 square chains gives 1 acre. The area of any parcel measured in chains will thereby be easily calculated.
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Mathematics, particularly the relationship between mathematics and the real world, was the one overriding interest throughout his life. In 1619,
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There is reason to believe that Gunter was the first to discover (in 1622 or 1625) that the magnetic needle does not retain the same
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refers to the logarithmically divided scale, like the most common scales used on slide rules for multiplication and division.
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The description and use of sector, the cross-staffe, and other instruments for such as are studious of mathematical practise.
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With Gunter's name are associated several useful inventions, descriptions of which are given in his treatises on the sector,
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of Welsh descent. He is best remembered for his mathematical contributions, which include the invention of the
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66 feet (20 m) long, with intermediate measurements indicated, was chosen for the purpose, and is called
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Christopher Baker (2002). "Absolutism and the
Scientific Revolution, 1600–1720". Greenwood Publishing Group
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Trevor Homer (2012). "The Book of
Origins: The first of everything – from art to zoos". Hachette UK
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Wissenschaftliche
Instrumente in ihrer Zeit. Band 2: Vom Compendium zum Einzelinstrument
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33:(1581 – 10 December 1626), was an English clergyman, mathematician,
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A sail rig which resembles a gaff rig, with the gaff nearly vertical, is called a
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In 1624 Gunter published a collection of his mathematical works. It was entitled
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Guy O. Stenstrom (1967), "Surveying Ready
Reference Manual", McGraw–Hill. p. 7
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493:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 729–730.
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Eli Maor (2013). "Trigonometric
Delights", Princeton University Press.
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The length of the chain chosen, 66 feet (20 m), being called a
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The
Description and Use of His Majesties Dials in Whitehall Garden
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contains a complete reconstruction of Gunter's book and table.
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516:"Who invented the calculus? – and other 17th century topics"
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He was shortly thereafter championed by the far wealthier
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English clergyman, mathematician, geometer and astronomer
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which he developed to calculate logarithmic tangents.
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525:, Professor Robin Wilson, lecture transcript,
656:People educated at Westminster School, London
162:in the same place at all times. By desire of
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127:, London. This post he held till his death.
53:. In 1620, he invented the first successful
444:The Scientific Revolution: An Encyclopedia
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395:Learn how and when to remove this message
296:from its resemblance to a Gunter's rule.
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358:This article includes a list of general
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671:British scientific instrument makers
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84:, and in 1599 he matriculated at
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557:www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk
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661:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
646:English people of Welsh descent
306:Gresham Professor of Astronomy
70:Gresham Professor of Astronomy
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72:, from 1619 until his death.
676:Academics of Gresham College
542:, Penguin Books, 2003, p. 14
64:in mathematics by Reverend
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521:28 September 2007 at the
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621:Gunter's Quadrant applet
610:University of St Andrews
580:. Cologne, 2010; p. 205.
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184:Arithmetica Logarithmica
68:and eventually became a
490:Encyclopædia Britannica
379:more precise citations.
331:http://locomat.loria.fr
311:History of geomagnetism
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166:he published in 1624
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616:Galileo Project page
596:Robertson, Edmund F.
594:O'Connor, John J.;
117:Earl of Bridgewater
94:St. George's Church
553:"Gunter biography"
538:Linklater, Andro,
446:, ABC-CLIO, p. 125
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145:Canon triangulorum
82:Westminster School
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641:1626 deaths
636:1581 births
576:Ralf Kern:
377:introducing
216:Cyclopaedia
160:declination
132:cross-staff
630:Categories
360:references
341:References
290:Gunter rig
284:Gunter rig
268:slide rule
260:navigation
49:, and the
39:astronomer
385:July 2019
329:The site
176:cotangent
121:astronomy
76:Biography
519:Archived
300:See also
252:tangents
140:quadrant
110:quadrant
90:divinity
62:mentored
35:geometer
562:21 July
478::
373:improve
231:azimuth
164:James I
60:He was
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362:, but
292:, or "
256:rhumbs
172:cosine
106:sector
45:, the
317:Notes
276:, or
248:sines
204:chain
564:2018
174:and
108:and
37:and
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