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178:. This is confirmed in a 2 July 1893 letter to his father in which he requests his photographic equipment, consisting of a camera, tripod, lens, cassette for photographic plates, shutter, dark cloth, and "as well as my barometer". (Letter No. 15, The Letters of Gustaf Nordenskiöld Mesa Verde 1991.) He also says in the same letter that his father should answer by telegram whether he should remain where he is.
231:
farther into the deserts of the
American West. I decided to go roaming on horseback with two companions through the northern part of Arizona." He made this trip, actually through Indian country in Colorado, Utah and Arizona, which went as far as the Grand Canyon. (Kungl. Boktryckeriet P.A. Norstedt & Soner Stockholm, 1892. In English, The Mesa Verde Museum Association, Mesa Verde National Park, CO 81330)
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In the late 19th century, there were no laws against treasure-hunting or selling artifacts in
Colorado; in addition to the ever-present threat of vandalism and looting, scholars and tourists alike had the habit of taking valuable items from Mesa Verde as trophies. In this climate, Nordenskiöld loaded
210:
Nordenskiöld biographers Judith
Reynolds and David Reynolds describe the ensuing situation as an "international incident." Angry locals charged Nordenskiöld with "devastating the ruins" and had him arrested at midnight at the Strater Hotel even though there were no laws at the time supporting such a
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Originally published in a
Stockholm newspaper, and then later written in the preface to his 1892 book "From the Far West, Memories of America" Nordenskiöld states "The free roaming nomadic life, which this research forced me into, appealed greatly to my spirit and created a desire for excursions
181:
He worked with
Wetherill, discoverer of the Mesa Verde cliff dwellings in 1888, and Charles Mason. The Wetherill's led Nordenskiöld through the canyons and sandstone cliffs of the Mesa Verde cliff dwellings where he applied his European scientific training, conducting the first archaeological
223:
When
Nordenskiöld was arrested on 17 September 1891 he sent this telegram to his father: "much trouble some expense no danger" (original omits capitalization). Letter No. 31, The Letters of Gustaf Nordenskiöld Mesa Verde 1991.
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article, Electra Draper wrote: "...residents of
Durango were beginning to think foreigners shouldn't be removing local artifacts." No intervention was taken against Americans who were also looting the sites.
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Publisher(s): American
Geographical Society; Reviewed Authors(s): G. Nordenskiold; Source: The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 23, (1894), pp. 434–435
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After his return from
America, Nordenskiöld occupied himself with mineralogical studies, but his health started to deteriorate again in 1894. He died on June 6, 1895, aboard a train traveling to
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Stones Speak and Waters Sing, The Life and Works of Gustaf
Nordenskiold, Olof Arrhenius, edited and annotated by Robert H. Lister and Florence C. Lister. Mesa Verde Museum Association 1984
324:. Appendix: Human remains from the Cliff Dwellings of the Mesa Verde. G. Nordenskiold. Translated by D. L. Morgan. Reprinted 2017 by FB&C Limited. Originally published in 1893 as
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excavation of the cliff dwellings. Nordenskiöld employed Wetherill to supervise excavations at Mesa Verde and trained Wetherill in a number of techniques, such as how to use a
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Publisher(s): American Geographical Society; Author(s): W. R. Birdsall; Source: Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York, Vol. 23, (1891), pp. 584–620
403:
Wilcox, David R. Fowler, Don D. (Summer 2002). "The beginnings of anthropological archaeology in the North American Southwest: from Thomas Jefferson to the Pecos Conference."
728:
738:
160:, Japan, so the world tour was still on his mind. Three days later, on 30 June 1891, also from Denver, he tells his father that tomorrow he was going to
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307:. G. Nordenskiold. Translated by Larry E. Scott and Kent R. Olson. Reprinted 2010, East Hall Press, Augustana College. Originally published in 1892 as
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27:
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238:, a monumental report of his excavations, describing in detail the buildings, pottery, skeletal remains, and tools found at the sites.
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Diamond, Irving L., "Much Trouble Some Expense No Danger" Mesa Verde National Park. Proceedings of the Anasazi Symposium 1991.
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building in central Helsinki, as part of the collection called "Fetched from Afar" (Kaukaa Haettua) until 19 May 2013. The
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Nordenskiöld's collections from Mesa Verde were bought by a Finnish collector who eventually donated them to the
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Roberts, David. (Dec 1993). "'Reverse archaeologists' are tracing the footsteps of a cowboy-explorer."
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186:(he had been using a shovel). Nordenskiöld explained to Wetherill the importance of documentation.
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31:
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In the end, Nordenskiöld took more than 150 photographs of Mesa Verde, and logged multiple sites.
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144:. (Letter No. 2, The Letters of Gustaf Nordenskiöld Mesa Verde 1991). In Letter No. 9 from
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The Cliff Dwellers of the Mesa Verde, Southwestern Colorado: Their Pottery and Implements
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contains an archive of photographs, notes, correspondence and newspaper clippings. The
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A full rendering of Gustaf Nordenskiöld's book in the 1893 version (see pg. v) is here
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When Nordenskiöld arrived in Durango he made arrangements to stay with cattle rancher
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280:
236:
The Cliff Dwellers of Mesa Verde, Southwestern Colorado: Their Pottery and Implements
149:
141:
131:
525:
Bear, David. (Sept 6, 2001). "Blackened Mesa Verde is Reborn to the Hardy Curious".
