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Helzlaw women's prison across the street. While there, between frequent sessions during which she was tortured, she wrote her memoirs on toilet paper that had been smuggled in and hid them in a doorpost. She continued to write despite having her fingers crushed while being tortured, occasionally dictating to her cellmates while other women sang to disguise the sound of her voice. Draenger believed that it was important to document the rebellion for future generations.
217:. Now his fiancée, Gusta Dawidson gave herself up to the Germans and asked to be allowed to join him. In early 1940, thanks to a huge bribe, the two were released but had to report regularly to the Gestapo. They nevertheless continued to meet secretly with the members of their movement and soon married.
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The
Draengers continued their resistance despite the surveillance. They continued to meet with movement members. Shimshon forged identity documents that allowed movement members to freely move among the ghettos in safe houses that Gusta had found. The sale of these papers helped fund the underground.
268:
Gusta
Dawidson Draenger's diary was written from February to the end of April 1943. Although Gusta requested that her diary be recovered from her cell, Number 15, she did not reveal where it was hidden out of fear that it would be found by the wrong hands. However, one of the Jewish slave laborers
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While in prison, Gusta brought high morale to the other prisoners. According to one anecdote, Shimshon was brought to see Gusta after she was tortured, with the hope that he would then reveal underground secrets. However, Gusta reportedly proudly declared her relationship with the underground, to
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Following the
December 22, 1942 attack on Cyganeria Café (which was frequented by German officers), Shimshon Draenger was arrested on 18 January 1943. When Gusta searched for him and the Gestapo discovered their relationship, they also arrested her. He was sent Montelupich Prison, and she was at
260:, 250 copies of which were distributed every Friday to the Bochnia and Tarnow ghettos and to surviving Jewish refugees and surviving fighters. While trying to escape across the Hungarian border, they were arrested by the Germans and executed on 8 November 1943.
276:. Chairman of the Cracow Jewish Historical Society Dov Johanes brought the manuscript with him when he emigrated to Israel. Akiva member Meir Zinger translated the diary into Hebrew. In 1953, the Hebrew translation was published by the
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youth movement. She later joined the Akiva youth movement where she actively contributed to education, becoming a member of the central committee. She wrote for and edited the youth newspaper,
284:. The English version also included additional transcriptions of the scraps. A version with the newly discovered first chapter of the diary is being prepared by the Ghetto Fighters House.
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heard that a Polish builder had found some written pages under a cells' flooring. The laborer asked for the papers, which were eventually given to the Jewish
Historical Society of Cracow.
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186:. Dawidson, who remained in Europe, was one of the founders of He-Haluz Ha-Lohem ("The Fighting Pioneer"), an underground combat group in Kraków's resistance movement. She befriended
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in early 1943. Her husband
Shimshon Draenger and she were executed by the Nazis in November 1943. Her memoirs were published first in Poland as
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248:. Gusta Draenger and Genia Meltzer were the only women who survived the escape. Eventually, Shimshon and Gusta reunited in
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From milk cans to toilet paper: The story of jewish resistance in the warsaw, łódź, and kraków ghettos, 1940-1944
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On 29 April 1943, the couple escaped with several other prisoners before they were supposed to be taken to the
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426:(Order No. 10618786). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1950583623).
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forest from where they continued to fight. Shimshon wrote and edited the resistance newspaper
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351:"Gusta Davidson Draenger, also known by her underground name, Justyna"
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arrested
Draenger for including an article by the anti-Nazi Austrian
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in
September 1939, many older members of the organization moved to
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130:. She wrote a detailed account of her activities while in
280:. In 1996, an English translation was published by the
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tradition. While at school, she became a member of the
213:. He was sent to the Troppau concentration camp near
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Born in Kraków, Gusta
Dawidson was brought up in an
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in the late 1930s and during the Nazi occupation in
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138:in 1946, then in Hebrew as יומנה של יוסטינה or
400:"Justyna's Narrative - Gusta Davidson Draenger"
528:Jewish resistance members during the Holocaust
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468:, vol. 92, no. 19-20, 1 June 1996, p. 1669.
190:, an Akiba leader and editor of its journal
142:(Justina's Diary) in 1974 and in English as
272:In 1946, Draenger's diary was published as
95:Diary about the Jewish resistance in Kraków
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503:Polish women in World War II resistance
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464:Cohen, George. "Justyna's Narrative."
353:. Eilat Gordin Levitan: Krakow Stories
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87:Justina, Justyna, Tova, Gusta Davidson
508:Polish Jews who died in the Holocaust
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252:, then proceeding to a bunker in the
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322:Peled, Yael Margolin (March 2009).
170:, and kept the movement's records.
375:Women and War: With a New Epilogue
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513:20th-century Polish women writers
282:University of Massachusetts Press
246:Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp
16:Polish Jewish activist and writer
178:Following the German and Soviet
444:. Univ of Massachusetts Press.
372:Elshtain, Jean Bethke (2005).
174:Resistance During World War II
118:(1917 – November 1943), was a
112:Gusta (Tova) Dawidson Draenger
1:
523:Jews executed by Nazi Germany
538:20th-century Polish diarists
241:raise her husband's morale.
378:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 146–.
589:
563:Polish non-fiction writers
324:"Gusta Dawidson Draenger"
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326:. Jewish Women's Archive
201:In September 1939, the
548:Jewish women activists
470:Gale Academic OneFile.
422:Hadley, J. M. (2017).
278:Ghetto Fighters' House
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228:Cover of the original
23:Gusta Dawidson Dranger
558:Jewish Polish writers
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158:Jewish family of the
553:Polish Orthodox Jews
543:Jewish women writers
498:Writers from Kraków
440:Justyna's Narrative
144:Justyna's Narrative
76:Cause of death
533:Holocaust diarists
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180:invasion of Poland
140:Jōmānā šel Jusṭina
132:Montelupich Prison
385:978-1-85109-770-8
264:Diary publication
258:He-Haluz Ha-Lohem
230:Pamiętnik Justyny
136:Pamiętnik Justyny
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71:(aged 25–26)
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328:. Retrieved
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122:activist in
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69:(1943-11-08)
493:1943 deaths
488:1917 births
160:Gur hasidim
482:Categories
409:2023-03-02
288:References
150:Early life
357:9 January
330:9 January
184:Palestine
146:in 1996.
79:Execution
466:Booklist
196:Tse'irim
156:Orthodox
58:, Poland
250:Bochnia
203:Gestapo
116:Justyna
47: (
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232:(1946)
168:Zeirim
124:Kraków
100:Spouse
56:Kraków
215:Opava
446:ISBN
380:ISBN
359:2018
332:2018
209:his
64:Died
49:1917
45:1917
38:Born
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