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339:
The Letters of Gustaf Nordenskiold - with Articles from Ymer and Photographic Times.
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292:
119:
102:, graduating with a B.A. from Uppsala in 1889. The next year (1890) he traveled to
61:
490:
Draper, Electra. (Dec 9, 2005). "Mesa Verde sites glow for park's birthday bash."
245:. (Courtesy of the Hilthi Trust Digital Library, University of Michigan Library.)
275:. They are now held by the National Museum of Finland and were on display at the
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438:
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Nordenskiöld's North American segment of a world tour began when he landed in
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Draper, Electra. (June 26, 2006). "Mesa Verde artifacts ended up in Sweden."
259:, he did not inherit the family title, which therefore passed to his brother
203:, and headed for Europe, with most of the items eventually ending up at the
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385:"Watch the National Parks: America's Best Idea | Ken Burns | PBS"
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includes letters to his father from Washington, Philadelphia, Charleston,
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may have played a role in Nordenskiöld's arrest. In the December 9, 2005,
164:, and the "Mancos Valley" where there are a "number of cliff dwellings".
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103:
545:
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Noel, Tom. (Jan 1, 2005). "Two Women Ensured a Future for Our Past".
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148:, he tells his father to address letters to the Swedish Consulate in
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In 1893 he published one of the first books about Mesa Verde,
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This break in the itinerary of his world tour was permanent.
295:(in Kentucky), Durango, Navajo Canyon, and other locations.
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family of scientists and the eldest son of polar explorer
436:
Chalmers, Robin. (Sept 1999). "A Historic Rediscovery."
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http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=inu.30000029476458
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charge. In addition to the issue of removing artifacts,
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descent who was the first to scientifically study the
114:, bringing a collection of plant fossils back to the
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The Cliff Dwellings of the Cañons of the Mesa Verde:
341:Publisher: Mesa Verde Museum Association in 1991.
152:and on 27 June 1891 he wrote to his mother from
49:and his equally aristocratic wife, Anna Maria
582:Lindberg, Christer. (Spring 1993). "Sweden."
328:in Stockholm by P. A. Norstedt & Söners.
326:Ruiner af Klippboningar i Mesa Verde's Cañons
311:in Stockholm by P. A. Norstedt & Söners.
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118:. After his return, he was diagnosed with
630:Reynolds, Judith, & Reynolds, David.
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309:Från Fjärran Västern, Minnen från Amerika
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79:The National Parks: America's Best Idea
729:Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad
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305:From the Far West, Memories of America
197:Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad
607:The Cliff Dwellers of the Mesa Verde:
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68:, photo by Gustaf Nordenskiöld, 1891
634:, Xlibris Corporation, April 2006.
22:(29 June 1868 – 6 June 1895) was a
122:and went to Berlin for treatment.
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739:Swedish people of Finnish descent
285:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
116:Swedish Museum of Natural History
90:Nordenskiöld completed school at
72:Nordenskiöld was featured on the
689:Historians of Native Americans
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714:19th-century Swedish nobility
584:The American Indian Quarterly
255:As he predeceased his father
655:"Nordenskiöld, Gustav"
94:in Stockholm and studied at
704:Stockholm University alumni
510:"The Majesty of Mesa Verde"
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632:Nordenskiold of Mesa Verde
528:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
205:National Museum of Finland
195:Mesa Verde artifacts into
146:Charleston, North Carolina
134:on 27 May 1891 aboard the
424:. v24.n9 : pp28(10).
38:. He was a member of the
734:Mesa Verde National Park
699:Scientists from Helsinki
516:, 2009 March 13, p. W12.
406:Journal of the Southwest
267:Archives and collections
724:Finnish anthropologists
360:Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld
126:Nordenskiöld in America
100:University of Stockholm
47:Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld
719:Swedish-speaking Finns
661:Encyclopedia Americana
409:44.2 : p121(114).
273:University of Helsinki
190:Arrest and exoneration
174:at the Alamo Ranch in
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506:Michael C. FitzGerald
252:, only 27 years old.
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586:17.n2 : 251(5).
514:Wall Street Journal
457:Rocky Mountain News
365:Erland Nordenskiöld
34:cliff dwellings in
20:Gustaf Nordenskiöld
277:Museum of Cultures
96:Uppsala University
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709:Swedish explorers
694:Finnish explorers
201:Durango, Colorado
172:Richard Wetherill
162:Durango, Colorado
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684:1895 deaths
679:1868 births
439:Cobblestone
421:Smithsonian
289:Riksarkivet
217:Denver Post
199:boxcars in
137:SS Waesland
76:PBS series
26:scholar of
673:Categories
569:2009-04-10
552:2009-04-10
371:References
347:0937062162
334:0265584868
317:1878326171
213:xenophobia
86:Early life
66:Mesa Verde
51:Mannerheim
36:Mesa Verde
496:. p. A01.
257:the Baron
74:Ken Burns
478:. pB-05.
354:See also
250:Jämtland
158:Yokohama
132:New York
104:Svalbard
664:. 1920.
279:in the
140:of the
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261:Erland
184:trowel
154:Denver
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44:Baron
636:ISBN
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110:and
60:The
512:in
390:PBS
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